difficulties in writing an essay research

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Research Writing Difficulties and Performance of Students in Practical Research

Using a descriptive-correlational research design, this study is an attempt to determine the relationship between the students' perception on research writing difficulties and their performance in Practical Research. Specifically, it dealt on finding the perceived writing difficulties of 80 senior high school STEM and HUMSS students with regard to the technical aspect and process of research writing through a closedended survey questionnaire; evaluating the performance of students in their actual research outputs through researcher-modified holistic and analytic rubrics; and finding the correlation between the students' perceived writing difficulties and their performance in Practical Research using Pearson ProductMoment Correlation Coefficient. The results indicate that the respondents generally agree to have been experiencing difficulties in both the technical aspect that includes research paper format and grammar and sentence construction; as well as in the process of res...

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This paper attempts to reveal the students' academic writing competence realized in writing their final project proposals. Five proposals were taken randomly as samples and the analysis was focused on the background of the study due to its significant reasons for choosing the topic. Findings show that most of the students fulfil the content of the texts but does not cover sufficient range of points and most of the texts are poorly organized; only one out of five texts is ordered logically but only some cohesive devices such as but, therefore, and however are used to connect one sentence or one paragraph to the others though they sometimes are not properly used. Besides, students also have insufficient knowledge of vocabulary and grammatical structures for they often make use of the wrong vocabulary and structures, for example the repeated use of the word English in the same paragraph instead of using pronoun it or the wrong use of reflective pronoun in the sentence of the students itself where itself should be themselves. In the sense of the appropriateness of style to the topic, text type, purpose and target reader, it shows that all of the styles of the texts are formal and appropriate. Concerning the accuracy of language or the accuracy of the texts in their use of vocabulary, grammar, discourse features, it shows that most of them made many grammatical errors and awkward syntactic constructions, such as the wrong use of pronouns, reflective pronouns, present continuous tense, possessive form, the incompatibility of the clause sentence and the wrong use of prepositions.

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This survey-correlational research was conducted to determine the levels of research, writing, and collaborative skills and research output quality of Senior High School students under the new normal, S.Y. 2020-2021. The participants of this study were sixty-three (63) Grade 12 students and five (5) Senior High School teachers involved in research advising, paneling, and teaching, who are currently enrolled and employed respectively in Ochando National High School in the District of New Washington. The research skills of the students were measured using a 42-item objective type researcher-made Research Skills Test. The writing skills were evaluated through an adapted Writing Skills Test and were graded using a 20-point adapted rubric. The collaborative skills were assessed using a 50-item adapted and modified Collaborative Skills Questionnaire. The research output quality was assessed through a 60-point researcher-made Research Output Quality Rubric. The data-gathering instruments w...

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Publishing research article into a journal has recently been an obligation for many academicians around the globe. This demanding task require proper competence of written academic discourse. This study explored the difficulties faced by the students in the process of writing and submitting their articles into journals and how their competence of academic discourse played a role in this process. The data were gathered through the questionnaire and interview of ten Indonesian master students who were selected based on their writing and submitting research paper experience. Being a qualitative study, the findings of this study are presented and discussed narratively. The findings revealed a positive view of the students’ basic competence of the written academic discourse for publication. Four difficulties were investigated as being experienced by the majority of the participants. Pedagogical implications are offered for the students for their future research publication.

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This research reviewed how research skills affect the writing results of Indonesian postgraduate students. As academics have understood it. the success of studying at the postgraduate level was closely related to the skills and abilities to research various content and contexts of the field of study. The researchers have conducted a data collection series consisting of literature searching, observation, and documentation to prove this assumption. Furthermore, data was analyzed by defining the research question, collecting answers by sharpening the correlation and comparison between the questions and answers or findings. Finally, the researchers interpret in-depth whether the findings were valid and reliable. The design used phenomenology approach. Considering the data and the analysis results, the researchers conclude that the skills and abilities to research Indonesian postgraduate students greatly influence each writing or lecture assessment's quality or outcome, including res...

