us congressional research service report

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS A lock ( Lock Locked padlock icon ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Congressional Research Service (CRS)

The Congressional Research Service (CRS) serves the Congress throughout the legislative process by providing comprehensive and reliable legislative research and analysis that are timely, objective, authoritative, and confidential, thereby contributing to an informed national legislature.

Phone number

1-202-707-5000

Main address

Have a question.

Ask a real person any government-related question for free. They will get you the answer or let you know where to find it.

Congressional Research Service

• Ask a Librarian
• Digital Collections
• Library Catalogs
• CRS Careers Home
• Areas of Research
• Career Opportunities

The Congressional Research Service (CRS) serves as shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. CRS experts assist at every stage of the legislative process — from the early considerations that precede bill drafting, through committee hearings and floor debate, to the oversight of enacted laws and various agency activities.

CRS approaches complex topics from a variety of perspectives and examines all sides of an issue. Staff members analyze current policies and present the impact of proposed policy alternatives.

CRS services come in many forms:

• reports on major policy issues
• tailored confidential memoranda, briefings and consultations
• seminars and workshops
• expert congressional testimony

With public policy issues growing more complex, the need for insightful and comprehensive analysis has become vital. Congress relies on CRS to marshal interdisciplinary resources, encourage critical thinking and create innovative frameworks to help legislators form sound policies and reach decisions on a host of difficult issues. These decisions will guide and shape the nation today and for generations to come.

Annual Reports

Congressional Research Service Annual Report, FY 2022 (PDF, 11.1 MB)

Congressional Research Service Annual Report, FY 2021 (PDF, 9.23 MB)

Congressional Research Service Annual Report, FY 2020 (PDF, 15.33 MB)

Congressional Research Service Annual Report, FY 2019 (PDF, 23.1 MB)

Congressional Research Service Annual Report, FY 2018 (PDF, 15.4 MB)

Congressional Research Service Annual Report, FY 2017 (PDF, 9.82 MB).

Congressional Research Service Annual Report, FY 2016 (PDF, 9.83 MB).

Congressional Research Service Annual Report, FY 2015 (PDF, 5.99 MB).

Congressional Research Service Annual Report, FY 2014 (PDF, 0.16 MB).

Congressional Research Service Annual Report, FY 2013 (PDF, 0.31 MB).

Congressional Research Service Annual Report, FY 2012 (PDF, 0.22 MB).

Congressional Research Service Annual Report, FY 2011 (PDF, 0.15 MB).

Congressional Research Service Annual Report, FY 2010 (PDF, 1.02 MB).

Congressional Research Service Annual Report, FY 2009 (PDF, 3.79 MB).

Last Updated: 01/22/2024

Connect with the Library

All ways to connect

Subscribe & Comment

• RSS & E-Mail

Download & Play

• iTunesU (external link)

About | Press | Jobs | Donate Inspector General | Legal | Accessibility | External Link Disclaimer | USA.gov

DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln

Home > CRS > CRS Reports

Congress of the United States

Congressional research service reports.

Gray Wolves Under the Endangered Species Act (ESA): Distinct Population Segments and Experimental Populations , Kristina Alexander

Energy and Water Development: FY2011 Appropriations , Carl E. Behrens

Ballast Water Management to Combat Invasive Species , Eugene H. Buck

Asian Carp and the Great Lakes Region , Eugene H. Buck, Harold F. Upton, Charles V. Stern, and James E. Nicols

Animal Waste and Water Quality: EPA’s Response to the Waterkeeper Alliance Court Decision on Regulation of CAFOs , Claudia Copeland

Water Quality Issues in the 111th Congress: Oversight and Implementation , Claudia Copeland

Wetlands: An Overview of Issues , Claudia Copeland

Agricultural Biotechnology: Background and Recent Issues , Tadlock Cowan

Carbon Capture: A Technology Assessment , Peter Folger

Forestry in the Next Farm Bill , Ross W. Gorte

Agricultural Biotechnology: The U.S.-EU Dispute , Charles E. Hanrahan

Chuck Hagel- U.S. SENATOR FROM NEBRASKA , Joint Committee on Printing

FY2010 Supplemental Appropriations for Agriculture , Jim Monke

Capturing CO2 from Coal-Fired Power Plants: Challenges for a Comprehensive Strategy , Larry Parker and Peter Folger

Nanotechnology and Environmental, Health, and Safety: Issues for Consideration , John F. Sargent Jr.

