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What Is Competency-Based Education? A Beginner’s Guide for Students

By Will Erstad on 08/12/2021

School is school, right? A teacher explains a concept, you do a little additional reading, do some practice work and then take tests every few weeks until the class ends—then rinse and repeat for another course. For those familiar with the routine, it may come as a surprise that an alternative approach to education is gaining popularity—competency-based education (CBE). This educational style is at the heart of our flexible Empowered Learning ® courses.

But what is competency-based education, exactly? This article will help you get you up-to-speed and answer some of the most common questions students may have about this innovative learning format.

What is competency-based education?

Competency-based education is a method of academic instruction and evaluation based upon students demonstrating their mastery of a subject. This method focuses on having students “show what they know” and applying the concepts they’ve learned to evaluations that show they’ve truly grasped the subject.

How does CBE differ from traditional learning models?

By the description above, you’re probably thinking to yourself, “ Wait, how is that any different from what I’ve been doing in school my entire life? ” You’re not wrong in that many, or even most, of the classes you’ve taken in your life have required you to demonstrate your mastery of a subject to earn a letter grade. But what makes CBE so appealing is how the learning is paced.

The dirty little secret found at the foundation of nearly every college is that the standard unit of measuring academic progress, the credit hour, is a pretty arbitrary way to measure learning. In a traditional credit-hour system, more emphasis is put on the amount of time a student spends “in seat” rather than the content that is actually learned.

The CBE format allows institutions to separate “time in seat” from academic proficiency. If you already know a concept from previous life experience or prior learning, you have the option to work ahead and demonstrate that you know your stuff without having to wait for the rest of the class to catch up. Put simply, students are able to show what they know, when they know it.

Who benefits from the CBE model?

While students from all backgrounds and experiences may find the Empowered Learning ® CBE model appealing, it is an especially attractive option for adult learners. Oftentimes adult learners have life experience and practical knowledge that can help them quickly advance through a CBE course.

For example, imagine going back to school for an Accounting degree after spending years running a small landscaping business. The odds are strong that you’ve picked up on some of the basics of bookkeeping and other fundamental concepts. You’d have the ability to prove your knowledge in these areas immediately, breezing by those lessons and moving one step closer to graduating.

How do CBE courses work?

Most CBE courses are offered in an online format. This is yet another benefit for working adults to seamlessly fit their coursework into their already-busy schedules.

So how does that work, exactly? Check out the video below for an introduction to online Empowered Learning ® courses and how they utilize the competency-based education format:

Rasmussen University Empowered Learning ® Orientation

Do CBE courses include interaction with instructors and other students?

Absolutely! While competency-based courses may allow some students to make it through a course with minimal interaction with their instructors, that isn’t the norm. Instructors will often host live lectures (that are also recorded) where they cover a topic and answer questions from students. And like instructors in traditional learning models, they are available and willing to help if you are having trouble with a particular area.

“I can honestly say the instructor made all the difference in my experience,” says Rasmussen University Business Management student Marcia Smeby. “He took the time to engage students and reach out at every level. The instructor made the class feel inclusive and encouraged a lot of conversations.”

How are CBE courses graded?

“Proving your competency” sounds great, but how does that work in practice? At Rasmussen University in particular, courses are broken down into key competencies or subject areas. For example, a Professional Communications course may include a competency for workplace presentations as well as competency modules for professional negotiating and written communications.

To earn credit for these competencies, students are typically tasked with projects that apply what they’ve learned. An example of this might be writing and recording a professional presentation.

Are there deadlines in CBE courses?

Yes and no. The Rasmussen University Empowered Learning ® CBE courses do have an overall “deadline” for completing course work, but how you spread out your work over that timeframe is up to you. If you want to clear your schedule for a week at the end of the course and focus solely on your assignments, you can! (Although you’d lose the opportunity to revise with faculty feedback and resubmit to try for a higher grade.) If you’d prefer to frontload it and finish it all early, then that’s fine too. Or you can chip away at your work throughout the term as time permits. You have a lot of flexibility on the timing with your learning.

Can a CBE format help save me money?

The beauty of college credit being awarded based on competence, not time, is that it gives students the ability to prove their knowledge and potentially bypass courses. At Rasmussen University, students often have the option to supplement their standard CBE courses with self-directed assessments that allow them to earn credit and “test out” of courses they may already have a handle on.

These self-directed assessments are similar in structure to CBE courses, but there are a couple of key differences. First, the self-directed assessments offered at Rasmussen University are not eligible for financial aid, while the Empowered Learning ® CBE courses are eligible . Second, the self-directed assessments are done much more independently—you can still ask clarifying questions of a faculty member, but since these are a way to test out of a course, the expectation is that you are already equipped to handle the work and can complete the assessment on your own. These self-directed assessments can save you money as you’ll pay a relatively small fee of $149 for each attempt.

What do employers think of competency-based education?

Like with anything new or different, it’s understandable if you’re a little wary of what a potential future employer might think of a CBE student. The reality is most employers don’t have the time or resources to dive deep into how a school handles its curriculum. The route you took to obtain the required education isn’t as important as your demonstrated ability to do the job.

This is also precisely where CBE shines—the project-based evaluation of these courses means students will have tangible work products that show what they’ve learned. This is great for job-seekers who may not have as much relevant work experience to highlight in a resume or interview situation. Being able to point to academic work where you’ve applied what you’ve learned in a realistic scenario can be more convincing to an employer than a bullet point on a resume.

What do students think of the CBE course experience?

Flexibility and the ability to work ahead are great, but it’s no good if the overall experience is lacking. While not every competency-based education program is the same, Rasmussen University students have reacted well to their Empowered Learning ® CBE courses. Smeby says her experience in these courses has been a positive one.

“These courses are great for someone like me,” Smeby says. “I have kids, a husband and a job; I volunteer and I don’t have a lot of time to sit in a classroom, but I absolutely have time to sit on my computer at night and take these courses.”

Smeby’s busy schedule led to her placing a premium on flexibility—something CBE courses have accommodated well. “The traditional online classes are already flexible but the CBE classes were even more flexible, and they catered to my learning style,” she explains.

Does competency-based education sound right for you?

Now that you know more about what competency-based education is and how it works, does this format sound like an ideal fit for you? If so, you’ll want to check out the Rasmussen University Empowered Learning ® page for more detailed information about the competency-based learning options we have to offer.

EDITOR'S NOTE: This article was originally published in 2018. It has since between updated to include information relevant to 2021.

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About the author

Will Erstad

Will is a Sr. Content Specialist at Collegis Education. He researches and writes student-focused articles on a variety of topics for Rasmussen University. He is passionate about learning and enjoys writing engaging content to help current and future students on their path to a rewarding education.

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Learning at WGU: Different by Design

We call it competency-based education. grads call it the best way to learn.

WGU pioneered career-relevant, competency-based education. We remain the only institution offering competency-based degrees at scale, creating a model other colleges and universities are increasingly striving to replicate.

What is competency-based education? Simply put, it measures skills and learning rather than time spent in a classroom. Students earn competency units (the equivalent of credit hours) when they demonstrate their skills through completing assessments. So rather than advancing only when the semester or term ends, you can progress through courses as soon as you’ve proved you’ve mastered the material.

If a student can learn faster, spend more time on schoolwork, or lean on knowledge they already have from previous work or school experience, they can accelerate through their courses. This innovative approach to skills-based education gives power to the learner, allowing them to use their skills as currency to prove their capabilities to potential employers.

In addition, WGU is dedicated to developing the foundation for a skills-based future where learners and employers can find each other and connect through a shared language of verified skills. This commitment within WGU and to the broader  Open Skills Network  (OSN) community furthers our dedication to progressing a skills-based ecosystem beyond our institutional mission. There is also the  Journal of Competency-Based Education  (JCBE) that is published by Western Governors University and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

For Institutions and Policymakers

Dive deeper into competency-based education—and perhaps learn to implement a CBE program of your own.

Reimagine the Path to Your Degree at WGU

Student flexibility, competency-based education at wgu puts the student in the driver's seat of their education..

• Efficient: Education pathways are focused on learning, not seat time. Students are able to spend time on areas where they need more understanding and accelerate where they already have knowledge.
• Flexible: Study happens whenever and wherever it works best for students. WGU learning resources are available anywhere internet access is.
• Individualized: Every student is different. At WGU, we believe the learning experience should be built around students.
• Supportive: Students have a whole team of navigators along for the ride—faculty, staff, even fellow students.

Low, flat-rate tuition and the opportunity to accelerate programs allow students to have more control of total costs.

• Low tuition: Our commitment to helping students graduate with less debt starts with low tuition—about half the average cost of other online institutions.*
• Flat rate: WGU’s flat-rate tuition links time and cost. This is central to how competency-based education can save students money: By speeding up programs, students can graduate faster with less costs.

*WGU average annual bachelor’s tuition rates are 47% lower than the national average, compared to national rates reported by the  Integrated Postsecondary Education Data Systems in 2022 . WGU average rate does not include rates for WGU Bachelor of Science, Nursing Prelicensure program.

WGU is about real-world results—providing students an impressive return on their investment.

• Return on Investment: Our special model of online learning is designed for the working adult, and our commitment to keep costs down means better ROI for our graduates.
• Competencies: The hallmark of competency-based education are the competencies—the clearly defined skills and knowledge that students will master. Our competency-based approach is widely recognized by employers because it’s an approach used by most corporations as the basis for promotions and advancement.
• Mastery: A degree from WGU tells employers that our grads are proven experts and will be invaluable additions to their teams. After all, they earned their degrees by proving they've mastered the competencies that employers are looking for in an employee.

Joel Bianci

Graduate in teaching

"Half of what I learned from my master’s at WGU is a model for my classroom: tailoring curriculum for each student, checking in with them while giving them freedom, reducing structure, and giving room for kids to learn how they learn best.”

Lisa Turnbull

Graduate in IT

"The WGU model allowed me to thrive. I needed a competency-based program that allowed me to use my experience. I needed flexibility to allow me to be a mom, a wife, a daughter, a friend, a Girl Scout leader. I needed affordability because I had a family and could not add another bill.”

Bradley Hall

Graduate in business

"There are a few things that WGU offers that other programs don't, and one is the competency-based format—the mastery, to make sure that you learn the skills before you move on to something else. Traditional schools don't offer that. You simply go to class and you get what they're working on that week and if you don't get it, too bad, we're all moving on. Many key concepts are lost with that."

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The Complete Guide to Competency-Based Education

• Feb 01, 2023
• 17 Min Read

CBE is helping schools, institutions and organizations deliver learning experiences that translate to practical, provable outcomes and true skill mastery.

Every educator wants to make sure they set up their learners with the skills they need to succeed. For many, this means moving away from traditional learning models that prioritize seat time and memorization and embracing approaches that focus on content mastery.  

Competency-based education (CBE) is a method of education and training that gives people the flexibility to learn at a pace that suits them. It can respond in more agile ways to different learning abilities. Plus, it can enhance learning and career outcomes by individualizing experiences. 

CBE is making impacts at all levels. Schools are leveraging CBE to equip graduates with skills they can put to work in the next stage of their journey—whether they’re pursuing further education or starting their careers. Organizations are also turning to CBE to foster professional development and training that are tied to real business needs and outcomes. 

This article will provide an in-depth look at CBE and the benefits and challenges that can come with implementing it and explain how pairing technology with key competencies can enhance outcomes for educators and learners alike. 

What Is CBE?  

CBE is a model that concentrates on learning outcomes rather than time spent in class. Some people may move through the content quickly. Others will take time to let the material sink in. Whatever route they take, a CBE approach lets them focus on what they need to learn and advance only when they’re ready and can demonstrate a thorough understanding of the topic at hand. 

