presentation of data ncert solutions

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• NCERT Class 11
• NCERT Class 11 Statistics
• Chapter 4: Presentation Of Data

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4 - Presentation of Data

NCERT Solutions are an extremely helpful study material while preparing for the CBSE Class 11 Statistics examinations. This study material provides students with a thorough knowledge of the topics covered in this chapter, and the NCERT solutions designed by the subject-matter wizards are easily understandable.

Statistics is a part of Mathematics that deals with the gathering, formation, analysis, elucidation, and presentation of data.

NCERT Solution for Class 11 Commerce Statistics Chapter 4 – Presentation of Data furnishes students with all-inclusive data on all the concepts. As the students have to learn the basic fundamentals of the subject of Statistics in Class 11, they need to study the concepts in a detailed way.

Concepts covered in this chapter are listed below:

• Introduction
• Textual Presentation of Data
• Qualitative Classification
• Quantitative Classification
• Tabular Presentation of Data
• Temporal Classification
• Spatial Classification
• Tabulation of Data and Parts of a Table
• Geometric Diagram
• Pie Diagram
• Frequency Diagram

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4 provides a wide range of illustrative examples, which helps the students to comprehend the topics covered in the chapter quickly. The above-mentioned are the solutions as per the CBSE syllabus. For more solutions and study materials of NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Statistics , visit BYJU’S or download BYJU’S – The Learning App for more information.

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NCERT solutions for Class 11 Economics (Statistics for Economics) chapter 4 - Presentation of Data [Latest edition]

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Solutions for chapter 4: presentation of data.

Below listed, you can find solutions for Chapter 4 of CBSE NCERT for Class 11 Economics (Statistics for Economics).

NCERT solutions for Class 11 Economics (Statistics for Economics) Chapter 4 Presentation of Data Exercise [Pages 56 - 57]

Answer the following questions, 1 to 10, choosing the correct answer..

Bar diagram is a ______ 

one-dimensional diagram

two-dimensional diagram

diagram with no dimension

none of the above

Data represented through a histogram can help in finding graphically the ______ 

all the above

Ogives can be helpful in locating graphically the ______ 

Data represented through arithmetic line graph help in understanding ______ 

long-term trend

cyclicity in data

seasonality in data

The width of bars in a bar diagram need not be equal.

The width of rectangles in a histogram should essentially be equal.

Histogram can only be formed with the continuous classification of data.

Histogram and column diagram is the same method of presentation of data.

The mode of a frequency distribution can be known graphically with the help of a histogram. 

The median of a frequency distribution cannot be known from the ogives. 

What kinds of diagrams are more effective in representing the following?

Monthly rainfall in a year

Composition of the population of Delhi by religion

Components of cost in a factory

Suppose you want to emphasize the increase in the share of urban non-workers and lower level of urbanization in India as shown in the Census of India, 2001. How would you do it in the tabular form? 

How does the procedure of drawing a histogram differ when class intervals are unequal in comparison to equal class intervals in a frequency table?

The Indian Sugar Mills Association reported that ‘Sugar production during the first fortnight of December 2001 was about 3,87,000 tonnes, as against 3,78,000 tonnes during the same fortnight last year (2000). The off-take of sugar from factories during the first fortnight of December 2001 was 2,83,000 tonnes for internal consumption and 41,000 tonnes for exports as against 1,54,000 tonnes for internal consumption and nil for exports during the same fortnight last season.’

Present the data in tabular form.

Suppose you were to present these data in a diagrammatic form which of the diagrams would you use and why?

Present these data diagrammatically.

The following table shows the estimated sectoral real growth rates (percentage change over the previous year) in GDP at factor cost.

Represent the data as multiple time-series graphs.

NCERT solutions for Class 11 Economics (Statistics for Economics) chapter 4 - Presentation of Data

Shaalaa.com has the CBSE Mathematics Class 11 Economics (Statistics for Economics) CBSE solutions in a manner that help students grasp basic concepts better and faster. The detailed, step-by-step solutions will help you understand the concepts better and clarify any confusion. NCERT solutions for Mathematics Class 11 Economics (Statistics for Economics) CBSE 4 (Presentation of Data) include all questions with answers and detailed explanations. This will clear students' doubts about questions and improve their application skills while preparing for board exams.

Further, we at Shaalaa.com provide such solutions so students can prepare for written exams. NCERT textbook solutions can be a core help for self-study and provide excellent self-help guidance for students.

Concepts covered in Class 11 Economics (Statistics for Economics) chapter 4 Presentation of Data are Collection of Data, Sources of Data - Primary, Sources of Data - Secondary, Concepts of Sampling, How Basic Data is Collected, Methods of Collecting Data, Some Important Sources of Secondary Data, Organisation of Data, Meaning of Variables, Types of Variables, Organisation of Data - Raw Data, Organisation of Data - Frequency Series, Organisation of Data - Frequency Distribution, Tabular Presentation and Diagrammatic Presentation of Data - Geometric Form, Tabular Presentation and Diagrammatic Presentation of Data - Frequency Diagrams, Abular Presentation and Diagrammatic Presentation of Data - Arithmetic Line Graphs, Introduction to Presentation of Data, Textual Presentation of Data, Tabular Presentation of Data, Tabulation of Data and Parts of a Table, Diagrammatic Presentation of Data, Presentation of Data - Conclusion.

Using NCERT Class 11 Economics (Statistics for Economics) solutions Presentation of Data exercise by students is an easy way to prepare for the exams, as they involve solutions arranged chapter-wise and also page-wise. The questions involved in NCERT Solutions are essential questions that can be asked in the final exam. Maximum CBSE Class 11 Economics (Statistics for Economics) students prefer NCERT Textbook Solutions to score more in exams.

Get the free view of Chapter 4, Presentation of Data Class 11 Economics (Statistics for Economics) additional questions for Mathematics Class 11 Economics (Statistics for Economics) CBSE, and you can use Shaalaa.com to keep it handy for your exam preparation.

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NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics (Economics)

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NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Statistics Chapter-Wise PDF FREE Download

NCERT Solutions for Statistics is a valuable resource for students navigating the complexities of mathematics at the 11th-grade level. These solutions complement the NCERT Class 11 Statistics Book PDF , offering clear explanations and detailed solutions to problems. The aim is to make mathematical concepts more accessible and understandable for students. Students can rely on these solutions to reinforce their understanding of fundamental mathematical principles and enhance problem-solving skills. One notable advantage of NCERT Solutions Class 11 Statistics is their alignment with the curriculum prescribed by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) . NCERT Solutions for Class 11 ensures students are well-prepared for their board exams, as the solutions closely follow the CBSE class 11th Statistics guidelines and exam patterns.

