linking words speech analysis

Linking Words – Full List, Examples & Worksheet

| Candace Osmond

Candace Osmond

Candace Osmond studied Advanced Writing & Editing Essentials at MHC. She’s been an International and USA TODAY Bestselling Author for over a decade. And she’s worked as an Editor for several mid-sized publications. Candace has a keen eye for content editing and a high degree of expertise in Fiction.

Worried that your essay lacks structure and coherence? Perhaps you should use linking words, transition words, or connectors to give it a boost.

Linking words join separate sentences to improve writing flow. You can also find them mid-sentence to connect clauses.

Read on as I show you the definition and types of linking words in English. I also list examples of linking words under every category, and I whipped up a helpful worksheet to test your skills.

What Are Linking Words?

Linking words, transition words, or connecting words in the English language help connect ideas and sentences when speaking or writing.

Linking words and phrases are connectors or transitional phrases. They are also part of formal language, so you’ll find them in academic writing, opinion writing, critical essays, dialectic essays , journalism, and business documents.

Some linking verbs link clauses within a sentence, such as although, in case, and whatever. That means you can find them in the middle of sentences from time to time. Others link two complete sentences, such as besides, as a result, and however.

List of Transition Words

Now that you know the meaning of transition words, let’s look at the usage of transition words in sentences and clauses. Don’t worry, I’ll break it all down for you!

Below, I’ve got a list of linking words and phrases to serve as alternative choices for connecting ideas in writing. Note that there are several types of transition words which we will discuss later.

Agreement/Addition/Similarity

Linking words may help the reader understand additional comments or ideas in a statement. They may also express agreement or similarities. These words are also called additive transition words, commonly found in expository essays and narrative essays.

In the first place
As a matter of fact
In like manner
In addition
Not only, but also
Coupled with
In the same way
In the same manner
First, second, third
Not to mention
In the light of
By the same token
Additionally
Correspondingly
Furthermore
Comparatively
At the same time
Together with
Identically

Here are some examples of additive linking words in a sentence.

The group found that a constructivist approach leads to higher test scores. Moreover, essay examinations show higher levels of learning.
The resort has tennis courts. Furthermore, it has an Olympic pool.

Negative Ideas

Some linking words come in pairs to join negative ideas.

Not, neither
Neither, nor

Here are sentence examples of linking words showing negative ideas.

I haven’t seen Lory, neither have I talked to her friend.
I neither drink nor smoke.

Opposition/Limitation/Contradiction

Whereas some linking words show an extra idea, these transition phrases and words express contrasting ideas in writing.

Although this may be true
In contrast
(and) still
Notwithstanding
Different from
Of course…, but
On the other hand
On the contrary
Be that as it may
Nonetheless
Even so/though
Nevertheless
In spite of

Here are some sentences with linking words of opposition.

The short story can be analyzed using a functionalist lens. However, its historical theme is better understood with a critical perspective.
As much as I want to go, I must take care of my sister.

Some linking words show relationships between ideas by accepting an idea with reservation instead of showing complete opposition. Here are some examples.

All the same
Regardless of this
Up to a point

Here are some sentence examples.

Many citizens opposed this unfair policy, which the president nevertheless enacted.
I like him even if we have different views in life.

Cause/Condition/Purpose

You may also use linking words in your writing piece to show conditions and purpose for a logical flow of ideas. Words like reason get the reader ready to understand why. These words are commonly found in hypothesis essays.

In the event that
Granted (that)
Provided that
On (the) condition (that)
For the purpose of
With this intention
With this in mind
In the hope that
Inasmuch as
To the end that
For fear that
In order to
Seeing/being that
The researchers used this method so that the results would be valid, reliable, and aligned with the objectives.
I will not be attending the seminar due to a high fever.

Examples/Support/Emphasis

You can also use transition words in your piece of writing that show examples or support of an idea.

In other words
To put it differently
For one thing
In particular
As an illustration
In this case
For example
For instance
For this reason
To put it another way
To demonstrate
That is to say
With attention to
By all means
To emphasize
To enumerate
Particularly
Significantly
Specifically
Surprisingly
Important to realize
Another key point
On the negative side
First thing to remember
Must be remembered
To point out
Point often overlooked
She visited several cities, namely Portland, Jacksonville, Charleston, and Hartford.
Transition words improve writing flow. For instance, we use further to add extra ideas related to the previous statement.

Effect/Consequence/Result

You might also spot transitional devices for essays that show consequences, results, and effects.

As a result
In that case
Under those circumstances
Accordingly
Consequently

Consider the examples below.

We watered the plant for seven days. In effect, it grew three inches taller.
Because she didn’t study for the test, Anna failed and had to retake it.

Conclusion/Summary/Restatement

These words and phrases show transitions between sentences to show conclusions. You’ll find these words in essay conclusions of different essay types.

In simple language
In explanation
In lay terms
In a nutshell
As can be seen
In simple terms
Generally speaking
All things considered
As shown above
In the final analysis
In the long run
In either case
Given these points
As has been noted
In any event
On the whole
By and large
For the most part
In conclusion
To summarize

Note that in lay terms and in explanation are formal alternative choices to “ in a nutshell.”

Here are some examples.

Matter is a material that occupies space and has mass. In simple language, it is any physical substance.
I don’t want to climb the corporate ladder. After all, money isn’t everything.

Time/Chronology/Sequence

Linking words’ other role in writing is to show sequence or chronology. Under the time category, these phrases add a meaning of time. You can find these words in an essay introduction when the writer explains how the paper is structured.

In due time
From time to time
At the present time
Sooner or later
Up to the present time
To begin with
Straightaway
In the meantime
In a moment
Without delay
All of a sudden
At this instant
First, second
By the time
Immediately
Occasionally
I watched the movie on television. Eventually, I fell asleep.
First, fill the pan with water. Then, bring it to a boil.

Space/Location/Place

The following transition words are famous adverbial expressions that limit or modify space. Some of these words and phrases are also transition words of time.

In the middle of
To the left/right
In front of
On this side
In the distance
In the foreground
In the background
In the center of
Adjacent to
Opposite to

Below are sentence examples using transition words of space.

My house is located behind the building.
To the left of the supermarket is a flower shop.

Common Mistakes With Transition Words

Transition words help you create a flow of arguments for readers to understand what you’re saying. But misused transition words and phrases will make your writing unclear. Avoid these mistakes to give your readers a better experience.

Starting a Sentence With So, And, and Also

Both so and and are coordinating conjunctions, which means they can start independent clauses that stand on their own. But it’s not recommended to use these words and also as sentence starters in formal writing. For example:

Incorrect: Also, there are unauthorized charges on my credit card account.
Correct: Furthermore, there are unauthorized charges on my credit card account.

Combination of Transition Words And/Or

When writing an essay, avoid English transition words and/or because it makes your paper look messy. Instead, consider whether you need both connectors or only one of them. If you need them both, try this alternative.

Incorrect: boat and/or plane.
Correct: boat, plane, or both.

Using As Well As as Alternative to And

As well as has a different meaning from the transition word and. And means you’re listing something of equal importance. Meanwhile, as well as is for additional, less essential information. Here’s an example.

Incorrect: In this paper, I discuss my movie analysis as well as provide recommendations for improvement.
Correct: In this paper, I discuss my movie analysis and provide recommendations for improvement.

Archaic Words

Your writing may not make any sense to readers if you overuse archaic transition words like therewith .

For example, hereby means as a result. We can replace it with more modern and explicit phrasing expressing how the current statement is connected to the previous statement.

Linking Words Summary

A linking word is a term that connects different ideas in your text, whether they are contrasting, supporting, or adding. They can improve your writing and help it flow better, I promise!

Regardless of the style of writing, every piece of writing contains linking words to show perfect transitions. I hope my guide on the definition and list of transitions helps you use these words and phrases correctly. Memorize each category, and don’t overuse them in essays.

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Speech transitions: words and phrases to connect your ideas

June 28, 2018 - Gini Beqiri

When delivering presentations it’s important for your words and ideas to flow so your audience can understand how everything links together and why it’s all relevant.

This can be done using speech transitions because these act as signposts to the audience – signalling the relationship between points and ideas. This article explores how to use speech transitions in presentations.

What are speech transitions?

Speech transitions are words and phrases that allow you to smoothly move from one point to another so that your speech flows and your presentation is unified.

This makes it easier for the audience to understand your argument and without transitions the audience may be confused as to how one point relates to another and they may think you’re randomly jumping between points.

Types of transitions

Transitions can be one word, a phrase or a full sentence – there are many different types, here are a few:

Introduction

Introduce your topic:

We will be looking at/identifying/investigating the effects of…
Today I will be discussing…

Presentation outline

Inform the audience of the structure of your presentation:

There are three key points I’ll be discussing…
I want to begin by…, and then I’ll move on to…
We’ll be covering… from two points of view…
This presentation is divided into four parts…

Move from the introduction to the first point

Signify to the audience that you will now begin discussing the first main point:

Now that you’re aware of the overview, let’s begin with…
First, let’s begin with…
I will first cover…
My first point covers…
To get started, let’s look at…

Shift between similar points

Move from one point to a similar one:

In the same way…
Likewise…
Equally…
This is similar to…
Similarly…

Shift between disagreeing points

You may have to introduce conflicting ideas – bridging words and phrases are especially good for this:

Conversely…
Despite this…
However…
On the contrary…
Now let’s consider…
Even so…
Nonetheless…
We can’t ignore…
On the other hand…

Transition to a significant issue

Fundamentally…
A major issue is…
The crux of the matter…
A significant concern is…

Referring to previous points

You may have to refer to something that you’ve already spoken about because, for example, there may have been a break or a fire alarm etc:

Let’s return to…
We briefly spoke about X earlier; let’s look at it in more depth now…
Let’s revisit…
Let’s go back to…
Do you recall when I mentioned…

This can be also be useful to introduce a new point because adults learn better when new information builds on previously learned information.

Introducing an aside note

You may want to introduce a digression:

I’d just like to mention…
That reminds me…
Incidentally…

Physical movement

You can move your body and your standing location when you transition to another point. The audience find it easier to follow your presentation and movement will increase their interest.

A common technique for incorporating movement into your presentation is to:

Start your introduction by standing in the centre of the stage.
For your first point you stand on the left side of the stage.
You discuss your second point from the centre again.
You stand on the right side of the stage for your third point.
The conclusion occurs in the centre.