Initially, CBE emerged as a reaction to concerns that students weren’t being taught the skills they would need in life after school. The view was that educators could better judge a student’s success in the real world based on what competencies they could show versus how long they’d spent in class. Today, it’s used in a variety of environments—from traditional classrooms to blended and online ones. 

Standardizing the Approach to CBE  

Though CBE is gaining popularity, there isn’t yet a uniform way in which it’s implemented.  

One definition and approach comes from the Measuring Success through Competency-Based Learning Research Alliance (the Alliance), which has sought to develop and share best practices for CBE at the elementary and secondary levels. It defines CBE in the following manner “As a personalized learning approach, CBE provides a flexible and engaging learning environment in which progression is based on mastery of explicit learning objectives or competencies, as demonstrated through evidence of student learning, rather than the time spent in a course/topic.” 

Additionally, the Alliance crafted the CBE Mastery Framework . This model differs from a competency framework, which specifies what a person will be able to do when they complete a diploma or certification. The CBE Mastery Framework identifies four areas—structure, culture, teaching and learning—where educators must adapt their practices to implement CBE successfully. 

Another definition comes from the Competency-Based Education Network (C-BEN) , which defines CBE this way : 

Competency-based education combines an intentional and transparent approach to curricular design with an academic model in which the time it takes to demonstrate competencies varies and the expectations about learning are held constant. Students acquire and demonstrate their knowledge and skills by engaging in learning exercises, activities, and experiences that align with clearly defined programmatic outcomes. Students receive proactive guidance and support from faculty and staff. Learners earn credentials by demonstrating mastery through multiple forms of assessment, often at a personalized pace. 

C-BEN’s quality framework identifies eight elements that can apply to CBE programs. They are: 

• Demonstrated institutional commitment to and capacity for CBE innovation 
• Clear, measurable, meaningful and integrated competencies 
• Coherent program and curriculum design 
• Credential level-assessment strategy with robust implementation 
• Intentionally designed and engaged learner experience 
• Collaborative engagement with external partners 
• Transparency of student learning 
• Evidence-driven continuous improvement 

The network developed its standards following broad consultation with members from 30 institutions, four statewide university systems and over 100 individuals from around the U.S. Its ambition is that the principles can provide guidance for institutions to draw on when creating or scaling CBE programs. 

Competency-Based Assessments in Education  

Traditional educational systems are no strangers to standard courses, assessments, credits and credentials. Yet these rarely reflect the individualized nature of competency-based learning and development. Credentials and assessments for CBE must be designed to be valuable and transferable. They must also instill confidence in students, teachers and other stakeholders. 

CBE assessments should be reliable and verifiable. They should provide students with feedback that will improve their learning and give educators insights into students’ mastery levels so they can adjust teaching materials and activities accordingly. 

The simple “no that was wrong, try again” answer is no longer effective feedback, and that’s what we see in a lot of online learning. We need to look at other ways that we can expand their experiences and give them that unique feedback. – Ruth Cuthbert, learning experience consultant, D2L

Assessments can be broken into three types: 

• Standardized exams use content sampling and item validation to help gather data and formalize competency across institutions. Because their purpose is developing a holistic picture, they aren’t transparent enough to measure competency accurately on an individual level. 
• Traditional assignments may involve drafting papers, conducting research, or completing a quiz or exam. They’re primarily designed to measure how much someone knows. Though they’re familiar, their weakness lies in their relevance—performance on tasks doesn’t consistently show true competency. 
• Authentic assessments mimic how students might use a skill in real-world applications. They help reinforce what students are learning and require them to show mastery through action. Expectations are clearly outlined, usually through a rubric, and the feedback helps educators and learners understand the progress each person is making. 

Using multiple assessment types within a course can give educators a well-rounded view of student progress and understanding. Ultimately, a high-quality assessment will meet the needs of all participants. Educators will understand how to administer and assess evaluations, and students will know how their performance will be measured.

How to Create Authentic Assessments With D2L Brightspace

Learn how to create authentic assessments using the tools in Brightspace.

Outcomes-Based Education (OBE) vs. CBE  

Like CBE, OBE also focuses on mastery . It encompasses the same qualities—adapting to individual needs, laying out clear criteria for success and giving people time to fully develop knowledge and skills. 

The difference is that OBE puts a greater emphasis on why the competency matters. 

This supports learners because it helps them draw a connection between what they’re learning and how, where and when they’ll apply it. Employers can see tangible benefits, too, and schools can show the impact their courses are having. 

CBE: Terms to Know  

The competency-based learning model contains a wide range of critical concepts, instructional strategies and educational philosophies, so it’s helpful to understand the relevant terms and concepts. Some of these are:

Authentic Assessments

Blended Learning

Competency Framework

Conceptual Learning

Credentials

Mastery-Based Learning

Micro-Credentials

Personalized Learning

Standardized Exams

Traditional Assignments

Authentic Assessments  

Authentic assessments are a key component of CBE and involve assessing students’ abilities to apply their knowledge in real-world scenarios. They may vary by discipline but usually require learners to complete in-course knowledge checks or summative projects, assignments or exams. 

Blended Learning  

A blended learning program is an instructional approach that blends face-to-face and technology-enabled learning. Using blended learning, CBE can be integrated into an educational pathway without sacrificing the social benefits that come with traditional in-person learning. 

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In a CBE program, learners are assessed on what they know and can do rather than how much time they spend in a classroom. The goal is to ensure people are mastering the essential skills they need to succeed throughout their academic and professional lives. CBE may also be called competency-based learning, competency-based training or skills-based training. 

Competency Framework  

A well-defined competency framework is the foundation of a competency-based academic program. Combined with a credential definition, it creates a curricular architecture—clearly stating what a person can do to complete the credential and allowing students, employers and other stakeholders to appropriately set their expectations. 

Conceptual Learning  

Conceptual learning is a more in-depth and meaningful way of learning based on core concepts and ideas instead of specific topics. It engages students in higher-order thinking and facilitates the development of richer understandings of the world. 

Credentials  

Credentials are forms of recognition people earn after achieving preset outcomes. They can vary considerably in size and scope, with some being awarded at the end of yearslong programs and others after completing a single course or exam. 

Mastery-Based Learning  

Mastery-based learning requires students to thoroughly understand one area before moving on to the next. If a student has not yet mastered the information when assessed, they’ll receive additional learning support and then be reassessed. Learning continues this way until the learner has grasped the skill and can proceed to the next level. 

Micro-Credentials  

Micro-credentials are representations of competencies that are earned through short programs and focused on developing targeted skills. 

OBE encompasses all the qualities of CBE but takes it one step further, putting a greater emphasis on the why behind the learning. This helps learners, institutions and organizations better understand the ways in which concepts will be applied and the impact education is having. 

Personalized Learning  

Personalized learning is a practice that allows educators and instructors to tailor learning pathways and experiences to support learners’ unique needs and interests. As a result, people are given more flexibility and support to achieve their full potential. 

Standardized Exams  

Standardized, objective exams test students on a small selection of skills to see how they measure against learning objectives. While useful for data and standardization, these tests aren’t great for demonstrating competency since there is little or no transparency regarding the student’s mastery level. 

Traditional Assignments  

Traditional assignments, such as writing papers and conducting library research, can help assess whether a student has mastered a given competency. These assignments measure against set rubrics that align with the defined competencies. 

CBE Strategies in the Classroom  

Educators have a variety of frameworks and techniques at their disposal, but pedagogy often can be divided into two subtypes: 

CBE classrooms can use various teaching methods, but all will be student-centered. Together, teachers and students develop a learning plan or pathway tailored to meet each learner’s individual needs. The most common CBE strategies include: 

• Project-based learning: Students can apply their knowledge to real-world projects that are done individually or in groups and tailored to their interests and abilities. 
• Problem-based learning: Students work together to solve problems based on real-world scenarios. This helps them develop critical-thinking and problem-solving skills. 
• Inquiry-based learning: Students can discover a topic or concept that interests them. They are free to ask questions and explore in their own way. 
• Collaborative learning: Students are encouraged and enabled to work together to complete a task or project. The process facilitates communication and teamwork skills among students. 
• Self-directed learning: Students are allowed to direct their learning. They can choose what they want to learn and how, where and when they want to learn it. 

These are just a few strategies that can ‌promote CBE in any classroom. Since students learn differently, their learning plans will also differ. As a result, there can be many pathways within one class, requiring the educator to use multiple teaching techniques. 

Advantages of a Competency-Based Approach  

Establishing a competency-based approach to education and training often requires a fundamental shift in learning mindsets and business strategies. But the benefits are worth the effort. 

Focus on Learning Outcomes  

In a traditional environment, learners may progress through the material even if they haven’t fully mastered it. CBE is different. It relies on students showing that they’ve learned the skills and acquired the knowledge before they can continue. This helps ensure everyone can move forward in their studies, albeit at different speeds, and no one is left behind. 

Use Resources in the Most Efficient, Effective Ways  

CBE models may require less classroom time than traditional models since people are able to review the content independently. 

Become More Flexible and Accessible  

One of the significant benefits of CBE is that it allows learners to study when and where it suits them best. This can be particularly beneficial for working adults or those with other commitments who might not be able to attend traditional classes. Also, CBE programs often use online learning tools, helping them reach more nontraditional students. 

Improve Retention Rates  

CBE programs are generally associated with higher student retention rates than occur with traditional models. This is likely because students in a CBE program are only progressing once they have fully mastered the material, meaning they are less likely to become frustrated and give up on their studies. 

Foster a More Positive Student Experience  

CBE programs tend to lead to a more positive overall student experience because they focus more on learning outcomes and individualized attention. In fact, many students who have participated in CBE programs report feeling more engaged with their studies. Receiving targeted support based on their individual needs helps them feel more confident in their abilities and achieve a statistically higher GPA . 

Challenges With Competency-Based Learning  

While CBE holds promise for transforming education, it’s helpful to consider the potential hurdles as well. 

Teaching Must Fundamentally Change  

CBE requires a change of mindset among educators. Instead of teaching to a set plan, educators need to be prepared to teach what each student is ready to learn and adapt, considering individual behaviors and outcomes.  

Preparation Is Critical  

Creating measurable learning objectives that show competency isn’t easy. For instructors, the change in teaching styles that comes from implementing CBE may require a top-to-bottom overhaul of course materials. This includes re-creating lessons and learning materials, developing appropriate assessments, and ensuring all students have access to the resources they need. 

Students Need to Learn Differently  

Students enrolled in CBE programs need to be ready to adjust to a different learning style. For some, it’s a matter of staying motivated and balancing the demands of their personal, professional and academic lives. For others, it’s a social shift. Depending on the speed at which learners move through the material, they may not stay with the same cohort the whole time. 

CBE in Action  

CBE is an emerging trend in education that has the potential to enhance learning outcomes and prepare students for the workforce. Many institutions, however, use CBE only for certain programs or student groups rather than as a primary teaching method. Consequently, implementation is fragmented across institutions, with many differences in their program methods.  

CBE in Elementary Schools  

Implementing CBE programs can help ensure no student leaves school without mastery. With traditional educational models, a student can still earn a diploma if they struggle with the material; they just need to earn a passing grade. CBE relies on consistent, competency-based standards, which means students progress once they’ve shown they understand the material. 

New Hampshire and Vermont are examples of advanced states that have made significant strides toward awarding credits and diplomas based on competency rather than time spent in the classroom.   

Implementing a CBE program can give teachers more flexibility outside of the classroom. Plus, it lets them more easily personalize learning to suit the needs of individual students.  