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Statistics - Chapter-wise List

Given below are the chapter-wise NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Statistics. These solutions are provided by the Statistics experts at Vedantu in a detailed manner. Go through these chapter-wise solutions to be thoroughly familiar with the concepts.

Glance on NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Statistics | Vedantu

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Statistics for all the chapters and exercises from Chapters 1 to 9 are provided.

This chapter covers the essential concepts of statistics, including data collection, representation, and interpretation.

Practising the textbook questions using these solutions can help students analyse their level of preparation and understanding of concepts.

The link details the exam pattern, marks weightage, and question paper design for CBSE Class 11 Statistics.

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Statistics Chapter Details

Chapter 1 - introduction.

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Statistics Chapter 1 "Introduction," lays the foundation for understanding the significance and application of statistics in various fields. This chapter begins by defining statistics and explaining its scope, highlighting how it is used to collect, analyse, and interpret data to make informed decisions. Students will learn about different types of data, including primary and secondary data, and the various methods used for data collection. Additionally, the chapter covers the classification and tabulation of data, which are essential steps in organising information for analysis. Graphical representation of data, such as bar graphs, histograms, and pie charts, is also introduced to help students visualise and interpret data more effectively. 

Topics Covered in Class 11 Chapter 1 Introduction

Why Economics?

Statistics in Economics

What is Statistics?

What Statistics Does?

Chapter 2 - Collection of Data

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Statistics Chapter 2 "Collection of Data," focuses on the initial and crucial step of any statistical analysis – gathering data. This chapter emphasizes the importance of collecting accurate and relevant data for meaningful analysis. Students will learn about the different types of data, including primary and secondary data, and the various sources from which these data can be obtained. The chapter also explains various methods of data collection, such as surveys, experiments, and observations, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Additionally, it discusses the design of questionnaires and the role of pilot surveys in refining data collection processes. The NCERT Solutions for this chapter provide detailed explanations and practical examples to help students understand the principles and techniques of data collection, ensuring they can apply these methods effectively in their studies and future research projects.

Topics Covered in Class 11 Chapter 2 Collection of Data

Introduction

What are The Sources of Data

How Do We Collect The Data

Census and Sample Surveys

Sampling And Non- Sampling Errors

Census of India and NSSO

Chapter 3 - Organisation of Data

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Statistics Chapter 3 "Organisation of Data," focuses on the systematic arrangement of collected data to facilitate analysis and interpretation. This chapter highlights the importance of organizing data in a logical and structured manner to derive meaningful insights. Students will learn about different methods of data organization, including classification and tabulation. The chapter covers various types of classification, such as chronological, geographical, and qualitative, along with the preparation of frequency distributions. It also introduces the construction and use of tables to present data clearly and concisely. The NCERT Solutions for this chapter provide comprehensive explanations, step-by-step procedures, and examples to guide students in effectively organizing data. 

Topics Covered in Class 11 Chapter 3 Organisation of Data

Classification Of Data

Variables: Continuous and Discrete

What Is A Frequency Distribution

Bivariate Frequency Distribution

Chapter 4 - Presentation of Data

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Statistics Chapter 4 "Presentation of Data," focuses on the visual and systematic representation of organized data to make it easily understandable and interpretable. This chapter emphasizes the significance of presenting data in various formats to convey information effectively. Students will learn about different methods of data presentation, including textual, tabular, and graphical forms. The chapter covers various types of graphs and charts, such as bar graphs, histograms, pie charts, and frequency polygons, explaining how each can be used to represent different types of data. Additionally, it discusses the principles of creating effective visual representations and the importance of choosing the appropriate method for different datasets.

Topics Covered in Class 11 Chapter 4 Presentation of Data

Textual Presentation of Data

Tabular Presentation of Data

Tabulation of Data And Parts of A Table

Diagrammatic Presentation of Data

Chapter 5 - Measures of Central Tendency

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Statistics Chapter 5 "Measures of Central Tendency," explores the key statistical concepts used to summarize and describe a set of data. This chapter focuses on the measures that represent the central point or typical value of a dataset. Students will learn about three primary measures of central tendency: mean, median, and mode. The chapter explains how to calculate each measure, the scenarios in which each is most appropriate, and their respective advantages and limitations. Additionally, it focuses on different types of means, such as arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and harmonic mean, and their applications.

Topics Covered in Class 11 Chapter 5 Measures of Central Tendency

Arithmetic Mean

Relative Position of Arithmetic Mean, Median And Mode.

Chapter 6 - Correlation

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Statistics Chapter 6 "Correlation," delves into the relationship between two or more variables. This chapter is essential for understanding how variables are related and how they influence each other. Students will learn about the concept of correlation, which measures the strength and direction of the relationship between variables. The chapter covers different types of correlation, including positive, negative, and zero correlation. It also introduces methods to calculate the correlation coefficient, such as Karl Pearson's method and Spearman's rank correlation.

Topics Covered in Class 11 Chapter 6 Correlation

Types of Relationship

Techniques To Measure Correlation

Chapter 7 - Index Numbers

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Statistics Chapter 7 "Index Numbers," introduces students to a vital statistical tool used to measure changes in economic variables over time. Index numbers are crucial for comparing the relative changes in different sectors, such as prices, costs, and quantities. This chapter covers the construction and interpretation of various types of index numbers, including price index numbers, quantity index numbers, and value index numbers. Students will learn about key concepts such as base year, current year, and methods of calculating index numbers, including the Laspeyres, Paasche, and Fisher's Ideal index formulas.

Topics Covered in Class 11 Chapter 7 Index Numbers

What is an Index Number

Construction of an Index Number

Some Important Index Numbers

Issue in The Construction of an Index Number

Index Number in Economics

Chapter 8 - Use of Statistical Tools

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Statistics Chapter 8 "Use of Statistical Tools," focuses on the practical application of various statistical methods and tools to analyze data effectively. This chapter emphasizes the importance of using statistical tools to interpret data and draw meaningful conclusions. Students will learn about several key tools, including measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion, correlation, and regression analysis. The chapter also introduces students to probability distributions and hypothesis testing, explaining how these concepts are used in real-world data analysis.