Emphasising importance

You need to ensure that the audience get the message by informing them why something is important:

More importantly…
This is essential…
Primarily…
Mainly…

Internal summaries

Internal summarising consists of summarising before moving on to the next point. You must inform the audience:

What part of the presentation you covered – “In the first part of this speech we’ve covered…”
What the key points were – “Precisely how…”
How this links in with the overall presentation – “So that’s the context…”
What you’re moving on to – “Now I’d like to move on to the second part of presentation which looks at…”

Speech transitions during a team meeting

Cause and effect

You will have to transition to show relationships between factors:

Therefore…
Thus…
Consequently…
As a result…
This is significant because…
Hence…

Elaboration

Also…
Besides…
What’s more…
In addition/additionally…
Moreover…
Furthermore…

Point-by-point or steps of a process

First/firstly/The first one is…
Second/Secondly/The second one is…
Third/Thirdly/The third one is…
Last/Lastly/Finally/The fourth one is…

Introduce an example

This is demonstrated by…
For instance…
Take the case of…
For example…
You may be asking whether this happens in X? The answer is yes…
To show/illustrate/highlight this…
Let me illustrate this by…

Transition to a demonstration

Now that we’ve covered the theory, let’s practically apply it…
I’ll conduct an experiment to show you this in action…
Let me demonstrate this…
I’ll now show you this…

Introducing a quotation

X was a supporter of this thinking because he said…
There is a lot of support for this, for example, X said…

Transition to another speaker

In a group presentation you must transition to other speakers:

Briefly recap on what you covered in your section: “So that was a brief introduction on what health anxiety is and how it can affect somebody”
Introduce the next speaker in the team and explain what they will discuss: “Now Gayle will talk about the prevalence of health anxiety.”
Then end by looking at the next speaker, gesturing towards them and saying their name: “Gayle”.
The next speaker should acknowledge this with a quick: “Thank you Simon.”

From these examples, you can see how the different sections of the presentations link which makes it easier for the audience to follow and remain engaged.

You can tell personal stories or share the experiences of others to introduce a point. Anecdotes are especially valuable for your introduction and between different sections of the presentation because they engage the audience. Ensure that you plan the stories thoroughly beforehand and that they are not too long.

Using questions

You can transition through your speech by asking questions and these questions also have the benefit of engaging your audience more. There are three different types of questions:

Direct questions require an answer: “What is the capital of Italy?” These are mentally stimulating for the audience.

Rhetorical questions do not require answers, they are often used to emphasises an idea or point: “Is the Pope catholic?

Loaded questions contain an unjustified assumption made to prompt the audience into providing a particular answer which you can then correct to support your point: You may ask “Why does your wonderful company have such a low incidence of mental health problems?”.

The audience will generally answer that they’re happy. After receiving the answers you could then say “Actually it’s because people are still unwilling and too embarrassed to seek help for mental health issues at work etc.”

Transition to a visual aid

If you are going to introduce a visual aid you must prepare the audience with what they’re going to see, for example, you might be leading into a diagram that supports your statement. Also, before you show the visual aid , explain why you’re going to show it, for example, “This graph is a significant piece of evidence supporting X”.

When the graphic is on display get the audience to focus on it:

The table indicates…
As you can see…
I’d like to direct your attention to…

Explain what the visual is showing:

You can see that there has been a reduction in…
The diagram is comparing the…

Using a visual aid to transition

Visual aids can also be used as transitions and they have the benefit of being stimulating and breaking-up vocal transitions.

You might have a slide with just a picture on it to signify to the audience that you’re moving on to a new point – ensure that this image is relevant to the point. Many speakers like to use cartoons for this purpose but ensure its suitable for your audience.

Always summarise your key points first in the conclusion:

Let’s recap on what we’ve spoken about today…
Let me briefly summarise the main points…

And then conclude:

If you have a shorter speech you may choose to end your presentation with one statement:

In short…
To sum up…
In a nutshell…
To summarise…
In conclusion…

However, using statements such as “To conclude” may cause the audience to stop listening. It’s better to say:

I’d like to leave you with this…
What you should take away from this is…
Finally, I want to say…

Call to action

Requesting the audience to do something at the end of the presentation:

You may be thinking how can I help in this matter? Well…
My aim is to encourage you to go further and…
What I’m requesting of you is…

Common mistakes

When transitions are used poorly you can annoy and confuse the audience. Avoid:

Using transitions that are too short – transitions are a key part of ensuring the audience understands your presentation so spend sufficient time linking to your next idea.
Too many tangents – any digressions should still be relevant to the topic and help the audience with their understanding, otherwise cut them out.
Incompatible transitions – for example, if you’re about to introduce an example that supports your statement you wouldn’t introduce this by saying “but”. Use transitions that signify the relationship between points.
Over-using the same transition because this is boring for the audience to hear repeatedly. Ensure that there is variety with your transitions, consider including visual transitions.
Miscounting your transitions – for example, don’t say “first point”, “second point”, “next point” – refer to your points consistently.

Speech transitions are useful for unifying and connecting your presentation. The audience are more likely to remain engaged since they’ll be able to follow your points. But remember that it’s important to practice your transitions beforehand and not just the content of your arguments because you risk looking unprofessional and confusing the audience if the presentation does not flow smoothly.

Linking Words (Transitional Expressions)

Introduction.

Linking words in English, also known as transition words or cohesive devices, are words or phrases that enhance the flow of a sentence or paragraph by indicating the relationship between ideas. In this article, we will cover examples of these transitional words to help write cohesively and coherently.

Let’s start by understanding what we mean by linking words!

What Are Linking Words?

Linking words, also referred to as transition words, connectives, or cohesive devices, play a crucial role in enhancing the structure and coherence of written and spoken English.

These words and phrases serve as bridges between ideas, helping readers or listeners navigate through the text or speech more smoothly. They establish logical relationships between different parts of a sentence, paragraph, or discourse, making the overall communication more organized and comprehensible.

Examples of linking words include words for addition (e.g., in addition, furthermore, etc.), for contrast (e.g., however, but, etc.), for cause and effect (e.g., because, since, etc.), for purpose (e.g., so that, in order to, etc.), and for summarizing (e.g., in summary, in a nutshell, etc.).

Why Are Linking Words Important?

Incorporating linking words within and between sentences and paragraphs enhances the logical flow of your writing. These words serve as valuable signposts, aiding your reader in navigating seamlessly from one idea to the next while elucidating the relationships between sentences or paragraphs.

A text without linking words lacks cohesion , thereby undermining the creation of a coherent overall meaning. Consider the following two texts: the first is equipped with linking words, and the second is without. Observe how the inclusion of linking words significantly contributes to the overall coherence of the text.

Paragraph 1 (With Linking Words):

In the bustling city, the streets were alive with activity. Moreover , the constant hum of traffic and the vibrant colors of city lights created a mesmerizing scene. Despite the urban hustle, a sense of harmony prevailed. Additionally , the aroma of street food wafted through the air, enticing passersby. However , beneath the surface of this dynamic cityscape, challenges lurked. The gap between the affluent and the underprivileged was evident. Nevertheless , efforts were being made to address social inequalities and foster a more inclusive community.

Paragraph 2 (Without Linking Words):

In the bustling city, the streets were alive with activity. The constant hum of traffic and the vibrant colors of city lights created a mesmerizing scene. You could observe an urban hustle. A sense of harmony prevailed. The aroma of street food wafted through the air, enticing passersby. Beneath the surface of this dynamic cityscape, challenges lurked. The gap between the affluent and the underprivileged was evident. Efforts were being made to address social inequalities and foster a more inclusive community.

In Paragraph 1, the use of linking words like “Moreover,” “despite,” “Additionally,” “However,” and “Nevertheless” helps create a smooth and connected narrative, indicating additions, contrasts, and causal relationships between different ideas. The paragraph feels more cohesive and organized.

In contrast, Paragraph 2 lacks these linking words, resulting in a more disjointed and less structured narrative. The relationships between ideas are not explicitly highlighted, making it harder for the reader to discern the connections between different aspects of the city described.

Examples Of Linking Words In English

Like other languages, English has a lot of cohesive devices or linking words that can be used to express and join ideas.

Here are some examples:

1. Expressing addition

To add information, you can use these expressions:

In addition – Additionally – As well (as) – Moreover – What is more – Not only…but also… – Furthermore – Besides – Also – Too – And

If the project fails this will have terrible consequences not only for our department but also for the whole organization
John’s grades are terrible because he has been so lazy these days. In addition to this , his relationship with his parents got worse.
The report is badly written. Moreover , it’s inaccurate.
The report outlines the current challenges faced by the industry. Additionally , it suggests strategies for overcoming these challenges.
She excels in mathematics. Besides , she’s a talented violinist.
I appreciate your kindness. Also , your insights and help were valuable.
I want to visit Marrakech. My friend does too .
She is skilled in graphic design as well as web development.
The company values teamwork. Individual achievements are recognized as well .

2. Expressing contrast

To express contrast, you can use these expressions:

Although – Even though – In spite of – Despite – However – Yet – Nevertheless – Nonetheless – On the contrary – Whereas – On the one hand …but on the other hand… – Conversely – In contrast – But

Brain drain has terrible consequences on developing countries. Nevertheless , nothing has been done to solve the problem or at least reduce its negative effects.
D espite Fred’s old age, he goes jogging every morning.
Although she’s very nice, her classmates hate her.
They have got two children, a boy and a girl. The boy takes after his father whereas the girl takes after the mother.
On the one hand, the new policy promotes environmental sustainability by reducing carbon emissions. But on the other hand, it poses economic challenges for industries reliant on traditional energy sources.
The popular belief is that multitasking enhances productivity. On the contrary, research suggests that it can lead to a decrease in overall efficiency.
While traditional teaching methods prioritize rote memorization, modern education emphasizes critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Conversely, some argue that a balance between the two approaches is essential for effective learning.

3. Expressing cause and effect

To express cause and effect, you can use these expressions:

Consequently – As a consequence – As a result – Therefore – Because of this – For this reason – Because – Since – As – For – Due to – Owing to

She remained silent, for she was too depressed to talk.
We can’t go to Sue’s party because we’ll be busy working on our project.
The plane was delayed because of the foggy weather.
He had spent most of his time hanging around instead of revising his lessons. Consequently , he had a lot of trouble answering the exam questions.
She missed her flight. Therefore, she had to reschedule her entire travel itinerary.
The experiment yielded significant results; because of this, the researchers are planning further investigations.
The project faced unforeseen challenges. For this reason, the team decided to reassess the initial timeline.
Since the new policy was implemented, there has been a noticeable improvement in employee morale.
The team worked diligently for they were determined to meet the project deadline.
The event was canceled due to the adverse weather conditions.
Owing to the financial constraints, the company had to scale down its expansion plans.