CBE is also proving beneficial in helping students weather and rebound from disruptions. As an approach, it gives educators easy insight into how each person is doing and supports students in their learning, making sure they don’t move ahead until they’re ready. 

In New Hampshire, for example, Parker-Varney elementary’s teachers didn’t need to guess how much learning their students had to make up. The school’s competency-based strategy gave teachers immediate insight into exactly what students had and hadn’t learned. When the school year ended in June 2021, Parker-Varney knew that 70% of its students had mastered at least 75% of their grade level’s math and literacy standards. They would be ready to pick up from there when school restarted in the fall. 

CBE in Higher Education  

Globally, the higher education sector is embracing CBE.

In India, the National Medical Commission has implemented a competency-based undergraduate curriculum for medical students. Australia’s vocational education and training system is also fully competency-based. 

The reasons why colleges, universities, vocational schools and other higher education institutions choose to implement CBE vary, but generally it comes down to three broad factors: accessibility, flexibility and applicability. 

By their nature, CBE programs are designed to adapt to different learning needs. If there’s a concept or theory a student is really struggling with, they can spend time unpacking it. They don’t have to feel like they need to rush through it just so they can get a passing grade on an exam. Educators can also keep an eye on how they’re progressing and step in to provide helpful content or support. 

The structure of CBE can also make it easier for students who want to strike a balance—pursuing educational opportunities that reflect and fit around their lives. This is especially true for adult and nontraditional learners, a cohort that can face unique challenges. Education probably isn’t their full-time focus; they may also face work, family and financial pressures that traditionally college-aged students don’t. Research from the Strada Education Network found that in the wake of the pandemic, stresses outside school meant 37% of adult learners had to change or cancel their education plans. Because CBE programs offer a more flexible route to certifications, students can reach their educational goals at a pace that suits them and more affordably. 

Finally, since students need to prove competencies to complete a CBE program, outcomes are more transparent and applicable. There’s less guesswork about skills and knowledge they will or won’t have afterward. This can make it easier for schools to not only say but also show how they’re preparing their graduates for the working world, which can instill confidence in students and employers alike. 

Competency-Based Education for Students, Institutions and Employers

We define CBE and look at how it can benefit students, academic institutions and employers.

Competency-Based Training for Professional Development  

Though CBE is still largely an elementary- and higher education-focused framework, it’s playing an increasingly valuable role in corporate spaces as a vehicle for meaningful, targeted skill development . 

Taking a skills-based approach to professional learning serves two important functions.  

First, it makes it easier for employers and training providers to keep up with how fast skill needs are changing. The research on this topic isn’t hard to find. The World Economic Forum has estimated that 44% of the skills employees need to do their jobs effectively will change by 2025. Similarly, Gartner found that 58% of the workforce already needs new skills to get the job done. Whichever way it’s broken down, people need to build new skills —and they need to do it fast. 

Second, it corresponds with shifts in job functions and hiring processes. In many organizations, roles are becoming less siloed as employees adapt to emerging technologies and tackle a wider variety of projects. According to research from Deloitte :

This is where competency-based employee learning —also called programmatic training—comes into play. At a high level, it involves using data to map competencies to functions and roles that align to long-term business needs and goals. This approach builds skills, knowledge and abilities over time and provides real-life applications to help learners work through more complex organizational problems. 

None of us are here to take a course just to know something. We’re here to take a course so that we can apply it on the job.  – Jeff Salin, learning experience consulting manager, D2L

How Does a Learning Management System (LMS) Support CBE?  

An LMS is one tool educators can use to support CBE programs. It can bolster in-course actions and activities, helping educators create personalized learning paths that give learners access to materials anytime, anywhere. 

An LMS supports CBE programs in various ways. 

1. Assessing Progress  

In a CBE program, educators must assess students’ progress frequently and accurately to determine whether they’ve mastered the material. With an LMS, educators can create a variety of assessment types to suit situational needs. Ungraded knowledge checks can help people reinforce what they’re learning, while quizzes and assignments can be used to evaluate their progress. Educators can also add in flexibility by letting learners choose their preferred format for submissions—including text, audio or video. 

2. Providing Feedback  

Feedback is a key component of CBE programs. An LMS can help automate and streamline parts of the process by automatically grading assignments and tests. Plus, it can provide valuable data to help educators tailor their instruction so they can better meet the needs of learners. 

3. Personalizing Learning Paths  

An LMS can also be used to create individualized learning paths for students. Educators can create different content modules for students depending on their needs and abilities and provide targeted interventions. A student who’s struggling with a particular concept may be given extra practice exercises, for example, while a student who’s excelling can be given more challenging material. 

4. Delivering Flexible, Accessible Learning  

With an LMS, learners can get 24/7 access to course content. This is especially important for those who work full time or have other commitments that make it difficult for them to attend in-person classes or stick to a synchronous program. 

5. Scaling CBE Programs  

One of the biggest challenges with CBE programs can be delivering individualized instruction on a school-wide scale. Educational technologies including an LMS can help schools enhance and augment the work educators are doing, grow the scope of their reach, and create a cohesive shared learning environment. 

How to Develop Competencies and Skills With D2L Brightspace

Find out how to prepare students with skills that will help them succeed in the workplace.

5 Best Practices When Getting Started With CBE  

1. nurture organizational alignment  .

For CBE programs to be successful, it’s crucial that all stakeholders be on the same page about what CBE looks like at the organization. Consider questions such as: 

• Why is CBE the right choice? What problems will it help solve? What value will it bring? 
• How do the goals of a CBE program support the organization’s mission, vision and values? 
• What personnel and technological resources does the organization already have that can enable a transition to CBE? What additional supports will it need? 

Being able to answer these questions can help guide an organization’s decision-making. Plus, the earlier it can get feedback and buy-in from stakeholders, the more valued and invested those individuals and groups will feel about the process. 

2. Create a Clear Communication Plan  

Ongoing communication is also important to the success of CBE programs. Internal and external stakeholders need to understand why transitions are being made, when they should expect to see changes and who is responsible for implementing the different parts. 

3. Launch With a Pilot  

Though this seems obvious, it’s a step that’s sometimes overlooked or minimized. Beginning with a pilot can help organizations identify and resolve issues before rolling out programs on a broader scale.  

When deciding what to include in a pilot, prioritize a small number of courses that: 

• are being taught by teachers and instructors who are comfortable using the new methodologies and technologies 
• will clearly benefit from implementing CBE into the existing framework 
• suit individualized instruction and personalized learning paths 

When making monumental change, remember—dream big but start small. 

4. Measure Progress  

The metrics an organization chooses to track should reflect the goals laid out during the initial planning phases. Measurements should be done at regular intervals and be both qualitative and quantitative in nature; they can be used to identify and correct issues, especially during a pilot.  

5. Share Successes  

At the end of the day, talking about wins can help organizations get the endorsements and support they need to grow CBE in the future. An executive summary can provide a high-level overview of what a project achieved, while an in-depth article can expand on the processes, successes, challenges and adaptations that went into implementing CBE. Documenting individual approaches can also help other organizations, giving them road maps to follow when they want to launch their own CBE programs. 

Transform How and Why People Learn With CBE  

CBE is a growing global education trend, and for good reason. For schools , institutions and organizations , it’s about creating learning programs that translate to practical, provable outcomes. For educators and instructors, it’s about being able to provide truly personalized instruction that supports each person along their learning journey. And for learners, it’s about instilling confidence that they’ll be able to apply what they’re learning outside of the classroom and in their professional lives. 

When it comes down to it, CBE is about setting up people with the knowledge, skills and competencies they need to succeed. 

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Table of Contents

• What Is CBE?
• Terms to Know
• CBE Strategies
• Advantages and Challenges
• CBE in Action
• The Role of an LMS
• Best Practices

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What is OBE? OBE vs. Traditional Education

Outcome-Based Education's...

Discovering outcome-based education (obe).

Which educational approach is the best for students? This is a common question that many educators and institutes ponder. There is no definitive answer because what might work for one student might not be applicable to others.

Nevertheless, student-centricity, goal-orientedness, and strategic steps must take precedence in the instructional approaches. Hence, outcome-based education is an ideal educational technique that motivates learners to stay on track and achieve predetermined goals.

It highlights the specific skills and knowledge students should attain by the end of the program or course. It is one of the sought-after approaches due to the underlying systematic framework; hence, it is only fitting to take an in-depth look.

What is outcome-based education?

Outcome-based education is a unique educational methodology that specifies particular learning outcomes. It encourages the development of teaching and learning practices to attain the established outcomes.

It is in stark contrast to the traditional educational system, which focuses more on syllabus completion and examination. In fact, outcome-based education prioritizes measuring the knowledge, skills, and capabilities that learners must attain by the end of the course.

Also, identifying the learning outcomes is the first step in the process, which includes the information and abilities that learners succeed at demonstrating by the course’s end. The next step involves careful planning of the curriculum, teaching methods, and assessments.

It is an evidence-based approach, which means that it has shown positive results in terms of academic and overall development. The long-term advantage of an outcome-based educational approach is due to its core features.

Core Features of Outcome-Based Education

Measurable learning competencies

The unique educational method defines the learning competencies or outcomes that students must achieve by the end of the program. It focuses on students’ factual knowledge, ability to demonstrate their skills, and understanding of critical concepts.

Teachers use verbs to emphasize the learning outcomes in different domains, such as:

• Students will be able to identify and explain the causes of World War I.
• Students will be able to develop a blueprint for a generator.

Mastery of Concepts

As opposed to the traditional educational system that rushes through topics and syllabuses, OBE focuses on mastery of concepts. Teachers use a rubric or standard to assess whether or not students have gained an in-depth understanding of core concepts.

It creates a self-paced learning environment wherein students don’t have to worry about keeping up with the rest of the class’s pace. It helps them understand concepts effectively and apply them in practical scenarios.

Adaptive Learning

OBE adopts a flexible system of teaching and learning wherein teachers can integrate different methods to cater to students’s needs. Therefore, students can choose learning paths according to their preferences and learning styles.

For instance, teachers can use blended learning, wherein they can combine in-class instruction with online learning modules. Likewise, they can use essays, presentations, and personalized assessments to accommodate different learners.

Quality Education

Rote memorization and exam centricity are two flaws that are central to the traditional education system, which contributes little to nothing to the student’s learning experience. However, OBE’s well-designed methodologies empower students to learn effectively.

In fact, they succeed at learning critical thinking abilities and problem-solving capacities and applying them in real-world scenarios. As a result, they are able to handle diverse problems and develop creative solutions accordingly.

Steps to Implement Outcome-Based Education

A well-planned framework forms the foundation of any educational methodology, which includes essential steps such as the following:

Highlight Institutional Mission and Vision

Developing institutional mission and vision statements is one of the initial tasks that highlights the aspirations of the educational institute. Besides, these statements align with the respective goals that colleges and universities want to achieve in the long run.

• Vision Statements: They describe an institute’s ambitions for the future and the impact it wants to have on its students. Also, these statements are usually ambitious and idealistic.

Example of a Vision Statement: To be an outstanding center for research and innovation, helping to produce solutions to crucial issues.

• Mission Statements: They describe the primary purpose of an institute and the specific actions it takes to achieve its vision.

Example of Mission Statement: To provide an enriching educational experience to all students that improves critical thinking and communication skills.

Establish Program Educational Objectives

Program educational objectives (PEOs) refer to broad statements that describe the professional and career goals that students must attain within a specific timeframe. Furthermore, they indicate a long-term impact of the program on the student’s professional lives.

Therefore, PEOs are future-oriented, describing the competencies or capabilities that they can show in the future. They entail a wide range of skills and knowledge, which enables them to function effectively in their chosen fields.