Agriculture-Based Biofuels: Overview and Emerging Issues , Randy Schnepf

Agriculture in the WTO: Limits on Domestic Support , Randy Schnepf

Previewing Dairy Policy Options for the Next Farm Bill , Dennis A. Shields

Agricultural Disaster Assistance , Dennis A. Shields and Ralph M. Chite

Agricultural Conservation: A Guide to Programs , Megan Stubbs

Biomass Crop Assistance Program (BCAP): Status and Issues , Megan Stubbs

Renewable Energy Programs in the 2008 Farm Bill , Megan Stubbs

Biofuels Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs , Brent D. Yacobucci

Whales and Sonar: Environmental Exemptions for the Navy's Mid-Frequency Active Sonar Training , Kristina Alexander

Biotechnology in Animal Agriculture: Status and Current Issues , Geoffrey S. Becker and Tadlock Cowan

The Sport Fish Restoration and Boating Trust Fund , Eugene H. Buck

Desalination: Status and Federal Issues , Nicole T. Carter

Water Infrastructure Funding in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 , Claudia Copeland and Nicole T. Carter

Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) , Peter Folger

Drought in the United States: Causes and Issues for Congress , Peter Folger, Betsy A. Cody, and Nicole T. Carter

Pipeline Safety and Security: Federal Programs , Paul W. Parfomak

Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2009 , John F. Sargent Jr.

The National Bio- and Agro-Defense Facility: Issues for Congress , Dana A. Shea, Jim Monke, and Frank Gottron

Advanced Research Projects Agency- Energy (ARPA-E): Background, Status, and Selected Issues for Congress , Deborah D. Stine

Science, Technology, and American Diplomacy: Background and Issues for Congress , Deborah D. Stine

The President's Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP): Issues for Congress , Deborah D. Stine

The U.S. Science and Technology Workforce , Deborah D. Stine and Christine M. Matthews

Energy and Water Development: FY2009 Appropriations , Carl E. Behrens

The Wild and Scenic Rivers Act and Federal Water Rights , Cynthia Brougher

Active Military Sonar and Marine Mammals: Events and References , Eugene H. Buck and Kori Clavert

Soil and Water Conservation: An Overview , Tadlock Cowan and Renée Johnson

Wilderness: Overview and Statistics , Ross W. Gorte

Comparison of the 2008 Farm Bill Conference Agreement with the House and Senate Farm Bills , Renée Johnson, Geoffrey S. Becker, Tom Capehart, Ralph M. Chite, Tadlock Cowan, Ross W. Gorte, Charles E. Hanrahan, Remy Jurenas, Jim Monke, Jean M. Rawson, Randy Schnepf, Joe Richardson, Donald J. Marples, and Mark Jickling

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education: Background, Federal Policy, and Legislative Action , Jeffrey J. Kuenzi

Wind Power in the United States: Technology, Economic, and Policy Issues , Jeffery Logan and Stan Mark Kaplan

Engineered Nanoscale Materials and Derivative Products: Regulatory Challenges , Linda-Jo Schierow

Science and Technology Policymaking: A Primer , Deborah D. Stine

Grazing Fees: An Overview and Current Issues , Carol Hardy Vincent

Alternative Fuels and Advanced Technology Vehicles: Issues in Congress , Brent D. Yacobucci

Pesticide Use and Water Quality: Are the Laws Complementary or in Conflict? , Claudia Copeland

Stem Cell Research: Federal Research Funding and Oversight , Judith A. Johnson and Erin D. Williams

Climate Change: Science and Policy Implications , Jane A. Leggett

National Science Foundation: Major Research Equipment and Facility Construction , Christine M. Matthews

Science, Engineering, and Mathematics Education: Status and Issues , Christine M. Matthews

The Advanced Technology Program , Wendy H. Schacht

The National Institute of Standards and Technology: An Overview , Wendy H. Schacht

Background and Legal Issues Related to Stem Cell Research , Jon O. Shimabukuro

Land Exchanges: Bureau of Land Management Process and Issues , Carol Hardy Vincent

Fuel Ethanol: Background and Public Policy Issues , Brent D. Yacobucci

Western Water Resource Issues , Betsy A. Cody and Pervaze A. Sheikh

Water Quality: Implementing the Clean Water Act , Claudia Copeland

Manipulating Molecules: Federal Support for Nanotechnology Research , Michael E. Davey

U.S. Military Space Programs: An Overview of Appropriations and Current Issues , Patricia Moloney Figliola

Science and Technology Policy: Issues for the 109th Congress , Frank Gottron

Human Cloning , Judith A. Johnson and Erin D. Williams

Stem Cell Research: State Initiatives , Judith A. Johnson and Erin D. Williams

MTBE in Gasoline: Clean Air and Drinking Water Issues , James E. McCarthy and Mary Tiemann

Hubble Space Telescope: Should NASA Proceed with a Servicing Mission? , Daniel Morgan

Federal R&D, Drug Discovery, and Pricing: Insights from the NIH-University-Industry Relationship , Wendy H. Schacht

The Bayh-Dole Act: Selected Issues in Patent Policy and the Commercialization of Technology , Wendy H. Schacht

Oversight of Dual-Use Biological Research: The National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity , Dana A. Shea