Topics Covered in Class 11 Chapter 8 Use of Statistical Tools

What Is An Index Number

Benefits of Referring to Vedantu’s NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Statistics

The Vedantu’s Class 11 NCERT Solutions of Statistics provided here in PDFs offer various benefits, including:

The answers provided here are simple.

To facilitate comprehension, solutions are presented in phases.

All of the questions from each chapter are answered.

Students are urged to prepare all of the chapters covered in the solution modules, as this will help them obtain a deeper understanding of the subjects. 

For effective preparations, comprehend all of the processes outlined in the answers.

The NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Statistics serve as an invaluable resource for students, providing comprehensive and detailed explanations of statistical concepts and methods. These solutions help students grasp the foundational principles of statistics, from data collection and organization to advanced topics like correlation and index numbers. By working through these solutions, students can enhance their analytical skills and apply statistical tools effectively in various economic contexts.

CBSE Class 11 Economics Study Materials

FAQs on NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics (Economics)

1. How will I benefit from using Vedantu’s NCERT Solutions Statistics Class 11?

For children of all academic calibre, NCERT Solutions Class 11 Statistics downloaded from Vedantu is understandable. Statistics Solutions Class 11 covers all detailed concepts and is framed to prevent waste of time in a planned manner. Not only do they help students memorise the entire subject matter, but they also include crucial key points to score well.

2. Is Class 11 Statistics hard?

No, Statistics of Class 11  is not at all hard but to do well in the examination, the student must be aware of what they have studied. To attain this, the students should develop the habit of making their notes so that they remember all the concepts that they study. Along with this, they also should highlight the important areas and revise them time and again. Lastly, they can refer to the NCERT solutions for a much deeper insight into the chapter.

3. What topics are covered in Class 11 Statistics?

The topics covered include data collection, data organization, presentation of data, measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion, correlation, index numbers, and the use of statistical tools.

4. Why is it important to study statistics in economics?

Statistics helps in analysing economic data, making informed decisions, understanding market trends, and interpreting economic relationships.

5. What are the different types of data discussed in the Class 11 Economics - Statistics syllabus?

The syllabus covers primary and secondary data, along with methods of data collection and classification.

6. What are measures of central tendency?

Measures of central tendency include mean, median, and mode, which are used to identify the central point of a data set.

7. How is correlation useful in statistics Chapter 8?

Correlation measures the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables, helping to understand how one variable may affect another.

8. What are index numbers in Class 11 Economics - Statistics Chapter 8?

Index numbers measure changes in economic variables over time, such as price levels, quantities, and values.

9. What statistical tools are introduced in Chapter 8?

Chapter 8 introduces tools like measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion, correlation, regression analysis, probability distributions, and hypothesis testing.

10. Are the NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Statistics available for FREE?

Yes, the NCERT Solutions are available for free download at Vedantu, making them easily accessible to all students.

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NCERT Solutions Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4

Home » NCERT Solutions » NCERT Solutions Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4

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The topic of Statistics deals with the quantification of data. It revolves around specific numbers to represent qualitative information. Simply, it is a collection of data. But that’s not all. As Economics students, one must learn data processing techniques that collect, tabulate, classify and present data. In addition, one needs to learn more about data reduction and condensation. Finally, one must also become familiar with the techniques of data analysis and interpretation. Along with the solutions of NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4 ,Extramarks also provides answers of NCERT Solutions Class 12 for Class 12, NCERT Solutions Class 11 for Class 11,  NCERT Solutions Class 10 for Class 10, NCERT Solutions Class 9 for Class 9, NCERT Solutions Class 8 for Class 8 , NCERT Solutions Class 7 for Class 7 and NCERT Solutions Class 6 for Class 6.

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NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4 – Presentation of Data

The NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4 ‘Presentation of Data’ is available for reading or download on this page. Students who are in Class 11 or preparing for the Class 11 Statistics exam can refer to the NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4 Statistics Book for review. Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4 e-book PDF is always useful to use when students do not have access to a physical copy.

NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4 Presentation Of Data

All answers to NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4 and Class 11 Statistics NCERT Solutions Chapter 4 are available on Extramarks. The students who are studying Statistics using NCERT textbooks and want to understand Chapter 4 “Presenting Data”. They, after learning the lesson, look for answers in the NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4 to their questions. They can get all the answers in the NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4.

Data Can Be Represented In Two Forms. They Are As Follows:

Today, the presentation of data is paramount. After all, anything beautiful will never fail to capture our attention. Data presentation refers to presenting or establishing data in an attractive and useful way so that it can be easily interpreted. The three main forms of data presentation  are:

The discussion of data representation begins with its crudest and most ambiguous form, the textual representation. In such a presentation, the data in question is simply plain text, i.e. usually contained within a paragraph. This is typically used when the data is not very large.

This type of representation is useful when students are looking to supplement qualitative statements with certain data. For this purpose, the data should not be represented too large in tables or charts. It should only be a statement that serves as appropriate evidence for the qualitative evidence and helps the reader form an idea of ​​the extent of a phenomenon. All the related answers are available in the NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4

Tables allow for an attractive, clear, and orderly presentation of even large amounts of data. Data is organized in rows and columns. Because data tables are easy to create and read, they are one of the most common forms of data representation. All the solutions of problems related to Tabular form are easily accessible on the NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4

Data table components

Table number: Each table should have a specific table number for easy access and location. This number can be easily mentioned anywhere it serves as a reference, giving students direct access to the date mentioned in that particular table.

Title: The table should include a title that clearly informs the reader of the data included, the period of the study, the location of the study, and how the data is categorized.

Headnotes: Headnotes further support the purpose of the title and give more information about the table. Header notes generally represent units of data within parentheses at the end of the table title.

Stubs: These are the titles of the rows within the table. A stub therefore displays information about the data contained in a particular row.

Caption: Caption is the title of the column in the data table. In fact, this is equivalent to a stub, showing the information contained in the column.

Body or field: The body of a table is the entire contents of the table. Each element of the body is called a “cell”.

Footnotes: Footnotes are rarely used. Add a title for the table, if desired. Source: If data from a secondary source is used, this source should be indicated below the footnote.

Construction of Data Table

Some basic ideas of making a table are:

Title should be appropriate for the purpose of the study: The title of a table should provide an overview of the table.

Compare: If two rows or columns need to be compared, they can be placed close to each other.