Also, they must align with the student learning outcomes; hence, getting input from faculty, alumni, and other stakeholders helps to develop relevant PEOs.

Develop Program Learning Outcomes

Program learning outcomes (PLOs) are measurable statements that relate to knowledge, skills, and capabilities that students achieve after completing a program. Therefore, avoiding technical jargon and using action verbs to write the statements is an ideal strategy.

For example, teachers can refer to Bloom’s Taxonomy to develop PLOs, helping to highlight the specific knowledge and skills within the program. However, the focus must be on what the students will learn rather than the attributes of the program.

For example, students will be able to develop and implement algorithms and solve programming problems.

Create a Curriculum Map

How can teachers ensure that they have covered all the core topics? How do you ascertain the connection between PEOs and PLOs? Addressing and answering these questions is important to monitor the overall progress of the course, program, and students.

Furthermore, a curriculum map can be a spreadsheet, table, chart, or mindmap; it depends on the educator’s preference. It must include the following features:

• Topics or Units: The primary themes or focus areas of the program.
• Learning Objectives: Particular measurable goals according to each topic and area.
• Instructional Methods: teaching methodologies and pedagogies that teachers use within the classroom, helping students attain objectives.
• Assessments: evaluation techniques and strategies that teachers use to assess student learning and individual progress.
• Timeline: A timeframe for exploring each topic within the program’s schedule.

Developing Assessment Strategies

One of the main objectives of outcome-based education is to ensure the development of all students. Therefore, employing outdated assessment techniques is ineffective as it serves to assess subject-related knowledge.

On the contrary, implementing different types of assessment techniques helps measure student achievement in terms of learning outcomes. Some of the effective assessment techniques include:

• Individual or group projects: These allow learners to research, plan, and develop projects that showcase their understanding and application of skills.
• Presentations: Students present their findings, solutions, and analyses.
• Self-Assessment and Peer Review: Learners reflect on what they have learned so far, helping to identify areas of strength and weakness. On the other hand, peer reviews provide a chance to exchange constructive feedback with each other.

Use Rubrics

Rubrics are useful tools as they provide clear guidelines for students and teachers and help them identify quality performance with regard to learning outcomes. The first step in building a rubric includes recognizing the key criteria relating to different aspects of students’ performance.

The second step includes establishing precise performance levels for each criterion; the levels can range from "unsatisfactory" to "exemplary" and describe the quality of work. Also, using clear and concise language to describe the different performance levels is important.

Implement Changes

Flexibility is a crucial feature of OBE , making it feasible for teachers to use different approaches whenever a particular technique does not work out. It includes updating the program strategy according to the learning requirements.

Likewise, teachers can use a different assessment method if a particular method does not align with student learning outcomes.

Continuous Improvement

Outcome-based education is an ongoing process that requires ongoing evaluation through different mechanisms. Educators and institutes ensure continuous improvement through the following process:

• Data Gathering: Teachers collect student performance-related data regularly through surveys, assessments, and feedback mechanisms.
• Results Analysis: Analyzing the data to point out areas where students have been doing well and areas for improvement.

Moreover, educators use the data to re-evaluate and refine the learning outcomes, ensuring that they are relevant to the program goals. Likewise, they modify the curriculum content, teaching methods, and learning activities depending on students’ activity data.

In Conclusion,

Outcome-based education is a strategic pedagogical approach that utilizes various methods to improve student's capabilities. It focuses on the overall development of students and enhances their skills, knowledge, and capabilities.

It is one of the most prominent educational techniques because it helps to address varied student learning needs and helps to attain learning outcomes.

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15 Best Competency Based Degree Programs [2024 Guide]

We’ve ranked the 15 Best Competency Based Degree Programs for 2024. Compare schools offering competency based degrees online & on campus.

What if I told you that there was a way you could earn a degree faster than a traditional degree without the need to attend regular classes?

It might sound too good to be true, but with the increasing availability of competency based degree programs, this is the fastest way to get a bachelor’s degree for some students. Instead of spending hours in a classroom stressing about a semester after semester of attending lectures, you can now earn a degree on a schedule that fits your busy life.

Editorial Listing ShortCode:

List of Schools Offering Competency Based Degree Programs

Methodology: The following school list is in alphabetical order. To be included, a college or university must be regionally accredited and offer online competency based degree programs.

1. Anderson University

Anderson University’s FLEX program offers a competency-based, self-paced format designed for non-traditional students. It includes a variety of programs in fields such as criminal justice, human services, healthcare management, and nursing. Ideal for busy adults, FLEX allows learners to progress quickly by leveraging prior knowledge and experience.

• Online Bachelor of Arts in Criminal Justice
• Online Bachelor of Human Services
• Online Bachelor of Human Services in Behavioral Health
• Online Bachelor of Human Services in Gerontology
• Online Bachelor of Science in Health Care Management
• Online Bachelor of Science in Nursing (RN to BSN)

Anderson is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

2. Capella University

Capella University’s FlexPath offers a competency-based education model allowing students to progress at their own pace.

Spanning bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral programs in fields such as business, health care administration, information technology, psychology, and nursing, FlexPath emphasizes mastery of specific skills and knowledge, providing a personalized and flexible learning experience tailored to individual progress and prior experience.

• Online Bachelor of Science in Business
• Online Bachelor of Science in Health Care Administration
• Online Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
• Online Bachelor of Science in Psychology
• Online Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN)
• Online Master of Business Administration (MBA)
• Online Master of Health Administration (MHA)
• Online Master of Science in Human Resource Management
• Online Master of Science in Psychology
• Online Master of Science in Nursing (MSN)
• Online Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)
• Online Doctor of Human Services (DHS)
• Online Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)
• Online Doctor of Education (EdD)

Capella is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

3. Indiana Wesleyan University

Indiana Wesleyan University offers competency-based programs in Management and Elementary Teaching. These programs let students progress by demonstrating mastery of skills and knowledge, leveraging their existing expertise to accelerate completion. Flexible and self-paced, they cater to working adults, allowing them to apply real-world experiences and receive personalized support, ensuring an efficient path to earning a degree.

• Online Bachelor of Science – Management
• Online Competency Based TTT Elementary Education Graduate Certificate

Indiana Wesleyan University is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission.

4. Purdue University – Global

Purdue Global’s ExcelTrack™ is a competency-based education program that allows students to control their learning pace. Ideal for working professionals, it offers bachelor’s and master’s degrees with flexible start dates and a subscription-based tuition model. Students demonstrate mastery of skills to progress, enabling faster, more affordable degree completion tailored to individual schedules and experiences.

• Online Bachelor’s in Analytics
• Online Bachelor’s in Business Administration
• Online Bachelor’s in Cloud Computing and Solutions
• Online Bachelor’s in Criminal Justice
• Online Bachelor’s in Cybersecurity
• Online Bachelor’s in Health Care Administration
• Online Bachelor’s in Information Technology
• Online Bachelor’s in Nursing (RN-to-BSN)
• Online Executive Leader Postgraduate Certificate for Nurses

PG is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

5. Rasmussen University

Rasmussen University’s Empowered Learning® offers a competency-based, self-paced education model. It allows students to demonstrate skills through real-world projects instead of traditional tests. The flexible format lets students manage their pace, speeding up or slowing down as needed. This method is designed for working professionals and offers bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral programs in various fields.

• Online Bachelor’s in Accounting
• Online Bachelor’s in Business Management
• Online Bachelor’s in Early Childhood Education
• Online Bachelor’s in Finance
• Online Bachelor’s in Graphic Design
• Online Bachelor’s in Health and Wellness
• Online Bachelor’s in Health Information Management
• Online Bachelor’s in Healthcare Management
• Online bachelor’s in Human Resources and Organizational Leadership
• Online Bachelor’s in Marketing
• Online bachelor’s in Supply Chain & Logistics Management
• Online RN to BSN
• Online Master of Healthcare Administration (MHA)
• Online Master of Human Resources Management (MHRM)
• Online Master of Public Health (MPH)

Rasmussen University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

6. South Texas College

South Texas College offers nine 100% online competency-based education programs designed for flexible, self-paced learning. Students progress by mastering specific skills and can accelerate completion using prior knowledge. The programs feature 7-week online courses, with practical application and personalized support, ideal for working adults seeking efficient degree attainment tailored to individual needs.

• Accounting Clerk Certificate
• Associate of Applied Science in Child Development and Early Childhood
• Computer Applications Specialist Certificate
• Information and Network Systems Certificate
• Public Services Assistant Certificate
• Bachelor of Applied Science in Organizational Leadership
• Bachelor of Applied Technology in Computer and Information Technologies
• Bachelor of Applied Technology in Medical and Health Services Management
• Bachelor of Applied Technology in Operations Management

South Texas College is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

7. Southern New Hampshire University

Southern New Hampshire University’s competency-based learning model allows students to earn degrees through mastery of specific skills rather than traditional coursework. Programs are project-based and self-paced, offering flexibility and affordability. This model is designed to meet the needs of working professionals and underserved communities, supporting career advancement and educational access.

• Certificate in Healthcare Management Fundamentals
• Associate in Arts General Studies
• Associate in Arts Healthcare Management
• Bachelor of Arts in Communication
• Bachelor of Arts in Healthcare Management
• Bachelor of Arts in Management

SNHU is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.

8. Texas A&M University – Commerce

The Bachelor of Applied Arts and Sciences (BAAS) in Organizational Leadership at Texas A&M University-Commerce is a competency-based program designed for flexibility and accelerated completion. Students can finish in as little as 12 months, depending on their pace. The program requires 120 credit hours, with 60 credits for the major coursework.

• Online BAAS in Organizational Leadership

Texas A&M University- Commerce is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges.

9. University of Louisville

The Bachelor of Science in Organizational Leadership and Learning (BSOLL) at the University of Louisville is an online program designed for working professionals. It offers flexible learning, allowing credits for prior work and military experience. The program includes nine specialized tracks and can be completed in as few as three semesters full-time.

• Online Bachelor’s in Organizational Leadership and Learning – Healthcare Leadership

UL is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

10. University of Massachusetts – Global

UMass Global offers self-paced learning through its MyPath program, allowing students to progress at their own speed. This competency-based education model enables learners to master skills and knowledge flexibly, ideal for working professionals. With no set class times, students can complete courses at their convenience, balancing education with personal and professional commitments.

• Online Associate of Arts (AA) in General Business
• Online Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) in General Business
• Online BBA in GIS and Data Analytics
• Online BBA in Information Systems Management
• Online BBA in Management & Organizational Leadership
• Online BBA in Marketing
• Online BBA in Supply Chain Management and Logistics
• Online Bachelor of Science (BS) in Information Technology
• Online BS in Information Technology – Data Science
• Online Master of Arts in Organizational Leadership (MAOL)

The University of Massachusetts Global is accredited by the WSCUC Senior College and University Commission.

11. University of Phoenix

The University of Phoenix offers competency-based degrees that can be completed in less than a year. Students can progress at their own pace, typically taking about four months to complete four courses, one at a time. This flexible program allows for accelerated learning, making it ideal for working adults who want to leverage their existing knowledge and experience.

• Online RN to Bachelor of Science in Nursing (Competency Based-CB)
• Master of Business Administration (Competency Based-CB)
• Master of Health Administration (Competency Based-CB)
• Master of Information Systems (Competency Based-CB)

The University of Phoenix is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

12. University of Wisconsin

The University of Wisconsin Flexible Option (UW Flex) is a self-paced, competency-based education program tailored for busy adults. It offers a variety of credentials, including 1 associate degree, 5 bachelor’s completion degrees, 4 certificates, and 1 microcredential. This innovative format allows students to demonstrate mastery of skills at their own pace, providing flexibility, affordability, and personalized learning pathways for working professionals.

