Design and Methods.
Table 8.1 is derived from ‘Three Approaches to Case Study Methods in Education: Yin, Merriam, and Stake ‘ by Bedrettin Yazan, licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. 5
There are several forms of qualitative case studies. 1,2
Discovery-led case studies, which:
Theory-led case studies, which:
Single and collective case studies, where: 2, 9
In both intrinsic, instrumental and illustrative case studies, the exploration might take place within a single case. In contrast, a collective case study includes multiple individual cases, and the exploration occurs both within and between cases. Collective case studies may include comparative cases, whereby cases are sampled to provide points of comparison for either context or the phenomenon. Embedded case studies are increasingly common within multi-site, randomised controlled trials, where each of the study sites is considered a case.
Multiple forms of data collection and methods of analysis (e.g. thematic, content, framework and constant comparative analyses) can be employed, since case studies are characterised by the depth of knowledge they provide and their nuanced approaches to understanding phenomena within context. 2,5 This approach enables triangulation between data sources (interviews, focus groups, participant observations), researchers and theory. Refer to Chapter 19 for information about triangulation.
Advantages of using a case study approach include the ability to explore the subtleties and intricacies of complex social situations, and the use of multiple data collection methods and data from multiple sources within the case, which enables rigour through triangulation. Collective case studies enable comparison and contrasting within and across cases.
However, it can be challenging to define the boundaries of the case and to gain appropriate access to the case for the ‘deep dive’ form of analysis. Participant observation, which is a common form of data collection, can lead to observer bias. Data collection can take a long time and may require lengthy times, resources and funding to conduct the study. 9
Table 8.2 provides an example of a single case study and of a collective case study.
Title | ||
---|---|---|
Nayback-Beebe, 2012 | Clack, 2018 | |
‘The purpose of this phenomenological qualitative case study… was to gain a holistic understanding of the lived-experience of a male victim of intimate partner violence and the real-life context in which the violence emerged.’ | ‘in-depth investigation of the main barriers, facilitators and contextual factors relevant to successfully implementing these strategies in European acute care hospitals’ | |
‘What is the lived experience of living in and leaving an abusive intimate relationship for a white middle class male?’ | ‘(1) what are the main barriers and facilitators to successfully implementing CRBSI prevention procedures?; and (2) what role do contextual factors play?’ | |
A single, intrinsic qualitative research study. Following Yin’s case study approach, the authors wished to uncover the contextual conditions relevant to the phenomenon under study – living in and leaving an abusive intimate relationship as a white, middle-class male. The researchers wanted to understand and explore the contextual conditions related to female-to-male perpetrated intimate partner violence. | A qualitative comparative case study of 6 of the 14 hospitals participating in the Prevention of Hospital Infections by Intervention and Training (PROHIBIT) randomised controlled study on the prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infection prevention. The case study examined contextual factors that affect the implementation of an intervention, particularly across culturally, politically and economically diverse hospital settings in Europe. | |
United States of America, insights from a case study to provide nurses with an understanding that intimate partner violence occurs in the lives of men and women, and to be aware of this in the inpatient and outpatient settings. | European acute-care hospitals that were participating in the PROHIBIT randomised controlled trial. | |
Three in-depth interviews conducted for one month. The participant was a 44-year-old man who met the following inclusion criteria: • self-reported survivor of physical, emotional, verbal abuse, harassment and/or humiliation by a current or former partner • the violence occurred in the context of a heterosexual relationship • was in the process of leaving or had left the relationship | Data collection before and after the implementation of an intervention and included 129 interviews (133 hours) with hospital administration, IPC and ICU leadership and staff, telephone interviews with onsite investigators alongside 41 hours of direct observations | |
Existential phenomenology following Colaizzi’s method for data analysis. | Thematic analysis was inductive (first site visit) and deductive (second site visit), with cross-case analysis using a stacking technique; cases were grouped according to common characteristics and differences, and similarities were examined. | |
Theme 1. Living in the relationship – confrontation from within Theme 2. Living in the relationship – confrontation from without Theme 3. Leaving the relationship – realisation and relinquishment Overarching theme: Living with a knot in your stomach | Three meta themes were identified • implementation agendas • resourcing • boundary spanning |
Qualitative case studies provide a study design with diverse methods to examine the contextual factors relevant to understanding the why and how of a phenomenon within a case. The design incorporates single case studies and collective cases, which can also be embedded within randomised controlled trials as a form of process evaluation.