Alternate placement of catches: If the rows in the data table are long, the exploits can be placed on the right side of the table.

Title: The title should be written in the singular. For example, `good`  instead of `goods`.

Footnotes: Footnotes should only be provided if necessary.

Column size: Column size should be uniform and proportionate. Use abbreviations: Titles and subtitles must not contain abbreviations.

Units: There should be a clear specification of the unit above the columns.

For Diagrammatic representation, a bar chart is one of the most common types of data representation.

Simple bar Diagram

Multi-Bar Chart

Percentage Bar Chart

Sub Divided Bar Chart

All of the above topics have been detailed in Chapter 4 of the NCERT Solution Class 11 Statistics. The 15 questions in this chapter provide an appropriate overview of “Data Presentation”.

Questions Given in the NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Statistics for Economics Chapter 4

Questions that are given in the textbook of NCERT are very important for every student who is preparing for Class 11 Exams. Therefore, Extramarks provides all the solutions of NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4 on the website on Extramarks. Students can refer to the NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4 solutions, as these are prepared by the expert team of Extramarks.

Each question in the NCERT solutions is followed by a correct, concise and relevant answer. The answers given in the NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4 solution also follow the CBSE model of the exam. This helps students have a brief idea of ​​the types of questions they are likely to face in the final exams. Here is an overview of the types of questions in Chapter 4 of the Class 11 Statistics NCERT Solution:

Students of Class 11 have a lot of questions in their NCERT books and for the solutions, they can refer to  NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4. No matter what question of the Class 11 Statistics syllabus it is, the answer given in  NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4. If a student gets stuck at a question and needs an answer for reference, they can refer to  NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4. All answers from Class 11 Statistics are available in NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4. Students can refer to  NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4 for answers of all questions.

All the answers are explained lucidly in the NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4. NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4 can be referred to for the answers. For every problem a student cannot solve, solutions are available on the NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4. Students must refer to the NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4 to understand how to form their answers in the actual exam. Students can take help of  NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4 for understanding the answers. The answers are available in NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4. One can refer to NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4 even during their revision sessions. Along with that, students also benefit from online courses and online study resources like NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4.

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FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

1. what types of questions are available in ncert answers to statistics class 11 for economics chapter 4.

Chapter 4 of the NCERT Answers to Class 11 Statistics has 15 questions. Some of these questions are conceptual and objective in nature. Some questions in this chapter are based on “true or false” statements. Some questions require students to represent given data. All the solutions can be checked on  NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4

2. What does the 11th Class Statistics textbook talk about?

This chapter is about data presentation. Data is information that is collected and needs to be organized to investigate a hypothesis or to come to a conclusion. This chapter covers textual, tabular, and graphical representation of data. The solutions can be easily interpreted from NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4. The data when presented will make it easier for you to study and analyse, and also more appealing to the eye. Data is presented in a clear way that facilitates understanding.

3. Is Class 11 Chapter 4 of Statistics important?

Statistics Chapter 4 Class 11 is a chapter in the Statistics textbook titled Data Presentation. This chapter allows one to understand how one can present and analyse data. Students, consciously or unconsciously, process data, organize it, and use it to achieve better results. Understanding how the data is presented also allows one to intelligently plan the research, prepare and understand how one can use the minimum of resources to achieve maximum results. The knowledge gained in the chapter will be useful in education and in real life.

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Home » 11th Class » NCERT Book Class 11 Economics Chapter 4 Presentation of Data (PDF)

NCERT Book Class 11 Economics Chapter 4 Presentation of Data (PDF)

NCERT Book Class 11 Economics Chapter 4 Presentation of Data is here. You can read and download Class 11 Economics Chapter 4 PDF from this page of aglasem.com. Presentation of Data is one of the many lessons in NCERT Book Class 11 Economics in the new , updated version of 2023-24 . So if you are in 11th standard , and studying Economics textbook (named Statistics for Economics ), then you can read Ch 4 here and afterwards use NCERT Solutions to solve questions answers of Presentation of Data.

NCERT Book Class 11 Economics Chapter 4 Presentation of Data

The complete Chapter 4 , which is Presentation of Data , from NCERT Books for Class 11 Economics is as follows.

NCERT Book Class 11 Economics Chapter 4 Presentation of Data PDF Download Link – Click Here To Download The Complete Chapter PDF

NCERT Book Class 11 Economics Full Book PDF Download Link – Click Here To Download The Complete Book PDF

NCERT Book Class 11 Economics Chapter 4 Presentation of Data PDF

The direct link to download class 11 Economics NCERT Book PDF for chapter 4 Presentation of Data is given above. However if you want to read the complete lesson on Presentation of Data then that is also possible here at aglasem. So here is the complete class 11 Economics Ch 4 Presentation of Data.

NCERT Book for Class 11 Economics

Besides the chapter on Presentation of Data, you can read or download the NCERT Class 11 Economics PDF full book from aglasem. Here is the complete book:

• Indian Economic Development
• Chapter 1 Indian Economy on the Eve of Independence
• Chapter 2 Indian Economy 1950-1990
• Chapter 3 Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation : An Appraisal
• Chapter 4 Human Capital Formation in India
• Chapter 5 Rural Development
• Chapter 6 Employment: Growth, Informalisation and Other Issues
• Chapter 7 Environment and Sustainable Development
• Chapter 8 Comparative Development Experiences of India and its Neighbours
• Statistics for Economics
• Chapter 1 Introduction
• Chapter 2 Collection of Data
• Chapter 3 Organisation of Data
• Chapter 4 Presentation of Data
• Chapter 5 Measures of Central Tendency
• Chapter 6 Correlation
• Chapter 7 Index Numbers
• Chapter 8 Use of Statistics
• NCERT Books for Class 11

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• NCERT Book Class 11 Economics
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Class 11 Economics Chapter 4 Presentation of Data NCERT Textbook – An Overview

The highlights of this Presentation of Data chapter PDF are as follows.

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NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4 Presentation Of Data

Class 11 statistics chapter 4 presentation of data.

NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4 Presentation Of Data, (Statistics) exam are Students are taught thru NCERT books in some of state board and CBSE Schools.  As the chapter involves an end, there is an exercise provided to assist students prepare for evaluation.  Students need to clear up those exercises very well because the questions withinside the very last asked from those. 