• Online Associate’s in Arts and Science
• Online Bachelor’s in Biomedical Sciences Diagnostic Imaging
• Online Bachelor’s in Biomedical Sciences Health Sciences
• Online Bachelor’s in Information Science and Technology
• Online Bachelor’s in Nursing (RN to BSN)

UW is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

13. Walden University

Walden University offers flexible learning options designed for busy professionals. Their competency-based Tempo Learning® program spans over 25 programs and specializations, allowing students to progress at their own pace by demonstrating mastery of specific skills. This innovative approach includes bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degrees, providing the flexibility to balance education with work and personal commitments.

• Online Bachelor’s in Early Childhood Studies
• Online Bachelor’s in Nursing (RN-BSN)
• Online Master’s in Early Childhood Studies
• Online Master’s in Healthcare Administration

Walden is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

14. Western Governors University

Western Governors University (WGU) offers a competency-based learning model for busy adults. Students progress at their own pace by mastering subjects, supported by faculty mentors. This flexible, online approach suits working professionals, offering bachelor’s and master’s degrees. WGU’s model provides an affordable, efficient path to earning a degree tailored to individual schedules.

• Online Bachelor’s in Elementary Education
• Online Bachelor’s in Health Information Management
• Online Bachelor’s in Mathematics Education
• Online Bachelor’s in Science Education
• Online Bachelor’s in Special Education
• Online Master’s in Elementary Education
• Online Master’s in English Education
• Online Master’s in Mathematics Education
• Online Master’s in Nursing
• Online Master’s in Science Education

WGU is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities.

15. Westminster University

Westminster University’s Professional and Continuing Education offers customized trainings, certificates, and programs designed for flexibility and practical skill enhancement.

The programs are tailored to meet individual and organizational needs, with flexible scheduling and online options to accommodate busy professionals. Participants engage in real-world projects and hands-on learning, ensuring immediate application of new skills in their careers.

• Online Bachelor of Business Administration
• Online Project-Based Master of Business Administration (MBA)

Westminster is accredited by the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities.

Competency Based Degrees vs. Traditional Degrees

What does “competency based” even mean? The first thing you need to know about a competency based program is how it differs from a traditional degree. To put it simply, the difference lies in the way that you will earn your degree.

Traditional Degrees

• Semester-long courses
• Set a time for graduation
• Options for on-campus and online classes
• Standard general education credits
• Limited flexibility to work around your schedule
• Per-credit tuition fees
• Letter-based grading system

Competency Based Degrees

• Work at your own pace
• Classes scheduled on three- to six-month terms
• Courses based upon mastering skills and self-study
• Online classes
• Highest level of flexibility to suit your schedule
• Tuition paid per term—regardless of the number of credits earned
• Pass/fail grading system

As you can see, there are a lot of differences in the structure of how your courses are set up in a competency based degree vs. a traditional degree.

Instead of attending college classes every week and earning a letter grade for completion at the end of the semester, in a competency based program, you can work at your own pace and submit an assessment and/or portfolio when you feel you have mastered the course.

What Are the Benefits of a Competency Based Degree?

If you are a highly-motivated student who thrives on independent learning, this type of degree could be the ideal choice for you. There are several benefits to earning a degree through a competency based program, including:

• Ability to quickly move past classes you already have mastered
• Collaboration with a mentor to keep you on-track
• Complete flexibility with your class schedule
• Potential for lower tuition costs
• Faster degree completion

The flexibility of this type of program could be a great option if you are an adult student who is also trying to juggle the demands of career and family life along with earning a degree!

What Are the Drawbacks of a Competency Based Degree?

The up-side of a competency based degree sounds really appealing, but there are always going to be challenges regardless of the type of degree program you choose. Before committing to this type of degree, consider the following drawbacks:

• Time management and independent study skills are necessities
• Procrastinating on course completion can make your degree much less cost-efficient
• Transfer credits are not always accepted—for both in and out transfers
• Finding a reputable school takes some research

Overall, the biggest drawback to competency based learning is the potential of paying for an entire term without earning any credits if you procrastinate. If you choose not to complete your competencies in the term’s timeframe, you’ll still end up paying the tuition fee and have nothing to show for it.

How Are Competency Based Degrees Structured?

Competency based programs focus on developing an understanding of real-world skills that are essential for employment after graduating with your degree. Because of this, you will not take traditional “classes.” Instead, you will work towards mastery of the competencies through self-study and eventually pass an exam that allows you to complete the class.

The typical competency based degree is structured in a format similar to the following:

• You pay tuition for one term (typically three to six months) and complete as many competency units as possible during that timeframe.
• A minimum number of competency units are recommended per term in order to keep your degree program on track.
• Competency units are earned through the successful completion of a course exam , portfolio, or capstone project.
• Generally, grades in this type of program are on a pass/no pass basis.
• You will be guided through your program by a mentor that will help you stay on schedule for completing your degree.

Some schools also offer a slightly more structured form of competency degree, in which you will have assignments/deadlines sent to you each week to help keep you on pace.

How Will I Attend Classes?

Since competency based degrees are based upon self-paced study, you will not be attending a typical classroom setting to learn the skills in your classes. Instead, each aspect of your courses will be built around the development of practical and critical thinking skills that translate directly to your future field.

To accomplish such an independent pace for your degree, you will be taking your classes online—which is a huge plus for many working adult students!

Benefits of Online Classes

Taking an online class can give you the freedom to log-on to your coursework at a time that fits into your busy life, which is exactly why they are used with competency based degree programs.

Benefits that can come from taking classes online instead of sitting through in-person lectures include:

• Freedom to work on courses when it’s convenient for you
• Ability to spend more time on challenging subjects
• Access to extensive online resources and support
• Connection with faculty and other students through the online portal
• Potential for lower tuition and textbook costs

By giving you the freedom to attend classes online and work at a truly independent pace, a competency based degree is the ultimate in flexible higher education.

What Colleges Offer Competency Based Programs?

Now that you’ve learned a little about what a competency based program is, you’re probably wondering where you can find this type of degree!

While competency based education is a relatively new concept, more accredited schools have begun offering this type of program based upon the needs of their changing student body. There are several schools throughout the country that offer quality competency based degrees, but we’ll give you a few facts about two of the most popular:

Western Governors University (WGU)

WGU is a pioneer with competency based learning, and they offer a large variety of degree programs that can be earned through this format.

Here are a few quick facts about what makes WGU competency based degrees stand out from a traditional school:

• Degrees offered in Teaching, Business, IT, and Health
• Six-month term paid at a flat rate
• One-on-one guidance from a student mentor
• Regional and specialized accreditation
• Programs that meet requirements for licensure
• Bachelor’s and Master’s level degree programs

With its variety of degree options and proven professional track record, WGU is a great starting point for researching the possibility of earning your competency based degree.

Capella University

Capella is a unique competency based college because it offers you the option of choosing a self-directed degree ( FlexPath) or a more traditionally-guided degree experience ( GuidedPath). Regardless of the path you choose, the school offers the following:

• Professionally aligned curriculum
• Regional and professional accreditation
• Business, Health Care, IT, Nursing, and Psychology degree programs
• Certificate, Bachelor’s, and Master’s level degrees
• Doctoral degrees offered in GuidedPath
• FlexPath option allows flat-rate tuition based on a 12-week term
• GuidedPath option offers higher-level of structure and guidance

By offering a variety of methods and options for earning your competency based degree, Capella does a good job of catering to a diverse student body with a variety of needs.

Choosing a Competency Based School

Whether you choose WGU, Capella, or one of the other universities that are beginning to offer competency based degrees, you need to make sure that your new college lives up to your expectations! After all, the last thing you want is to spend money and time on a degree that won’t hold up in the professional workplace.

Take the following into consideration when you start researching different competency based programs:

• Is the school accredited? What type of accreditation do they have?
• What student support services are available?
• What are the school’s graduation and retention rates?
• Are you able to transfer credits in and out of the school?
• Are the fees economical for the course-load you will be able to complete?
• What about financial aid?

By doing your research beforehand, you can give yourself a head start in getting into a program that meets your needs and your budget.

How Long Does It Take to Earn a Competency Based Degree?

This is the million-dollar question in a lot of ways, especially since students looking into this type of program are typically trying to earn their degree as quickly as possible! However, there is no black-and-white answer to this question. Many factors play into how fast you reach graduation, including:

• Ability to transfer in credits from the previous schooling
• Knowledge of skills demonstrated through credits for prior learning
• Restrictions on the number of competency courses that can be taken at a time
• Number of units you are able to complete each term

To get a better idea of how fast you are likely to finish your degree, reach out to your target school during the research process. They should be able to provide you with average degree completion timeframes and statistics that will give you a clearer picture of what to expect.

Can a Competency Based Degree Save Me Money?

When it comes down to it, the answer is yes… but how much money you save is ultimately up to you! As discussed earlier, competency based degrees are often great for those who can quickly complete units and get through a number of self paced college courses each term.

On the flip-side, if you only complete a couple of units each term, the flat-rate cost will quickly wind up being much more expensive than the few credits you earned.

In short, the best way to save money on a competency based degree is to go above and beyond in completing as many units as possible for each term.

Financial Aid for Competency Based Degrees

So, what do you do when you know you can complete the course units quickly, but you’re still stressing about paying the term fee to get started?

Luckily, many of these schools accept financial aid to help students in need still earn their degrees! Financial aid can come in a number of ways that can be used to help lower the cost of your degree program, including:

• Student loans
• Federal and state grants
• Scholarships
• Employer tuition programs
• Military discounts

The first step towards seeing what type of aid you are eligible for is filling out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) as early as possible every year.

This federal form will help give you a clear idea of which grants you are eligible for and information you need if student loans are the best option for you. From there, check with your individual school to see what type of aid they offer to their students.

What Is a Competency Based Degree?

A competency based degree describes the style of learning. You work at your own pace and submit your coursework at the end when you’re ready to prove your competency for mastering the material. Your diploma will not show that you earned a competency based degree. It will say the same as everyone else’s degree in that course of study.

How Does Competency Based Education Work?

In a competency based program, you work at your own pace and pay by period rather than class. You can complete as many classes as you can in that timeframe for one price. When you’ve mastered the material, you turn in your portfolio of completed work.

Is a Degree from Capella Respected?

Yes, a degree from Capella is respected. They are regionally accredited, so any type of degree they offer is considered to be of high-quality.

Is WGU a Respected Degree?

Yes, a degree from WGU (Western Governors University) is respected. They maintain proper accreditation at the regional level and can therefore assure students of a high-quality education in every type of program.

Make the Most of Your Time with Competency Based Degree Programs

Now that you know all the basics of how a competency based degree program works, it’s time to take the first step toward your future. With its flexible structure, this type of degree can be the ideal way to make your education fit into your busy daily life.

Whether you want to earn a degree to get a promotion or you want to go back to school to finish a degree you started years ago, these programs, including competency based masters programs , could be your path to reaching your long-term goals.

What is Competency-Based Education?

AACN defines competency-based education as “a system of instruction, assessment, feedback, self-reflection, and academic reporting that is based on students demonstrating that they have learned the knowledge, attitudes, motivations, self-perceptions, and skills expected of them as they progress through their education.” 

Other organizations define competency-based education differently, including the U.S. Department of Education, which more narrowly defines this term as education “that organizes academic content according to competencies—what a student knows and can do—rather than following a more traditional scheme, such as by course.” Nursing programs are encouraged to institute a process to ensure curricula address the competencies delineated in the Essentials and assess student achievement of those competencies. 

