dissertation topics on hiv

264 HIV Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

🏆 best hiv topic ideas & essay examples, 👍 good essay topics on hiv, 📑 interesting topics to write about hiv, ✅ good research topics about hiv, ⭐ simple & easy hiv essay titles, 📌 most interesting hiv topics to write about, ❓ hiv research questions.

• The HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the Movie “And the Band Played On” In particular, they knew that many of the patients had sexual intercourse with one another, but they could not explain why this disease was widespread in the gay community.
• HIV/AIDS in Papua New Guinea Even though the disease was first noticed in the earlier years of the 1980s, it was news to the country of Papua New Guinea till in the year 1987 when the first case of AIDS […]
• Epidemiologic Triangle Elements Applied to HIV The epidemiologic triangle can be extremely beneficial in this perspective, because it “is a model for explaining the organism causing the disease and the conditions that allow it to reproduce and spread”. Anyway, the spread […]
• Prevention and Treatment of HIV/AIDS Gates Foundation The main objective of the Gates Foundation is “to reduce the incidence of HIV infection and extend the lives of people living with HIV”.
• HIV in South Africa This negative side of the warfare led to the re-interpretation of human security on the onset of the Cold War that ushered in the second phase of the human security approach.
• The International Problem of HIV/AIDS in Modern World In addition, the effects of HIV/AIDS today are not only confined to the families and individuals infected, but also involve the political, economic, and social factors of the country and people in the country.
• HIV/AIDS Education’ Importance for Young People Due to the impact of this challenge in many countries, better education system that informs the youth and new generation is essential in informing the youths on the safety behaviors that can help reduce the […]
• Saudi Student Nurses’ Perception of Their Educational Preparation for HIV/AIDS Patient Care In this research, the review will explore the current knowledge and literature regarding the level of comfort of nursing student’s on educational program preparation for the care of people living with HIV/AIDS in Saudi Arabia.
• HIV and AIDS in Adolescents The teenagers in America and the world are a group that is constantly at risk of infection with the Human-Immunodeficiency-Virus and developing the Acquired-Immune-Deficiency-Syndrome, the disease condition that eventually results; this is stemming mainly from […]
• Drugs for the Treatment of HIV Infection: Over 30 Antiretroviral Drugs to Counter the Effects of the Deadly AIDS Virus By the latest study, the Food and Drug Administration has approved 30 antiretroviral drugs to counter the effects of the deadly AIDS virus According to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the drugs, […]
• The Spread of HIV and AIDS in Prisons: Causes and Measures of Control Other causes of the spread of the disease include overcrowding and lack of education on the danger of the virus. At-risk individuals need to be sensitized about the devastating consequences of this virus and the […]
• Bubonic Plague and AIDS: Differences and Similarities Transmission of the diseases is also another area that generated debate in the entire course of The Plague and during the initial stages of AIDS.
• Social Networks of People Living With HIV and AIDS The purpose of the study was to compare the social networks of younger patients with the older ones. The convoy theory of social support lent credence to the research.
• AIDS Discrimination in “Philadelphia” (1993) by Jonathan Demme “Philadelphia” is the film that appeared on the screens at the end of the 20th century. He is a lawyer, who copes with his duties easily and is known as one of the best professionals.
• Ethical Issues on HIV/AIDS The issues to be discussed include ethical issues related to research and counseling for AIDS patients, discrimination, and intentional transmission of the disease and the protection of vulnerable groups in the society.
• Microbial-Environmental Interactions in HIV & AIDS The virus manifests in two subtypes, HIV-1 and HIV-2, and the severity of infection depends on the type of viral attack.
• HIV and AIDS Prevalence in South Africa According to Africa Science Focus, despite effective HIV/AIDS treatments available around the world, there is a distinct inequality in the ability of South Africa to access them. Before listening to the podcast, I knew that […]
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus and AIDS in Women HIV and AIDS are global health problems affecting women disproportionately due to cultural beliefs and worldviews. Biological variations also contribute to the spread of HIV and AIDS among women due to peculiarities of their body […]
• Addressing the Issue of the HIV Epidemic in the US It aims to end the HIV epidemic in the country by utilizing the latest scientific advancements in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
• Living With HIV: Stigma and Discrimination The mental health and emotional well-being of the population living with this virus are affected due to the humiliation and judgment they face from their fellows around them.
• Nursing: HIV Among Queer (LGBT) Community A combinatory program is required to reduce the rates of HIV transmission, improve the prevention techniques against the virus and ensure the early-stage diagnosis procedures are as effective as possible.
• HIV-Positive Women’s Mental Health Problems Peer review implies the submission of the article describing the details of the research process and the design to a journal that then sends this article to the professionals working in the same field, who […]
• The HIV Vaccine: Discontinuation of Trials Therefore, the primary benefit of this study is that people could get immune to the HIV infection, provided the vaccine worked.
• The Stigma of People Living With HIV and AIDS Consequently, in this case, it is recommended to pay special attention to the development and implementation of policies to combat HIV/AIDS stigmatization from the point of view of taking into account the interests of older […]
• Aspects of Stop AIDS Delaware Initiative The four that are incredibly essential to their own lives as well as to a wider community include emotional resilience, communication skills, medical knowledge of the condition, and empathy.
• Stigma and Psychological Distress in HIV Caregivers The inclusion criteria of the participants in the study were if they had a confirmed HIV diagnosis. This study’s findings are similar to the findings in “Depression, anxiety, stress, and stigma in informal caregivers of […]
• Math: Aspects of HIV Modeling The indicator of the fit of the constructed model to the data set is the parameter R2, the coefficient of determination.
• Ethical and Legal Issues With the Disclosure of HIV Status of Healthcare Workers The first glance at the situation compels one to immediately support the idea that healthcare professionals should disclose their HIV status since the alternative scenario would pose a significant health risk to a patient.
• Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among HIV People The abstract provides a concise summary of the background of the research, aims, methodology, results, and conclusions to help the audience understand the without reading the entire report.
• HIV Infection: Diagnosing and Testing Therefore, a comprehensive approach to clarifying the diagnosis, using a synthesis of scientifically based and subjective aspects of the course of the disease. The purpose of this study is to determine a comprehensive approach to […]
• HIV-AIDS Prevention & Advocacy Through Legislation Despite the existing programs to promote HIV/AIDS prevention among the population and criminalization of the failure to disclose HIV status prior to sexual intercourse, the Florida state legislature does not obtain any mandatory outreach and […]
• Increasing Public Awareness of HIV Infection The HIV denialism movement, which emerged almost immediately after the discovery of the disease and its identification as the cause of AIDS, actively promotes anti-scientific hypotheses about the absence of both the virus itself and […]
• Stories of People Battling HIV-AIDs She always ensures that supportive communication is at the center of her engagement with the children and shows acceptance and respect to improve her relationship with them.
• HIV Subtype Diversity Worldwide HIV is a severe global health issue because almost 40 million people were infected in 2017. That is why it is not surprising that Australians also suffer from this health problem.
• Los Angeles: Community Strategic Plan For STD and HIV Reduction Thus, one of the main concerns is the risk of transmission of both STDs and HIV due to the crisis of homelessness and loneliness in Los Angeles Country.
• Vulnerable Population: HIV-AIDS The latest statistics identify HIV/AIDS as a major medical problem affecting the health sector. The disease currently affects over one million citizens.
• African American Women With HIV: HIV Treatment Compliance The sampling strategy that will be used in the study is simple random sampling. This strategy will be appropriate because it is likely that the sample will be representative of the general population, for any […]
• HIV, STI as a Public Health Issue In light of the fact that the HIV/STI development levels remain rather high among the target population, the necessity to educate young people about the threats of HIV/STI, as well as the methods of avoiding […]
• Health Interventions in the AIDS Epidemic This development has created the need for introducing the social-ecological model in curbing the increased rates of HIV infection in some communities. This paper identifies income and stigma as the main social factors that affect […]
• Changes in the Research on AIDS Some of the current researches on this disease include treatment of the disease, the content of Aids protein and the preventive modes.
• The Most Effective Methods of Preventing the Spread of HIV Recent statistics show that in the United States the number of people living with HIV and AIDS is higher among men than women.
• Segregation of HIV-Positive Prisoners The biggest debate on segregation of HIV-positive prisoners surrounds the ethical impact it renders to the inmates. The proponents of segregation of HIV-positive prisoners believe that segregation protects prisoners and the correctional staff from catching […]
• The Problem of Homeless Youths With HIV-AIDS Studies carried out in the city of New York in 2008 showed that 21 percent of homeless youth males and 24 percent of homeless female youths had “more than 100 lifetime partners”. 5 percent of […]
• Country Health Policy Proposal on Improving HIV-AIDS Outcomes in South Africa One of the significant public health problems facing the South African public health system is the high prevalence of HIV/AIDs. Inefficiency of the public health system contributes significantly to the HIV burden in South Africa.
• HIV/AIDS and International Health Community Over the years, the level of people’s awareness about the notion of HIV/AIDS has increased dramatically, yet the health condition itself remains frowned upon and stigmatized by the global community.
• AIDS, Then and Now This view spread to the U.S.culture at large and contributed to an exaggerated representation of the disease as a “gay plague” in the media.
• Film “The Silent Partner: HIV in Marriage” In a region whose fight against HIV is slowed by a lack of awareness, the film shows how traditional ways of fighting the pandemic fail to serve the needs of married women.
• Communicable Disease Health Education Tool: HIV, AIDS The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a contagious that causes a condition known as the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
• The HIV/AIDS Situation in India Most of the initial cases had occurred through heterosexual sex; but at the end of the 1980s, a rapid spread of HIV was observed among injecting drug users in Manipur, Mizoram and Nagaland. An explosion […]
• HIV, Health & Rights – Sustaining Community Action In general, the strategies are useful since they focus on the existing challenges and address the target population. In conclusion, one can state that the strategic drivers have been successfully developed into the four directional […]
• HIV in Saudi Arabian Children Analysis For a long time, this society has considered those who are suffering from HIV as adulterous and are not living according to the teachings of the Quran.
• Problem of HIV in Saudi Arabian Children Although the rate of HIV infection still remains low when compared to the world’s average, the number has been on the rise over the past five years.
• HIV and AIDS as a Chronic Disease: The Unique Contributions of Nursing Through Philosophical, Theoretical, and Historical Perspectives In most societies across the world, the responsibility of caring for the sick in the community feel on the family and the entire society.
• The Historical and Current Role of Stigma in the Provision of HIV and AIDS Care: The Context of Ghana The paper describes the historical and current role of stigma in the provision and care of people living with HIV and AIDS in the context of Ghana.
• Men Issues With HIV/AIDS in Miami Various men’s issues and social well-being have contributed to the increased rate of infection among men in Miami and Florida. In conclusion, the rate of HIV/AIDS infection in Miami is higher among men than among […]
• From Exceptional to Chronic Illness: New Challenges in HIV Prevention in the UK The current paper is an attempt to analyze the shift in the perception of HIV from an exception to a chronic illness and the new challenges experienced in HIV prevention in the UK.
• Researching HIV, AIDS and Social Justice Disney claims that poverty and social injustice lead to the spread of HIV/AIDS among underprivileged people in all countries. The disease was a kind of stigma and infected people were subjected to discrimination and alienation.