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The urgency of study in students' difficulties has been described clearly by Streven in Lee & Tajino (2008) who argues that possessing the ability to identify and understand students' difficulties is a necessary condition for becoming the ideal language teacher. It suggests that teachers need to investigate their students' difficulties so they could aid their students and develop themselves as teachers. 65 In academic writing area, several previous studies involving surveys (questionnaires and interviews) and case study have revealed that students often experience difficulties in particular genres (See Abdul & Sadeq 2006, AI-Abri 2008, Bitchener & Basturkmen, Lee & Tajino, 2008, among others). Nevertheless, only a few studies include analyses of actual written work from the students. The students' performance in academic writing, in fact, shows their ability and difficulties in writing, especially to English-major ones, whose grades are largely determined by their performance in written assignments, academic reports, term examinations and graduation theses. Therefore, although teachers' and learners' views are insightful, analyses of students' performance in written work will provide an additional dimension to this work, and should clearly be part of any research of this kind of studies (AI-Abri, 2008:7). Hence, this paper will report on a small part of the results of a study in attempting to identify students' ability and difficulties in writing a research proposal in a state university in Indonesia. The paper will centre on the students' ability and difficulties in writing an Introduction chapter. Applying genre analysis, the study has discovered not only the students' ability and their difficulties, but also the possible solution to develop their ability and to minimize their difficulties. Keywords: Students' difficulties, research proposal writing, genre analysis

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Essay Writing Problems - 5 Most Paralyzing Problems

#1 Lack of Confidence

The inability to believe in one’s capabilities and skills is one of the most common problems in essay writing that students have to face.

Students who think they are not good at writing will have trouble starting their papers. They doubt their capability to complete it as well. And with this self-doubt, they may never even try to start working on their paper.

As a result, these students end up not submitting an assignment or simply handing in a poorly-written one, fully accepting and expecting that they will get a low or failing grade.

How to Overcome This

There are various ways students can improve their writing skills. There are online courses they can take and they also have the option to take up traditional classes offered by local schools or tutorial centers.

Additionally, students should practice writing daily even if they make mistakes. As long as these mistakes are corrected, they will become better writers in the future.

Lastly, students who don’t know how to start an essay can always ask for assistance from their teachers, peers, and other people who are more knowledgeable and experienced in writing.

#2 Insufficient Knowledge

Many students will also have difficulties writing an essay about a topic taken up in school. The main reason is that they don’t have enough knowledge about the subject matter.

This difficulty can be caused by the student failing to take notes in class or not attending classes at all. He or she may not even understand the topic completely. This will cause anyone to have poor knowledge of any topic.

This is a problem that students can easily trounce. Students simply need to put in some extra time to study whatever notes they have. They can also do extra research to understand the topic.

Students can also ask their teacher to explain the topic to them again if they are having a hard time understanding it.

#3 Lack of Writing Skills

Although some students are confident about writing and have enough ideas to write their papers, if they lack language proficiency, they won’t submit an impressive essay.

Using the wrong words, misleading language, misplacing words, phrases, and punctuation will result in a poor paper. Some students may even resort to using technical words and jargon with the hope of impressing their teacher. Of course, this technique usually backfires.

Students should learn to use simple words and construct short, concise sentences to get a good mark on their papers. Students also need to read more since this is a good exercise for becoming a better writer.

They can also get help from the best assignment experts if they need help with polishing their papers. These writers will ensure students turn in good essays, reflective of their knowledge and abilities.

#4 Plagiarism

When all else fails, plagiarism is something that many students end up doing just so they can submit a paper. This is also their last resort if they are rushing to complete their essay at the last minute.

Teachers today check each paper for plagiarized content. Students who submit essays that contain copied paragraphs from published material will find themselves in a lot of trouble.

Students need to learn how to paraphrase the content they use for their essays. They should know when and how to use references as well.

Finally, they should make it a habit to run their essays through online plagiarism tools to ensure that they submit an original paper.