4. Expressing purpose

To express the purpose behind specific actions, the use of linking words that convey intention becomes crucial. Here are some illustrative examples:

In order to – in order not to – So as to – So as not to – to – Not to – So that – In order that

She wakes up early in order to be on time to work.
They visited him so as to offer their condolences for the death of his wife
He helped the new policewoman so as not to fail in her first mission.
She worked overtime so that she could complete the project before the deadline.
The team collaborated closely in order that each member’s expertise could contribute to the project’s success.

5. Illustrating or Exemplifying

To effectively introduce examples and illustrations, incorporating appropriate linking words is essential. Below is a compilation of linking words specifically tailored for exemplifying and illustrating:

For example – For instance – Such as – Namely – To illustrate – In particular

Participating in regular physical exercise offers various advantages. For example , it promotes cardiovascular health, strengthens muscles, and enhances overall well-being.
Learning a new language has numerous benefits. For instance , it enhances cognitive abilities and opens up new cultural perspectives.
Many countries face challenges related to climate change, such as rising sea levels and extreme weather events.
The statistics indicate a significant increase in global temperatures over the past century. To illustrate , the average global temperature has risen by approximately 1.2 degrees Celsius since the late 19th century, with notable consequences such as the melting of polar ice caps and shifts in weather patterns.
The new policy aims to address several issues, in particular , improving access to education and healthcare.

6. Time and Sequencing

At times, incorporating connectors that convey time relationships or sequence events can enhance the clarity of your message. Here are some illustrative examples:

Meanwhile – Subsequently – Afterward – First (ly) – Second (ly) – Third (ly) – Another – Additionally – Finally – Lastly – Ultimately – Subsequently – Eventually – Next – Then

Meanwhile , as the research continued, new data emerged, altering the initial hypothesis.
The team completed the initial phase of the project successfully. Subsequently , they proceeded to the next stage of development.
The conference will address key issues in the morning session. Afterward , participants will engage in workshops to discuss practical solutions.
Firstly , the company focused on restructuring its internal processes. Secondly , it implemented new technology for enhanced efficiency. Lastly , it initiated a training program for employees.
The project involves several stages. Another critical aspect is the detailed analysis of market trends.
The team worked diligently on the proposal. Finally , they submitted it before the deadline.
The initial phase of the project focused on research and development. Subsequently , the team moved on to the testing phase.
The technology company introduced a new product. Eventually , it became a market leader in its category.
The team completed the planning phase. Next , they will start implementing the proposed strategies.
The workshop covered theoretical concepts. Then , participants engaged in hands-on activities to apply the knowledge gained.

7. Re-phrasing

The following linking words aid in presenting alternative expressions or clarifying ideas, promoting a more nuanced and refined communication style:

In other terms – In simpler words – Put differently – To put it another way – In a different light

The concept may be challenging; in other terms , it requires a deeper level of understanding.
The complex theory may be hard to grasp. In simpler words , it suggests that…
The report indicates potential areas for improvement. Put differently , there are opportunities to enhance performance.
The statistics highlight the economic impact. To put it another way , these figures underscore the financial consequences.
The problem can be viewed from various perspectives. In a different light , it may reveal new insights and solutions.

8. Introducing Alternatives

Some linking words are used to introduce alternatives to the preceding information. Here is a selection of such terms:

Or better – Instead of – Alternatively – Rather (than) – Or else – In lieu of – On the flip side – Otherwise

The initial approach proved ineffective. Rather , a more strategic plan is needed for project success.
You can choose the standard shipping option, which takes 5-7 business days, or better, opt for expedited shipping for delivery within 2-3 business days.
The traditional method has its merits. Alternatively , a modern approach could yield quicker results.
You can complete the assignment by Friday, or else request an extension.
Use the digital format in lieu of a printed copy for a more eco-friendly approach.
You can attend the morning session, on the flip side, the afternoon session is also available.
The deadline for the project is approaching. Otherwise , there may be consequences for the entire team.

9. Comparing

The following linking words assist in drawing parallels and highlighting similarities, facilitating a smoother comparison between different ideas or entities.

Similarly – Likewise -In the same way – Just as – Like – Similarly (to) -In comparison – By comparison – Compared to – In a similar fashion – In a similar vein

The new software interface enhances the user experience. Similarly , the updated mobile app provides a more intuitive design.
Effective communication is essential in both personal and professional relationships. Likewise , establishing trust is crucial in both contexts.
The project management team employs agile methodologies. In the same way , the software development team adopts similar practices.
Just as technology evolves rapidly, so does consumer behavior in response to these changes.
The marketing strategy aligns similarly to the tactics employed by successful competitors.
The two models differ in terms of performance. In comparison , the latest version exhibits superior speed and efficiency.
The old system required manual data entry. By comparison , the new system automates this process, reducing the likelihood of errors.
The current financial quarter shows positive growth. Compared to the previous quarter, there is a noticeable improvement.
The design philosophy is consistent across all products. In a similar fashion , each item emphasizes simplicity and functionality.
The team handled the challenge in a similar vein to their approach in previous successful projects.

10. Ananalyzing

The following linking words aid in presenting logical connections and consequences when analyzing information or data.

Accordingly – The result is – Results are – The consequence is – It can be seen – Evidence illustrates that – Because of this – Thus – Hence – For this reason – Owing to – This suggests that – It follows that – In that case – That implies

The team optimized the workflow, accordingly , improving overall efficiency.
The company implemented a new sales strategy. The result is a significant increase in revenue.
The latest marketing campaign targeted a specific demographic. The results are a higher engagement rate among the target audience.
The team invested in employee training programs. It can be seen that this led to a boost in employee morale.
The study analyzed the impact of social media on brand perception. Evidence illustrates that positive online interactions correlate with improved brand reputation.
The survey reveals a shift in consumer preferences. Thus , businesses must tailor their products to meet changing demands.
The new software streamlines communication. Hence , team collaboration has become more efficient.
The analysis of user feedback indicates a need for interface improvements. This suggests that user experience enhancements are necessary.
The study examined consumer habits over time. It follows that purchasing decisions are often influenced by social media trends.
The marketing strategy requires adjustments. In that case , a thorough review of current market trends is necessary.
The experiment yielded unexpected results. That implies further investigation is required to understand the underlying factors.

11. Summarizing

When writing, incorporating transitional devices that succinctly summarize the discussed points is essential. Here are some illustrative examples:

In conclusion – To conclude – To sum up – In a nutshell – In brief – In short – All in all – Everything considered – Overall – To summarize

The research findings highlight the importance of sustainable practices in business. In conclusion , companies must prioritize eco-friendly initiatives for long-term success.
The debate on climate change is complex and multifaceted. To conclude , a comprehensive and collaborative approach is necessary for effective mitigation.
The presentation covered various aspects of the new product launch. To sum up , the key features include enhanced functionality, user-friendly design, and competitive pricing.
The policy aims to streamline bureaucratic processes. In a nutshell , the objective is to improve efficiency and reduce administrative bottlenecks.
The report delves into the economic impact of the global pandemic. In brief , the findings indicate a recession with potential long-term consequences.
The seminar explored advancements in artificial intelligence. In short , the speakers highlighted the transformative potential of AI across industries.
The project faced challenges, but the team persevered. All in all , their dedication resulted in a successful outcome.
The proposed changes in the company’s structure require careful consideration. Everything considered , a phased implementation plan would be most effective.
The discussion covered various perspectives on the future of renewable energy. Overall , it emphasized the need for a sustainable and diverse energy portfolio.
The essay provides a comprehensive analysis of historical events. To summarize , it traces the evolution of societal norms and their impact on cultural shifts.

These linking words aid in presenting a concise and coherent summary of information, reinforcing key points and bringing clarity to the conclusion of a text.

The following table summarizes and organizes the linking words, provides examples, and illustrates their sentence usage.

In conclusion, the integration of linking words is indispensable for crafting cohesive texts that ensure a seamless flow of ideas and sentences. The judicious use of these transitional devices not only enhances the coherence of your writing but also significantly contributes to its overall clarity, facilitating a more effective communication of thoughts and concepts.

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Figures of speech

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#257: Linking Words for Smooth Transitions When Speaking English

Nov 9, 2022 | English Conversation

Have you ever felt that heart-stopping panic when someone says “ What was that? I lost you. ” Or, “ Could you explain that again? I’m not following you. ”

It is stressful and frustrating when someone has a difficult time following your ideas.

And sure, it could be the noise in the background or the topic is unfamiliar, but it could also be a lack of smooth transitions between your sentences.

Let me show you what I mean. Listen and read the following examples:

Helen walked to the store and bought groceries. She went to the bank to pay her bills. She didn’t go shopping. There wasn’t enough time.

Helen walked to the store and bought some groceries. Then , she went to the bank to pay her bills. However , she didn’t go shopping since there wasn’t enough time.

What differences do you notice? Was one easier to follow than the other? Did one have more clarity?

You may have also noticed that I sprinkled in a few extra words in the second example: Then, however, and since.

Those small but mighty words are linking words.

Linking words, also known as sentence transitions and transition words , help your sentences to smoothly flow from one to another so you speak English with clarity .

And those smooth transitions make it easy for your listeners to follow you as you speak.

In other words, they don’t feel lost.

In this Confident English lesson, you’ll learn 8 ways to use linking words and linking phrases for smooth transitions when you speak English.

Of course, I’ll give you multiple examples so you can use these sentence transitions with accuracy and confidence in your English communication.

8 Ways to Use Linking Words for Smooth Transitions When Speaking English

Why are linking words useful .

Before we focus on the first way to use linking words, let’s look at all the ways linking words can help you with smooth transitions:

Linking words:
Create a logical flow between ideas;
Compare, contrast, add on, agree, or refute;
Maintain cohesion;
Act as signposts to guide listeners through each idea;
Draw attention to and emphasize details;
Express emotions or attitude

Put Them Where They Belong

Knowing where to place linking words is crucial to ensuring clarity and organization.

Linking words may be placed:

At the beginning of a sentence
In between a sentence/idea
Ex . At first , the book introduces the history of psychology. Later , it shifts to contemporary studies and theories.

Use #1: To Reiterate Or Repeat

There may be times when you will need to reiterate and repeat what has already been said. This is usually done in an attempt to clarify, draw attention to the fact that something was previously mentioned or covered, or emphasize the repetition of a point.