Qualitative Research – a practical guide for health and social care researchers and practitioners Copyright © 2023 by Darshini Ayton is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.
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A case study is one of the most commonly used methodologies of social research. This article attempts to look into the various dimensions of a case study research strategy, the different epistemological strands which determine the particular case study type and approach adopted in the field, discusses the factors which can enhance the effectiveness of a case study research, and the debate ...
Qualitative research is a methodological approach that involves gathering and analyzing non-numerical data to understand and interpret social phenomena. Unlike quantitative research, which emphasizes the collection of numerical data through surveys and experiments, qualitative research is concerned with exploring the subjective experiences ...
While many books and articles guide various qualitative research methods and analyses, there is currently no concise resource that explains and differentiates among the most common qualitative approaches. We believe novice qualitative researchers, students planning the design of a qualitative study or taking an introductory qualitative research course, and faculty teaching such courses can ...
Although case studies have been discussed extensively in the literature, little has been written about the specific steps one may use to conduct case study research effectively (Gagnon, 2010; Hancock & Algozzine, 2016).Baskarada (2014) also emphasized the need to have a succinct guideline that can be practically followed as it is actually tough to execute a case study well in practice.
Defnition: A case study is a research method that involves an in-depth examination and analysis of a particular phenomenon or case, such as an individual, organization, community, event, or situation. It is a qualitative research approach that aims to provide a detailed and comprehensive understanding of the case being studied.
The purpose of case study research is twofold: (1) to provide descriptive information and (2) to suggest theoretical relevance. Rich description enables an in-depth or sharpened understanding of the case. It is unique given one characteristic: case studies draw from more than one data source. Case studies are inherently multimodal or mixed ...
According to the book Understanding Case Study Research, case studies are "small scale research with meaning" that generally involve the following: The study of a particular case, or a number of cases. That the case will be complex and bounded. That it will be studied in its context. That the analysis undertaken will seek to be holistic.
This research adopts an intrinsic qualitative case study methodology [32], focusing on five engineering disciplines at Utah State University: civil engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical ...
Case studies are designed to suit the case and research question and published case studies demonstrate wide diversity in study design. There are two popular case study approaches in qualitative research. The first, proposed by Stake ( 1995) and Merriam ( 2009 ), is situated in a social constructivist paradigm, whereas the second, by Yin ( 2012 ...
The Qualitative Report <macro volume.title encode='html_tags'> <magic ignore><macro issue.title encode='html_tags'></magic ignore> <macro my.title encode='html_tags'> ... guide the novice researcher in identifying the key elements for designing and implementing qualitative case study research projects. An overview of the types of case study ...
Abstract. This chapter explores case study as a major approach to research and evaluation. After first noting various contexts in which case studies are commonly used, the chapter focuses on case study research directly Strengths and potential problematic issues are outlined and then key phases of the process.
Abstract. This article presents the case study as a type of qualitative research. Its aim is to give a detailed description of a case study - its definition, some classifications, and several ...
Title The lived experiences of a male survivor of intimate partner violence: a qualitative case study 10 ... Kekeya J. Qualitative case study research design: the commonalities and differences between collective, intrinsic and instrumental case studies. Contemporary PNG Studies. 2021;36:28-37.
Abstract. Data from over 250 academic sources was aggregated in the form of a database and used to inform future design of self-compacting concrete. This large-scale study allowed researchers to precisely describe the differences between self-compacting concrete and "traditional" vibrated concrete. Keywords.