Sometimes, students get stuck withinside the exercises and are not able to clear up all of the questions.  To assist students solve all of the questions and maintain their studies with out a doubt, we have provided step by step NCERT Solutions for the students for all classes.  These answers will similarly help students in scoring better marks with the assist of properly illustrated solutions as a way to similarly assist the students and answering the questions right.

Answer: the following questions, 1 to 10, choosing the correct answer. Question 1. Bar diagram is a (a) one-dimensional diagram (b) two-dimensional diagram (c) diagram with no dimension (d) None of these Answer: (a) Bar diagrams are one-dimensional diagrams. Though these are represented on a plane of two axis in form of rectangular bars, the width is of no consequence and only the length depicts the frequency.

Question 2. Data represented through a histogram can help in finding graphically the (a) mean (b) mode (c) median (d) All of these Answer: (b) Histogram gives value of mode of the frequency distribution graphically through the highest rectangle.

Question 3. Ogives can be helpful in locating graphically the (a) mode (b) mean (c) median (d) None of these Answer: (c) Intersection point of the less than and more than ogives gives the median.

Question 5. Width of bars in a bar diagram need not be equal. (True/False) Answer: False Bar diagram comprises a group of equispaced and equiwidth rectangular bars for each class or category of data.

Question 7. Histogram can only be formed with continuous classification of data. (True/False) Answer: True A histogram is never drawn for a discrete variable/data. If the classes are not continuous they are first converted into continuous classes.

Question 8. Histogram and column diagram are the same method of presentation of data. (True/False) Answer: False Histogram is a two dimensional diagram drawn for continuous data and the rectangles do not have spaces in between while column diagram is one dimensional with space in between every column (bar).

Question 10. Median of a frequency distribution cannot be known from the ogives. (True/False) Answer: False Intersection-point of the less than and more than ogives gives the median.

Question 11. What kind of diagrams are more effective in representing the following? (a) Monthly rainfall in a year (b) Composition of the population of Delhi by religion (c) Components of cost in a factory Answer: (a) The monthly rainfall in a year can be best represented by a bar diagram as only one variable i.e., monthly rainfall is to be presented diagrammatically. The rainfall is plotted on Y-axis in the corresponding month that is plotted on the X-axis. (b) Composition of the population of Delhi by religion can be represented by a component bar diagram. A component bar diagram shows the bar and its sub-divisions into two or more components. Thus, the total population can be sub divided in terms of religion and presented through a component bar diagram. (c) Different components of cost in a factory can most effectively be depicted through a pie chart. The circle represents the total cost and various components of costs are shown by different portions of the circle drawn according to percentage of total cost each component covers.

However, sometimes it is convenient or at times necessary, to use varying width of class intervals. For graphical representation of such data, height for area of a rectangle is the quotient of height i.e., frequency and base i.e., width of the class interval. When intervals are equal, all rectangles have the same base and area can conveniently be represented by the frequency of the interval.

(ii) The data can effectively be presented diagrammatically using the multiple bar diagram. This is because multiple bar diagrams are used for comparing two or more sets of data for different years or classes, etc.

Question 15. The following table shows the estimated sectoral real growth rates (percentage change over the previous year) in GDP at factor cost. Represent the data as multiple time-series graphs. Answer:

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Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4 Presentation of Data PDF

NCERT Solutions Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4 Presentation of Data PDF Free Download.

• Chapter 1 Introduction
• Chapter 2 Collection Of Data
• Chapter 3 Organisation Of Data
• Chapter 4 Presentation Of Data
• Chapter 5 Measures Of Central Tendency
• Chapter 6 Measures Of Dispersion
• Chapter 7 Correlation
• Chapter 8 Index Numbers

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Presentation of Data Class 11 Notes PDF (Handwritten & Short Notes)

In the Presentation of Data class 11 notes, topics and concepts are explained in a creative manner, accordingly students can also improve their creativity. With this, students can also attempt questions of Presentation of Data in an innovative way as it encourages them to engage in understanding complex topics in an ease. 

The Presentation of Data class 11 notes can be useful for both teachers and students as it is arranged in a systematic manner so they can easily evaluate their progress and quickly cover the chapter. The systematic organisation can also help students to overcome unnecessary disturbances while completing the Statistics for Economics chapter Presentation of Data. 

Presentation of Data Class 11 Notes PDF

Students can utilise the Presentation of Data class 11 notes PDF while preparing for the chapter from their comfort zone. As they can go through the PDF of class 11 notes from the Selfstudys website so that they can quickly cover Presentation of Data and can understand the chapter in a better way. 

Where Can You Find a Presentation of Data Class 11 Notes?

Students can find the Presentation of Data class 11 notes from the Selfstudys website, steps to download are: 

• Visit the Selfstudys website.
• Click NCERT Books & Solution from the navigation bar. 
• A drop down will appear, select NCERT notes from the given list.

• A new page will appear, select class 11th from the list of classes.

• Select Statistics for Economics from the list of subjects.

• Now select the chapter Presentation of Data from the given list. 

Characteristics of Presentation of Data Class 11 Notes

In the Presentation of Data class 11 notes, some of the definitions are explained in a brief way, other characteristics are: 

• Formulas are Given: The Presentation of Data notes provides important formulas for student’s understanding, accordingly one can solve all types of questions. 
• Flow Charts are Given: A flow chart is a diagram which helps students to understand tough concepts of Presentation of Data.
• Attractive Format: The Presentation of Data class 11 notes PDF are explained in an attractive format so that students can be more attentive towards the chapter. 
• Diagrams are Given: Class 11 Statistics Presentation of Data notes provides diagrams: symbolic representation, so that students can simplify complex content into easier ones. 
• For All Students: All students studying in CBSE and other state boards can look through the Presentation of Data class 11 Economics notes as it is created according to the latest syllabus. 
• Readers Friendly: The notes of Presentation of Data class 11 are user friendly so that students can easily access and learn the concepts. 

Why Should You Use a Presentation of Data Class 11 Notes PDF?

Students should use Presentation of Data class 11 notes PDF so that they can provided with major benefits, those benefits are: 

• Helps in Organisation: The notes of Presentation of Data class 11 keeps students organised about their preparation of the chapter, accordingly they can increase their productivity. 
• Provides an Outline: The notes on Presentation of Data provides an outline for students so that they can get a clarity about concepts of the chapter. 
• Helps in Revising: It is important for students to revise concepts to score good marks, they can recall from the class 11 statistics notes Presentation of Data. 
• Improves Attention Span: The class 11 Statistics notes Presentation of Data helps students to improve their attention span towards the chapter so that they can learn the concepts in a better way. 
• Get an Idea About High Weightage Topics: With the help of Presentation of Data class 11 notes, students can get an idea about the high weightage topics so that they can prepare accordingly. However, these details are not given directly in the notes, but one can refer to the previous year question papers to understand them better.
• Improves Memory: The Presentation of Data class 11 notes PDF helps students to improve their memorisation skills so that they can solve problems within the given time limit. 