To indicate this, the following linking words may be used as a signpost:

As I’ve said
As mentioned in [X]
As/Like X said

Ex . Scenario #1 : Imagine you’re in a meeting for the company’s social media strategy and a coworker suggests a change, you might say, “ Like Linny said , we should wait for more data before making any major changes to our strategy. ”

Use #2: To Create A Sequence

When organizing and expressing a number of ideas at once, sequencing and time are especially important – sequencing helps us understand the order of events.

Linking words/phrases related to time and sequence not only allow for smoother transitions, but they help the listener to easily follow your train of thought.

Some linking words/phrases for this purpose include:

First/Second/Third/Last
Before/Beforehand
After/Afterwards
At the same time
In the meantime
To begin/start
For [X time]

Ex . Scenario #2 : Think about the last time you shared a baked goods recipe with someone. When sharing the methodology, each step probably started with a time/sequence word. You might’ve said, “ First, cream the butter and sugar together. Then, add the eggs one at a time. ”

Without those transitions, there’s a good chance that the recipe will go terribly wrong.

Use #3: To Express Conditions

Linking words can also be used to communicate conditional circumstances or ideas to express that something may only be true or occur due to another.

To express a conditional, use the following words/phrases:

As/So long as
Granted/Provided that
In the event that

Ex . Scenario #3 : Perhaps you’re discussing future plans of starting a business and say, “ I’m on track to start my business next year, so long as I continue to save my money in the same way .”

The same could also be expressed as: “ I’m currently on track to start my business next year, provided I don’t run into some unforeseen expenses. ”

Use #4: To Support Or Illustrate

Most often, linking words/phrases are used to introduce examples or expand on an idea for support.

To support or illustrate an idea or a series of connected ideas, you may say:

For example/instance
In other words
To put it differently (or another way)
That is to say
To demonstrate/emphasize/explain
In particular

Ex . Scenario #4 : Imagine that you’re explaining where to listen to podcasts. You might say, “ Podcasts are available everywhere. That is to say , you can find them on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Google Podcasts, or even directly on a podcast’s website. ” The same could also be said in the following way: “ Podcasts are available everywhere. Namely , Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Google Podcasts, or any podcast’s website. ”

Use #5: To Compare and Contrast

Linking words are particularly helpful to contrast opposing ideas or comparing them. Linking words enable us to compare and contrast concisely and clearly.

When contrasting ideas, the following linking words are often used:

In contrast
On the contrary
On one hand [X]. On the other hand [Y].
Even so / Even though
In spite of
While [X]…[Y]
At first, [X]. But then, [Y]

Ex . Scenario #5 : To convince your coworker of the benefits of making a change to social media strategy, you might say “ On one hand , there are benefits to waiting until we see the data. On the other hand , the slower we are to react, the higher the risk of losing our audience. ” We could express the same by saying, “ While there are benefits to waiting until all the data is in, acting fast will ensure we don’t lose our audience. ”

When drawing similarities or making comparisons, the following linking words are often used:

In comparison
In the same manner/way

Ex . Scenario #6 : Perhaps, you and your partner are narrowing down the options for a property you’re interested in purchasing. “ Just as the first house is by the water with great views, the last house also has the same, it’s just a bit cheaper. ”

Use #6: To Add On & Expand

When we’d like to add more to a statement or an idea, the following linking words/phrases are helpful:

In addition (to)
Additionally,
Furthermore
Equally important

Ex . Scenario #7 : Imagine you’re telling a friend all the reasons why they should watch a particular show. To convince them, you might say, “ The show focuses on real stories and retells events in an exciting way. Plus , the actors are great! ”

Use #7: To Emphasize Or Draw Attention

In addition, linking words are useful for emphasizing or drawing attention to particular ideas.

The following phrases help us do just that:

It’s important to realize

Ex . Scenario #8 : Imagine you’re taking on part of a coworker’s workload but they’re worried it might be too much. To reassure them, you might say, “ Don’t worry about any of this. Besides , Kiko will be helping me as well. ”

Use #8: Summarize Or Conclude

Finally, when all is said and done, linking words help us wrap up our ideas – to come to a conclusion and summarize the main point.

When summarizing, the following linking words/phrases are helpful:

To summarize

Ex . Scenario #9 : Perhaps, you’re nearing the end of a long presentation and would like to reiterate some of the key points.

At that moment, you could say, “ In brief , we can cut carbon emissions by carpooling, using renewable energy sources, and upgrading our homes to be energy-efficient. ”

Lastly, when concluding, the following linking words/phrases are helpful:

In conclusion
To conclude
All things considered
As a result/consequence

Ex . Scenario #10 : Take the previous example. To end your presentation, you might say, “ In brief , we can cut carbon emissions by carpooling, using renewable energy sources, and upgrading our homes to be energy-efficient. Thus , cutting carbon emissions at home is an easy and small step that we should all take.”

How to Practice Using Linking Words in English

After you’ve reviewed the lesson, try using linking words with this practice activity:

Choose a topic that you feel strongly about.
Create a mind map for that topic and branch out to write three major points that support your opinion.
Then, expand on each point with an example or supporting argument.
Use your resulting mind map and record yourself expressing your thoughts.
Listen for areas in your argument where linking words/phrases could smooth the transition between ideas, draw comparisons, help you emphasize..etc.
Reword your argument and record yourself speaking about the topic.
Listen for overuse of linking words/phrases. Remember the goal is to work them naturally into your communication and use them as signposts for your listener.
Repeat the activity with another topic.

You can share an example below.

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Hi! I’m Sophie and i need help with linking words.

Hi I’m Elsa , First of all, I would like to say thank you for sharing this lesson to me .I found it helpful .I really want to practice using linking words/phrases in English. I need your to recommend me some resources such as websites, podcasts…that you think helpful to me to improve English speaking skills using linking words or phrases.

This is a really important lesson and great approach to a weakness for most English-learning speakers. Thanks so much!

You’re so welcome, Ann.

it’s an incredible lesson of 8 strategies linking ideas including a variety of clues through which we will be able to understand the information and follow the instructions and so on. Thank you so much Annmarie for your extraordinary efforts and you are such an amazing teacher. This lesson is the most important for me in writing and understanding.

Thank you so much for your comment, Anju! We’re thrilled to know the lesson was helpful to you!

While there are benefits ” to waiting ” until all the data is in, acting fast will ensure we don’t lose our audience. ” Question: Why ” to waiting ” and not ” to wait “, without ” ing ” ?? ________________

Hi Tania, thank you for your questions with the -ing form of the words “waiting” and “ensuring.” In both cases, we are using the gerund form of the word. This means we’re adding an -ing to the verb and using it like a noun, not a verb. Similar examples include: – There are benefits to meditation. Or, there are benefits to creating time for meditation. Both could be correct. I hope this helps.

I have the same question!

” Knowing where to place linking words is crucial to ensuring clarity and organization”. Question: Why ” ing ” in to ensuring ?? Why not ” to ensure ??? ____________

Whereas I enjoy all of your lessons, I have to say; this lesson is the most favourite to me of them all.

Thank you, Rabab. I’m so pleased to hear that.

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SpeakUp resources

How to sound more natural: by linking words.

By Anita Collins

Many English learners pronounce each word separately because they want to make sure their speech is clear and easily understood or because they may “think” in individuals words instead of thought groups. Speaking this way may help with clarity, but it also creates speech that sounds non-native and a bit choppy and mechanical, somewhat like computer-generated speech. Linking words is key to avoiding this unnatural sound.

Native English speakers connect, or “link,” words together when communicating one thought group. Linking means connecting the last sound of one word to the first sound of the following word. The result? Smooth, natural, fluent-sounding English.

Do you sometimes drop word endings by not pronouncing the final consonant? This problem will be solved if you apply the rules of linking to your speech since linking requires you to connect the final consonant with the following word, if it begins with a vowel. As a result, the final sound becomes the first sound of the word that follows it.

You know what? This will make things easier for you, too!

Linking Consonants to Vowels

Let’s look at an example.

Which is more difficult for you to pronounce: “burned out” or “burn doubt?”

We’re guessing the first one is more of a challenge for you. The good news is that a native speaker would pronounce “burned out” as we would read “burn doubt.”

Another example? “It’s – a – cold – evening” can be a mouthful when pronounced separately, but if you say “it sa col devening,” you’ll sound more natural and will spend less effort getting that phrase out!

Linking ing + Vowel

Be careful not to skip the /g/ sound when linking the ing ending of a word to the vowel sound of the following word. For example, “going on” should not be pronounced as “goin’ on” in standard English. Be sure to create a quick nasal “ng” /ŋ/sound by touching the back of your mouth with the back of your tongue.

Try linking in these examples

I’m think ing a bout it
How about stay ing i n tonight?
Are we really do ing i t?
This just isn’t work ing o ut

Linking Consonant to Same Consonant

When the final consonant of one word is the same as the first consonant of the next word, the consonant is pronounced only once, with a slightly lengthened sound.

Linking Two Different Consonants

In our section on consonants, we explained the difference between stops and continuants. Remember that “stops” are consonants that are pronounced with a stop in airflow (ex. /b/) while “continuants” are pronounced with a continuation of airflow (ex. /s/).

Understanding these two types of consonants will help you sound more natural when linking words.

Here are the rules of linking two different consonants:

When a stop sound is followed by another consonant, you must hold the stop sound. What does this mean? Instead of releasing air after you create the sound with your lips or tongue, hold the pressure inside your mouth. This applies to both to linking words (ex. “Sit down”) and consonant combinations within words (ex. “lobster”)
Linking continuants is easier since you can just continue from one consonant to the next without stopping the airflow. For example, “aims to” sounds “aim Stu,” “it’s tall,” sounds like “it stall.”

Make sure that you hold the final consonant of the first word.

up top baked buns great day cookbook

help now fried beans big dog dark night

Need help?

For more tips on how to make your English speaking sound more natural, check out these articles on connected speech:

Intrusive Sounds (when sounds are added)
Elision (when sounds are removed)
Assimilation (when sounds change)

Would you like a little more coaching on your pronunciation with a professional ESL teacher? To learn more about English pronunciation and practice it in conversation, join SpeakUp , a dynamic program that engages you in authentic conversations on relevant topics and provides you with feedback from a professional experienced English teacher. The first week is free for you to try it out!