• The Threat of HIV, AIDS and the Means to Avoid It Taking into account the results of the case study conducted by Cornish and Ghosh, instances of people in India becoming infected with the HIV virus have increased recently, which is given as a reason for […]
• The Combivir Medication in HIV, AIDS Treatment Hence by blocking the enzyme the rate of virus multiplication is reduced and consequently the amount of HIV cells in the blood is reduced.
• The Policy Topic on the Impact of HIV/AIDS Pandemic in the USA This paper will discuss the policy topic on the impact of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in the United States and the rest of the world.
• Circumcision of Male Infants as a Way to Combat the HIV Therefore, by circumcising all the men, the rate of heterosexual infections in Australia will reduce considerably as circumcised men are lesser prone to HIV infections than uncircumcised ones.
• Genco Company: A Distribution of HIV-AIDS Drugs in Malaysia The management of Genco Company should be keen on setting out the date of registration because it helps to determine the period, which the business will be legal to operate in the country.
• HIV From a Social Sciences Perspective In the US, the disease was initially associated with gays only but in the recent past, it is has been claiming many lives in the country and other parts of the world. The first social […]
• Microbiological View of HIV Epidemic and Possibility of Discovering Its Cure The glycoprotein facilitates attachment and fusion of the virus to human cell membrane. In Golgi complex it is cleaved by protease and proceased in to human immunodeficiency virus and released.
• HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) Prevention In so doing, they ignore the importance of the community in the prevention of HIV transmission. HIV prevention strategies that focus on the social drivers of HIV transmission are usually very effective.
• HIV/AIDS Pandemic Facing the Female Global Population The questions that arise are; what factors are contributing to the prevalence, who are the most affected and what are the actions taken to mitigate the HIV/AIDS epidemic?
• HIV Transmission From Homosexual Men Receiving Cure The study reaches the following conclusions: In general, male partners to MSM receiving treatment are at risk of contracting HIV virus although the risk is relative to condom use as well as the last time […]
• Hepatitis C and HIV Among Intravenous Drug Users In relation to this health issue of HIV and HCV, the community health nurse has the responsibility of promoting health among intravenous drug users.
• Addressing the Needs of HIV Patients According to the latest report published on the subject matter, the therapy provided to the patients in question implies that the family members should take an active part in the process of managing the disorder […]
• HIV-AIDS in News Reports and Literature The report further shows that the use of ART has led to a reduction in the total cost of managing HIV-related cases annually in low and middle-income countries.
• Decreasing Inflammation in People With HIV: The Efficiency of Low-Dose Methotrexate The principal objective of the research is to obtain a numerical estimate of the issue and the reaction of respondents towards it.
• HIV Pandemic in Africa and the United States However, there is no epidemic of AIDS in the United States due to appropriate measures conducted by the government including the prohibition of the polygamy and anti-drug policy. Additionally, authors regard the role of the […]
• Communicable Disease Control Strategies for AIDS Governments should consider AIDS as a health priority, among the strategies to control the spread of disease are ensuring that public and private sectors are sharing AIDS’ responsibility, provision of enough resources to research on […]
• Guidelines on HIV and Infant Feeding The objective of this guideline was to find ways through which HIV-positive mothers can protect their HIV-free children from a possible infection.
• People Infected With HIV in India The proposed research aims to highlight the particular factors that led to a decrease in the number of people infected with HIV in India.
• Pneumonia Infection & Risk of Mortality in HIV-Infected Children The topic is quite interesting because only a few studies have attempted to focus on the role of HIV infection on the rates of mortality and morbidity rates in pneumonia infections. It is the first […]
• HIV Rates and Infant Mortality: US, UK and Kenya The purpose of this paper is to compare the HIV rates and infant mortality cases of the United States with the situation in a developed country such as the United Kingdom) and a developing nation […]
• Disclosure of a Physician’s HIV Status The addition of another corpus that needs the disclosure of HIV/AIDS status to partners is as important as it is harmful if done without prior consent.
• AIDS: The Legal Rights and Responsibilities of Employees and Patients It is the responsibility of employees to adhere to adjusted schedules and to maintain high productivity and efficiency. Employees also have a right to assess information on HIV and AIDS in the workplace.
• Late Phase of HIV Type 1 Replication The Late Phase of HIV type 1 replication involves the assembly of Gag proteins with the plasma membrane of hematopoietic cells.
• Baby With HIV Is Deemed Cured After reading the article, the first question I asked myself was whether it is possible for a baby with HIV to be cured without medication.
• Routes of HIV Transmission Based on the NACO annual report, it can be seen that the primary drivers of the HIV epidemic in India are commercial female sex workers, drug use and unprotected sex between homosexuals and heterosexuals.
• Health Services Research: AIDS-Related Stigma The information obtained from the analysis of the research findings are used by the healthcare organizations and policy makers to improve on the delivery of quality healthcare services to the people.
• HIV Intervention in Gay Community The AIDS scourge is at the center of this study because this paper seeks to address AIDS as a special health concern affecting the gay community in the Montrose area, with a clear aim of […]
• Risks for HIV&AIDS in Juvenile Detention The participants in this study willingly shared their perceptions and experience of risk for HIV/AIDS within the context of their social and ecological environments and, in so doing, embodied other models of interaction and behavior […]
• The Impact of HIV and AIDS Epidemic on Women In the anatomy while having intercourse the vagina is very susceptible to tears and irritations when engaging in sex and thus with the tears and the irritations the exposed flesh offers a good penetrating surface […]
• The Impact of Social Determinants of Health in the HIV-AIDS Efforts have been made to contain the pandemic but in vain, and that is why researchers are concentrating on the social determinants of health in the context of HIV/AIDS.
• The Social Environments and the Effectiveness of Youth HIV Prevention It is saddening that most of the youth view sex education negatively since their elders have socialized them to view it as a curse.
• Combining Efforts to Combat HIV and AIDS The difference in health care systems and standards of health care resources available in different parts of the world, greatly affect the course of the disease in individuals and groups.
• HIV Testing of High School Seniors Should Not Be a Mandatory Requirement for Graduation Still if a policy like mandatory HIV screening of students is formulated by the governing body of the University it is the indication of a serious lack of proper understanding of HIV/AIDS and the rights […]
• Research Into the Causes of HIV Though HIV is still incurable in modern days, one of the problems that people in slow developing countries face is high death rate from HIV due to the lack of funds for purchasing effective medication […]
• The Problem of HIV & AIDS in Spain: The Leading Rate of Infection in Europe Considering the fact that Spain has the leading number of the homosexual in Europe, the rate of the infections in this group stands at 10%.
• HIV and People Who Use Drugs: Cases of Infection Caused by Injection Drug Use The existing condition of the epidemic in a certain region can be termed as low-level, concentrated, or generalized depending on the prevalence levels of the virus in the specified demographic.
• Concepts of Culture and Disease Paper: AIDS However, in general, African governments and non-governmental organizations with the help of the United Nations Department of AIDS, UNAids, continue to educate Africans on the spread, symptoms, and other AIDS factors. In sub-Saharan Africa, numerous […]
• AIDS and Its Trends: An Infectious Disease That Causes the Vulnerability of the Human Internal System These facts address the query of the author having the valid experience to make writings regarding the Disease, it is clear that he had first-hand experiences. The disease is manageable with the use of drugs […]
• Effects of HIV and AIDS on Young Children and Women The hypothesis of this study is to establish the prevalence of HIV and AIDS on the general population this is with particular attention to the young children and the women who are more vulnerable.
• HIV Counseling and Testing: Lifetime Treatment Program Some of the possible intervention that can be adopted by the clinicians in order to improve adherence include the encouragement of the patients to be in contact with people of their age who will encourage […]
• Epidemiological Analysis of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) The virus is found in most of the body fluids of the infected person; and this is the main route of infections.
• Health Care Management: HIV and AIDS Prevention and Treatment To define the measurement system, and define the failure or success of HIV/AIDS treatment it is necessary to give the image of the situation in general.
• HIV, AIDS Health Determinants in Africa: The Research and Development in Curative and Preventive Medicare Emphasis was laid on the research and development in curative and preventive Medicare so that the members of the society lived a healthy life. This is compared to a total of between 130,000 and 180,000 […]
• HIV Crisis in Africa: Review of Major Public Health Concerns on the Continent The paper will examine the issue of HIV/AIDS in Africa, focusing on the effects of the disease, procedures of its containment, and the prevention tactics used by the African public.
• ART HIV Medicine Saves Lives: Maintains Functions of the Immune System and Prevents Opportunistic Infections The goal of the essay is to increase the level of awareness of readers on the importance of ART. A brief overview of HIV treatment programs should also be included in the essay to support […]
• HIV: Overview of the Clinical Manifestations of Infection and Symptoms and Known Cases of Complete Cure The information includes detailed information about the molecular structure of the virus, the form of the genome, and the mechanism of self-reproduction within a targeting cell.
• Faith-Based Organization Services as the Best Means to Prevent HIV and AIDS in Southern Cameroons The HIV/AIDS issue was complicated by the fact that at the moment of this research, there was no cure and the only way of addressing the infection spread was through prevention and ensuring that people […]
• HIV & AIDS: Role of Healthcare Professionals and Patient Education It is also vital to stress that non-adherence leads to the return of the symptoms and the development of HIV-related diseases that could lead to death.
• HIV & AIDS Diagnosis and Treatment Measures After decades of its first appearance, the human immunodeficiency virus, which causes AIDS at a more severe stage, continues to be a major threat to human health and searches for developments in diagnosis and treatment.
• Breast Cancer and AIDS: Significant Issues in the United States in the Late 20th Century Thus, the given paper is going to explain why these activists challenged regulatory and scientific authorities and what they demanded. That is why the enthusiasts challenged their practices and made specific demands to improve the […]
• The Effect of HIV Treatment on Individuals and Contributing to a Longer Life of the Patients As a result, better treatment of the illnesses globally and especially in Africa has contributed to a longer life expectancy of the patients.
• Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention in South Africa The primary purpose of this study is to determine the cost-effectiveness of the use of circumcision and if this practice is appropriate.
• Misinform Partner’s HIV-AIDS Status: How to Prevent From Being Misinformed However, I believe that the key to avoiding the issue of the HIV growing epidemic does not lie in the doctor’s duty to anonymously inform one’s sexual partners.
• The Issue of HIV-AIDS-Positive Status Disclosure Whereas at the beginning of the epidemic, the therapists felt it was their duty to inform the patient’s surroundings of the issue, the introduction of the HIV/AIDS Confidentiality Act turned this duty into a forthright […]
• Global Health Issue Analysis: HIV – A Relatively New Disease Rapid detection and treatment are crucial to limit the spread of HIV and limit the patient’s effects. As the frequency and intensity of symptoms vary from person to person, testing is the only clear way […]
• High Risk of HIV Among Injection Drug Users The aim of this Health Promotion Plan is to improve the situation with infection diseases spreading among the injection drug users due to the social importance of this problem and the high level of mortality […]
• Childhood Sexual Abuse and HIV Risk in San Salvador Still, the women interviewed presented a peculiar layer of the society that made it possible to understand the clear connection of the CSA to HIV/AIDS and drug addictions.
• New Directions and Strategies for Current and Future Research in HIV The authors therefore are in agreement that future research paradigms focusing on HIV should lay much focus on developing an efficacious vaccine to curtail further spread of the virus.