When is the Right Time to Go Through The Presentation of Data Class 11 Notes?

Generally, students can go through the Presentation of Data class 11 notes after completing the chapter from NCERT book as it is considered to be the right time. Because in the class 11 notes, topics and concepts of Presentation of Data are explained in a better approach so that students can solve all their doubts as well as confusions.

When to Use the Presentation of Data Class 11 Notes While Preparation? 

Students can totally depend on the Presentation of Data class 11 notes while preparing for the exam, crucial ways that one can depend on the notes are: 

• Class Room Study: Students can go through the Presentation of Data notes during classroom study as it provides a general plan of topics and concepts.
• Weekly Revision: Students can look through the Presentation of Data class 11 notes PDF during weekly revision so that they can clarify doubts on a weekly basis. 
• During Board Exam: Before the board exam, students have to revise all topics so that they can also focus on weaker topics. Accordingly, students can improvise their marks in questions related to Presentation of Data. 
• During Weekly Test: Some students regularly take weekly tests to evaluate their preparation, and can utilise the notes on Presentation of Data so that they can remember the important formulas on their fingertips. 
• Last Minute Preparation: Students generally have the habit of completing the topics during the last minute, so it is better for them to use the Presentation of Data class 11 notes PDF as it can ease their preparation. 

Tips to Prepare for Presentation of Data With The Help of Class 11 Statistics for Economics Notes

Students can follow strategy tips to prepare for Presentation of Data with the help of Class 11 Statistics for Economics Notes , those important tips are: 

• Go Through the NCERT Book: To start the preparation, students need to first go through the Presentation of Data chapter in NCERT book and can also take the help of class 11 Statistics for Economics notes to cover the lesson. 
• Use Mannerism: Students need to create their own tricks: flow charts, diagrams and mannerism to complete Presentation of Data so that they can improve their creativity to complete the notes. 
• Practise Questions: Students are advised to practise questions of the chapter, they can take the help of Presentation of Data notes so that they can understand the concepts in a better way. 
• Make Important Points: While completing the chapter, students can take the help of Presentation of Data notes to make a note of important points in their notebook. 
• Select Study Schedule: Every student has their own comfortable time to complete the notes on Presentation of Data in which their productivity is high.
• Don’t Cram: Students don’t need to cram the topics, it is important for them to understand each and every topic, they can take the help of notes of Presentation of Data class 11.

How to Make the Preparation Effective While Completing Presentation of Data Class 11 Notes?

Effective preparation with the help of Presentation of Data is the key to good score, tips to make the preparation effective are: 

• Form a Proper Routine: Students need to form a proper routine to complete Presentation of Data notes so that they can complete quickly and can also increase their efficiency. 
• Take Intervals: Students are advised to take frequent intervals: listen to music, short walk, snack time to complete Presentation of Data class 11 notes PDF so that they can promote efficiency. 
• Concentration on One Topic: While completing class 11 Economics notes, students need to concentrate on just one topic, this can improve their efficiency to complete Presentation of Data. 
• Update Learning Style: Students need to update their learning style: way of learning on a regular basis to complete class 11 statistics Presentation of Data notes so that they can improve their efficiency. 
• Utilise the Time: Students need to complete the notes of Presentation of Data class 11 without wasting much time in other things can help increase the efficiency. 
• Solve Doubts: It is normal for students to come up with some doubts regarding Presentation of Data as it is important for them to clear their doubts so that they can improve their productivity. 

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NCERT Class 11 Statistics for Economics Chapter 4 Presentation of Data Extra Questions

Ncert class 11 statistics for economics chapter 4 presentation of data extra questions and answers.

Class 11 Statistics for Economics Chapter 4 Extra Inside Questions and Answers – Presentation of Data. Here in this Page Class XI Students can Learn Extra Questions & Answer 4th Chapter Statistics for Economics fully Inside.

Class 11 Statistics for Economics Chapter 4 Inside based Question

1.) What is means by Qualitative and Quantitative classification?

2.) What is means by Temporal and Spatial classification?

(i) Table Number – Table number is assigned to a table for identification purpose. If more than one table is presented, in this case  table number help to distinguishes one table from another. It is given at the top or at the beginning of the title of the table. Generally, table numbers are whole numbers in ascending order if there are many tables in a book. This number also used for identifying the table according to its location.

Presentation

(d) None of the above

(b) Tabular presentation

Ans – Options (b)

classification

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NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Economics Chapter 4 – Presentation of Data

Page no 56:, question 1:, question 2:, question 3:, question 4:, question 5:, question 6:, question 7:, page no 57:, question 8:, question 9:, question 10:, question 11:, question 12:.

Question 13:

Question 14:

Question 15:

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NCERT Solutions for Class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12

Statistics for Economics Class 11 NCERT Solutions Chapter 3 Organisation of Data

July 5, 2019 by Sastry CBSE

Question 1. Which of the following alternatives is true? (i) The class mid-point is equal to (a) the average of the upper class limit and the lower class limit (b) the product of upper class limit and the lower class limit (c) the ratio of the upper class limit and the lower class limit (d) None of the above Answer: (a) The class mid-point is the middle value of a class. It lies halfway between the lower class limit and the upper class limit of a class and is calculated as Class Mid-Point or Class Mark = \(\frac{\text { (Upper Class Limit + Lower Class Limit) }}{2}\)

(ii) The frequency distribution of two variables is known as (a) Univariate Distribution (b) Bivariate Distribution (c) Multivariate Distribution (d) None of the above Answer: (b) Bi means two and hence the frequency distribution of two variables is known as Bivariate Distribution.

(iii) Statistical calculation in classified data are based on (a) the actual values of observations (b) the upper class limits (c) the lower class limits (d) the class mid-points Answer: (d) The class mid-points of each class is used to represent the class and therefore, it is used in further calculations after the raw data are grouped into classes.