Note: AACN does not require schools to move to time-variable education or organize academic content according to competencies instead of by course. We anticipate most programs will continue to organize academic content by course. Even so, AACN reminds nursing programs that accrediting agencies and state boards of nursing may require notification or approval of substantive changes proposed to implement the Essentials framework, depending on the extent and nature of the proposed changes. 

What CBE is not

• A checklist of tasks
• A one-and-done experience or demonstration
• Isolated in one sphere of care or context
• Demonstrated solely on an objective test

Basic principles of CBE

• Shifts the primary focus of education to the desired outcomes for learners rather than the structure and process of the educational system (Backward design).
• A set of expectations that, when taken collectively, demonstrate what learners can do with what they know.
• Demonstrated across all spheres of care and in multiple contexts.
• Clear expectations are made explicit to learners, employers, and the public.
• A result of determined (planned and repeated) practice.
• Visibly demonstrated and assessed over time by multiple methods and multiple assessors.  

What are the benefits of CBE?

• Makes the student the center of learning and responsible for their learning
• Improves equity by serving diverse learners
• Mitigates bias using formative and focused feedback from multiple assessors using multiple methods Helps the student relate specific courses and learning experiences to the development of overall competencies
• Clarifies faculty expectations regarding student development/performance and allows the faculty to hold students accountable for prior learning
• Relates curriculum and course work to life and professional expectations
• Establishes in an objective way the rigor of the curriculum
• Promotes faculty development about teaching effectiveness – faculty move to the role of coach
• Creates a community of faculty with common goals and expectations for student development
• Provides an overall cohesive framework for course and program design and development
• Improves the quality of nursing education to meet the demands, challenges and opportunities of the future.
• Requires internal motivation, a collaborative culture, and the continuous cycle of using assessment data and our collective wisdom to improve teaching and learning and to assure the competence of our graduates 

Featured Videos

The dean's role in competency-based education.

What is Competency Based Education?

Additional Videos

Dr. Jean Bartels’ Video on Competency-Based Education December 2020 [Video Length - 63 minutes]

Dr. Jean Bartels’ Video on Competency-Based Education November 2019 [Video Length - 23 minutes]

CBE Q&A with Dr. Robert Englander

Dr. Robert Englander is a member of AACN’s Assessment Expert Working Group, which is helping to identify the role AACN should take in addressing competency assessment as well as possible strategies for competency assessment. Read Dr. Englanders recent interview in AACN's Syllabus for more insight on CBE and assessment.

Read the Q&A

CBE Resources

Guiding Principles for Competency-Based Education and Assessment

Webinars & Programs

Giddens, J. (2020). Demystifying concept-based and competency-based approaches.  Journal of Nursing Education , 59(3):123-124.

Kavanagh, J. & Sharpnack, P. (2021) Crisis in competency: A defining moment in nursing education.  OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing , 26(1), Manuscript 2. Accessible online at  https://www.doi.org/10.3912/OJIN.Vol26No01Man02

Moreau, K.A (2021). Exploring the connection between programmatic assessment and program evaluation within competency-based medical education programs.  Medical Teacher , 43(3):250-252.

Carol Carraccio, MD, MA, Robert Englander, MD, MPH, Elaine Van Melle, PhD, Olle ten Cate, PhD, Jocelyn Lockyer, PhD, Ming-Ka Chan, MD, MHPE, Jason R. Frank, MD, MA(Ed), and Linda S. Snell, MD, on behalf of the International Competency-Based Medical Education Collaborators   Advancing Competency-Based Medical Education: A Charter for Clinician–Educators.   Academic Medicine , Vol. 91, No. 5 / May 2016

Competency Based Education: What It Is and 6 Main Principles to Use at School

Written by Ryan Juraschka

• School Leaders
• School Leadership
• Teaching Strategies

• What is competency based education?
• How does it differ from traditional education?
• Which principles should a competency based education system follow?
• What are some competency based education models?
• How are other schools using this method?

The search for better  teaching strategies will never end. As a school leader, you probably spend too much of your time thinking about how to improve the learning experience of the students that pass through your school throughout the years.

After all, what they learn (and how they learn it) will become a part of these students as they grow, hopefully helping them become successful adults.

This is the main goal of competency based education : giving each student equal opportunity to master necessary skills and become successful adults.

If you’re looking for the answers, keep reading. By the end of this article, you’ll be ready to start using a competency based education system in your school.

In basic terms, competency based education means that, instead of focusing on grades and yearly curriculum schedules, the main focus is placed on how competent each student is in the subject.

This means that students can only move forward when they can demonstrate mastery.

Competency based education and personalized learning really go hand-in-hand. By personalizing the learning experience for each individual student, teachers ensure that each student has full mastery before they can move forward.

This way, the goal of equity is achieved: students move forward at their own pace, but everyone in the class achieves mastery.

Competency based education gives a clear focus on preparing students for the next stage of their life, whether it be college or a career.

What’s the difference between competency based education and traditional education?

Let’s discuss three main differences:

In traditional education, the year is set out in advance for every student. Thus, at the end of each unit, every student must move forward, whether or not they fully understand the material or have mastered the necessary skills. All students in a classroom must be the same age.

Credit: CompetencyWorks

On the other hand, competency based education is flexible to the students and where they are in the learning process. That means students are given the support they need individually to move forward and master the subject and inherent skills. Instead of moving forward based on age, students move forward based on where they are and what they are capable of.

Learning outcomes

Traditionally, learning outcomes are focused on memorization and comprehension with the goal of passing tests.

In competency based learning, the focus is placed on deep understanding that is demonstrated through application. This means that learning outcomes are proven by action, and focus on building the skills students need to become better learners into adulthood.

Traditional grades are made up of test scores, assignments, and behavior. 

Competency based education scores are based on the performance levels of each student, without bias.

Credit: Educational Technology and Mobile Learning

With personalized and creative assessments, teachers are able to collect and understand data on student progress. Then, they use this data do develop scores that are transparent and help both students and parents to understand what’s really going on.

Competency based education pros and cons

There are both benefits and disadvantages to using a competency based education system in your school.

• Flexibility for all types of students, no matter their knowledge backgrounds or literacy levels
• Bias is removed, and equity is achieved
• Students are better prepared with the skills necessary to succeed as adults
• Students learn how to be better learners, and take responsibility for their education
• Key competencies must be determined and defined for each class, which is difficult
• Assessments must be more meaningful and creative
• Teachers must be constantly aware of student progress, and thus be ready to jump in and help a student who doesn’t understand or isn’t on track to graduate at 18

All this being said, the disadvantages mentioned above can be overcome. By building a well-informed, research-based system, competency based education can succeed.

This will present challenges for school leadership. But the end result will be students who are better prepared for life as adults.

So, how can you build a competency based education system in your school?

The 6 main principles of competency based education:

1. equity is set before all else.

Equity does not mean giving each student the same thing as everyone else. Instead, it means giving each student what they need to reach the same end goal.

This is a main principle of competency based education because it purposely seeks to understand and remove bias in school leadership. Students are taught and supported based on their personal strengths and weaknesses, giving each individual the same chances for success. Thus, the predictability of achievement based on culture, social class, household income, or language is completely removed.

Competency based education also helps create an inclusive culture where all students feel safe and respected.

2. Classes emphasize measurable competencies that help build skills for life

Competencies must be defined in advance and set as learning objectives for each student.

What are these competencies based on?

Rather than just testing for head knowledge, competencies focus on the practical understanding that a student has of the subject.

These competencies can be based on:

• Understanding of key concepts
• Ability to apply knowledge to meaningful problems
• Mastery of relevant skills

Credit: My Riverside

In order for the results to be measured, competencies must be defined in advance by school leadership. Don’t try to do this alone: get the input of the whole teaching staff to develop ideas on what knowledge and skills are necessary to determine mastery.

3. Transparency helps students take ownership

What is the end goal for each student in a particular class?

The answer to this question shouldn’t only be available to teachers.

The learning objectives that are set for the class (and the school as a whole) should be clear to both students and parents.

In a competency based education system, students understand these three things when starting the class:

• What they need to learn
• How mastery is defined
• How they will be assessed

When each student has the end goal clear in mind, they’ll take more responsibility for their own education.

For example, a student understands that he needs to take his understanding of math and apply it by completing the project of designing a small garden. He needs to use math skills to measure the size of the area and determine how many plants will fit.

If the student clearly understands what he needs to do in order to be proficient and move forward in the class, he’ll take more ownership over his education. Then, when he hits a snag in the project or lacks the knowledge to finish it properly, he’ll realize on his own that he needs help.

Transparent goals and outcomes thus help students take responsibility for their learning path. This ownership, in turn, helps them become better learners now and into adulthood.

4. Students get the support they need individually

Following our example above, let’s say the student has a problem with his garden project and comes to the conclusion that he needs help.

This is where teacher availability comes into the picture. In a competency based education environment, students should have a framework to understand how long they should work on a problem before asking for help, and when in the class time they can approach the teacher.

Curriculum-aligned math programs like Prodigy Math are used by millions of teachers for this very reason: they help support individualized instruction while making learning fun and engaging.

Competency based education works through bias and produces equity, as discussed above. So, as teachers work with students through their different weaknesses and help them draw on their strengths, each student is moved forward towards mastery on a unique (but equally effective) path. This personalized learning experience gives each student an equal opportunity for success.

For this process to work smoothly, though, teachers must be available to help students. Also, they can’t just rely on students asking for help: teachers need to be fully aware of each student’s progress.

5. Teachers assess for growth and mastery

Assessments come in many shapes and sizes. Here are three types of assessments that are especially useful for competency based education:

Formative assessments

These assessments help teachers to determine where each student is in the learning process and adjust their teaching as necessary.

Formative assessments give teachers the ability to adjust in real time by clearly identifying the key areas where students need to improve.

For example, teachers may ask students to submit a video essay, or create a digital portfolio that can be shared online. These types of assessments allow students to demonstrate their understanding of the subject, which is the basis for competency based learning. Then, the teacher can adjust the next lesson accordingly, or plan one-on-one time with students who showed less understanding of the subject.

Authentic assessments

Getting students to take their knowledge and apply it to real world situations is another great way to demonstrate mastery. Plus, students get to develop skills that they’ll need in the future.

Credit: It's Lit Teaching

Authentic assessments might include using English knowledge to write a cover letter for a job application, or using an understanding of physics to design and build a stable tower out of toothpicks and marshmallows.

Digital content assessment

When using tech in the classroom, assessment become a lot easier. Many classroom softwares include assessment and progress reporting, which helps teachers see exactly where each student is in the learning process.

In Prodigy, for example, teachers can create spiral assessments by selecting certain topics to be covered, which are updated in-game for students. Then, they can check the Topic Coverage Report to see how much of each domain students have already covered and where they’re struggling.

6. Students move forward when they demonstrate mastery

By including regular assessments and data-based progress reporting, teachers understand where each individual student is in the learning process.

When students demonstrate a clear understanding of the topic, prove their ability to apply that understanding, and show how they’ve developed important skills, it’s time for them to move forward.

So, how is competency based education organized? Let’s discuss the four models of competency based education.

Competency based education models

The report Levers and Logic Models: A Framework to Guide Research and Design of High-Quality Competency-Based Education Systems by iNACOL and CompetencyWorks identified four competency based education models that should form the framework of a good system.

All four of these models work together and help each other by developing clear guidelines for culture and experience, thus giving students the best possible education.

Student experience

The student experience is shaped by how the learning structure is designed. This means including universal design and allowing for different paths to success.