Anita Collins

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Academic writing
Commonly confused words
Critical thinking
PEEL Paragraphs
Linking/transition words
Paraphrasing
Proofreading
Terms and definitions
Action Words: What is description, application, analysis and evaluation

Linking/transition words: Things you need to know...

All assignments are written in formal language. You need to ensure that you demonstrate your knowledge and understanding alongside your ability to answer the question/solve the problem.

Below are some ideas to help you to develop your structure and flow.

Linking / transition words and phrases join ideas, sentences and paragraphs together. They should be used within sentences and to move from one idea to another (between sentences).

These words and phrases indicate the direction, order and flow of ideas. Significantly, they strengthen the quality and structure of your work.

Redundant Words - less is more. P articularly when trying to reduce the word count, it is important to look for phrases which can be replaced with a single word.

Linking/Transition Words

Transitions link one main idea to another separated by a semi-colon or full-stop. When the transition word is at the beginning of the sentence, it should be followed by a comma:

Among other functions, they can signal cause and effect or sequencing (see examples in the table below).

Linking words: conjunctions

Linking words within a sentence are referred to as coordinating conjunctions. Do not worry about the term: think about the function.

Conciseness / redundant words

Microsoft Word now has an additional feature within the Edito r - it is called conciseness or wordiness.

If you cannot see the Editor menu a quick tip is to hold down the function (fn key at the bottom left of the keyboard) + F7 (top line of keys).
From the Refinements section - select Conciseness - if there are any suggestions a number will appear in the box alongside this option
A dotted line will appear under any groups of groups
Either select the identified text by clicking with your right mouse button OR click on the down down next to the Conciseness menu.
MS Word will display any alternative words which you can either select and they will be replaced in your text or reject if you want to keep the original phrases.

Examples: try to replace phrases with a single words which mean the same.

Need to know more...

Related pages
External links
Academic writing Illustrates the main features of academic writing so that you are aware of what it is and what it involves
Critical Thinking Academic work involves thinking, not just accepting what you read or are told.
Terms and Definitions Important words appear in your assignments and examinations. The aim of this factsheet is to help you to fully understand what they mean.

Additional resources to help you to improve your confidence and grades:-

Writing Effectively demonstrates the importance of: clarity, structure, relevance, argument and precision.
Writing Mechanics gives further examples and resources on areas including: sentence structure, vocabulary, spelling, punctuation and grammar.

Linking/Transition words - Scribbr https://www.scribbr.co.uk/syntax/transition-words-examples/ [Accessed 10 February 2023]

There are many books concerning academic writing, look around Dewey number 808

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Linking Words in American English: Unlocking Fluent Communication 🔗

Linking words seamlessly is a vital element in sounding natural in the vibrant tapestry of American English. The art of linking words is a pivotal component to knowing how words flow together in American English and achieving a natural and professional cadence in American English. L et’s dive into tips to refine your communication, making it more polished and fluent! 🌐✨

1️⃣ Understanding Linking: Linking is the seamless connection of sounds between words. It’s like creating a musical composition where each note flows into the next. In English, words aren’t islands; they’re interconnected streams of expression. When words effortlessly flow into one another, your speech becomes more natural, like that of a native speaker.

2️⃣ C onsonant-to-Vowel Linking: One of the common linking techniques involves connecting a consonant at the end of one word to a vowel at the beginning of the next. For example, saying “I like apples” smoothly can make it sound like “I-like-apples” where it is one long word.

3️⃣ Natural Connections: Observe the subtle interplay of words in American English, where “It is” effortlessly condenses into “it’s,” and “I am” gracefully morphs into “I’m.”.

4️⃣ Embrace Extra Sounds: Extra sounds are added between words to make your transitions smoother. “Ten apples” becomes the melodic “teNnaples.” It’s like giving your words a musical twist!

5️⃣ Elision: Elision is the fancy term for dropping sounds. English speakers are notorious for it, especially with unstressed syllables. “Gonna” instead of “going to” is a classic example.

6️⃣ Word Endings that Link: Certain word endings naturally link with the following word. For instance, the ‘d’ at the end of “good” can smoothly link with the ‘m’ at the beginning of “morning.”

7️⃣ Listen and Emulate: Draw inspiration from seasoned mentors in this linguistic expedition—native speakers. Immerse yourself in movies, podcasts, and everyday conversations, keenly observing and emulating their adept linkage of words.

8️⃣ Practice Makes Perfect: Like any skill, linking improves with practice. Engage in listening exercises, repeat phrases, and pay attention to how native speakers link words. Soon, you’ll find yourself effortlessly gliding through sentences.

9️⃣ Utilize Language Resources: Explore a wealth of online resources, accent modification courses/coaches, and pronunciation apps designed to elevate your linking skills. Let these tools accompany you on your linguistic refinement journey.

Linking in English isn’t a set of rigid rules; it’s a dynamic dance that adds rhythm and flow to your language. Whether you’re a language enthusiast or a learner, understanding and mastering linking will undoubtedly take your English proficiency to the next level.

Remember, fluency in linking words is a gradual process. Enjoy every step, celebrate your progress, and enjoy sounding more natural in American English. 🚀🗣️

Check out some examples below to get your linking practice rolling:

“I saw” becomes “I-saw” (pronounced as a single word)
“He is” becomes “Heez” (with the “s” sound flowing into the next word)
“She has” becomes “Shez” (with the “s” sound linking to the next word)
“What are” becomes “Whadder” (with the “t” sound linking to the next word)
“Do you” becomes “D’you” (with the “y” sound flowing into the next word)
“We will” becomes “We’ll” (with the “l” sound linking to the next word)
“Could have” becomes “Could’ve” (with the “v” sound flowing into the next word)
“On the” becomes “Onn” (with the “n” sound linking to the next word)
“For a” becomes “Fer-a” (with the “r” sound linking to the next word)
“Going to” becomes “Gonna” (with the “ng” sound linking to the next word)

Happy linking! 🎶🔗

The Power of Pronunciation: Elevate Your Speech

Do you ever find yourself struggling to be understood by others, despite your fluency in English? The key to clear communication may lie in improving your pronunciation. Let’s dive into the world of American pronunciation training, also known as accent reduction, and explore how you can elevate your speech in American English. A Path […]

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Transitional Words and Phrases

One of your primary goals as a writer is to present ideas in a clear and understandable way. To help readers move through your complex ideas, you want to be intentional about how you structure your paper as a whole as well as how you form the individual paragraphs that comprise it. In order to think through the challenges of presenting your ideas articulately, logically, and in ways that seem natural to your readers, check out some of these resources: Developing a Thesis Statement , Paragraphing , and Developing Strategic Transitions: Writing that Establishes Relationships and Connections Between Ideas.

While clear writing is mostly achieved through the deliberate sequencing of your ideas across your entire paper, you can guide readers through the connections you’re making by using transitional words in individual sentences. Transitional words and phrases can create powerful links between your ideas and can help your reader understand your paper’s logic.

In what follows, we’ve included a list of frequently used transitional words and phrases that can help you establish how your various ideas relate to each other. We’ve divided these words and phrases into categories based on the common kinds of relationships writers establish between ideas.

Two recommendations: Use these transitions strategically by making sure that the word or phrase you’re choosing matches the logic of the relationship you’re emphasizing or the connection you’re making. All of these words and phrases have different meanings, nuances, and connotations, so before using a particular transitional word in your paper, be sure you understand its meaning and usage completely, and be sure that it’s the right match for your paper’s logic. Use these transitional words and phrases sparingly because if you use too many of them, your readers might feel like you are overexplaining connections that are already clear.

Categories of Transition Words and Phrases

Causation Chronology Combinations Contrast Example

Importance Location Similarity Clarification Concession

Conclusion Intensification Purpose Summary

Transitions to help establish some of the most common kinds of relationships

Causation– Connecting instigator(s) to consequence(s).

accordingly as a result and so because

consequently for that reason hence on account of

since therefore thus

Chronology– Connecting what issues in regard to when they occur.

after afterwards always at length during earlier following immediately in the meantime

later never next now once simultaneously so far sometimes

soon subsequently then this time until now when whenever while

Combinations Lists– Connecting numerous events. Part/Whole– Connecting numerous elements that make up something bigger.

additionally again also and, or, not as a result besides even more

finally first, firstly further furthermore in addition in the first place in the second place

last, lastly moreover next second, secondly, etc. too

Contrast– Connecting two things by focusing on their differences.

after all although and yet at the same time but

despite however in contrast nevertheless nonetheless notwithstanding

on the contrary on the other hand otherwise though yet

Example– Connecting a general idea to a particular instance of this idea.

as an illustration e.g., (from a Latin abbreviation for “for example”)

for example for instance specifically that is

to demonstrate to illustrate

Importance– Connecting what is critical to what is more inconsequential.

chiefly critically

foundationally most importantly

of less importance primarily

Location– Connecting elements according to where they are placed in relationship to each other.

above adjacent to below beyond

centrally here nearby neighboring on

opposite to peripherally there wherever

Similarity– Connecting to things by suggesting that they are in some way alike.

by the same token in like manner

in similar fashion here in the same way

likewise wherever

Other kinds of transitional words and phrases Clarification

i.e., (from a Latin abbreviation for “that is”) in other words

that is that is to say to clarify to explain

to put it another way to rephrase it

granted it is true

naturally of course

finally lastly

in conclusion in the end

to conclude

Intensification

in fact indeed no

of course surely to repeat

undoubtedly without doubt yes

for this purpose in order that

so that to that end

to this end

in brief in sum

in summary in short

to sum up to summarize

Improving Your Writing Style

This is an accordion element with a series of buttons that open and close related content panels.

Clear, Concise Sentences

Use the active voice

Put the action in the verb

Tidy up wordy phrases

Reduce wordy verbs

Reduce prepositional phrases

Reduce expletive constructions

Avoid using vague nouns

Avoid unneccessarily inflated words

Avoid noun strings

Connecting Ideas Through Transitions

Using Transitional Words and Phrases

Mastering The Art of Linking Words for IELTS Speaking: A Comprehensive Guide

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Introduction.

In the International English Language Testing System (IELTS), the Speaking Test is a significant component that evaluates the candidates’ ability to effectively communicate in English. It assesses their grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and coherence. One critical aspect that can significantly enhance the coherence and fluency of candidates’ responses is the use of linking words. Therefore, in this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the art of using linking words effectively in the context of IELTS Speaking.

Understanding Linking Words

Linking words, also known as transition words or discourse markers, are essential linguistic tools that connect ideas, sentences, or paragraphs. They provide a logical structure to speech, ensuring smooth flow and coherence. Linking words act as signposts, guiding listeners through the speaker’s thoughts and helping to clarify relationships between concepts.