Space Exploration: Issues Concerning the “Vision for Space Exploration” , Marcia S. Smith

U.S. Space Programs: Civilian, Military, and Commercial , Marcia S. Smith

Impacts of Technology on U.S. Cropland and Rangeland Productivity , Office of Technology Assessment

Advanced Search

Search Help

• Notify me via email or RSS
• Administrator Resources
• How to Cite Items From This Repository
• Copyright Information
• Collections
• Disciplines

Author Corner

• Guide to Submitting
• CRS Website

Home | About | FAQ | My Account | Accessibility Statement

Privacy Copyright

Congressional Research Service Reports

About This Collection

As of 2018, the Congressional Research Service (CRS) provides public access to its reports, no longer requiring citizens to request them from their Members of Congress. This site is not affiliated with the Congressional Research Service, but aims to provide integrated, searchable access to many of the full-text CRS reports that have been available at a variety of different web sites since 1990 as well as converted print material.

The information on this site is compiled and made available as a public service by the Government Documents Department at the UNT Libraries. UNT does not make any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of the information and is not responsible for any errors or omissions or for results obtained from the use of the information. Distribution of the information does not constitute such a warranty. Use of the information is the sole responsibility of the user.

About the Congressional Research Service

CRS is the public policy research arm of Congress. This legislative branch agency works exclusively for Members of Congress, their committees and their staffs. For more information, visit the CRS website at http://www.loc.gov/crsinfo/ . Access CRS content hosted by the Library of Congress by visiting https://crsreports.congress.gov/ .

About This Project

The NewsBank/Readex/GODORT/ALA Catharine J. Reynolds award was given to Cathy Nelson Hartman and Valerie D. Glenn in the summer of 2002, to begin the process of capturing Congressional Research Service reports available via the Internet and provide permanent public access to them.

Reports were downloaded from a variety of web sites that host CRS reports, either currently or in the past. Many CRS reports are updated on a regular basis, and this site includes all versions of the reports that could be located. When HTML files were captured, a note was inserted at the top of the report indicating from where the files were downloaded. To prevent the need for constant maintenance of files, most external links have been removed.

Metadata has been created for each report, including subject terms from the Legislative Indexing Vocabulary, supplemented with Library of Congress Subject Headings. Users have the ability to search by keyword, title, author, subject, and report number.

As of January 2019, we have ceased updating this collection with downloaded content. Ongoing updates to the collection will be limited to converting older print reports discovered or donated to the UNT Libraries.

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the following individuals and institutions for contributing reports to this project:

• W. Frank Steely Library, Northern Kentucky University
• Oklahoma State University Library
• University of Texas Libraries

Browse By Subject

Abortion | Aged | Agriculture | Air pollution | Animals

Budgets | Business

Children | Civil liberties | Civil rights | Commemorations | Communications | Congress | Constitution | Consumers | Criminal justice

Defense economics | Defense policy | Disabled | Drug abuse

Economic policy | Elections | Elementary and secondary education | Emergency management | Energy | Environmental protection | Executive departments

Familes | Finance | Food | Foreign aid | Foreign policy

Government information

Hazardous substances | Health policy | Higher education | History | Housing | Humanities

Immigration | Infrastructure | Intellectual property | Intelligence activities | International affairs | International finance

Job training

Labor | Law

Marine resources | Medicine | Minorities

Natural resource

Pensions | Politics and government | Presidents | Public contracts | Public lands

Religion | Rural affairs

Science policy | Social security | Social services | Solid wastes | Space activities | Sports | State and local government

Taxation | Technology | Telecommunication | Trade | Transportation

Water pollution | Water resources | Weapons systems | Welfare | Women

• Guided Search
• Advanced Search
• Proximity Search
• Searching Help
• Apply your Search Terms to:
• The Full Text of the Item
• Metadata (Catalog Record)

At a Glance

Latest Additions RSS Feed

Cite This Collection

Here is our suggested citation. Consult an appropriate style guide for conformance to specific guidelines.

Congressional Research Service Reports in UNT Digital Library. University of North Texas Libraries. https://digital.library.unt.edu/explore/collections/CRSR/ accessed August 30, 2024. Copy Citation

Explore Holdings

Start browsing through the holdings of this collection in one of the following ways:

Resource Types

Decades a-z count, countries (expand list) a-z count, states (expand list) a-z count, counties (expand list) a-z count, titles (expand list) a-z count.

Recently Published Reports

Energy Permitting Reform Act of 2024: Electricity Provisions

August 28, 2024 – August 29, 2024 IN12412

DOD Plans for “Stabilizing and Improving the Military Health System”

August 29, 2024 IN12414

FY2025 NDAA: Military Construction and Housing Authorizations

August 28, 2024 IN12411

House Committee Staff Pay, Selected Positions, 2001-2023

December 15, 2015 – August 27, 2024 R44322

Middle East Oil

January 5, 2024 – August 27, 2024 IG10044

The Sahm Rule Trigger: Is the United States in a Recession?