• Health and Health Policy of HIV and AIDS: Physical and Psychological Wellbeing Health is defined and understood as the state of full physical and psychological wellbeing, and not just the absence of diseases in the body, while a health policy is the plans, strategies and actions undertaken […]
• Pricing AIDS Drugs Sold to Developing Countries The majority of the world’s HIV/AIDS cases are in Africa particularly the sub-Saharan and many of the infected have been faced with a huge challenge to live a normal life due to limitations in access […]
• Does Black America Need White Support in Order to Combat HIV, AIDS Epidemic? The economic instability, the lack of education and improper health care facilities all attribute to the spread of the epidemic in the black community which is set to rise in the coming years.
• Women With AIDS in Africa: Treatment Possibilities Starting with the economical issues, the countries of Africa are the countries of the third world and the economy is very weak in the area.
• The Relationship Between the High Rate of Urbanization in Africa and AIDS Spread This movement results in to increase in the number of people in the towns and cities in a particular year. The increased social interaction of people in towns has led to increased HIV/AIDS infections in […]
• Language and Stigmatization: Cancer, HIV, and AIDS Much has been written concerning the alarming spread and effects of HIV/AIDS in the society and the effects of cancer and the position of its victims and how to care for them.
• Workplace Stereotypes About People With HIV: Business Ethics After analyzing the every angel of the case, it can be said that this is the picture of the stereotyping prejudice of people with AIDS.
• The Pharmaceutical Industry Faces AIDS in Africa Food insecurity in these countries has to lead to the quick progression of patients to full brown AIDS and completely worsened the immunity of the patients.
• Center for Disease Control and HIV Prevention Goals The first short-term mission of the CDC Preventions is to increase the percentage of those HIV-affected people who indulge in such activities which alleviates the risks or dangers of HIV transmission.
• AIDS Infection in Europe Statistics: A National Disaster in Many Countries Most of these young men and women that engage in this business are end up being infected with HIV virus since they do not have the power to negotiate for safe sex and especially the […]
• World AIDS Day Celebration: Increasing the Awareness of the People About the Disease The World AIDS Day is not just celebrated in the United States, Europe, or Asia, it is observed all over the world because the disease does not only affect this part of the globe, but […]
• Public Policy Development. AIDS.gov Benefit Types CDC is a premier public health agency which undertakes the control and prevention of AIDS in US, and their mission is to promote health and quality of life.
• Public Policy. Eligibility Rules Used by AIDS.gov There are no restrictions that prohibit the tailoring of health care programs by clients and using various services and providers that are eligible for meeting the health care needs of individuals.
• Changes in Prostitution and AIDS Epidemic in Thailand This provided information on commercial sex trends such as the types of CSEs in existence, the number of sex workers, and the price of sex. However, the decline in the number of sex workers was […]
• Advancements in AIDS Research: A Potential Advancement in the Attempt to Cure HIV Infection After HIV’s genetic code is altered from a single thread to a double-strand by the reverse transcriptase enzyme, it gets included in the genetic code of the infected cell.
• AIDS/HIV: Description of the Disease This is the very reason why many who have acquired HIV or AIDS result to an eventual death because of the lack of immune system that protects them from acquiring other forms of illnesses.
• Ethics of Leukemia Treatment With Disabled HIV Cells In recent years, the medical community has pondered the radically new approach to cancer treatment, which is isolating and collecting T-cells from the patient.
• AIDS: Emergence Factors of Infectious Disease Emerging diseases refer to the newly identified pathogens that have been recognized in the past few decades that lead to a new manifestation of diseases.
• AIDS and Its Impact on Humankind: The Leading Killer Disease in the World From these statistics, it is easy to deduce the effect of the disease of humankind. At the international level, more and more funds have been committed to the treatment of AIDS.
• Lewis’ Race Against Time: Curbing HIV&AIDS in Africa Lewis points out that, “HIV/AIDS has sabotaged all of the socioeconomic indices, and the continued damaging western policies in trade and aid and debt, serve to drive the nails into the coffins”.
• Community Health. HIV/AIDS Prevention for the 50+ The specificity of the paper is that it relates the issue of HIV prevention for the people over 50. It is necessary to mention, that: 10% of all AIDS cases in the USA are people […]
• AIDS and Its Related Aspects The report aims to show that clinicians and nurses should discuss AIDS and associated risks with their patients to enhance individuals’ health outcomes and eliminate the prevalence of the disease.
• Anti-HIV Nonprofit’s Organizational Design Particularly, three areas of concern are of the primary interest: the design and functional characteristics of NGOs, the problem of HIV in the context of NGOs, and differences between organic and mechanistic organizational structures.
• HIV and AIDS: Legal and Ethical Conduct During the conversation, I would inform the patient about his HIV status, focusing on the potential health effects of this condition and the types of contacts that may cause the further transmission of the virus.
• OraQuick Home HIV Test and Its Pros & Cons The inventors or other technologists can work on reducing the time people have to wait for the results. It reduces the time people spend visiting the doctor.
• Immunology and Virology of HIV Infection The HIV attacks the body in the form of mRNA, which attacks the nucleus of the T cells and immediately replicates its DNA using the material in the host cells.
• Health Fraud: HIV/AIDS and Sexual Enhancement Scams The form and the result of using health fraud scams is the quackery as a process of treating the disease and different health conditions with the focus on unproven remedies and strategies.
• HIV and AIDS Early History and Risks It is extremely important to learn about the early history of HIV/AIDS, since this knowledge can offer a clue to the problem of curing the disease or at least stop the rapid expansion of the […]
• HIV and AIDS Infection Levels and Their Social Effects One of the social effects of HIV/AIDS is that it causes stigmatization from members of the society. One of the long-term effects of children suffering from the disease include seclusion from the other children, which […]
• HIV Prevalence Among American Queer Communities However, the LGBT community is the one that needs to seek help the most, accounting for 70% of new HIV infections in the United States. The LGBT community and its allies must take an active […]
• HIV Testing Among African American Women The expected long-term measurable goal of the initiative is the reduction of HIV incidence among the members of the target group.
• HIV Prevention Policy Development for Chicago The issue is related to the paper because the developed policy will encourage the participation in preventive measures among the members of the target group.
• HIV Prevention Among Young Adults in Chicago The present paper aims at evaluating the skills and abilities needed for the public health professional in order to eliminate the negative impact of some health issues on the health of the target population.
• Group Policy Regarding the HIV/AIDS Transmission Issue The primary issues related to HIV transmission are the following: A high risk of infection Limited access to treatment The virus’s rapid growth and transmission A tremendous number of people born with the virus Lack […]
• Pharmacology: HIV Drug Resistance The focus of this study was to investigate the possible causes of the resistance, its prevalence, and ways of dealing with the problem.
• HIV Prevention in Youth: Public Health Campaign Interprofessional collaboration is reported to have a positive impact on HIV prevention, to promote the spread of data, and to support the efforts of the public health professionals in the process of work with the […]
• Act Up Movement for Surviving HIV/AIDS Plague AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power is a movement advocating for the improvement of the lives of people with HIV/AIDS and calling for legislation, research, and treatment to eliminate the disease.
• HIV/AIDS Activism in “How to Survive a Plague” The main parties involved in the process of the social construction of AIDS in the USA were the activists, policymakers, and the media.
• HIV/AIDS Prevention by Anti-Retroviral Drugs Thus, the research became the breakthrough of the year as it shifted the previous misconceptions about HIV/AIDS prevention by proving the effectiveness of ARVs in reducing transmission.
• The Impact of AIDS and Reasons Behind the Outbreak One of the facts about AIDS is that it occurs as a result of the weakening of the body’s immune system by the HIV virus.
• AIDS in New York in “How to Survive a Plague” Film The media started to give coverage to this problem when the activists decided to demand the government to develop new drugs or to change the process of AIDS drug approval.
• ”The Cure for AIDS” by Apoorva Mandavilli and Various Ethical Issues It is correct to argue that there has been some achievement in fighting this disease, and the author of this article confirms that there has never been a positive development except for the invention of […]
• Legal Ethics, Patients’ Rights, and HIV/AIDS In this case, being the head health administrator at the USA Community Hospital implies that I have to pay vehement attention to the compliance of the procedures with the safety regulations and minimize the frequency […]
• HIV/AIDS as a Communicable Disease Drawing from a study by Ngatchou, the choice of the word human is linked to the fact that the virus only causes disease in human beings.
• Ancillary Services for HIV/AIDS Patients
• HIV/AIDS Patients: Legal Ethics and Patient Rights
• Medicine: HIV/ AIDS Campaign Slogan
• Medicine: HIV/AIDS as the Key Threat for the Kenyan Population
• HIV and AIDS in Kenya
• HIV/AIDS in Kenya: Evaluation Plan
• Health Promotion Program HIV/AIDS in Kenya
• HIV Among Adolescents – Treatment and Prevention
• Anglo American Plc’s HIV/AIDS Strategy
• 5 Years Strategic Plan for HIV Prevention in Swaziland
• HIV and AIDS Prevention Among the Youth in Asia
• STD/HIV Health Promotion Evaluation Plan
• HIV and AIDS: an Evolving Global Response
• HIV Epidemic in Enrique’s Native Country
• AIDS: From the Perspective of Sociology
• Critical Analysis of Avahan – the India AIDS Initiative
• HIV/AIDS by Allan Whiteside
• Thailand Issues: Environment, Child Prostitution, and HIV/AIDS
• The Rate of Smoking Among HIV Positive Cases.
• Critical Review of Chapter 5 and 6 of the Book HIV/AIDS
• AIDS Combating in the 21st Century: Issues and Challenges
• HIV/AIDS in the UK
• History of Treatment the HIV/AIDS
• Pathology of HIV and AIDS
• How the AIDS Epidemic Has Affected the World on a Political, Social, Economical Way
• The HIV and AIDS Problem Between Educated and Non-Educated Children in Uganda
• Implementation of AIDS Control Policies in Australia and South Africa
• HIV/AIDS Among African Americans
• AIDS: The Guilt and Failure of the West in a Spread of the Disease
• AIDS as an Epidemic of Signification: A Globally Potential Threat
• Key Drivers of HIV/AIDS in Sub Saharan Africa and in San Francisco
• Key Drivers of HIV and AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa and in San Francisco and Church’s Response to the AIDS Pandemic
• Drivers of HIV and AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa and San Francisco
• Impact of HIV/AIDS on Microeconomics
• Theory, Methodology and Human Development: HIV/AIDS and Education in African Countries
• Vital Signs: HIV Testing and Diagnosis Among Adults – United States, 2001-2009
• Community HIV/AIDS Mobilization Project (CHAMP)
• HIV/AIDS Stigma in Tanzania
• Communicable Diseases: HIV and AIDS
• A Project on Establishment of Housing Flats Voluntary Counselling and Testing Centers in Njoro to Reduce Prevalence of HIV/AIDS
• HIV/AIDS Issues in African Women
• AIDS in Lesotho, Africa: The Highest Prevalence Rate of HIV Infections in the World
• HIV/AIDS in Africa and The PEN-3 Model
• Is Being HIV Positive a Disability?
• Why Does the Immune System Weaken With HIV Infection?
• What Is the Main Cause of HIV?
• How Does HIV Gain Entry Into the Cells It Attacks?
• What Can Gamma Delta T Cells Contribute to an HIV Cure?
• What Are the 4 Stages of HIV Infection?
• What Are the 5 Symptoms of HIV?
• Does the HIV Virus Evolve?
• What Is the Good News for HIV-Positive Patients?
• What Is the Impact of HIV on Society?
• What Are the Symptoms of HIV/Aids?
• How Long Will HIV Take to Show Up?
• Can Mosquitoes Transmit HIV?
• How Can You Get HIV?
• How Fast Does HIV Spread in the Body?
• What Can the Government Do to Stop HIV?
• When Did HIV First Arise?
• Why Are Child Victims of Sexual Abuse at Greater Risk of HIV?
• How Long Do HIV Symptoms Last?
• Will There Be a Cure for HIV by 2030?
• Can You Survive HIV-Positive?
• How Many Teenagers Are Affected by HIV?
• Is There Currently a Cure for HIV?
• What Age Group Has the Highest HIV Infection Rate?
• How Long Can You Live After Having HIV?
• What Are the Three Biggest Risk Factors for HIV?
• Which Antibody Functions Are Important for an HIV Vaccine?
• Can You Drink When HIV Positive?
• Why Is HIV Research Important?
• What Resources Are Available for HIV Patients?
• Communicable Disease Research Topics
• Infection Essay Ideas
• Human Papillomavirus Paper Topics
• Pandemic Ideas
• STDs Essay Topics
• Pathogenesis Research Ideas
• Viruses Research Topics
• Hepatitis Questions
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2024, February 29). 264 HIV Essay Topic Ideas & Examples. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/hiv-essay-topics/