(iv) Under exclusive method, (a) the upper class limit of a class is excluded in the class interval (b) the upper class limit of a class is included in the class interval (c) the lower class limit of a class is excluded in the class interval (d) the lower class limit of a class is included in the class interval Answer: (a) Under the exclusive method we form classes in such a way that the lower limit of a class coincides with the upper class limit of the previous class. Under the method, the upper class limit is excluded but the lower class limit of a class is included in the interval.

(v) Range is the (a) difference between the largest and the smallest observations (b) difference between the smallest and the largest observations (c) average of the largest and the smallest observations (d) ratio of the largest to the smallest observation Answer: (a) The variation in variable’s value are captured by its range. The range is the difference between the largest and the smallest values of the variable. A large range indicates that the values of the variable are widely spead.

Question 2. Can there be any advantage in classifying things? Explain with an example from your daily life. Answer: Classification refers to arranging or organising similar things into groups or classes. Classification of objects or things saves our valuable time and effort. Classification is done to group things in such a way that each group consists of similar items, e.g., we classify our wardrobe into different types of clothes or dresses according to the occasions on which they are to be worn. We put party wears, school uniform, casual daily wears and night wears separately. This helps us in an orderly arrangement of clothes and we can easily fetch the clothes we want at a particular time without searching through the whole wardrobe. Thus, it is evident that classification saves time and labour and helps to produce the desired results.

Question 3. What is a variable? Distinguish between a discrete and a continuous variable. Answer: A measurable characteristic which takes different values at different points of time and in different circumstance is called a variable as it keeps varying. Different varibles vary differently and depending on the way they vary, they are broadly classified into two types

Question 4. Explain the ‘exclusive’ and ‘inclusive’ methods used in classification of data. Answer: Exclusive Method In this method, the classes are formed in such a way that the upper class limit of one class becomes the lower class limit of the next class. Continuity of the data is maintained in this method. Under this method, the upper class limit is excluded but the lower class limit of a class is included in the interval.

According to this method, an observation that is exactly equal to the upper class limit would not be included in that class but would be included in the next class. On the other hand, if it were equal to the lower class limit then it would be included in that class, e.g., if the class intervals are 0-5, 5-10, 15¬20 and so on, a value of 10 would be included in the 10-15 and not in the interval 5-10.

Inclusive Method The inclusive method does not exclude the upper class limit in a class interval. It inlcludes the upper class in a class. Thus, both class limits are parts of the class interval, e.g., the class intervals of 0-5, 6-10, 11-15, and so on are inclusive.

Question 5. Use the data in Table 3.2 that relate to monthly household expenditure (in ₹) on food of 50 households and (i) Obtain the range of monthly household expenditure on food. (ii) Divide the range into appropriate number of class intervals and obtain the frequency distribution of expenditure. (iii) Find the number of households whose monthly expenditure on food is

• less than ₹ 2,000
• more than ₹ 3,000
• between ₹ 1,500 and ₹ 2,500

(iii) (a) Number of households whose monthly expenditure on food is less than ₹ 2000 = 20 + 13 = 33 (b) Number of hoseholds whose monthly expenditure on food is more than ₹ 3000 = 2 + 1 + 2 + 0 + 1 = 6 (c) Number of households whose expenditure on food is between ₹ 1500 and ₹ 2500 = 13 + 6= 19

Question 6. In a city, 45 families were surveyed for the number of domestic appliances they used. Prepare a frequency array based on their replies as recorded below. 1 3 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 6 1 6 2 1 5 1 5 3 2 4 2 7 4 2 4 3 4 2 0 3 1 4 3 Answer:

Question 7. What is loss of information’ in classified data? Answer: Classification of data as a frequency distribution summarises the raw data making it concise and comprehensible but it does not show the details that are found in raw data. Once, the data are grouped into classes, an individual observation has no significance in further statistical calculations.

All values in a class interval are assumed to be equal to the middle value of the class interval instead of their actual value which causes considerable loss of information. It not only save our time but also our energy, which would otherwise be utilised in searching from entire things.

Question 8. Do you agree that classified data is better than raw data? Answer: The raw data is usually large and fragmented and it is very difficult to draw any meaningful conclusion from them. Classification makes the raw data comprehensible by summarising them into groups. When facts of similar characteristics are placed in the same class, it enables one to locate them easily, analyse them, make comparison and draw inferences.

Question 9. Distinguish between univariate and bivariate frequency distribution. Answer: The term “uni” stands for one and thus the frequency distribution of a single variable is called a Univariate Distribution, e.g., the fequency distribution of age of students in a class is univariate as its gives the distribution of a single variable i.e., age. On the other hand “bi” means two and a Bivariate Frequency Distribution is the frequency distribution of two variables, e.g., the frequency distribution of two varibles, e.g., like price of good and sales of the good is a bivariate distribution.

Statistics for Economics Class 11 NCERT Solutions

Ncert solutions for class 11 economics, free resources.

NCERT Solutions

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Question 1:

Bar diagram is a

(i) one-dimensional diagram

(ii) two-dimensional diagram

(iii) diagram with no dimension

(iv) none of the above

Bar diagrams are One-dimensional diagrams. These are represented on a plane of two axis and depicts the relationship between the two variables (plotted on the either axis) in form of rectangular bars.

Page No 56:

Question 2:.

Data represented through a histogram can help in finding graphically the

(iii) median

(iv) all the above

Graphically mode can be determined by presenting the data in the form of Histogram. The highest Histogram indicates the modal class. The intersection point of the lines diagonally joining the two top corners of the modal rectangles to the corners of the adjacent Histograms indicates the Modal Value.

Question 3:

Ogives can be helpful in locating graphically the

Graphically, Median can be determined by the intersection point of Less than Ogive and More than Ogive. The value of x -axis corresponding to the intersection point indicates the median.

Question 4:

Data represented through arithmetic line graph help in understanding

(i) long-term trend

(ii) cyclicity in data

(iii) seasonality in data

Data represented through arithmetic line graph (or time series graph) helps in understanding the long-term trend and periodicity.

Question 5:

Width of bars in a bar diagram need not be equal (True/False).

The above statement is false as all bars in a bar diagram need to be of equal width. Moreover, all bars are at equal distance from each other.

Question 6:

Width of rectangles in a histogram should essentially be equal (True/False).

The above statement is false, as the width of all rectangles in a histogram may or may not be equal. The width of a rectangle depends on the width of its corresponding class interval.