#5 Getting Stuck

Lastly, students are given a topic that has been discussed numerous times already. This can get the student stuck and unable to write anything about it. They think that there is nothing left to explore and they can’t have their own say on such topics.

Because of this, they are unable to start writing their paper, much less finish it.

Conducting more research will help students find an angle they will be interested in exploring, analyzing, and discussing. Students can also ask their peers, parents, and other people about the topic.

#6 Time Management

Time management is another main problem that students face. Some students think they can get away with working at the last minute. They might be in a big hurry or simply don't know what needs to be done yet. Because of this, they will submit bad-quality work.

How to Overcome This:

If you plan ahead, you can avoid having to spend a lot of time editing your paper.

Planning ahead will help you do better research, so your analysis of the issue is stronger. This will also help you set the paper aside and come back to it later with a fresh perspective, which means you can revise it more effectively.

#7 Awkward Structure

The structure of your sentences should be clear and understandable to allow the reader to follow what you are saying. Each sentence needs a meaningful connection with the topic so they can understand it fully without confusion, ultimately making them enjoy reading more.

Structure is key to making an essay readable. You should know the proper essay structure. Every sentence should be related and meaningful for your target audience.

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Why writing by hand beats typing for thinking and learning

Jonathan Lambert

A close-up of a woman's hand writing in a notebook.

If you're like many digitally savvy Americans, it has likely been a while since you've spent much time writing by hand.

The laborious process of tracing out our thoughts, letter by letter, on the page is becoming a relic of the past in our screen-dominated world, where text messages and thumb-typed grocery lists have replaced handwritten letters and sticky notes. Electronic keyboards offer obvious efficiency benefits that have undoubtedly boosted our productivity — imagine having to write all your emails longhand.

To keep up, many schools are introducing computers as early as preschool, meaning some kids may learn the basics of typing before writing by hand.

But giving up this slower, more tactile way of expressing ourselves may come at a significant cost, according to a growing body of research that's uncovering the surprising cognitive benefits of taking pen to paper, or even stylus to iPad — for both children and adults.

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In kids, studies show that tracing out ABCs, as opposed to typing them, leads to better and longer-lasting recognition and understanding of letters. Writing by hand also improves memory and recall of words, laying down the foundations of literacy and learning. In adults, taking notes by hand during a lecture, instead of typing, can lead to better conceptual understanding of material.

"There's actually some very important things going on during the embodied experience of writing by hand," says Ramesh Balasubramaniam , a neuroscientist at the University of California, Merced. "It has important cognitive benefits."

While those benefits have long been recognized by some (for instance, many authors, including Jennifer Egan and Neil Gaiman , draft their stories by hand to stoke creativity), scientists have only recently started investigating why writing by hand has these effects.

A slew of recent brain imaging research suggests handwriting's power stems from the relative complexity of the process and how it forces different brain systems to work together to reproduce the shapes of letters in our heads onto the page.

Your brain on handwriting

Both handwriting and typing involve moving our hands and fingers to create words on a page. But handwriting, it turns out, requires a lot more fine-tuned coordination between the motor and visual systems. This seems to more deeply engage the brain in ways that support learning.

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"Handwriting is probably among the most complex motor skills that the brain is capable of," says Marieke Longcamp , a cognitive neuroscientist at Aix-Marseille Université.

Gripping a pen nimbly enough to write is a complicated task, as it requires your brain to continuously monitor the pressure that each finger exerts on the pen. Then, your motor system has to delicately modify that pressure to re-create each letter of the words in your head on the page.

"Your fingers have to each do something different to produce a recognizable letter," says Sophia Vinci-Booher , an educational neuroscientist at Vanderbilt University. Adding to the complexity, your visual system must continuously process that letter as it's formed. With each stroke, your brain compares the unfolding script with mental models of the letters and words, making adjustments to fingers in real time to create the letters' shapes, says Vinci-Booher.

That's not true for typing.