An example of a qualitative case study is a life history which is the story of one specific person. A case study may be done to highlight a specific issue by telling a story of one person or one group. ... Qualitative methods for health research (4th ed.). London: SAGE. University of Missouri-St. Louis. Qualitative Research Designs. Retrieved ...
Qualitative research is a research method that aims to provide contextual, descriptive, and non-numerical insights on a specific issue. Qualitative research methods like interviews, case studies, and ethnographic studies allow you to uncover the reasoning behind your user's attitudes and opinions.
The perception of danger in different cultures. The origins of bipolar disorder through the prism of domestic violence. Covid-19 and related anxiety cases among college students. The dangers of advertisements on children's TV networks. The negative influence of Instagram and distorted body image.
Here are fantastic examples of qualitative research titles: Female harm: how it is influenced by culture. The socioeconomic impacts of free education. The link between food insecurity and poor performance in schools. Alcoholism among college students: a critical study. How to mitigate child labor in our society.
Case Study Research: Principles and Practices. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007; Merriam, Sharan B. Qualitative Research and Case Study Applications in Education. Rev. ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1998; Miller, Lisa L. "The Use of Case Studies in Law and Social Science Research."
Themes should be far away from the description of any facet of the context. Themes should be closer to explaining the endogenous constructs of a research. Further, often the contribution of a qualitative case study research (QCSR) emerges from the 'extension of a theory' or 'developing deeper understanding—fresh meaning of a phenomenon'.
qualitative research professor. I was positive that I would design a quantitative research study but the qualitative courses in the program highlighted the merits of qualitative research. Dr. Cozza and Ms. Rosaria Cimino, thanks for the advisement support. To all the Ed.D. candidates that I encountered on my academic journey, especially my
Title, keywords, authors and abstract. In a previous paper, we discussed how the title, keywords, authors' positions and affiliations and abstract can influence the authenticity and readability of quantitative research papers,4 the same applies to qualitative research. However, other areas such as the purpose of the study and the research question, theoretical and conceptual frameworks ...
The design of case studies in Yin's book relates data to propositions, e.g. by pattern matching. This stems from the fact that Yin views the purpose of case study research, amongst others, as theory development. As such, theoretical propositions are a starting point (and not the result) of case study analysis. Therefore, case studies aim at analyti
Case studies play a vital role in qualitative methods exploration by providing in-depth insights into real-world scenarios. They illustrate how specific qualitative approaches can be applied effectively to address research questions. Whether through interviews or ethnographic studies, case studies reveal rich narratives that help researchers ...
Methods. The interview data (N = 19) for this qualitative case study was collected at Metropolia University of Applied Sciences in Finland during the academic year of 2018-2019.The author collected the data as part of her PhD studies with permission granted by the university's research committee who also reviewed the research project for ethical validity.
Using qualitative case study as a method, the researchers collected data from four PhD returnees specializing in teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) and inquired about their experiences ...
Finally, conceiving a case study's vertical, horizontal, and transversal axes (Bartlett and Vavrus Citation 2017) may help remind us that case studies must be comprehensive and entail, in the sense of cultural anthropology, "thick descriptions". As presented in an exemplary manner in the following, research on policy transfer lends itself ...
The close connection between community residents and tourists in heritage tourism sites strengthens the relationship between people and places. To explore the mechanisms of host-guest interaction and the driving factors of residents' willingness to participate in tourism in heritage tourism destinations, this study adopts a mixed-method approach combining qualitative research and ...
Abstract. Qualitative case study methodology (QCSM) is a useful research approach that has grown in popularity within the social sciences; however, it has received less attention in the occupational therapy literature. The current scoping review aims to explore how studies utilizing a QCSM help inform occupational therapy knowledge and practice ...
The study must rest solidly on the foundation provided by the existing body of knowledge and be clearly connected to it. The purpose statement should be a single paragraph with less than 250 words and should include the specific design of study (i.e., qualitative single case study) being conducted. The purpose statement should include