August 26, 2024 IN12410

Trending Reports (Most Accessed In Last Week — view past weeks )

FAS | Secrecy | CRS Reports ||| Support FAS

Note: This archive of CRS reports is no longer actively maintained. For new and updated reports, see the public website of the Congressional Research Service .

Congressional Research Service Reports on the Middle East and the Arab World

• Possible U.S.-Saudi Agreements and Normalization with Israel: Considerations for Congress , August 20, 2024
• The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy , updated August 8, 2024
• U.S. Sanctions on Iran , updated August 7, 2024
• Hamas: Background, Current Status, and U.S. Policy , CRS In Focus, updated August 7, 2024
• Yemen: Conflict, Red Sea Attacks, and U.S. Policy , CRS In Focus, updated August 5, 2024
• Israel and Hamas Conflict In Brief: Overview, U.S. Policy, and Options for Congress , updated August 1, 2024
• Iran-Supported Groups in the Middle East and U.S. Policy , CRS In Focus, updated August 1, 2024
• The Palestinians: Overview, Aid, and U.S. Policy Issues , CRS In Focus, updated July 18, 2024
• Lebanon , CRS In Focus, updated July 18, 2024
• Syria and U.S. Policy , CRS In Focus, updated July 15, 2024
• Turkey (Türkiye)-U.S. Relations: Timeline and Brief Historical Context , CRS In Focus, updated July 11, 2024
• Israel: Major Issues and U.S. Relations , updated July 9, 2024
• Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations , updated July 1, 2024
• The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA): Overview and the U.S. Funding Pause , CRS Insight, updated June 14, 2024
• Kuwait: Issues for the 118th Congress , updated May 24, 2024
• Turkey (Türkiye): Major Issues and U.S. Relations , updated May 21, 2024
• Lebanese Hezbollah , CRS In Focus, updated May 10, 2024
• Red Sea Shipping Disruptions: Estimating Economic Effects , CRS In Focus, May 8, 2024
• Iran: Background and U.S. Policy , updated April 22, 2024
• Oman: Reform, Security, and U.S. Policy , updated April 17, 2024
• Bahrain: Issues for U.S. Policy , updated March 12, 2024
• Qatar: Issues for the 118th Congress , updated February 15, 2024
• Iran and Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) , CRS In Focus, December 8, 2023
• Saudi Arabia , CRS In Focus, updated November 22, 2023
• Israel and Hamas October 2023 Conflict: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) , updated October 20, 2023
• Assisting and Evacuating U.S. Citizens Abroad During the Israel-Hamas Conflict and Other International Crises , CRS In Focus, October 20, 2023
• Saudi Arabia: Background and U.S. Relations , updated October 2, 2023
• Prospects for U.S.-Saudi Nuclear Energy Cooperation , CRS In Focus, updated September 28, 2023
• Climate and Security in the Middle East and North Africa , CRS In Focus, updated September 13, 2023
• Turkey (Türkiye): Possible U.S. Sale of F-16 Aircraft , updated September 5, 2023
• U.S. Foreign Assistance to the Middle East: Historical Background, Recent Trends, and the FY2024 Background Request , updated August 15, 2023
• Syria Conflict Overview: 2011-2021 , CRS In Focus, updated August 3, 2023
• Iraq , CRS In Focus, updated August 1, 2023
• Middle East and North Africa: Implications of the Russia-Ukraine War , updated June 2, 2023
• Lebanon , updated May 19, 2023
• Egypt: Background and U.S. Relations , updated May 2, 2023
• Middle East and North Africa-China Relations , March 23, 2023
• U.S. Foreign Aid to Israel , updated March 1, 2023
• The Middle East, North Africa, and Afghanistan: Selected Issues for the 118th Congress , CRS In Focus, updated January 27, 2023
• Turkey (Türkiye): Background and U.S. Relations , updated January 9, 2023
• United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) , CRS In Focus, updated December 27, 2022
• U.S.-Turkish Trade Relations , CRS In Focus, updated November 9, 2022
• Armed Conflict in Syria: Overview and U.S. Response , updated November 8, 2022
• The Palestinians: Background and U.S. Relations , updated October 27, 2022
• Israel: Background and U.S. Relations , updated July 1, 2022
• Qatar: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy , updated April 11, 2022
• Congress and the War in Yemen: Oversight and Legislation 2015-2021 , updated February 10, 2022
• Iran Sanctions , updated February 2, 2022
• Women in the Middle East and North Africa: Issues for Congress , updated December 16, 2021
• Yemen: Civil War and Regional Intervention , updated November 23, 2021