"264 HIV Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." IvyPanda , 29 Feb. 2024, ivypanda.com/essays/topic/hiv-essay-topics/.

IvyPanda . (2024) '264 HIV Essay Topic Ideas & Examples'. 29 February.

IvyPanda . 2024. "264 HIV Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." February 29, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/hiv-essay-topics/.

1. IvyPanda . "264 HIV Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." February 29, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/hiv-essay-topics/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "264 HIV Essay Topic Ideas & Examples." February 29, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/hiv-essay-topics/.

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

• View all journals
• Explore content
• About the journal
• Publish with us
• Sign up for alerts
• Open access
• Published: 24 November 2021

A study of awareness on HIV/AIDS among adolescents: A Longitudinal Study on UDAYA data

• Shobhit Srivastava   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-7138-4916 1 ,
• Shekhar Chauhan   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-6926-7649 2 ,
• Ratna Patel   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-5371-7369 3 &
• Pradeep Kumar   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-4259-820X 1  

Scientific Reports volume  11 , Article number:  22841 ( 2021 ) Cite this article

12k Accesses

9 Citations

11 Altmetric

Metrics details

• Health care
• Health services
• Public health

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) poses a severe challenge to healthcare and is a significant public health issue worldwide. This study intends to examine the change in the awareness level of HIV among adolescents. Furthermore, this study examined the factors associated with the change in awareness level on HIV-related information among adolescents over the period. Data used for this study were drawn from Understanding the lives of adolescents and young adults, a longitudinal survey on adolescents aged 10–19 in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. The present study utilized a sample of 4421 and 7587 unmarried adolescent boys and girls, respectively aged 10–19 years in wave-1 and wave-2. Descriptive analysis and t-test and proportion test were done to observe changes in certain selected variables from wave-1 (2015–2016) to wave-2 (2018–2019). Moreover, random effect regression analysis was used to estimate the association of change in HIV awareness among unmarried adolescents with household and individual factors. The percentage of adolescent boys who had awareness regarding HIV increased from 38.6% in wave-1 to 59.9% in wave-2. Among adolescent girls, the percentage increased from 30.2 to 39.1% between wave-1 & wave-2. With the increase in age and years of schooling, the HIV awareness increased among adolescent boys ([Coef: 0.05; p  < 0.01] and [Coef: 0.04; p  < 0.01]) and girls ([Coef: 0.03; p  < 0.01] and [Coef: 0.04; p  < 0.01]), respectively. The adolescent boys [Coef: 0.06; p  < 0.05] and girls [Coef: 0.03; p  < 0.05] who had any mass media exposure were more likely to have an awareness of HIV. Adolescent boys' paid work status was inversely associated with HIV awareness [Coef: − 0.01; p  < 0.10]. Use of internet among adolescent boys [Coef: 0.18; p  < 0.01] and girls [Coef: 0.14; p  < 0.01] was positively associated with HIV awareness with reference to their counterparts. There is a need to intensify efforts in ensuring that information regarding HIV should reach vulnerable sub-groups, as outlined in this study. It is important to mobilize the available resources to target the less educated and poor adolescents, focusing on rural adolescents.

Similar content being viewed by others

Predictors of never testing for HIV among sexually active individuals aged 15–56 years in Rwanda

Awareness and use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and factors associated with awareness among MSM in Beijing, China

Identification of adolescent girls and young women for targeted HIV prevention: a new risk scoring tool in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa

Introduction.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) poses a severe challenge to healthcare and is a significant public health issue worldwide. So far, HIV has claimed almost 33 million lives; however, off lately, increasing access to HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and care has enabled people living with HIV to lead a long and healthy life 1 . By the end of 2019, an estimated 38 million people were living with HIV 1 . More so, new infections fell by 39 percent, and HIV-related deaths fell by almost 51 percent between 2000 and 2019 1 . Despite all the positive news related to HIV, the success story is not the same everywhere; HIV varies between region, country, and population, where not everyone is able to access HIV testing and treatment and care 1 . HIV/AIDS holds back economic growth by destroying human capital by predominantly affecting adolescents and young adults 2 .

There are nearly 1.2 billion adolescents (10–19 years) worldwide, which constitute 18 percent of the world’s population, and in some countries, adolescents make up as much as one-fourth of the population 3 . In India, adolescents comprise more than one-fifth (21.8%) of the total population 4 . Despite a decline projection for the adolescent population in India 5 , there is a critical need to hold adolescents as adolescence is characterized as a period when peer victimization/pressure on psychosocial development is noteworthy 6 . Peer victimization/pressure is further linked to risky sexual behaviours among adolescents 7 , 8 . A higher proportion of low literacy in the Indian population leads to a low level of awareness of HIV/AIDS 9 . Furthermore, the awareness of HIV among adolescents is quite alarming 10 , 11 , 12 .