Next, teachers must give personalized instruction , feedback, and support to each student. Students should be taught in a way that builds on their prior knowledge, and engage with the material in different ways such as through practice, dialogue, and project-based learning.

Finally, assessments must demonstrate mastery of the subject, allowing all students to advance when they’re fully competent.

Professional practice

Teachers must have the right materials, including data and learning systems. That way, they can provide transparent feedback and improve the quality of their teaching. Teachers should also design the classroom in a way that allows for inclusion, promotes relationships, and develops mastery.

All school faculty have a share in developing relationships as well. To implement a solid competency based education system, teachers must build relationships with each other, with students, and with parents in order to effectively personalize the lessons.

The professional practice model of competency based education also includes constant improvement. All those involved in the students’ learning and progress should regularly work to improve themselves and their teaching based on research and student data.

School systems

The school systems (whether they be state, district, or other educational networks), have the responsibility to shape and sustain competency based education systems in the schools they work with.

When school systems get involved in determining the framework of their schools’ competency based education systems, this provides uniformity and coherence across the network. This helps teachers to have a clear definition of what mastery looks like, which competencies are important, and the assessments they should be using, while still giving them flexibility at a local level.

School culture

Tying all of these models together, school culture forms the basis for the active use of a competency based education system. Each of the above models plays an important part in developing a school culture that accepts and uses the competency based learning system for the benefit of all students.

School culture should include inclusiveness, equity, empowerment, and flexibility.

Competency based education examples

Many schools have already adopted a competency based education system. Let’s discuss three examples to see how they’ve done so, and the results.

Latin School of Chicago

At Latin, competency-based learning is used in foreign language classes to group students who are closest in their language abilities. This means students of different ages may be in the same class since this is where they best fit in abilities, instead of moving automatically from Spanish 1 to Spanish 2 at the end of the year.

Bing Wang, a Chinese language teacher, shared his experience . While he was getting ready to finish one lesson, a student asked for another essay practice. This student recognized on her own where she was lacking in application, and realized she needed more practice.

This experience shows how the move to a competency based system helps students hold themselves accountable for their own education.

Henrico County Public Schools, Virginia

The Portrait of a Graduate project , developed by non-profit Battelle for Kids, has been used by many schools to develop a clear view of what defines a successful high school graduate.

The Henrico County Public Schools developed a profile based on six different attributes:

• Quality character
• Global citizen
• Communicator
• Collaborator
• Critical Thinker
• Creative Thinker

This definition then helped them develop the ‘how’ with four clear pillars that are in line with the competency based education system:

• Learning is anytime, anywhere
• Learning is authentic and connected
• Learning is student-owned
• Learning is community supported

Credit: Portrait Of A Graduate

Hall-Dale Middle School, Maine

Math curriculum leader Daniel uses competency based education to help students use their strengths and interests to develop their learning skills.

For example, one student who was having trouble focusing on the lesson and understanding the math concepts involved happens to be a big fan of Pokemon. Aware of this interest, Daniel planned a personalized project for this student based on his own Pokemon cards. By playing on the student’s interests, Daniel got him to work through the problems and demonstrate his mastery of important math concepts.

Competency based education also helps free up class time for Daniel, allowing him to visit with students and help those who struggle. He also uses this time to set up targeted interventions and help students who are falling behind.

Conclusion: put competency based education to work in your school

Competency based education helps students develop and demonstrate mastery over a topic, builds a culture of equity and inclusivity, and prepares students for life beyond the walls of their school.

While this system does present unique challenges for school leadership, the benefits of overcoming those challenges far outweigh the time spent doing so.

Are you ready to put competency based education to work in your school?

Try Prodigy Math Game — the adaptive, curriculum-aligned math platform that helps students love learning mathTeachers can use Prodigy to:

• Align in-game adventures with classroom lessons
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• Send differentiated content and Assessments in just a few clicks

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Missions and Ministry: Exploring Faith-Based Education

Faith-based education offers a distinct approach to learning that integrates academic excellence with spiritual growth. This type of education is centered on a curriculum that intertwines theological principles with practical ministry skills, preparing students to serve in various capacities within religious organizations and communities. 

What Is Faith-Based Education?

Faith-based education combines academic instruction with religious teachings, aiming to develop students both intellectually and spiritually. This approach to education emphasizes moral and ethical development alongside traditional academic subjects.

Graduates of faith-based education programs in missions and ministry can pursue a wide range of faith careers. These include roles such as pastors, missionaries, nonprofit leaders, and educators within religious institutions. Additionally, many find opportunities in community outreach, counseling, and social work, where they can apply their knowledge and values to make a meaningful impact.

The Role of Faith in Learning Environments

In faith-based learning environments, faith plays a central role in shaping the curriculum and overall educational experience. Religious values and teachings are integrated into daily lessons, fostering students’ holistic development. This environment encourages students to explore and deepen their faith while also achieving academic success. Teachers may serve as spiritual mentors, guiding students in their personal faith journeys and encouraging a sense of community grounded in shared beliefs.

Comparing Secular and Faith-Based Educational Systems

Secular and faith-based educational systems differ substantially in their approach to education. While secular schools focus primarily on academic achievements and the development of critical thinking skills—avoiding explicit ties to any singular religion—faith-based schools incorporate religious teachings and values into their curricula. This integration of faith and learning is designed to nurture the whole person, promoting both intellectual and spiritual growth.

The Impact of Missions and Ministry on Education

Missions and ministry significantly influence faith-based education in terms of both the curriculum and the overall educational experience. This integration emphasizes service, compassion, and leadership, preparing students to make a meaningful impact in their communities and beyond.

How Missions Work Influences Educational Content

Missions work significantly influences the content and organization of faith-based educational programs. The curriculum often includes courses on theology, biblical studies, and missiology to equip students with a deep understanding of religious teachings and the practical skills needed for mission work. Students also engage in hands-on experiences through mission trips and community service projects, allowing them to apply their learning in real-world contexts.

Success Stories From Faith-Based Educational Institutions

Faith-based educational institutions have a proven track record of producing graduates who make considerable impacts in their fields and communities. One notable example is the College of the Ozarks in Missouri, often referred to as " Hard Work U ." This institution offers a unique work program where students work 15 hours a week and two 40-hour weeks per academic year in exchange for a tuition-free education. This model not only alleviates financial burdens but also instills a strong work ethic and sense of responsibility. The college boasts a retention rate of 80%, which is significantly higher than the national average​.

Another success story comes from Brigham Young University-Hawaii, which has implemented the  IWORK program to assist students from Oceania and the Asian Rim in affording an American higher education. Participants work part-time during the school year and full-time during breaks—receiving housing, food, tuition, fees, and a stipend. This program serves a diverse student body from more than 60 countries, many of whom come from low-income backgrounds. Despite these challenges, students in the IWORK program achieve academic outcomes on par with their peers, underscoring the program's success in fostering both academic and personal development​. 

Career Paths in Faith-Based Education

Faith-based education can lead to a variety of faith-based careers that integrate academic expertise with religious values. These careers not only involve teaching and administration but also extend into pastoral care and religious studies.

Teaching and Administrative Roles and Faith-Based Careers

High School Teachers

• Responsibilities – Teach academic lessons and life skills to prepare students for graduation and life beyond
• Requirements – Bachelor’s degree in education or related area as well as a state-issued certification or license
• Median annual wage –  $65,220

Principals (Elementary, Middle, High School)

• Responsibilities – Oversee school operations, manage staff, develop curriculum standards, and ensure safe and productive learning environments
• Requirements – Master’s degree in education administration or leadership
• Median annual wage –  $103,460

Postsecondary Education Administrators

• Responsibilities – Oversee student services, academic policies, and faculty research at colleges and universities
• Requirements – Master’s degree, related experience in education
• Median annual wage –  $102,610

Faith Career Opportunities in Religious Studies and Pastoral Care

Postsecondary Teachers (Religious Studies)

• Responsibilities – Teach courses on theology, religious history, ethics; conduct research and publish scholarly work
• Requirements – Advanced degrees (such as a PhD)
• Median annual wage –  $84,380

Pastoral Care (Chaplains, Pastoral Counselors)

• Responsibilities – Provide spiritual guidance and support, lead religious services, offer counseling, and foster community
• Requirements – Degrees in theology or divinity, plus skills in emotional and spiritual support
• Median annual wage (clergy) –  $58,920

Preparing for a Career in Faith-Based Education

Preparing for faith-based careers involves acquiring the necessary skills, qualifications, and academic training to effectively integrate faith and learning in educational settings. These faith careers require a unique blend of professional expertise and spiritual commitment to navigate the complexities of faith-based education successfully.

Essential Skills and Qualifications for Faith-Based Careers

Teaching and Communication Skills:

• Ability to clearly convey academic content and religious teachings
• Proficiency in creating engaging and inclusive learning environments
• Strong interpersonal skills to interact with students, parents, and colleagues

Leadership and Administrative Abilities:

• Competence in managing educational programs and staff
• Skills in organizing and overseeing school operations and activities
• Strategic planning and decision-making abilities for curriculum development and institutional policies

Religious and Ethical Knowledge:

• Deep understanding of religious doctrines, ethical principles, and spiritual practices
• Capability to provide spiritual guidance and support within educational contexts
• Commitment to upholding and promoting religious values and integrity

Emotional Intelligence and Counseling Skills:

• Empathy and emotional intelligence to support students' spiritual and emotional needs
• Training in pastoral care and counseling to offer effective guidance
• Capacity to create a nurturing and supportive educational environment

Recommended Academic and Training Programs for Faith Careers

Bachelor’s and Master’s Degrees in Education:

• Programs that offer a foundation in educational theory, instructional strategies, and classroom management
• Specialized courses in faith-based education to integrate religious teachings with academic instruction

Degrees in Theology or Divinity:

• Programs that provide comprehensive knowledge of religious texts, doctrines, and history
• Training in pastoral care, counseling, and spiritual leadership

Teacher Certification Programs:

• State-required certification programs for teaching in elementary, middle, and high schools
• Coursework and practical experience in instructional methods, classroom management, and student assessment

Professional Development and Continuing Education:

• Workshops, seminars, and conferences on the latest educational practices and technologies
• Opportunities for ongoing learning in religious studies, counseling, and educational leadership

The Global Perspective of Faith-Based Education

Faith-based education extends beyond local communities, impacting educational systems and societies around the globe. 

Case Studies of Faith-Based Education Around the World

Catholic schools in Uganda exemplify the notable impact of  faith-based education globally . These schools integrate academic education with moral and ethical teachings rooted in Catholic doctrine. This holistic approach ensures students receive a well-rounded education addressing their spiritual, intellectual, and physical needs, thereby contributing to broader community development. 

Similarly, in the United States, institutions like Notre Dame, Brigham Young University, and Yeshiva University highlight how faith-based education can combine rigorous academic programs with spiritual growth. These universities have implemented work-study programs to support first-generation and low-income students, demonstrating how faith and practical support can coexist to provide accessible higher education​.

In South Africa, faith-based education has been pivotal in promoting peace, reconciliation, and conflict resolution. Religious institutions have leveraged education as a tool to bridge divides and foster understanding among diverse communities. This case underscores the power of faith-based education to contribute to social cohesion and stability in post-conflict settings​.

Collaborations Between Faith-Based Institutions Internationally

Faith-based organizations are heavily involved in international social and economic development—exemplifying how religious institutions can extend their impact beyond national borders to global development initiatives. For instance, numerous U.S. faith-based non-governmental organizations (NGOs) significantly contribute to humanitarian efforts worldwide to provide essential services such as healthcare, education, disaster relief, and economic support​.