To type "tap" your fingers don't have to trace out the form of the letters — they just make three relatively simple and uniform movements. In comparison, it takes a lot more brainpower, as well as cross-talk between brain areas, to write than type.

Recent brain imaging studies bolster this idea. A study published in January found that when students write by hand, brain areas involved in motor and visual information processing " sync up " with areas crucial to memory formation, firing at frequencies associated with learning.

"We don't see that [synchronized activity] in typewriting at all," says Audrey van der Meer , a psychologist and study co-author at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. She suggests that writing by hand is a neurobiologically richer process and that this richness may confer some cognitive benefits.

Other experts agree. "There seems to be something fundamental about engaging your body to produce these shapes," says Robert Wiley , a cognitive psychologist at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. "It lets you make associations between your body and what you're seeing and hearing," he says, which might give the mind more footholds for accessing a given concept or idea.

Those extra footholds are especially important for learning in kids, but they may give adults a leg up too. Wiley and others worry that ditching handwriting for typing could have serious consequences for how we all learn and think.

What might be lost as handwriting wanes

The clearest consequence of screens and keyboards replacing pen and paper might be on kids' ability to learn the building blocks of literacy — letters.

"Letter recognition in early childhood is actually one of the best predictors of later reading and math attainment," says Vinci-Booher. Her work suggests the process of learning to write letters by hand is crucial for learning to read them.

"When kids write letters, they're just messy," she says. As kids practice writing "A," each iteration is different, and that variability helps solidify their conceptual understanding of the letter.

Research suggests kids learn to recognize letters better when seeing variable handwritten examples, compared with uniform typed examples.

This helps develop areas of the brain used during reading in older children and adults, Vinci-Booher found.

"This could be one of the ways that early experiences actually translate to long-term life outcomes," she says. "These visually demanding, fine motor actions bake in neural communication patterns that are really important for learning later on."

Ditching handwriting instruction could mean that those skills don't get developed as well, which could impair kids' ability to learn down the road.

"If young children are not receiving any handwriting training, which is very good brain stimulation, then their brains simply won't reach their full potential," says van der Meer. "It's scary to think of the potential consequences."

Many states are trying to avoid these risks by mandating cursive instruction. This year, California started requiring elementary school students to learn cursive , and similar bills are moving through state legislatures in several states, including Indiana, Kentucky, South Carolina and Wisconsin. (So far, evidence suggests that it's the writing by hand that matters, not whether it's print or cursive.)

Slowing down and processing information

For adults, one of the main benefits of writing by hand is that it simply forces us to slow down.

During a meeting or lecture, it's possible to type what you're hearing verbatim. But often, "you're not actually processing that information — you're just typing in the blind," says van der Meer. "If you take notes by hand, you can't write everything down," she says.

The relative slowness of the medium forces you to process the information, writing key words or phrases and using drawing or arrows to work through ideas, she says. "You make the information your own," she says, which helps it stick in the brain.

Such connections and integration are still possible when typing, but they need to be made more intentionally. And sometimes, efficiency wins out. "When you're writing a long essay, it's obviously much more practical to use a keyboard," says van der Meer.

Still, given our long history of using our hands to mark meaning in the world, some scientists worry about the more diffuse consequences of offloading our thinking to computers.

"We're foisting a lot of our knowledge, extending our cognition, to other devices, so it's only natural that we've started using these other agents to do our writing for us," says Balasubramaniam.

It's possible that this might free up our minds to do other kinds of hard thinking, he says. Or we might be sacrificing a fundamental process that's crucial for the kinds of immersive cognitive experiences that enable us to learn and think at our full potential.

Balasubramaniam stresses, however, that we don't have to ditch digital tools to harness the power of handwriting. So far, research suggests that scribbling with a stylus on a screen activates the same brain pathways as etching ink on paper. It's the movement that counts, he says, not its final form.

Jonathan Lambert is a Washington, D.C.-based freelance journalist who covers science, health and policy.

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