Unfortunately, there is a shortage of evidence on what predicts awareness of HIV among adolescents. Almost all the research in India is based on beliefs, attitudes, and awareness of HIV among adolescents 2 , 12 . However, few other studies worldwide have examined mass media as a strong predictor of HIV awareness among adolescents 13 . Mass media is an effective channel to increase an individuals’ knowledge about sexual health and improve understanding of facilities related to HIV prevention 14 , 15 . Various studies have outlined other factors associated with the increasing awareness of HIV among adolescents, including; age 16 , 17 , 18 , occupation 18 , education 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , sex 16 , place of residence 16 , marital status 16 , and household wealth index 16 .

Several community-based studies have examined awareness of HIV among Indian adolescents 2 , 10 , 12 , 20 , 21 , 22 . However, studies investigating awareness of HIV among adolescents in a larger sample size remained elusive to date, courtesy of the unavailability of relevant data. Furthermore, no study in India had ever examined awareness of HIV among adolescents utilizing information on longitudinal data. To the author’s best knowledge, this is the first study in the Indian context with a large sample size that examines awareness of HIV among adolescents and combines information from a longitudinal survey. Therefore, this study intends to examine the change in the awareness level of HIV among adolescents. Furthermore, this study examined the factors associated with a change in awareness level on HIV-related information among adolescents over the period.

Data and methods

Data used for this study were drawn from Understanding the lives of adolescents and young adults (UDAYA), a longitudinal survey on adolescents aged 10–19 in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh 23 . The first wave was conducted in 2015–2016, and the follow-up survey was conducted after three years in 2018–2019 23 . The survey provides the estimates for state and the sample of unmarried boys and girls aged 10–19 and married girls aged 15–19. The study adopted a systematic, multi-stage stratified sampling design to draw sample areas independently for rural and urban areas. 150 primary sampling units (PSUs)—villages in rural areas and census wards in urban areas—were selected in each state, using the 2011 census list of villages and wards as the sampling frame. In each primary sampling unit (PSU), households to be interviewed were selected by systematic sampling. More details about the study design and sampling procedure have been published elsewhere 23 . Written consent was obtained from the respondents in both waves. In wave 1 (2015–2016), 20,594 adolescents were interviewed using the structured questionnaire with a response rate of 92%.

Moreover, in wave 2 (2018–2019), the study interviewed the participants who were successfully interviewed in 2015–2016 and who consented to be re-interviewed 23 . Of the 20,594 eligible for the re-interview, the survey re-interviewed 4567 boys and 12,251 girls (married and unmarried). After excluding the respondents who gave an inconsistent response to age and education at the follow-up survey (3%), the final follow-up sample covered 4428 boys and 11,864 girls with the follow-up rate of 74% for boys and 81% for girls. The effective sample size for the present study was 4421 unmarried adolescent boys aged 10–19 years in wave-1 and wave-2. Additionally, 7587 unmarried adolescent girls aged 10–19 years were interviewed in wave-1 and wave-2 23 . The cases whose follow-up was lost were excluded from the sample to strongly balance the dataset and set it for longitudinal analysis using xtset command in STATA 15. The survey questionnaire is available at https://dataverse.harvard.edu/file.xhtml?fileId=4163718&version=2.0 & https://dataverse.harvard.edu/file.xhtml?fileId=4163720&version=2.0 .

Outcome variable

HIV awareness was the outcome variable for this study, which is dichotomous. The question was asked to the adolescents ‘Have you heard of HIV/AIDS?’ The response was recorded as yes and no.

Exposure variables

The predictors for this study were selected based on previous literature. These were age (10–19 years at wave 1, continuous variable), schooling (continuous), any mass media exposure (no and yes), paid work in the last 12 months (no and yes), internet use (no and yes), wealth index (poorest, poorer, middle, richer, and richest), religion (Hindu and Non-Hindu), caste (Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe, Other Backward Class, and others), place of residence (urban and rural), and states (Uttar Pradesh and Bihar).

Exposure to mass media (how often they read newspapers, listened to the radio, and watched television; responses on the frequencies were: almost every day, at least once a week, at least once a month, rarely or not at all; adolescents were considered to have any exposure to mass media if they had exposure to any of these sources and as having no exposure if they responded with ‘not at all’ for all three sources of media) 24 . Household wealth index based on ownership of selected durable goods and amenities with possible scores ranging from 0 to 57; households were then divided into quintiles, with the first quintile representing households of the poorest wealth status and the fifth quintile representing households with the wealthiest status 25 .

Statistical analysis

Descriptive analysis was done to observe the characteristics of unmarried adolescent boys and girls at wave-1 (2015–2016). In addition, the changes in certain selected variables were observed from wave-1 (2015–2016) to wave-2 (2018–2019), and the significance was tested using t-test and proportion test 26 , 27 . Moreover, random effect regression analysis 28 , 29 was used to estimate the association of change in HIV awareness among unmarried adolescents with household factors and individual factors. The random effect model has a specific benefit for the present paper's analysis: its ability to estimate the effect of any variable that does not vary within clusters, which holds for household variables, e.g., wealth status, which is assumed to be constant for wave-1 and wave-2 30 .

Table 1 represents the socio-economic profile of adolescent boys and girls. The estimates are from the baseline dataset, and it was assumed that none of the household characteristics changed over time among adolescent boys and girls.

Figure  1 represents the change in HIV awareness among adolescent boys and girls. The percentage of adolescent boys who had awareness regarding HIV increased from 38.6% in wave-1 to 59.9% in wave-2. Among adolescent girls, the percentage increased from 30.2% in wave-1 to 39.1% in wave-2.

The percenate of HIV awareness among adolescent boys and girls, wave-1 (2015–2016) and wave-2 (2018–2019).

Table 2 represents the summary statistics for explanatory variables used in the analysis of UDAYA wave-1 and wave-2. The exposure to mass media is almost universal for adolescent boys, while for adolescent girls, it increases to 93% in wave-2 from 89.8% in wave-1. About 35.3% of adolescent boys were engaged in paid work during wave-1, whereas in wave-II, the share dropped to 33.5%, while in the case of adolescent girls, the estimates are almost unchanged. In wave-1, about 27.8% of adolescent boys were using the internet, while in wave-2, there is a steep increase of nearly 46.2%. Similarly, in adolescent girls, the use of the internet increased from 7.6% in wave-1 to 39.3% in wave-2.

Table 3 represents the estimates from random effects for awareness of HIV among adolescent boys and girls. It was found that with the increases in age and years of schooling the HIV awareness increased among adolescent boys ([Coef: 0.05; p  < 0.01] and [Coef: 0.04; p  < 0.01]) and girls ([Coef: 0.03; p  < 0.01] and [Coef: 0.04; p  < 0.01]), respectively. The adolescent boys [Coef: 0.06; p  < 0.05] and girls [Coef: 0.03; p  < 0.05] who had any mass media exposure were more likely to have an awareness of HIV in comparison to those who had no exposure to mass media. Adolescent boys' paid work status was inversely associated with HIV awareness about adolescent boys who did not do paid work [Coef: − 0.01; p  < 0.10]. Use of the internet among adolescent boys [Coef: 0.18; p  < 0.01] and girls [Coef: 0.14; p  < 0.01] was positively associated with HIV awareness in reference to their counterparts.

The awareness regarding HIV increases with the increase in household wealth index among both adolescent boys and girls. The adolescent girls from the non-Hindu household had a lower likelihood to be aware of HIV in reference to adolescent girls from Hindu households [Coef: − 0.09; p  < 0.01]. Adolescent girls from non-SC/ST households had a higher likelihood of being aware of HIV in reference to adolescent girls from other caste households [Coef: 0.04; p  < 0.01]. Adolescent boys [Coef: − 0.03; p  < 0.01] and girls [Coef: − 0.09; p  < 0.01] from a rural place of residence had a lower likelihood to be aware about HIV in reference to those from the urban place of residence. Adolescent boys [Coef: 0.04; p  < 0.01] and girls [Coef: 0.02; p  < 0.01] from Bihar had a higher likelihood to be aware about HIV in reference to those from Uttar Pradesh.

This is the first study of its kind to address awareness of HIV among adolescents utilizing longitudinal data in two indian states. Our study demonstrated that the awareness of HIV has increased over the period; however, it was more prominent among adolescent boys than in adolescent girls. Overall, the knowledge on HIV was relatively low, even during wave-II. Almost three-fifths (59.9%) of the boys and two-fifths (39.1%) of the girls were aware of HIV. The prevalence of awareness on HIV among adolescents in this study was lower than almost all of the community-based studies conducted in India 10 , 11 , 22 . A study conducted in slums in Delhi has found almost similar prevalence (40% compared to 39.1% during wave-II in this study) of awareness of HIV among adolescent girls 31 . The difference in prevalence could be attributed to the difference in methodology, study population, and study area.

The study found that the awareness of HIV among adolescent boys has increased from 38.6 percent in wave-I to 59.9 percent in wave-II; similarly, only 30.2 percent of the girls had an awareness of HIV during wave-I, which had increased to 39.1 percent. Several previous studies corroborated the finding and noticed a higher prevalence of awareness on HIV among adolescent boys than in adolescent girls 16 , 32 , 33 , 34 . However, a study conducted in a different setting noticed a higher awareness among girls than in boys 35 . Also, a study in the Indian context failed to notice any statistical differences in HIV knowledge between boys and girls 18 . Gender seems to be one of the significant determinants of comprehensive knowledge of HIV among adolescents. There is a wide gap in educational attainment among male and female adolescents, which could be attributed to lower awareness of HIV among girls in this study. Higher peer victimization among adolescent boys could be another reason for higher awareness of HIV among them 36 . Also, cultural double standards placed on males and females that encourage males to discuss HIV/AIDS and related sexual matters more openly and discourage or even restrict females from discussing sexual-related issues could be another pertinent factor of higher awareness among male adolescents 33 . Behavioural interventions among girls could be an effective way to improving knowledge HIV related information, as seen in previous study 37 . Furthermore, strengthening school-community accountability for girls' education would augment school retention among girls and deliver HIV awareness to girls 38 .