• Iran: Internal Politics and U.S. Policy and Options , updated July 29, 2021
• Congress and the Middle East, 2011-2020: Selected Case Studies , May 21, 2021
• Kuwait: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy , updated May 12, 2021
• U.S. Resumption of Foreign Aid to the Palestinians , CRS Insight, April 14, 2021
• Yemen: Recent Terrorism Designations , CRS Insight, January 29, 2021
• Middle East: Key Issues for the 117th Congress , January 13, 2021
• Iran's Foreign and Defense Policies , updated January 11, 2021
• Turkey: U.S. Sanctions Under the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA) , CRS Insight, December 16, 2020
• Arms Sales in the Middle East: Trends and Analytical Perspectives for U.S. Policy , updated November 23, 2020
• Israel's Qualitative Military Edge and Possible U.S. Arms Sales to the United Arab Emirates , October 26, 2020
• U.N. Ban on Iran Arms Transfers and Sanctions Snapback , CRS In Focus, updated October 16, 2020
• Israel-UAE Normalization and Suspension of West Bank Annexation , CRS Insight, August 19, 2020
• Iraq: Issues in the 116th Congress , updated July 17, 2020
• Israel's Possible Annexation of West Bank Areas: Frequently Asked Questions , updated July 14, 2020
• Israel and the Palestinians: Chronology of a Two-State Solution , CRS In Focus, updated June 30, 2020
• Possible Withdrawal of U.S. Peacekeepers from the Sinai Peninsula , CRS Insight, May 25, 2020
• U.S.-Iran Tensions and Implications for U.S. Policy , updated May 8, 2020
• COVID-19 and U.S. Iran Policy , CRS Insight, updated April 13, 2020
• The Palestinians and Amendments to the Anti-Terrorism Act: U.S. Aid and Personal Jurisdiction , March 18, 2020
• Israel and the Palestinians: Background Memorandum on U.S. Peace Plan , CRS memorandum, February 12, 2020
• Israel and the Palestinians: U.S. Peace Plan and Possible Israeli Annexation , CRS Insight, January 30, 2020
• Iranian Offensive Cyber Attack Capabilities , CRS In Focus, January 13, 2019
• U.S. Killing of Qasem Soleimani: Frequently Asked Questions , updated January 13, 2020
• Iran: U.S. Economic Sanctions and the Authority to Lift Restrictions , updated November 21, 2019
• Iraq: Protests and the Future of U.S. Partnership , CRS Insight, updated November 12, 2019
• "Armenian Genocide" Issue Background and Pending House and Senate Resolutions (H.Res. 296 and S.Res. 150) , CRS Memorandum, October 28, 2019
• Turkey Sanctions in Pending Legislation: Issues for Congress , CRS Insight, October 23, 2019
• Turkey's Incursion into Northeastern Syria: Possible Questions , CRS Memorandum, October 21, 2019 (Maps of Syria , Turkey as of October 21, 2019)
• Syria: Turkish Incursion and Conflict Status , CRS Memorandum, October 16, 2019
• Turkish Incursion into Syria: U.S. Policy Implications , CRS Insight, October 11, 2019
• Attacks Against Saudi Arabia: Ramifications for Natural Gas , CRS Insight, October 4, 2019
• Attacks on Saudi Oil Facilities: Effects and Responses , CRS Insight, October 1, 2019
• Attacks Against Saudi Oil Rattle Markets , CRS Insight, updated September 26, 2019
• U.S.-Iran Tensions Escalate , CRS In Focus, updated June 13, 2019
• Iran and Israel: Tension Over Syria , CRS In Focus, updated June 5, 2019
• U.S.-Iran Tensions Escalate , CRS Insight, May 14, 2019
• Iran Oil Sanctions Exceptions Ended , CRS Insight, April 24, 2019
• Netanyahu's April 2019 Election Victory: Implications for Israel's Leadership and U.S. Policy , CRS Insight, April 18, 2019
• Cooperative Security in the Middle East: History and Prospects , CRS In Focus, updated April 11, 2019
• Iran's Revolutionary Guard Named a Terrorist Organization , CRS Insight, April 9, 2019
• Israel and Syria in the Golan Heights: President Trump Voices Support for Israeli Sovereignty Claim , CRS Insight, March 22, 2019
• Coalition-Building Against Iran , CRS In Focus, March 12, 2019
• Israel: April 2019 Elections and Probable Indictments Against Prime Minister Netanyahu , CRS Insight, March 6, 2019
• Anti-Terrorism Clarification Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-253) and U.S. Aid for the Palestinians , CRS Insight, updated February 5, 2019
• The Kurds in Iraq, Turkey, Syria, and Iran , CRS In Focus, updated January 23, 2019
• U.S. Foreign Aid to the Palestinians , updated December 12, 2018
• Yemen: Peace Talks and Current Congressional Action , CRS Insight, updated December 10, 2018