Global interfaith cooperation is another area where faith-based educational institutions collaborate internationally. Universities and religious organizations from different countries work together on interfaith initiatives to promote mutual understanding and address global challenges. Georgetown University’s Berkley Center, for example, engages in numerous projects that involve international faith-based partnerships focused on conflict resolution and social justice. Such collaborations showcase the potential of faith-based education to foster intercultural dialogue and address pressing global issues​.

Innovations in Faith-Based Education

Innovations in faith-based education are transforming how students engage with their learning environments. 

Technology and Online Learning Platforms

Faith-based educational institutions are increasingly  leveraging technology to enhance the learning experience while maintaining their core values. For instance, contemporary learning tools like virtual classrooms and interactive online platforms can provide a dynamic educational experience that aligns with Christian teachings. Online coursework allows students to engage in real-time discussions and interactive activities that foster both academic and spiritual growth. By blending traditional values with modern technology, institutions are able to offer a comprehensive education that prepares students for professional success and personal development​.

Community Outreach and Service-Learning Projects

Community outreach and service-learning projects are integral components of faith-based education, emphasizing the application of academic knowledge in real-world contexts to serve others. Institutions may incorporate service-learning into their curricula through programs that combine Christian worldview curriculum with character formation, life skills development, and career preparation, thus encouraging students to apply their learning in service to their communities. Through hands-on projects and small-group activities, students develop a deeper sense of social responsibility and practical skills that prepare them for future leadership roles​.

Another example is the collaborative efforts of faith-based universities in  East Africa , which focus on peacebuilding and conflict resolution through education. These institutions (including those in South Africa) engage in projects that foster tolerance and understanding among diverse communities. By integrating teachings on different religious beliefs and promoting interfaith dialogue, these universities contribute to social cohesion and stability in regions affected by conflict. 

Challenges Facing Faith-Based Education Today

Faith-based educational institutions encounter various challenges that affect their operations and their ability to integrate religious teachings with academic instruction. These challenges can influence the development of faith careers, too, where individuals seek to combine their professional paths with their religious beliefs and values.

Navigating Religious Freedom and Education Policies

Faith-based educational institutions face considerable challenges in navigating religious freedom and education policies. These schools must balance adherence to religious doctrines alongside compliance with secular regulations, particularly in areas such as anti-discrimination laws related to sexuality and gender. 

In addition, a substantial portion of the world's population lives in regions with high  restrictions on religious freedom , complicating the operations of faith-based schools. The U.S. Supreme Court's decisions in  cases like Board of Education v. Allen and Wisconsin v. Yoder illustrate the longstanding and ongoing legal complexities in maintaining religious practices within educational settings​—from concerns about secular learning materials to requirements surrounding children’s attendance at public schools.

The Future of Funding for Faith-Based Schools

Financial sustainability remains a  key issue for faith-based educational institutions. The high costs associated with private education (including tuition, textbooks, and accommodation) pose barriers to enrollment. Reports indicate that the average cost of attending a private university is significantly higher than public institutions, making it difficult for faith-based schools to attract and retain students. Institutions are addressing these financial challenges by expanding online education programs, which offer cost-effective, high-quality education while maintaining their religious foundations.

Explore Faith-Based Education at UC

Are you passionate about making a difference through a faith-based career and education? University of the Cumberlands offers a range of programs designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills needed for impactful ministry work. 

Explore our Missions & Ministry bachelor’s degree and pre-seminary undergraduate degree program, or advance your existing expertise with our online Master of Arts in Christian Studies . Whether you aim to lead a congregation, engage in mission work, or pursue advanced theological studies, UC's programs are tailored to support your spiritual and professional growth. Apply today to join a community dedicated to faith, service, and leadership. 

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Competency-Based Education: The Why, What, and How

An Overview Of Competency-Based Education In Schools: Presenting Ideas, Inspiration, Strategies, And Challenges.

About This Course

Many schools across the country are exploring competency-based education (CBE) as a pathway for transforming the school experience. In this course, instructor Justin Reich and the MIT Teaching Systems Lab team will help you develop an understanding of the characteristic elements of CBE and how schools are implementing it.

You will learn why so many educators are excited about CBE and its potential for closing opportunity gaps, as well as challenges and concerns. You will get a closer look at what the implementation of CBE looks and feels like for students, teachers, administrators, families, and community members. You will consider the kinds of system-wide shifts necessary to support this innovation in education.

By looking at research and hearing from experts and voices in schools, you will leave the course equipped to start or continue conversations about whether CBE is a good fit in your context.

Course Overview

We will consider the important question of why schools implement competency-based education (CBE). Not every school defines CBE the same way, but there are some elements that are included in most definitions. We will share these characteristic elements of CBE and discuss why there is more debate around certain elements. Learners will get an introduction to why educators are excited about experimenting with CBE, as well as concerns and dilemmas they are facing.

Ideally, experimenting with CBE forces schools to have conversations about what learning goals are most important and what performances of understanding best align, as well as conversations about traditional ways student progress is measured. Here we will focus on CBE at the classroom level, hearing from teachers and others regarding topics like pacing, pedagogy, curriculum, classroom organization, and assessment.

CBE presents specific implementation challenges for administrators in areas such as teacher training, technology, community outreach, infrastructure, schedules, transcripts, and standardized testing. In this unit, we will explore those challenges and how some schools are addressing them at a systems level.

What You'll Learn

• Characteristic elements of CBE and debates over those elements
• Why CBE is an innovation some schools are embracing, as well as concerns being voiced by educators and other stakeholders
• Examples of approaches and strategies schools are using to implement CBE
• Resources for experimenting with CBE in your own context

Course Resources

Competency-Based Education: Course To-Go

Competency-Based Education: Facilitator’s Guide

Competency-Based Education: Readings & Resources

• What is competency-based education? 
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• How can CBE support learners moving at different speeds?
• Does CBE change teaching and learning?

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Tips to Prepare for CBSE Class 10 Mathematics Examination

1. Mathematics is a subject that demands regular practice. It is important that students practice as much as they can. Practice the questions given at the end of each chapter. Note the points where you get stuck during solving questions. 

2. Students should prepare an effective study plan and give time to all topics on the basis of their strengths and weaknesses. Don’t let your bias towards your favourite chapter affect the time-table. The schedule should also have time for revision. 

3. Students should solve the problems from CBSE Class 10 subject textbook to clear the concepts and strengthen understanding. While solving problems, students should make it a habit to show rough work clearly which will help them in the examination as well. 

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Professional Scrum Master

Central London, February 17-18, 2025

Class Overview

This in-person PSM class runs 17-18 February 2025, 09:00-17.00 GMT.

Professional Scrum Master (PSM) is a course that covers the principles and (empirical) process theory underpinning the Scrum framework, and the role of the Scrum Master in it. This course is a combination of instruction and team-based exercises, and teaches what is at the heart of the Scrum and Agile movement. The course also includes a free attempt at the globally recognized Professional Scrum Master I certification exam (PSM I).

Students will see why PSM is the cutting-edge course for effective Scrum Masters and for anyone coaching a team toward increased efficiency and effectiveness. The course includes advanced thinking for servant-leadership and behavioral shifts.

Throughout the course, students are challenged to think in terms of the Scrum principles to better understand what to do when returning to the workplace.

The PSM course is much more than just a set of slides and an instructor. In this course, students work on real-life cases with other classmates together as a team. This course is made up of discussions and hands-on exercises based upon real-life cases.

• Theory and first principles
• The Scrum framework
• Done and undone
• Product delivery with Scrum
• People and teams
• The Scrum Master

Prerequisites

All experience levels are welcome. No previous Scrum training or experience is required, though it is recommended that participants read the  Scrum Guide  before the course.

Certification and Assessment

All participants completing the Professional Scrum Master course will receive a password to attempt the Professional Scrum Master I (PSM I) assessment. PSM class participants who attempt the PSM I assessment within 14 days of receiving their free password and do not score the pass mark of at least 85% will be granted a 2nd attempt at no additional cost.

What else is included?

• Course eBook
• Membership to the Red Tangerine Slack channel giving access to our alumni community
• Optional complimentary follow-up session where we discuss any concerns you may have regarding the assessment
• Further support with your real-world experiences, with an optional, complimentary follow up session
• Free re-sit of the class if you want a refresher in the future (subject to availability and viability, Scrum.org assessment not included)

Testimonials

"I never write reviews but David's professionalism, teaching methods and approachability was absolutely fantastic. He got myself and my colleagues engaged in the material from the bat and he instilled confidence in us moving forward onto the assessment. Would love to work with David again! Thanks David! :)" - Lee Paterson, Software Engineer

"The instructor was very good, and the class had a good mix of practical exercises and theory in order to cover the different aspects of scrum and its role within a team/org/companies" - Nathan Speirs, Software Engineer

"Incredibly knowledgeable, helpful and patient. Covers all necessary information and more thoroughly with attention to detail while keeping the tuition fun and interesting. Looking to go back and complete more courses with them. We had David as our trainer." - Tom Fell, Technical Project Manager

"Awesome class. It helped me answer all the uncertain questions I had regarding scrum, agile, and roles of a scrum master. Thanks Red Tangerine/David Spinks!" - Clara Park, Innovation Manager/Scrum Master

"Excellent course, very interactive. David is very knowledgeable and the class was designed to engage us and have us learn by doing, rather than only focusing on the theory. Highly recommended!"" - Salvator Demelas, Project Manager

About the Trainer

David's professional experience spans roles of; Agile Trainer, Agile Coach, Scrum Master, Kanban Service Delivery Manager, Team Leader and Software Developer in a variety of industries, including finance, eCommerce, social housing and education. He is a Scrum.org Professional Scrum Trainer (PST), a Kanban University Accredited Kanban Trainer (AKT) and Kanban Coaching Professional (KCP). David is also the co-author of the books  Facilitating Professional Scrum Teams , Mastering Collaboration in a Product Team and  Adopting Agile Across Borders .

David is a Course Delivery Enabler with Scrum.org. CDEs act as ambassadors for the Scrum.org courses that they support for the Scrum.org Professional Scrum Trainer community. This involves working closely with the community to improve course delivery and supporting Professional Scrum Trainers in gaining deep understanding of the intent and design of the courses and collaborating with trainers and the Scrum.org Courseware Team to identify and refine ideas for improving the delivery of courses.

David believes in servant leadership, and he values environments where empowerment, autonomy and flexibility enable teams to do the best work possible. He is committed to continuous learning and development in himself and others. He is passionate about getting the best out of teams and seeing people reach their full potential.

David is active in the global Agile community, including blogging, and speaking at conferences and meetups around the world.

David enjoys travelling, keeping fit, the outdoors and spending quality time with his guitar.

Class Details

• Website for David Spinks
• Contact David Spinks
• Twitter for David Spinks
• LinkedIn for David Spinks

Delivery Method

Class format, registration & price.

Prices exclude VAT

Registration

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Does anyone know the fastest way by train or bus - Vologda Forum

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Does anyone know the fastest way by train or bus

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to get from Vologda to St. Petersburg? Is there an intermediary city where one can get a bus or train? How long does it take? Thanks!

3 replies to this topic

There are about 4 overnight trains taking 11-12 hours to reach SPb. No direct buses.

Trains pass the cities of Cherepovets (2.5 hours from Vologda), Tikhvin (8 h from Vologda), and Volkhov (9.5 h from Vologda). Cherepovets is a relatively young but fancy city hosting one of the largest iron-producing plants in Russia. It has lots of hotels, decent shops and restaurants, and pleasant ambiance. Tikhvin has a nice monastery, and Volkhov is close to Staraya Ladoga, one of the oldest Russian settlements with a nice fortress and ancient churches.

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