Similar to other studies 2 , 10 , 17 , 18 , 39 , 40 , 41 , age was another significant determinant observed in this study. Increasing age could be attributed to higher education which could explain better awareness with increasing age. As in other studies 18 , 39 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , education was noted as a significant driver of awareness of HIV among adolescents in this study. Higher education might be associated with increased probability of mass media and internet exposure leading to higher awareness of HIV among adolescents. A study noted that school is one of the important factors in raising the awareness of HIV among adolescents, which could be linked to higher awareness among those with higher education 47 , 48 . Also, schooling provides adolescents an opportunity to improve their social capital, leading to increased awareness of HIV.

Following previous studies 18 , 40 , 46 , the current study also outlines a higher awareness among urban adolescents than their rural counterparts. One plausible reason for lower awareness among adolescents in rural areas could be limited access to HIV prevention information 16 . Moreover, rural–urban differences in awareness of HIV could also be due to differences in schooling, exposure to mass media, and wealth 44 , 45 . The household's wealth status was also noted as a significant predictor of awareness of HIV among adolescents. Corroborating with previous findings 16 , 33 , 42 , 49 , this study reported a higher awareness among adolescents from richer households than their counterparts from poor households. This could be because wealthier families can afford mass-media items like televisions and radios for their children, which, in turn, improves awareness of HIV among adolescents 33 .

Exposure to mass media and internet access were also significant predictors of higher awareness of HIV among adolescents. This finding agrees with several previous research, and almost all the research found a positive relationship between mass-media exposure and awareness of HIV among adolescents 10 . Mass media addresses such topics more openly and in a way that could attract adolescents’ attention is the plausible reason for higher awareness of HIV among those having access to mass media and the internet 33 . Improving mass media and internet usage, specifically among rural and uneducated masses, would bring required changes. Integrating sexual education into school curricula would be an important means of imparting awareness on HIV among adolescents; however, this is debatable as to which standard to include the required sexual education in the Indian schooling system. Glick (2009) thinks that the syllabus on sexual education might be included during secondary schooling 44 . Another study in the Indian context confirms the need for sex education for adolescents 50 , 51 .

Limitations and strengths of the study

The study has several limitations. At first, the awareness of HIV was measured with one question only. Given that no study has examined awareness of HIV among adolescents using longitudinal data, this limitation is not a concern. Second, the study findings cannot be generalized to the whole Indian population as the study was conducted in only two states of India. However, the two states selected in this study (Uttar Pradesh and Bihar) constitute almost one-fourth of India’s total population. Thirdly, the estimates were provided separately for boys and girls and could not be presented combined. However, the data is designed to provide estimates separately for girls and boys. The data had information on unmarried boys and girls and married girls; however, data did not collect information on married boys. Fourthly, the study estimates might have been affected by the recall bias. Since HIV is a sensitive topic, the possibility of respondents modifying their responses could not be ruled out. Hawthorne effect, respondents, modifying aspect of their behaviour in response, has a role to play in HIV related study 52 . Despite several limitations, the study has specific strengths too. This is the first study examining awareness of HIV among adolescent boys and girls utilizing longitudinal data. The study was conducted with a large sample size as several previous studies were conducted in a community setting with a minimal sample size 10 , 12 , 18 , 20 , 53 .

The study noted a higher awareness among adolescent boys than in adolescent girls. Specific predictors of high awareness were also noted in the study, including; higher age, higher education, exposure to mass media, internet use, household wealth, and urban residence. Based on the study findings, this study has specific suggestions to improve awareness of HIV among adolescents. There is a need to intensify efforts in ensuring that information regarding HIV should reach vulnerable sub-groups as outlined in this study. It is important to mobilize the available resources to target the less educated and poor adolescents, focusing on rural adolescents. Investment in education will help, but it would be a long-term solution; therefore, public information campaigns could be more useful in the short term.

WHO. HIV/AIDS . https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids (2020).

Singh, A. & Jain, S. Awareness of HIV/AIDS among school adolescents in Banaskantha district of Gujarat. Health Popul.: Perspect. Issues 32 , 59–65 (2009).

Google Scholar  

WHO & UNICEF. adolescents Health: The Missing Population in Universal Health Coverage . 1–31 https://www.google.com/search?q=adolescents+population+WHO+report&rlz=1C1CHBF_enIN904IN904&oq=adolescents+population+WHO+report&aqs=chrome..69i57.7888j1j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 (2018).

Chauhan, S. & Arokiasamy, P. India’s demographic dividend: state-wise perspective. J. Soc. Econ. Dev. 20 , 1–23 (2018).

Tiwari, A. K., Singh, B. P. & Patel, V. Population projection of India: an application of dynamic demographic projection model. JCR 7 , 547–555 (2020).

Troop-Gordon, W. Peer victimization in adolescence: the nature, progression, and consequences of being bullied within a developmental context. J. Adolesc. 55 , 116–128 (2017).

PubMed   Google Scholar  

Dermody, S. S., Friedman, M., Chisolm, D. J., Burton, C. M. & Marshal, M. P. Elevated risky sexual behaviors among sexual minority girls: indirect risk pathways through peer victimization and heavy drinking. J. Interpers. Violence 35 , 2236–2253 (2020).

Lee, R. L. T., Loke, A. Y., Hung, T. T. M. & Sobel, H. A systematic review on identifying risk factors associated with early sexual debut and coerced sex among adolescents and young people in communities. J. Clin. Nurs. 27 , 478–501 (2018).

Gurram, S. & Bollampalli, B. A study on awareness of human immunodeficiency virus among adolescent girls in urban and rural field practice areas of Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. (2020).

Jain, R., Anand, P., Dhyani, A. & Bansal, D. Knowledge and awareness regarding menstruation and HIV/AIDS among schoolgoing adolescent girls. J. Fam. Med. Prim Care 6 , 47–51 (2017).

Kawale, S., Sharma, V., Thaware, P. & Mohankar, A. A study to assess awareness about HIV/AIDS among rural population of central India. Int. J. Commun. Med. Public Health 5 , 373–376 (2017).

Lal, P., Nath, A., Badhan, S. & Ingle, G. K. A study of awareness about HIV/AIDS among senior secondary school Children of Delhi. Indian J. Commun. Med. 33 , 190–192 (2008).

CAS   Google Scholar  

Bago, J.-L. & Lompo, M. L. Exploring the linkage between exposure to mass media and HIV awareness among adolescents in Uganda. Sex. Reprod. Healthcare 21 , 1–8 (2019).

McCombie, S., Hornik, R. C. & Anarfi, J. K. Effects of a mass media campaign to prevent AIDS among young people in Ghana . Public Health Commun. 163–178 (Routledge, 2002). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410603029-17 .

Sano, Y. et al. Exploring the linkage between exposure to mass media and HIV testing among married women and men in Ghana. AIDS Care 28 , 684–688 (2016).

Oginni, A. B., Adebajo, S. B. & Ahonsi, B. A. Trends and determinants of comprehensive knowledge of HIV among adolescents and young adults in Nigeria: 2003–2013. Afr. J. Reprod. Health 21 , 26–34 (2017).

Rahman, M. M., Kabir, M. & Shahidullah, M. Adolescent knowledge and awareness about AIDS/HIV and factors affecting them in Bangladesh. J. Ayub. Med. Coll. Abbottabad 21 , 3–6 (2009).

Yadav, S. B., Makwana, N. R., Vadera, B. N., Dhaduk, K. M. & Gandha, K. M. Awareness of HIV/AIDS among rural youth in India: a community based cross-sectional study. J. Infect. Dev. Countries 5 , 711–716 (2011).

Alhasawi, A. et al. Assessing HIV/AIDS knowledge, awareness, and attitudes among senior high school students in Kuwait. MPP 28 , 470–476 (2019).

Chakrovarty, A. et al. A study of awareness on HIV/AIDS among higher secondary school students in Central Kolkata. Indian J. Commun. Med. 32 , 228 (2007).

Katoch, D. K. S. & Kumar, A. HIV/AIDS awareness among students of tribal and non-tribal area of Himachal Pradesh. J. Educ. 5 , 1–9 (2017).

Shinde, M., Trivedi, A., Shinde, A. & Mishra, S. A study of awareness regarding HIV/AIDS among secondary school students. Int. J. Commun. Med. Public Health https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20161611 (2016).

Article   Google Scholar  

Council, P. UDAYA, adolescent survey, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, 2015–16. Harvard Dataverse https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/RRXQNT (2018).

Kumar, P. & Dhillon, P. Household- and community-level determinants of low-risk Caesarean deliveries among women in India. J. Biosoc. Sci. 53 , 55–70 (2021).

Patel, S. K., Santhya, K. G. & Haberland, N. What shapes gender attitudes among adolescent girls and boys? Evidence from the UDAYA Longitudinal Study in India. PLoS ONE 16 , e0248766 (2021).

CAS   PubMed   PubMed Central   Google Scholar  

Fan, C., Wang, L. & Wei, L. Comparing two tests for two rates. Am. Stat. 71 , 275–281 (2017).

MathSciNet   Google Scholar  

Kim, T. K. T test as a parametric statistic. Korean J. Anesthesiol. 68 , 540–546 (2015).

PubMed   PubMed Central   Google Scholar  

Bell, A., Fairbrother, M. & Jones, K. Fixed and random effects models: making an informed choice. Qual. Quant. 53 , 1051–1074 (2019).

Jarrett, R., Farewell, V. & Herzberg, A. Random effects models for complex designs. Stat. Methods Med. Res. 29 , 3695–3706 (2020).

MathSciNet   CAS   PubMed   PubMed Central   Google Scholar  

Neuhaus, J. M. & Kalbfleisch, J. D. Between- and within-cluster covariate effects in the analysis of clustered data. Biometrics 54 , 638–645 (1998).