• United States and Saudi Arabia Energy Relations , CRS In Focus, November 19, 2018
• Congress Considers Possible Responses to the Killing of a Saudi Journalist , CRS Insight, updated October 22, 2018
• Iraq: Issues in the 115th Congress , updated October 4, 2018
• The Islamic State and U.S. Policy , updated September 25, 2018
• Decision to Stop U.S. Funding of UNRWA (for Palestinian Refugees) , CRS Insight, September 7, 2018
• Turkey's Currency Crisis , CRS In Focus, updated August 30, 2018
• Iran's Threats, the Strait of Hormuz, and Oil Markets: In Brief , August 6, 2018
• Iraq's 2018 Elections , CRS Insight, June 7, 2018
• Lebanon's 2018 Elections , CRS Insight, May 11, 2018
• It Belongs in a Museum: Sovereign Immunity Shields Iranian Antiquities Even When It Does Not Protect Iran , CRS Legal Sidebar, March 22, 2018
• Joint Resolution Seeks to End U.S. Support for Saudi-led Coalition Military Operations in Yemen , CRS Insight, March 20, 2018
• Tensions in the Eastern Mediterranean Focus on the Politics of Energy , CRS Insight, March 1, 2018
• Al Qaeda and U.S. Policy: Middle East and Africa , February 5, 2018
• Administration's Syria Policy Envisions Continued U.S. Presence , CRS Insight, January 26, 2018
• Taylor Force Act: Palestinian Terrorism-Related Payments and U.S. Aid , CRS Insight, December 12, 2017
• Jerusalem: U.S. Recognition as Israel's Capital and Planned Embassy Move , CRS Insight, December 8, 2017
• Iran's Expanding Economic Relations with Asia , CRS Insight, November 29, 2017
• Syria's Chemical Weapons: Continuing Challenges , CRS Insight, October 11, 2017
• Recent Developments in U.S. Aid to Egypt , CRS Insight, September 29, 2017
• Kurds in Iraq Propose Controversial Referendum on Independence , CRS Insight, September 21, 2017
• Arab League Boycott of Israel , August 25, 2017
• Yemen: Cholera Outbreak , CRS Insight, August 2, 2017
• Qatar and its Neighbors: Disputes and Possible Implications , CRS Insight, June 26, 2017
• Israel and the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) Movement , June 9, 2017
• U.S. Foreign Aid to the Middle East and North Africa: The President's FY2018 Request , CRS Insight, June 8, 2017
• Iran's Presidential Elections , CRS Insight, May 5, 2017
• Turkey: Erdogan's Referendum Victory Delivers "Presidential System" , CRS Insight, April 20, 2017
• Kurds in Iraq and Syria: U.S. Partners Against the Islamic State , updated December 28, 2016
• Yemen: Recent Attacks Against U.S. Naval Vessels in the Red Sea , CRS Insight, October 21, 2016
• Iran's State-Linked Conglomerates , CRS Insight, October 17, 2016
• Natural Gas Discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean , August 15, 2016
• Al Qaeda's Syria Affiliate Declares Independence , CRS Insight, August 5, 2016
• A New Aid Package for Israel , CRS Insight, August 4, 2016
• Turkey: Failed Coup and Implications for U.S. Policy , CRS Insight, July 19, 2016
• Counting Casualties in Syria and Iraq: Process and Challenges , CRS Insight, April 12, 2016
• Iraq: Politics and Governance , March 9, 2016
• Implications of Iranian Elections , CRS Insight, March 4, 2016
• Iran-U.S. Air Service Not Imminent , CRS Insight, January 21, 2016
• The Islamic State -- Frequently Asked Questions: Threats, Global Implications, and U.S. Policy Responses , November 25, 2015
• Aiding Israel after the Iran Nuclear Deal: Issues for Congress , CRS Insight, October 30, 2015
• U.S. Foreign Assistance to the Middle East: Historical Background, Recent Trends, and the FY2016 Request , October 19, 2015
• Russian Deployments in Syria Complicate U.S. Policy , CRS Insight, September 18, 2015
• The Addition of Trainers to Iraq: Background for Congress , June 16, 2015
• Turkey After June 2015 Elections: Erdogan and the AKP Fall Short , CRS Insights, June 16, 2015
• Ending Cash Flow Financing to Egypt: Issues for Congress , June 4, 2015
• Israel After the 2015 Elections: What Does Netanyahu's Victory Mean for U.S. Policy? , CRS Insights, April 21, 2015
• Yemen: Background and U.S. Relations , February 11, 2015
• The Islamic State in Egypt: Implications for U.S.-Egyptian Relations , CRS Insights, December 18, 2014
• Jerusalem: Recent Israeli-Palestinian Tensions and Violence , CRS Insights, November 20, 2014
• Qatar: Background and U.S. Relations , November 4, 2014
• Turkey-U.S. Cooperation Against the "Islamic State": A Unique Dynamic? , CRS Insights, October 21, 2014