Linking Words: Types and Usage

Expressing addition.

When expressing addition, candidates can use linking words such as “and,” “also,” “besides,” and “in addition.” These words allow speakers to present additional information, extend their points, or provide examples.

Example: “I enjoy travelling to different countries because I get to experience different cultures and meet new people. Also, it broadens my perspective on the world.”

Providing Contrast or Comparison

To introduce contrasting or comparative ideas, candidates can employ linking words like “but,” “yet,” “however,” “on the other hand,” and “despite.” These words help speakers highlight differences, present counterarguments, or demonstrate balanced viewpoints.

Example: “Some people argue that technology isolates individuals. However, I believe that it also enables us to connect with others from diverse backgrounds and fosters global collaboration.”

Illustrating Cause and Effect

Linking words such as “because,” “as a result of,” “due to,” and “therefore” are used to establish cause and effect relationships. These words assist candidates in explaining reasons, discussing consequences, or drawing conclusions.

Example: “Regular exercise benefits our physical and mental well-being. Due to the release of endorphins during exercise, we experience reduced stress levels and increased happiness.”

Indicating Time or Sequence

Linking words related to time and sequence enable candidates to narrate events, describe processes, or organize their ideas chronologically. Words like “firstly,” “then,” “afterwards,” and “finally” help create a coherent and structured response.

Example: “When preparing for an exam, it is important to create a study schedule. Firstly, determine the topics you need to cover. Then, allocate specific time slots for each subject. Finally, review your notes and practice past exam papers.”

Commonly Used Linking Words in IELTS Speaking

In IELTS Speaking, there are various linking words that candidates can employ to enhance their fluency and coherence. Here are some commonly used ones and their explanations:

Furthermore : Adds more information to a previous point.
Nevertheless : Introduces a contrasting idea.
Consequently : Indicates a cause and effect relationship.
Moreover : Introduces additional supporting evidence.
In conclusion : Signals the end or summary of an argument.
To illustrate : Provides an example to support a point.

Using these linking words strategically in their responses, candidates can significantly improve the clarity and cohesiveness of their speech.

Linking Words to Express Opinions

When expressing opinions, candidates can utilize specific linking words to make their viewpoints more apparent. These words help to strengthen arguments and provide a clear stance. Some useful linking words to express opinions are:

In my view : Emphasizes a personal perspective.
I strongly believe that : Conveys a firm conviction.
From my perspective : Indicates an individual viewpoint.

By incorporating these linking words into their responses, candidates can effectively communicate their opinions while ensuring coherence and clarity.

Advanced Linking Words for Impressive Speaking

Advanced linking words add sophistication and depth to candidates’ speech. By incorporating these words, candidates can demonstrate a more extensive vocabulary and showcase their language proficiency. Here are a few examples of advanced linking words:

Nonetheless : Expresses a contrast or concession with an elevated tone.
Subsequently : Demonstrates a chronological sequence with precision.
Notwithstanding : Introduces a contrasting idea with emphasis.
Henceforth : Signals a consequence that will occur in the future.

By expanding their repertoire of linking words to include advanced options, candidates can impress the examiners with their language skills and enhance the overall quality of their responses.

Common Mistakes While Using Linking Words

While linking words play an essential role in improving coherence, candidates must exercise caution to avoid common mistakes. Here are a few frequently encountered errors and tips to avoid them:

Overusing linking words: It is essential to use linking words judiciously. Overusing them may disrupt the natural flow and coherence of speech.
Incorrect placement: Linking words should be appropriately placed to connect ideas seamlessly. Consider the logical connection between sentences and use linking words accordingly.
Inappropriate word choice: Some candidates may inadvertently select the wrong linking words, leading to confusion or lack of clarity. Familiarize yourself with the appropriate usage of each word to avoid this error.

To minimize these mistakes, it is crucial for candidates to practice using linking words effectively and seek feedback on their performance.

Strategies to Incorporate Linking Words in IELTS Speaking

To incorporate linking words successfully, candidates can adopt the following strategies:

Preparation : Before the exam, familiarize yourself with a variety of linking words and their usage. Practice incorporating them into your responses in mock speaking sessions.
Structuring : Plan out your responses by outlining the key points and where you can incorporate linking words to enhance coherence.
Natural integration : Develop the ability to use linking words naturally without sounding overly rehearsed. This can be achieved through extensive practice and real-time conversations.

By implementing these strategies, candidates can effectively integrate linking words into their responses and improve their overall IELTS Speaking performance.

Practice Makes Perfect: Exercises for Mastery

To master the art of using linking words, candidates should engage in regular practice exercises. These exercises can include analyzing sample IELTS Speaking questions and crafting responses that incorporate appropriate linking words. Additionally, online resources and practice tests can provide valuable opportunities to refine linking word usage within a time-constrained environment.

Mastering the art of linking words in IELTS Speaking is essential for achieving coherence, fluency, and higher scores. Candidates must understand the different types of linking words, their appropriate usage, and how they can be strategically integrated into their responses. By practicing and using linking words effectively, candidates can enhance their communication skills and demonstrate their language proficiency to excel in the IELTS Speaking Test. So, practice diligently, experiment with different linking words, and strive for continuous improvement in your speaking abilities.

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Linking Words in English: What Are They and Why Do They Matter?

Published on, june 8, 2022, november 15, 2022, this article may contain affiliate links.

Without linking words, your writing will be harder for readers to understand. This article explains linking words and their importance, gives plenty of examples and provides extra guidance on the most confusing ones.

Linking Words in English: What Are They and Why Do They Matter?

Have a look at these two paragraphs. Which one sounds better?

Paragraph A

There was heavy traffic. Paolo was late to work. His boss was angry with him. He tried to apologise. His boss simply refused to listen.

Paragraph B

Because of the heavy traffic, Paolo was late to work. As a result, his boss was angry with him. However, when he tried to apologise, his boss simply refused to listen.

Did you find that paragraph B sounds much better? The ideas are connected and the text sounds more sophisticated .

In fact, the only difference between the paragraphs is that, in B, we used four simple linking phrases: because of , as a result, however and when .

What are linking words?

Linking words are sometimes called linking phrases (they can be made up of more than one word), connectors or even linkers.

In short, they connect ideas together. We use them in both writing and speaking, but they are most important in writing because they provide structure to your paragraphs.

Linking words can connect two parts of one sentence. They go at the beginning of a sentence or in between the two parts:

Example 1: Although it was summer, George was wearing a thick coat. Example 2: George was wearing a thick coat although it was summer.

Linking words can also connect an idea from the previous sentence (or paragraph) to the current one:

Example: Paolo was late to work. As a result , his boss was angry with him.

Why are linking words important?

Linking words provide a structure to your writing. They also inform the reader or listener of what is to come:

Example. Maria invited all of her friends to the party. Unfortunately …

The word unfortunately here tells the reader to expect bad news regarding Maria’s party. In speaking, this helps the listener to understand the next part of the message.

Lower-level English learners ( CEFR levels A1-A2) rarely use linking words. Learners at intermediate level (B1-B2) use basic linking words. Learners at an advanced level (C1-C2) use a full range of linking words and phrases, including the tricky ones which we will look at in a moment!

Hence, as your English improves to advanced level, you will need to understand and use a wider range of connectors (such as ‘ hence ’).

Examples of linking words

There are hundreds of linking words and phrases in English. It helps to think of them in different categories, so here is a categorised list with one example of each:

Consequence

As a result
Consequently

Example: George was late. As a result , his boss was angry.

Additional information

In addition
Furthermore

Example: Social media is addictive. Moreover , it has been shown to cause depression.

Cause and effect

Example: Due to the large volume of requests, we are not accepting further applications at the moment.

Contrasting

Even though

Example: Pedro is very tall. However , his brother is quite short.

Conditional information

Example: We will only proceed if you sign the documents.

Showing a different opinion

On the contrary
On the other hand

Example: People think that wine is unhealthy. On the contrary , a glass or two a day can improve longevity.

Clarification

To be clear
In other words

Example: These settings will disrupt the adaptive algorithms in the logic subroutines. Simply put , it will cause the computer to stop working.

Nonetheless
Nevertheless

Concession , or conceding, means admitting you were wrong or admitting that one part of your statement was problematic.

Example: George doesn’t believe in God. Nevertheless , he cannot explain how the universe came to exist.

In a nutshell
On the whole
All things considered

Example: In this essay, we have seen the many problems related to using coal. All things considered , it is not a suitable form of energy.

Tricky linking words

Here is a list of tricky linking words. These are all words that my own students often ask me to explain.

Because/Because of

These two terms have the same meaning, but the way that we use each one is different.

Because connects two independent clauses . If we wish to ignore confusing grammar terms, this means it joins two complete sentences:

Example: The traffic was bad because it was raining.

Whereas, because of joins one complete sentence to one noun or noun phrase. (A noun phrase is simply a noun made up of more than one word.)

Example: The traffic was bad because of the rain.

More examples:

Example: George lost money because the stock market went down. Example: George lost money because of the stock market.

Conditional sentences are sentences that state a possible condition, usually with the word if , but also with words like unless .

Conditional sentences in English are quite complex. We have the first conditional, the second conditional, the third conditional and even something called the zero conditional!

Let’s look at the second conditional if sentence, the one that causes the most confusion.

Example: If I had wings, I would fly like a bird.

Immediately after the word if, we use a past tense verb… even though the sentence is not in past tense. What tense is it in? Well, that’s the tricky part. A second conditional sentence describes an imaginary situation, so we can’t really say it’s present, past or future. It’s just imaginary.

Note that we use the past tense in one part of the sentence and the modal verb would in the other. Here are some further examples:

Example: If I had a billion dollars, I would be rich. Example: George would be sad if he didn’t have any friends.

When is a pretty straightforward linking word, but it does have one quirk . What do you notice about these sentences?

Example 1: When Rafael visited, we drank root beer. Example 2: When Rafael visits, we drink root beer. Example 3: When Rafael visits, we will drink root beer.

Did you spot it? In the past tense, both sentence parts use a past tense verb. In the present tense, both sentence parts use a present tense verb. But in the future, the verb immediately following when remains in the present tense.

Incorrect : When I will go to Japan, I will visit Mount Fuji. Correct : When I visit Japan, I will visit Mount Fuji.

Why does English have such weird rules? Now that’s a good question!