CAS   PubMed   MATH   Google Scholar  

Kaur, G. Factors influencing HIV awareness amongst adolescent women: a study of slums in Delhi. Demogr. India 47 , 100–111 (2018).

Alene, G. D., Wheeler, J. G. & Grosskurth, H. Adolescent reproductive health and awareness of HIV among rural high school students, North Western Ethiopia. AIDS Care 16 , 57–68 (2004).

CAS   PubMed   Google Scholar  

Oljira, L., Berhane, Y. & Worku, A. Assessment of comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge level among in-school adolescents in eastern Ethiopia. J. Int. AIDS Soc. 16 , 17349 (2013).

Samkange-Zeeb, F. N., Spallek, L. & Zeeb, H. Awareness and knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among school-going adolescents in Europe: a systematic review of published literature. BMC Public Health 11 , 727 (2011).

Laguna, E. P. Knowledge of HIV/AIDS and unsafe sex practices among Filipino youth. in 15 (PAA, 2004).

Teitelman, A. M. et al. Partner violence, power, and gender differences in South African adolescents’ HIV/sexually transmitted infections risk behaviors. Health Psychol. 35 , 751–760 (2016).

Oberth, G. et al. Effectiveness of the Sista2Sista programme in improving HIV and other sexual and reproductive health outcomes among vulnerable adolescent girls and young women in Zimbabwe. Afr. J. AIDS Res. 20 , 158–164 (2021).

DeSoto, J. et al. Using school-based early warning systems as a social and behavioral approach for HIV prevention among adolescent girls. Preventing HIV Among Young People in Southern and Eastern Africa 280 (2020).

Ochako, R., Ulwodi, D., Njagi, P., Kimetu, S. & Onyango, A. Trends and determinants of Comprehensive HIV and AIDS knowledge among urban young women in Kenya. AIDS Res. Ther. 8 , 11 (2011).

Peltzer, K. & Supa, P. HIV/AIDS knowledge and sexual behavior among junior secondary school students in South Africa. J. Soc. Sci. 1 , 1–8 (2005).

Shweta, C., Mundkur, S. & Chaitanya, V. Knowledge and beliefs about HIV/AIDS among adolescents. WebMed Cent. 2 , 1–9 (2011).

Anwar, M., Sulaiman, S. A. S., Ahmadi, K. & Khan, T. M. Awareness of school students on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and their sexual behavior: a cross-sectional study conducted in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. BMC Public Health 10 , 47 (2010).

Cicciò, L. & Sera, D. Assessing the knowledge and behavior towards HIV/AIDS among youth in Northern Uganda: a cross-sectional survey. Giornale Italiano di Medicina Tropicale 15 , 29–34 (2010).

Glick, P., Randriamamonjy, J. & Sahn, D. E. Determinants of HIV knowledge and condom use among women in madagascar: an analysis using matched household and community data. Afr. Dev. Rev. 21 , 147–179 (2009).

Rahman, M. Determinants of knowledge and awareness about AIDS: Urban-rural differentials in Bangladesh. JPHE 1 , 014–021 (2009).

Siziya, S., Muula, A. S. & Rudatsikira, E. HIV and AIDS-related knowledge among women in Iraq. BMC. Res. Notes 1 , 123 (2008).

Gao, X. et al. Effectiveness of school-based education on HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitude, and behavior among secondary school students in Wuhan, China. PLoS ONE 7 , e44881 (2012).

ADS   CAS   PubMed   PubMed Central   Google Scholar  

Kotecha, P. V. et al. Reproductive health awareness among urban school going adolescents in Vadodara city. Indian J. Psychiatry 54 , 344–348 (2012).

Dimbuene, T. Z. & Defo, K. B. Fostering accurate HIV/AIDS knowledge among unmarried youths in Cameroon: do family environment and peers matter?. BMC Public Health 11 , 348 (2011).

Kumar, R. et al. Knowledge attitude and perception of sex education among school going adolescents in Ambala District, Haryana, India: a cross-sectional study. J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 11 , LC01–LC04 (2017).

ADS   PubMed   PubMed Central   Google Scholar  

Tripathi, N. & Sekher, T. V. Youth in India ready for sex education? Emerging evidence from national surveys. PLoS ONE 8 , e71584 (2013).

Rosenberg, M. et al. Evidence for sample selection effect and Hawthorne effect in behavioural HIV prevention trial among young women in a rural South African community. BMJ Open 8 , e019167 (2018).

Gupta, P., Anjum, F., Bhardwaj, P., Srivastav, J. & Zaidi, Z. H. Knowledge about HIV/AIDS among secondary school students. N. Am. J. Med. Sci. 5 , 119–123 (2013).

Download references

This paper was written using data collected as part of Population Council’s UDAYA study, which is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. No additional funds were received for the preparation of the paper.

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

Ph.D. Research Scholar, Department of Survey Research & Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India

Shobhit Srivastava & Pradeep Kumar

Ph.D. Research Scholar, Department of Family and Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India

Shekhar Chauhan

Ph.D. Research Scholar, Department of Public Health and Mortality Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India

Ratna Patel

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Contributions

Conception and design of the study: S.S. and P.K.; analysis and/or interpretation of data: P.K. and S.S.; drafting the manuscript: S.C., and R.P.; reading and approving the manuscript: S.S., P.K., S.C. and R.P.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pradeep Kumar .

Ethics declarations

Competing interests.

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's note.

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ .

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article.

Srivastava, S., Chauhan, S., Patel, R. et al. A study of awareness on HIV/AIDS among adolescents: A Longitudinal Study on UDAYA data. Sci Rep 11 , 22841 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02090-9

Download citation

Received : 05 June 2021

Accepted : 29 September 2021

Published : 24 November 2021

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02090-9

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines . If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.

Quick links

• Explore articles by subject
• Guide to authors
• Editorial policies

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

• Theses & Dissertations

• Organizational Chart
• Epi EDI Committee
• Strategic Plan
• Master of Public Health
• Master of Science
• Doctor of Philosophy
• Concurrent Degrees
• Graduate Certificates
• MPH Eligibility and Application Requirements
• MS Eligibility and Application Requirements
• PhD Eligibility and Application Requirements
• Non-Matriculated Applicants
• Student Life
• Undergraduate Course Listings
• Graduate Course Listings
• Registration FAQs
• Technology Requirements
• Add My Student Profile
• Student Opportunities
• Epi Student Spaces
• Fiscal Resources
• Student Canvas Site
• Research Areas
• Centers & Research Units
• Partnerships
• Community-Engaged Research
• Our Graduates
• Stay Connected
• Make a Gift
• In the News
• Epi Stories
• Epi Seminar
• Opportunities
• Epi Newsletters Submission Guide
• Curriculum Resources
• Faculty Resources
• > Reimbursement Form
• > Purchasing Form
• Health and Safety Resources
• IT Resources
• Working at HRC
• Equipment Inventory Policy
• Staff Resources

Filter Theses/Dissertations:

Sph soulcatcher, connect with us:.

© 2024 University of Washington | Seattle, WA

Master of Public Health

A thesis is a substantive and original body of work that allows the student to synthesize and integrate knowledge from their public health course work and practicum experiences, apply it to a particular topic area, and communicate their ideas and findings through a scholarly written product. The thesis represents the culmination of the student’s educational experience in the Vanderbilt MPH Program.

The thesis may take on different formats, depending on the student’s track focus and interests. Regardless of the format chosen, the student must apply critical thought, systematic analysis, and clear presentation.

Each student is responsible for identifying a topic and appropriate format for their thesis with the assistance and guidance of faculty advisers and faculty thesis readers.

The practicum product must be distinct from the thesis. Although the practicum and thesis can be related, the student must be able to articulate how the two projects are independent from one another. The practicum is a practice experience that allows students to apply and develop skills in public health concepts. The thesis is the synthesis and integration of knowledge acquired in coursework and through the practicum and results in an original scholarly work.

View selection of published theses

Additionally, students have the option to pursue publishing their thesis products in scholarly journals.

2024 Thesis Topics

2023 Thesis Topics

2022 Thesis Topics

2021 Thesis Topics

2020 Thesis Topics

2019 Thesis Topics

2018 Thesis Topics

2017 Thesis Topics

2016 Thesis Topics

2015 Thesis Topics

2014 Thesis Topics

2013 Thesis Topics

2012 Thesis Topics

• About the School
• Quick Facts
• Administration
• Basic Sciences
• A-Z Directory
• Contact Information
• Campus Maps & Parking

• Current Students
• Basic Sciences Faculty Affairs
• Clinical Faculty Affairs
• Eskind Biomedical Library
• People Finder

Custom Essay, Term Paper & Research paper writing services

• testimonials

Toll Free: +1 (888) 354-4744

Email: [email protected]

Writing custom essays & research papers since 2008

How to write a hiv research paper.

Writing an HIV research paper requires extensive research and understanding of the available data. HIV/AIDS is among the most challenging diseases that humankind has ever faced. When pursuing medical studies, a student will most likely be asked to write a research paper about aids. That’s because educators want learners to understand different aspects of this disease and some of the ways to resolve them.

Researching and writing about HIV/AIDS is not easy. A learner has to search books, journals, and magazines that publish content about the disease to get a paper written . A student has to study the available information thoroughly and analyze it before writing an HIV AIDS research paper. And this is not easy because students have lectures to attend and other assignments to complete while writing research papers.

Why Write an HIV Research Paper

Preparation for writing an hiv research paper, how to write a research paper on hiv, topics for hiv papers.

But, research alone is not enough. Learners should also be persuasive in their writing for their papers to stand out and earn them the top grades. Ideally, a learner should present ideas in a way that convinces the reader that they engaged in a thorough research process before composing the paper. If struggling to compose a strong HIV and AIDS research paper, this guide comprises relevant topics and tips that should guide you.

HIV/AIDS is a preventable disease. When implemented properly, prevention intervention can reduce the transmission of this disease. What’s more, people infected with HIV/AIDS can make behavioral changes and improve their health. Such changes can also reduce the risk of infecting others with the disease.