• Palestinian Authority: U.S. Payments to Creditors as Alternative to Direct Budgetary Assistance? , CRS Insights, October 20, 2014
• Israel's Iron Dome Anti-Rocket System: U.S. Assistance and Coproduction , CRS Insights, September 30, 2014
• The "Khorasan Group" in Syria , CRS Insights, September 24, 2014
• The Islamic State in Syria and Iraq: A Possible Threat to Jordan? , CRS Insights, August 28, 2014
• Conflict in Syria and Iraq: Implications for Religious Minorities , CRS Insights, July 24, 2014
• CRS Insights: Israel and Hamas: Another Round of Conflict , July 18, 2014
• The Kurds and Possible Iraqi Kurdish Independence , July 15, 2014
• Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS): Is It a Health Emergency? , June 4, 2014
• Syria: Overview of the Humanitarian Response , May 30, 2014
• Achievements of and Outlook for Sanctions on Iran , April 22, 2014
• Lebanon: Background and U.S. Policy , February 14, 2014
• Possible U.S. Intervention in Syria: Issues for Congress , September 12, 2013
• Egypt in Crisis: Issues for Congress , September 12, 2013
• Egypt and the IMF: Overview and Issues for Congress , April 29, 2013
• Israel: 2013 Elections Preview , January 8, 2013
• Israel: Possible Military Strike Against Iran's Nuclear Facilities , September 28, 2012
• Change in the Middle East: Implications for U.S. Policy , March 7, 2012
• Lebanon and the Uprising in Syria: Issue for Congress , February 2, 2012
• Iran's Threat to the Strait of Hormuz , January 23, 2012
• Palestinian Initiatives for 2011 at the United Nations , October 24, 2011
• Iraq: Map Sources , August 15, 2011
• Implications of Egypt's Turmoil on Global Oil and Natural Gas Supply , May 4, 2011
• Turkey-U.S. Defense Cooperation: Prospects and Challenges , April 8, 2011
• Iraq's Debt Relief: Procedure and Potential Implications for International Debt Relief , March 29, 2011
• Middle East and North Africa Unrest: Implications for Oil and Natural Gas Markets , March 10, 2011
• Lebanon: Background and U.S. Relations , February 1, 2011
• Israel's Offshore Natural Gas Discoveries Enhance Its Economic and Energy Outlook , January 31, 2011
• U.S. Security Assistance to Lebanon , January 19, 2011
• The Middle East: Selected Key Issues and Options for the 112th Congress , January 3, 2011
• Hezbollah: Background and Issues for Congress , January 3, 2011
• Hamas: Background and Issues for Congress , December 2, 2010
• Iraqi Casualties: U.S. Military Forces and Iraqi Civilians, Police, and Security Forces , October 7, 2010
• The Kurds in Post-Saddam Iraq , October 1, 2010
• Iran-Iraq Relations , August 13, 2010
• Israel's Blockade of Gaza and the Mavi Marmara Incident , June 23, 2010
• U.S. Foreign Assistance to the Middle East: Historical Background, Recent Trends, and the FY2011 Request , June 15, 2010
• Iran's Economic Conditions: U.S. Policy Issues , April 22, 2010
• Israeli-Arab Negotiations: Background, Conflicts, and U.S. Policy , January 29, 2010
• Iran: Regional Perspectives and U.S. Policy , January 13, 2010
• Israel and the Palestinians: Prospects for a Two-State Solution , January 8, 2010
• U.S. Security Assistance to the Palestinian Authority , January 8, 2010
• Iraq: Oil and Gas Legislation, Revenue Sharing, and U.S. Policy , November 3, 2009
• Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security , October 28, 2009
• Iraq: Regional Perspectives and U.S. Policy , October 6, 2009
• Iraq: Reconstruction Assistance , August 7, 2009
• Iraq: Former Regime Weapons Programs and Outstanding U.N. Issues , July 29, 2009
• Iran's 2009 Presidential Elections , July 6, 2009
• Iraq: U.S. Casualties , updated June 26, 2009
• Middle East Elections 2009: Lebanon, Iran, Afghanistan, and Iraq , May 18, 2009
• Israel and Hamas: Conflict in Gaza (2008-2009) , February 19, 2009
• Iraqi Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons: A Deepening Humanitarian Crisis? , updated February 13, 2009
• Iran: Ethnic and Religious Minorities , updated November 25, 2008
• Turkey: Update on Crisis of Identity and Power , September 2, 2008
• Turkey: Selected Foreign Policy Issues and U.S. Views , November 28, 2010
• Iraqi Civilian Deaths Estimates , udpated August 27, 2008
• U.S. Forces in Iraq , updated July 24, 2008
• Iran: Profile of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad , updated July 9, 2008
• Iran's Nuclear Program: Status , June 23, 2008
• The "Red-Dead" Canal: Israeli-Arab Efforts to Restore the Dead Sea , May 13, 2008
• Iraq: Tribal Structure, Social, and Political Activities , updated April 7, 2008