My students often confuse unless and if . The meaning of unless is something similar to: if…not . This can be very confusing if you do not have a similar word in your own language.

Incorrect : I will take an umbrella unless it is raining. Correct : I will take an umbrella unless it is sunny. ( If it is not sunny)

Even though/even if

We can use even to make though or if stronger.

Be careful not to confuse these two. Even though has the same meaning as though/although , but the word ‘even’ shows that it is surprising or unexpected in some way.

Example: Even though Luigi is Italian, he doesn’t eat pasta.

Even if works the same way. The meaning is the same as if , but surprising or unexpected.

Example: Even if I had a billion dollars, I would still want more.

There are many linking words that look like you could use them to connect two parts of a sentence… but you can’t. However is the most common one.

Note the following examples:

Incorrect : I went to Mikhail’s house, however he wasn’t home. Correct : I went to Mikhail’s house. However, he wasn’t home.

We can use however to connect two ideas , but we cannot use it to join two sentence parts , like we do with but or although . We need to begin a new sentence.

Other words that are used in the same way are moreover , therefore and furthermore .

However, there is a “ workaround ”: semicolons.

Yes, I know, a semicolon is not a ‘word’, but I would like to mention it anyway.

My students often ask me what semicolons are for.

Here’s the answer. We can use a semicolon to connect any two sentences as long as the ideas in each sentence are related.

Let’s see some examples:

Incorrect : I didn’t enjoy the play it was too long. Correct : I didn’t enjoy the play; it was too long.

This is a writer’s trick. If you are not sure which linking word to use, just use a semicolon!

We can also use it to ‘correct’ sentences with however , moreover , therefore and furthermore :

Incorrect : I went to Mikhail’s house, however he wasn’t home. Correct : I went to Mikhail’s house; however, he wasn’t home.

In fact, this is a very common way to use semicolons.

Whatever/However/Whenever

When we add ‘ever’ to these words, we make them more general:

Whoever = anyone that However = any way that Whenever = anytime that Whatever = anything that Whichever = any one that Wherever = anywhere that

Here are some examples:

Example: You can come visit me whenever you want. (You can come visit me anytime that you want.)

Example: Whoever wins the contest will be rich. (Anyone who wins the contest will be rich.)

Example: You can use the information however you want. (You can use the information any way that you want.)

Again, these words are tricky because there may not be a direct translation for them in your own language. Thus, you may not think to use them when speaking English.

However, it is good to push yourself and use structures which are uncommon in your mother tongue. When you do this, you know your English is nearing an advanced level.

Improving your linking words

There are so many more linking words out there. To reach an advanced level of English, you will want to know as many as possible, and then use them in your own English. What is the best way to do this?

I have two tips that are perfect for independent learners:

1 Be curious

Every time you digest information in English, whether it is reading, watching videos or listening to podcasts, be curious. Listen out for linking words that you haven’t heard before.

When you hear a new one, write it down and see if you hear it again. After hearing it two or three times, try using it yourself.

2 Proofread

You do proofread your writing, don’t you?

Proofreading is the perfect time to go back through your text and examine the structure. Is it clear? Or should you add some linking words to help guide the reader?

Follow these tips and you will master linking words before you know it !

🌍 announcing…translations in 12 languages.

10 Activities to Improve Your English Vocabulary [Self-Study Guide #6]

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Connected Speech Aspects

First Online: 18 April 2021

Cite this chapter

Štefan Beňuš 2 , 3

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In this chapter the readers discover the speaking habits that underlie smooth linking of adjacent words together. Using real speech examples the discussion focuses on the most frequent assimilations, elisions and linking strategies that are common for English. The chapter also strengthens the awareness of speaking patterns through informal verbal descriptions of articulatory activity and its acoustic consequence present in producing short phrases. Further practical guidelines are provided for carrying out projects examining speaking behaviour with Praat.

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Sometimes, however, the linking consonants, especially linking-r might have phonetic characteristics of a coda rather than an onset consonant.

This is known as stress clash and will be discussed in Sect. 11.4 of the next chapter.

Browman, Catherine, and Louis Goldstein. 1990. Tiers in articulatory phonology with some implications for casual speech. In Papers in laboratory phonology I: Between the grammar and physics of speech , ed. John Kingston and Mary E. Beckman, 341–376. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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Guy, Gregory, and Sally Boyd. 1990. The development of a morphological class. Language Variation and Change 2: 1–18.

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Iverson, Gregory, and Kee-Ho Kim. 1987. Underspecification and hierarchical feature representation in Korean consonantal phonology. Papers from the Annual Regional Meeting, Chicago Linguistic Society 23 (2): 182–198.

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Lindblom, Bjorn. 1990. Explaning phonetic variation: A sketch of H&H theory. In Speech production and speech modeling , ed. William J. Hardcastle and Alain Marchal, 403–439. NATO Science Series D: Behavioural and Social Sciences. Dordrecht: Springer.

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How to Speak Sophisticated English using Linking Words

/ Steven Hobson / Business English , Vocabulary

A common goal for professionals with an intermediate to advanced level of English is to sound more sophisticated when participating in meetings, writing emails , or just in general conversation.

An excellent way to speak English with more sophistication is by replacing basic linking words (e.g. “but,” “and,” “because”) with advanced linking words (e.g. “in spite of,” “due to”).

Doing this will enlarge your vocabulary and improve your structure at the same time, which are the two main ways of speaking English with more sophistication.

Remember that your first and most important objective when using English should always be to communicate your message clearly.

And once you feel confident that you can express yourself in a clear way, you can then advance and start looking at ways of sounding more sophisticated and native-like .

By the end of this post, you’ll know how to sound more sophisticated by using advanced linking words. You’ll also learn three ways to improve your memory and confidence using them in real-life situations.

Quick Review: What are linking words?

A linking word is a word or phrase which links parts of a sentence, or two sentences together.

“But,” “because,” “and,” “so,” are examples of basic linking words (also called conjunctions), which we use frequently.

“However,” “although,” “therefore,” “in spite of,” “nevertheless,” are examples of advanced linking words. We use these less frequently than the basic linking words.

How to Start Using Advanced Linking Words to Sound More Sophisticated

The idea here is not to completely replace basic linking words with advanced linking words, as they form part of the foundation of the English language.

Our objective is to use advanced linking words from time to time . You only need to use them a little to sound more sophisticated.

We are going to look at three common functions when using linking words:

1. Adding ideas.

2. Explaining expected results, outcomes, and consequences.

3. Conflicting ideas.

Then I’ll demonstrate how you can replace basic linking words with advanced linking words.

Function 1: Adding ideas.

Typically we use the basic linking words “and,” “also,” and “too,” to express “adding” ideas.

You can replace these basic linking words, with the advanced linking words, “besides,” “in addition to,” “as well as,” and “furthermore.”

In this example, we look at the “adding” idea of a company acquiring two other companies.

Basic linking word examples:

Last year we acquired two companies: ABC and XYZ. Last year we acquired ABC. We also acquired XYZ. Last year we acquired the company ABC. We acquired XYZ too .

Advanced linking words examples:

Besides acquiring ABC last year, we took over XYZ. In addition to acquiring ABC last year, we took over XYZ. As well as acquiring ABC last year, we took over XYZ. Last year we acquired ABC company. Furthermore , we took over XYZ. (“Furthermore” implies that taking over XYZ was more important than acquiring ABC.)

* You can also use synonyms to add sophistication to your speech. Instead of using the verb “acquire” twice in the same sentence. I used the phrasal verb “take over” in the second sentence clause.

Function 2: Explaining expected results, outcomes, and consequences.

When we express expected results, outcomes, and consequences, we typically use the basic linking words: “because” and “so.”

You can replace these basic linking words with the advanced linking words, “as a result,” “as a consequence,” “consequently”, “due to,” and “therefore.”

In this example, I use the idea that a smaller advertising budget will result in fewer sales.

Because of our smaller advertising budget, we made fewer sales. We made fewer sales because of our smaller advertising budget. We had a smaller advertising budget, so we made fewer sales.

Advanced linking word examples:

As a resul t of the smaller advertising budget, we made fewer sales. We had a smaller advertising budget and, as a consequence , we made fewer sales. We had a smaller advertising budget. Consequently , we made fewer sales. Due to having a smaller advertising budget, we made fewer sales. We had a smaller advertising budget. Therefore, we made fewer sales.

Function 3: Conflicting ideas (explaining unexpected results/outcomes).

When we talk about two conflicting ideas in one sentence, we often use the basic linking word, “but.”

You can replace “but” with more advanced linking words: ”although,” “however,” “in spite of (the fact that),” “despite (the fact that),” “nevertheless”, and “yet,” to sound more sophisticated.

In this example, we’ll use the conflicting idea of selling fewer products, but making more profit.

Basic linking word example:

We sold fewer products but made more profit.

Although we sold fewer products, we made more profit. We sold fewer products. However , we made more profit. In spite of selling fewer products, we made more profit. In spite of the fact that we sold fewer products, we made more profit. Despite selling fewer products, we made more profit. Despite the fact that we sold fewer products, we made more profit. We sold fewer products. Nevertheless , we made more profit. We sold fewer products, yet made more profit.

3 Ways to Improve Your Memory and Confidence Using Advanced Linking words

1. Check the structure when using advanced linking words in emails and speeches for presentations with these two tools: Grammarly and Linguee .

2. Take advantage of the SRS (Spaced Repetition System) for remembering new vocabulary and language. I recommend Flashcard Deluxe , which is a flashcard app for IOS and Android. Instead of reviewing individual words (e.g. “Despite”), practice saying the whole phrase, (“Despite selling fewer products, we made more profit.”).

3. Use advanced linking words by integrating them into your business presentations, meetings and emails in English. The more you integrate them in real-life situations, the more confident you’ll feel using them.

How to Apply This Information Now

Choose one of the three functions which you think you would use the most, e.g. explaining expected results.
Select an advanced linking word (“due to”) and replace a basic one (“so”).
Go to Linguee and research “due to” so that you are clear about how to structure a sentence. Or check the form in a good grammar book.
Write some sentences with “due to” in your flashcard app or notebook and practice saying them until you feel confident.
The next time you have to talk about an expected result, use “due to.”

Although I have shown you how to use advanced linking words, it is still important to use the basic linking words, like “and,” “also” “too,” “because,” and “but,” as they are critical in day to day speech.

By using advanced linking words from time to time, you will widen your vocabulary and improve your structure, so it’s a great way to speak English with more sophistication.