Question 7:

Histogram can only be formed with continuous classification of data (True/False).

Yes, a Histogram can only be formed with the continuous classification of data. The frequency distribution of a continuous series is graphically presented in form of a Histogram. If the given data is not continuous, then it is to be converted into exclusive series before presenting the data in the form of Histogram. Histograms can never be prepared for discrete series.

Page No 57:

Question 8:.

Histogram and column diagram are the same method of presentation of data (True/False).

The above statement is false. This is because Histogram and column diagram are different method of presentation. While the Histogram is a Two-dimensional diagram, the bar diagram is a One-dimensional diagram. Histograms are prepared for the continuous series, whereas the bar diagrams are prepared for the discrete series. Further, Histograms are drawn continuously without any space between two consecutive Histograms, whereas the space is must between two bars in a bar diagram.

Question 9:

Mode of a frequency distribution can be known graphically with the help of histogram (True/False).

The above statement is true. Graphically, mode can be determined by presenting the data in the form of Histogram. The highest Histogram indicates the modal class. The intersection point of the lines diagonally joining the two top corners of the modal rectangles to the corners of the adjacent Histograms indicates the Modal Value.

Question 10:

Median of a frequency distribution cannot be known from the ogives (True/False).

The statement is false. Graphically Ogives can be determined by the intersection point of the less than Ogive and more than Ogive. The value of x-axis corresponding to the intersection point indicates the median.

Question 11:

What kinds of diagrams are more effective in representing the following?

(i) Monthly rainfall in a year

(ii) Composition of the population of Delhi by religion

(iii) Components of cost in a factory

(i) The monthly rainfall in a year can be best represented by a bar diagram as only one variable i.e. monthly rainfall is to be compared visually. The highest bar diagram indicates the highest rainfall in the corresponding month that is plotted on the x-axis.

(ii) Composition of the population of Delhi by religion can be represented by a simple bar diagram. Plotting different religion on the x-axis and the number of people on the y-axis, one can easily compare the number of the population religion-wise..

(iii) In order to represent different components of cost in a factory, a pie chart is more effective. The entire circle represents the total cost and various components of costsare shown by different portions of the circle.

Question 12:

Suppose you want to emphasise the increase in the share of urban non-workers and lower level of urbanisation in India as shown in Example 4.2. How would you do it in the tabular form?

Source: Census of India, 2001

We can infer from the above table that the absolute number of the rural non-workers is greater than the absolute number of the urban non-workers. The higher ( lower) share of the rural non-workers (urban non-workers) reveals lower degree of urbanisation in India.

NOTE: As there is no Example 4.2 in the book, so the following data have been adapted from Census of India, 2001.

Question 13:

How does the procedure of drawing a histogram differ when class intervals are unequal in comparison to equal class intervals in a frequency table?

A Histogram of equal class intervals has equal width of all rectangles indicating the same class intervals. In contrast, a Histogram of unequal class intervals has rectangles of varying width as per their corresponding class intervals. Before constructing a Histogram, frequencies of unequal class intervals are to be adjusted. The adjustment factor of each class is calculated with the following formula.

And the adjusted frequency will be calculated by dividing the original frequency by adjustment factor.

Question 14:

The Indian Sugar Mills Association reported that, ‘Sugar production during the first fortnight of December 2001 was about 3,87,000 tonnes, as against 3,78,000 tonnes during the same fortnight last year (2000). The off-take of sugar from factories during the first fortnight of December 2001 was 2,83,000 tonnes for internal consumption and 41,000 tonnes for exports as against 1,54,000 tonnes for internal consumption and nil for exports during the same fortnight last season.’

(i) Present the data in tabular form.

(ii) Suppose you were to present these data in diagrammatic form which

of the diagrams would you use and why?

(iii) Present these data diagrammatically.

(ii) With a view to present the data diagrammatically the multiple bar diagram can be effectively used.

Question 15:

The following table shows the estimated sectoral real growth rates

(percentage change over the previous year) in GDP at factor cost.

Represent the data as multiple time series graphs.

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Important Formulas: Data Handling and Presentation | Maths for Class 6 (Ganita Prakash) - New NCERT PDF Download

1. Data: Data consists of facts, numbers, measures, observations, and descriptions that provide information about various things.

2. Organizing Data: To make data easier to analyze and interpret, it can be organized into a table using tally marks.

4. Tally Marks:  These are used to show the frequency of the data. 

5.  Tally marks are used to count items, with each group of four vertical lines and a fifth mark as a diagonal cross representing five units. 

6. Pictographs:  Pictographs use pictures or objects to represent data. Each picture stands for a certain frequency, which can be one or more units. 

The scale , which indicates what each picture represents, must be clearly specified.

Since we cannot draw so many pictures for a larger data, we represent the key . Key means that one image represents how much frequency. So one pizza picture represents 4 number children.

None of these

The tally mark "||||" represents a frequency count of 4 , as each vertical line represents one count. Therefore, the options given (5, 3, and 2) do not match the correct frequency of 4.

Thus, the correct answer is (d) none of these .

7. Bar Graphs: 

• Bar graphs display data using bars of uniform width. 
• The length or height of each bar shows the total frequency of occurrence for that category. 
• It is essential to specify the scale that converts the length or height of the bars into actual frequencies.

8. Choosing the Scale: Selecting an appropriate scale for pictographs or bar graphs is important. A good scale ensures that the data is represented accurately and is visually appealing.

9. How to draw a bar graph: To track hours spent on different sports, follow these steps:

• Draw Axes: Create a horizontal line (x-axis) for sports and a vertical line (y-axis) for hours.
• Choose a Scale: Set 1 unit length on the y-axis to represent 1 hour.
• Draw Bars: Soccer: 8 units high, Basketball: 5 units high, Tennis: 7 units high, Swimming: 6 units high

10. Why Bar Graphs Are Useful:

• Bar graphs visually represent data, making it easy to compare different categories. 
• They are especially useful for handling larger amounts of data or when precision is needed.

11. Graph Design: Other design elements, such as the use of colours, accompanying pictures, and whether the bars are horizontal or vertical, contribute to how effective and visually attractive the graph is.

11. Infographics  are enhanced data visualizations, such as bar graphs, with added artistic elements. They use eye-catching visuals to present information clearly and quickly, making the data both engaging and informative.

12. Data Interpretation:  By accurately reading pictographs and bar graphs, we can quickly understand and draw conclusions from the data presented.

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