• Congressional Oversight and Related Issues Concerning the Prospective Security Agreement Between the United States and Iraq , updated April 1, 2008
• Operation Iraqi Freedom: Strategies, Approaches, Results, and Issues for Congress , March 28, 2008
• The Egypt-Gaza Border and its Effect on Israeli-Egyptian Relations , February 1, 2008
• The World Bank and Iran , updated January 28, 2008
• Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process: The Annapolis Conference , December 7, 2007
• Lebanon , updated November 23, 2007
• U.S. Embassy in Iraq , updated October 10, 2007
• Post-War Iraq: Foreign Contributions to Training, Peacekeeping, and Reconstruction , updated September 25, 2007
• Saudi Arabia: Terrorist Financing Issues , updated September 14, 2007
• Turkey's 2007 Elections: Crisis of Identity and Power , updated July 11, 2007
• Iraq: Milestones Since the Ouster of Saddam Hussein , updated June 19, 2007
• International Reaction to the Palestinian Unity Government , May 9, 2007
• Yemen: Current Conditions and U.S. Relations , updated January 4, 2007
• Iraqi Police and Security Forces Casualty Estimates , updated August 29, 2008
• Lebanon: The Israel-Hamas-Hezbollah Conflict , updated September 15, 2006
• Iraqi Civilian, Police, and Security Forces Casualty Estimates , updated September 14, 2006
• U.S. Democracy Promotion Policy in the Middle East: The Islamist Dilemma , June 15, 2006
• Women in Iraq: Background and Issues for U.S. Policy , updated March 13, 2006
• Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas: Overview of Internal and External Challenges , updated March 9, 2006
• Fatah and Hamas: the New Palestinian Factional Reality , March 3, 2006
• Palestinian Elections , February 9, 2006
• Iraq: Summary of U.S. Forces , updated November 28, 2005
• The Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA): Origin, Characteristics, and Institutional Authorities , updated June 6, 2005
• U.S. Treatment of Prisoners in Iraq: Selected Legal Issues , updated May 19, 2005
• Palestinian Education and the Debate Over Textbooks , updated May 3, 2005
• European Views and Policies Toward the Middle East , updated March 9, 2005
• United States Aid to the Palestinians , March 4, 2005
• The Broader Middle East and North Africa Initiative: An Overview , February 15, 2005
• The Middle East Television Network: An Overview , updated February 9, 2005
• The Middle East Partnership Initiative: An Overview , updated February 8, 2005
• Middle East Free Trade Area: Progress Report , updated February 8, 2005
• Israel's Proposal to Withdraw from Gaza , updated February 2, 2005
• Iraq: Debt Relief , updated March 11, 2005
• Cyprus: Status of U.N. Negotiations , updated May 19, 2005
• Iraq Oil: Reserves, Production, and Potential Revenues , updated April 13, 2005
• Iraq's New Security Forces: The Challenge of Sectarian and Ethnic Influences , March 25, 2005
• Iraq: Frequently Asked Questions About Contracting , updated March 18, 2005
• Iraq: Transition to Sovereignty , updated July 21, 2004
• Iraq's Trade with the World: Data and Analysis , updated September 23, 2004
• Iraq War: Background and Issues Overview , April 22, 2003
• Iraq: U.N. Inspections for Weapons of Mass Destruction , updated October 7, 2003
• Iraq: U.S. Military Operations , updated July 15, 2007
• Iraq: United Nations and Humanitarian Aid Organizations , updated November 6, 2006
• Iraq: Oil for Food Program, International Sanctions, and Illicit Trade , updated June 14, 2005
• Iraq: The Turkish Factor , updated October 31, 2002
• Iraq: Post-War Challenges and U.S. Responses, 1991-1998 , updated March 31, 1999
• The United Nations Security Council - Its Role in the Iraq Crisis: A Brief Overview , updated March 18, 2003
• Israel: U.S. Foreign Assistance , updated April 26, 2006
• Morocco-U.S. Free Trade Agreement , updated May 26, 2005
• Morocco: Current Issues , updated December 4, 2008
• Palestinian Factions , updated June 8, 2005
• Palestinians and Middle East Peace: Issues for the United States , updated April 26, 2005
• Saudi Arabia: Terrorist Financing Issues , updated December 8, 2004
• Syria: Political Conditions and Relations with the United States After the Iraq War , updated February 28, 2005
• Syria: U.S. Relations and Bilateral Issues , updated March 13, 2006
• Turkey: Issues for U.S. Policy , May 22, 2002
• Jerusalem: The U.S. Embassy and P.L. 104-45 , September 22, 1999