• When a student engages in research and then writes a paper on HIV AIDS, they learn such aspects of this disease. Ideally, this academic task equips the learner with the knowledge and information required to guide and help people avoid this disease. It also enables them to counsel those living with HIV to lead better lives without transmitting the disease to other people.
• A student will most likely be required to write a research paper about AIDS and HIV when pursuing medical or social science studies. That’s because they will most likely meet people living with the disease or at a higher risk of infection once they venture into the job market. As such, such people will play a significant role in increasing awareness of the disease once they start working. Some individuals are already working while pursuing their studies. Therefore, this assignment equips them with relevant knowledge that they can apply every day at their workplaces.

The reason you’re reading this article is probably that you’ve been assigned a research paper about HIV. However, you don’t know how to complete this task or even where to start. Although you may find a lot of information on this subject online, there are hardly any guides for writing a research paper about it.

To compose a great AIDS research paper, you need to prepare adequately. Here are the three steps to follow when preparing to write an HIV essay paper.

• Choose a topic : You’re supposed to write about HIV/AIDS. However, there are many aspects of this disease that you can write about. Therefore, start by selecting a topic for your research paper. For instance, you can write about the effects of HIV on specific demographics. You can also write about the changes the fight against HIV/AIDS has undergone over the years. Ideally, pick a topic you will be comfortable researching and writing about. Also, make sure that your topic is not too narrow or too broad. That’s because an extremely narrow topic will limit you when it comes to the information you can include in your paper. A broader topic will seem shallow because you won’t cover every aspect of it in your paper.
• Compose a thesis statement : A thesis statement for HIV paper should tell the audience what the paper is about. Your reader should know what to expect in the rest of the paper after reading it in the introduction. Therefore, come up with a clear thesis statement that captures the main theme or idea of your paper. You should compose a thesis statement after conducting preliminary research about your topic.
• Draft an outline : An HIV paper outline is the skeleton of the entire paper. It shows where the information gathered through research will appear in the paper. Ideally, an outline should help with the organization of your ideas and information in the research paper.

Once you’ve chosen a topic, composed a thesis statement, and outlined your paper, you can now proceed to actual writing.

When writing your research paper, focus on answering the questions that the audience might have after reading your topic. To do this, follow these steps when writing a research paper on HIV AIDS.

• Research your topic extensively : You can find many online sources, journals, books, and magazines with information about HIV/AIDS. Composing a great paper requires you to research your topic extensively. If you’re writing a concept paper on HIV AIDS, ensure that your message comes out. For instance, you can expound on the epidemiological landscape of the disease. This includes the challenges and history of HIV prevention. After research and learning all you can about the topic, analyze your information and then come up with the main points to present in your paper.
• Write the introduction : Start by introducing your topic to the audience. Tell them why you chose this particular topic and why it’s worth exploring. Your intro to a paper about HIV can also provide background information. For instance, you can provide statistics that show the impact of the disease on a specific demographic group. Use a relevant hook in the introduction to capture the audiences’ attention and make them want to read the rest of the paper. Also, include your thesis statement in the introduction. That way, your audience will know what your paper is about after reading the introduction. They also decide whether to read the entire paper or some of its sections.
• Write the body : The body of a research paper on AIDS is where you expound on your main points. For instance, if you want to write about HIV prevention, you can expound on the major prevention measures. Tell your readers what every prevention measure entails and how effective it is. You can include statistics to support your point. Present every point in its paragraph and support it with relevant information.
• Write the conclusion : Compose a conclusion for your AIDS paper by wrapping up your argument nicely. Remind the audience what you set out to do by restating your thesis statement and then show them how you’ve accomplished your mission. You can also leave the audience with something to think about or suggest ideas for further research on your topic.

Writing your paper will be relatively easy if you follow these steps. However, you should pick a good title for AIDS research paper because this will dictate the direction of your research and writing process.

As hinted, choosing the right topic is very crucial because the title of your paper will influence the direction of your research and writing process. HIV/AIDS is a broad subject with many health research topics that learners can research and write about. Here are sample topics to consider when writing a paper about HIV/AIDS.

• How the AIDS virus affects the human immune systems
• How HIV/AIDS compares to most diseases affecting the human DNA
• The most effective methods for curbing the spread of HIV
• The origin of the AIDS pandemic
• Is AIDS a pandemic or epidemic disease?
• Countries with the highest cases of HIV/AIDS and why
• Common myths about HIV/AIDS
• Effects of stigmatization of the people living with HIV/AIDS
• How governments help HIV/AIDS patients
• Why pregnant women undergo HIV/AIDS testing
• How ignorance contributes to the stigmatization of HIV/AIDS patients
• Strides made by medical researchers towards the prevention and possible cure of HIV/AIDS
• How misconception of HIV patients affect their lives
• Common stereotypes about HIV patients in movies
• Factors that accelerate the spread of HIV in developing countries
• How a person’s sexual behavior influence their risk of contracting HIV
• How the struggles of men and women with HIV compare
• Why the world has a hard time preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS among teenagers
• HIV prevention measures- How they compare between the UK and the US
• Common opportunistic illnesses among people with HIV/AIDs

Whether you choose to write an HIV reflection paper or HIV AIDS reaction paper, take your time to conduct extensive research and analyze your information. Also, list down all your sources when researching your topic because you will need them when composing the reference section of the paper. If possible, include in-text citations to help your readers engage in further reading. This will help readers that are interested in a specific aspect of your topic. Also, take your time to research your topic and analyze information before composing your HIV research paper thesis. That way, you will come up with a statement that will reflect what your paper will cover.

• Bibliography
• More Referencing guides Blog Automated transliteration Relevant bibliographies by topics
• Automated transliteration
• Relevant bibliographies by topics
• Referencing guides

Topics that Interested HIV.gov Blog Readers Most in 2021

• Share on Facebook
• Share on Twitter
• Share on LinkedIn
• Share on Email

As 2021 comes to an end, we looked back at the most-viewed blog posts published this year to get a sense of some of the themes that were of particular interest to readers. We published more than 263 posts in 2021 and the blog received over half a million pageviews. Below is a brief review of themes and particular posts that garnered reader interest this year.

Ending the HIV Epidemic Initiative

With its goal to end the HIV epidemic in the U.S. by 2030, the EHE initiative continues to be a topic of significant reader interest, including these 2021 posts:

• Details of President Biden’s $670 Million FY22 Budget Request for the Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S. Initiative
• Health Centers Provide HIV Services to More than 600,000 People in EHE Jurisdictions in Just 8 Months
• HHS Awards Over $48 Million to Health Centers for Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S. Initiative
• Mail Order Now an Option for Ready, Set, PrEP

More EHE information is available on HIV.gov’s pages about the initiative .

COVID and HIV

Readers continue to seek information about the ongoing and evolving COVID-19 pandemic and how it affects people with HIV, including these posts:

• What’s New in the COVID-19 and HIV Interim Guidance
• Spread the Word: People Who Are Moderately to Severely Immunocompromised Should Get an Additional Dose of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine
• NIH Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines: Important Resource for Clinicians

HIV.gov’s page on the topic, Coronavirus (COVID-19) and People with HIV , was one of the 10 most viewed pages on the site in 2021. The page is updated frequently and features information resources about COVID-19 from agencies across the federal government for people with HIV and the health care providers and organizations who work with them.

40th Anniversary of AIDS

On June 5, 2021, our nation observed the 40th anniversary of the first five case reports of what would later become known as AIDS. We shared several blog posts about this anniversary that many readers viewed:

• Statement by President Joe Biden Recognizing the 40th Year of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic
• After 40 Years of Progress, It’s Time to End the HIV Epidemic – Statement by HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra
• 40 Years of Progress – It’s Time to End the HIV Epidemic

HIV Research Developments

As in previous years, advances in HIV research was a theme of great interest to readers. These were some of the most-visited posts:

• HIV & COVID-19, Potential New HIV Prevention Tools, and More: Research Highlights from CROI 2021 (video)
• Final HIV Prevention & Treatment Research Highlights from CROI 2021 (video)
• NIH Makes Substantial New Investment in HIV Cure Research

Posts about funding opportunities and funding awards also piqued reader interest, including these:

• HUD Announces $41 Million HOPWA Funding Opportunity: Housing as an Intervention to Fight AIDS
• New HRSA HIV/AIDS Bureau Funding Opportunities Support Innovative Health Interventions and Data Capacity Building
• CDC Announces Funding Opportunity for Enhanced Surveillance of Persons with Early and Late HIV Diagnosis

Integrating Responses to the Syndemic

Readers’ interest in posts addressing the syndemic of HIV, viral hepatitis, STIs, and substance use disorder continued in 2021 with many views of these posts:

• New SAMHSA Guide Highlights HIV Prevention and Treatment for People with Substance Use and/or Mental Disorders
• CDC Releases Updated STI Treatment Guidelines
• NIH Funding Opportunity for Innovative Models of Delivering PrEP and STI Services to Stop HIV in the United States

Other very well-read posts from 2021 included: 

• White House Appoints Harold Phillips to Lead Office of National AIDS Policy
• 8 New Members Join Presidential Advisory Council on HIV/AIDS
• Two New Members Join PACHA
• I Am a Long-term Survivor of HIV
• HIV Criminalization Commentary

Several of the posts listed above, and many others not listed here, were produced in collaboration with our partners at agencies across the U.S. government or were guest posts or cross-posts from them. We're grateful for their collaboration as we work together to widely share information about the federal response to HIV in support of stakeholders in communities across the nation.

Thanks for following the HIV.gov blog this year. We look forward to continuing to share information with you in 2022. Happy New Year!

Related HIV.gov Blogs

Day 1 recap: 2024 national ryan white conference on hiv care & treatment, pacha meeting in washington, dc, explored latest national hiv data, federal hiv activities, and more, conversations from the 2024 national ryan white conference (videos).

• Anniversary Anniversary of first AIDS reports
• EHE Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S. initiative