Author: Steven Hobson

Steven is a business English coach, a certified life coach, writer, and entrepreneur. He helps international professionals build confidence and improve fluency speaking English in a business environment.

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Formal Linking Words / Cohesive Devices

Linking words can also be referred to as connectors, conjunctions, and cohesive devices. This webpage includes a useful lesson on helping improve students’ knowledge of these linking words. It includes a lesson plan using a kinaesthetic matching activity and worksheet.

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Speech analysis

Eine speech analysis ist eine Redeanalyse in Englisch. Hier findest du hilfreiche Tipps zum Aufbau und zum Inhalt deiner speech analysis .

Du willst dir schnell einen Überblick über das Thema verschaffen? Dann schau dir gleich unser Video an!

Was ist eine speech analysis?

How to analyse a speech, tipps und tricks , linking words.

Eine speech analysis ist eine besondere Form der Analyse in Englisch , bei der du verschiedene Aspekte einer Rede untersuchst. Meist handelt es sich dabei um eine politische Rede . Eine sogenannte political speech wird zu verschiedenen Anlässen (occasions) gehalten. Dazu gehören zum Beispiel:

Wahlkämpfe (election campaigns)
Ansprachen in Krisenzeiten (addresses in times of crisis)
Gedenkfeiern (commemorations)
Gipfeltreffen (summit meetings)
Amtseintritte (inaugural addresses)

Unabhängig vom Anlass ist das Ziel einer political speech in der Regel gleich: Der Redner will das Publikum darin von seiner Einstellung überzeugen und zu einem bestimmten Handeln auffordern.

Um die gewünschte Wirkung zu erzielen, halten sich politische Reden an einen klaren Aufbau aus Einleitung , Hauptteil und Schluss .

In deiner speech analysis arbeitest du heraus, wie der Redner in diesen drei Teilen an sein Publikum appelliert . Das heißt, du untersuchst, mit welchen sprachlichen Mitteln er seine Zuhörer anspricht und überzeugen möchte.

Speech analysis – Vorbereitung

Um eine Rede in Englisch richtig zu analysieren, solltest du dich zuerst mit den wichtigen Informationen zur Rede beschäftigen. Dafür liest du dir die Rede aufmerksam durch. Dadurch kannst du Fragen zu der Rede, also der Redesituation (context) beantworten. Dazu gehören:

speaker – Wer ist der Redner ?
occasion – Was ist der Anlass ?
time and place – Wie ist der Kontext ?
(target) audience – Wer ist das (Ziel-) Publikum ?

Häufig geben dir diese Informationen bereits einen ersten Eindruck vom Thema und vom Ziel der Rede.

Speech analysis – Einleitung

In der Einleitung (introduction) deiner speech analysis benennst du die Redesituation und das Thema der Rede. Dafür erklärst du, mit welchem Problem oder mit welcher Frage sich die Rede hauptsächlich beschäftigt. Einen Hinweis darauf liefert dir in der Regel der Titel . Aber auch Schlüsselwörter und Wiederholungen geben darüber Aufschluss.

Wenn du dir über das Thema im Klaren bist, schreibst du deinen Einleitungssatz. Der könnte zum Beispiel so aussehen:

Speech analysis – Beispiel: In his “ Victory Speech , “ given on election night on 6 November 2012 in Washington, D.C. , Barack Obama addresses the American people with one important message : They need to move forward!

Die englische Übersetzung von „eine Rede halten“ lautet to give a speech und nicht to hold a speech !

Speech analysis – Hauptteil

Der Hauptteil einer Rede in Englisch wird als argumentation bezeichnet. Darin beschäftigt sich der Redner (speaker) ausführlich mit dem Thema seiner Rede.

Im Hauptteil (body) deiner speech analysis untersuchst du, wie der Redner dabei vorgeht. Dafür fasst du zunächst den Inhalt der Rede in einer kurzen Summary zusammen. Danach untersuchst du die Argumentationsstruktur und die Sprache der Rede. Außerdem machst du deutlich, wie der Redner Kontakt zu seinem Publikum herstellt.

Argumentationsstruktur

Indem du die Argumentationsstruktur der Rede analysierst, kannst du die Intention, also die Absicht des Redners, herausarbeiten. Dabei untersuchst du, wie er seine Argumente präsentiert. An seiner These (thesis) und seinen Argumenten (arguments) kannst du zum Beispiel ablesen, ob

der Redner seine Beliebtheit steigern möchte,
er über etwas aufklären möchte,
er seriös – also mit von Fakten und Expertenmeinungen – argumentiert
oder ob er unseriös – also mit Gefühlen und Vorurteilen – argumentiert.

Sprachliche Analyse

Noch wichtiger als die Argumentationsstruktur ist die Sprache , die ein Redner in seiner speech verwendet. Die sprachliche Gestaltung in einer politischen Rede ist häufig sehr subjektiv und anschaulich. Das erreicht ein Redner durch rhetorische Mittel wie Metaphern (metaphors) , Vergleiche (comparisons) oder Wiederholungen (repetitions) .

Speech analysis – Beispiel: Using the climax “ to keep reaching, to keep working, to keep fighting, “ Obama emphasises the American Dream.

Es spielt auch eine Rolle, ob der Redner formelle Sprache (formal language) oder eher Umgangssprache (colloquial language) verwendet. Dadurch kann er sich seinem Publikum gezielt anpassen.

Wenn du die Möglichkeit hast, solltest du dir zusätzlich eine Videoübertragung der Rede ansehen. Dadurch kannst du auch den Tonfall (intonation) und die Betonung (stress) des Redners in deine speech analysis miteinbeziehen. Dasselbe gilt für seine Gestik (gestures) und Mimik (facial expression) .

Kontakt zum Publikum

In einer politischen Rede versucht der Redner meist, das Publikum direkt anzusprechen. Dafür benutzt er Personalpronomen wie we und us (inclusive pronouns). So stellt er einen engen Kontakt zum Publikum her und gewinnt Einfluss auf seine Zuhörer.

Speech analysis – Beispiel: In his speech, Obama uses a lot of inclusive pronouns. For example, when he says: “ … we know in our hearts that for the United States of America the best is yet to come. “

Speech analysis – Schluss

Im Schluss fasst du die wichtigsten Ergebnisse deiner speech analysis knapp zusammen. In einem Fazit hebst du anschließend die Intention des Redners hervor. Du hältst also fest, was die Absicht des Redners ist und ob seine Rede die gewünschte Wirkung erzielt.

Speech analysis – Beispiel: By describing a hopeful future for the United States, Obama creates confidence in the minds of the American people and encourages them to work hard to achieve their dreams.

Um deine Redeanalyse in Englisch noch besser zu machen, kannst du die vorliegende Rede auch auf bestimmte Methoden der Beeinflussung untersuchen. Diese verwenden Redner gezielt, um auf ihr Publikum einzuwirken.

Um seine eigene Position aufzuwerten , stellt der Redner seine Meinung als den Standpunkt einer ganzen Gesellschaft dar. Dadurch erzeugt er ein Wir-Gefühl unter seinen Zuhörern.
Ein Redner kann seine eigene Position auch aufwerten, indem er einen gegnerischen Standpunkt abwertet . Dabei weist er auf Fehler oder Unstimmigkeiten in der Argumentation eines Gegners hin.
Indem der Redner einen Aspekt dramatisiert , beeinflusst er die Gefühle seines Publikums. So kann er Ängste schüren und dadurch seine Zuhörer zum Handeln aufrufen.
Umgekehrt kann der Redner sein Publikum aber auch beschwichtigen . Dafür fokussiert er Erfolge und schwächt Misserfolge ab.

Um deine Analyseteile sinnvoll miteinander zu verbinden, verwendest du am besten linking words . Schau dir gleich unser Video dazu an!

Beliebte Inhalte aus dem Bereich Textarten Englisch

Englisch Brief schreiben Dauer: 04:08
Letter to the editor Dauer: 03:53
Letter of application Dauer: 04:41

Weitere Inhalte: Textarten Englisch

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Linking Words, Connecting Words: Full List and Useful Examples • 7ESL
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COMMENTS

Transition Words & Phrases
Transition words and phrases (also called linking words, connecting words, or transitional words) are used to link together different ideas in your text. They help the reader to follow your arguments by expressing the relationships between different sentences or parts of a sentence. Transition words example
PDF transitional words and phrases
These transitional words (like finally) have the function of limiting, restricting, and defining time. They can be used either alone or as part of adverbial expressions. at the present time. from time to time. sooner or later. at the same time. up to the present time. to begin with.
Linking Words
Linking Words Summary. A linking word is a term that connects different ideas in your text, whether they are contrasting, supporting, or adding. They can improve your writing and help it flow better, I promise! Regardless of the style of writing, every piece of writing contains linking words to show perfect transitions.
Speech transitions: words and phrases to connect your ideas
Speech transitions: words and phrases to connect your ideas. When delivering presentations it's important for your words and ideas to flow so your audience can understand how everything links together and why it's all relevant. This can be done using speech transitions because these act as signposts to the audience - signalling the ...
How to Use Linking Words in English
There are a few specific rules when using these linking words in writing. When it connects two ideas/thoughts in a sentence, we use a semicolon before it and a comma after it. Ex. "My daughter broke her arm while climbing a tree; consequently, she won't be to write her homework for school for the next few weeks.".
Mastering Linking Words: A Comprehensive Guide With Examples For
The following linking words assist in drawing parallels and highlighting similarities, facilitating a smoother comparison between different ideas or entities. Similarly - Likewise -In the same way - Just as - Like - Similarly (to) -In comparison - By comparison - Compared to - In a similar fashion - In a similar vein.
Linking Words for Smooth Transitions When Speaking English
Before we focus on the first way to use linking words, let's look at all the ways linking words can help you with smooth transitions: Linking words: Create a logical flow between ideas; Compare, contrast, add on, agree, or refute; Maintain cohesion; Act as signposts to guide listeners through each idea;
How to Sound More Natural: By Linking Words
Linking ing + Vowel. Be careful not to skip the /g/ sound when linking the ing ending of a word to the vowel sound of the following word. For example, "going on" should not be pronounced as "goin' on" in standard English. Be sure to create a quick nasal "ng" /ŋ/sound by touching the back of your mouth with the back of your tongue.
Linking Words
Linking & Connecting Words. It is essential to understand how Linking Words, as a part of speech, can be used to combine ideas in writing - and thus ensure that ideas within sentences and paragraphs are elegantly connected - for the benefit of the reader.This will help to improve your writing (e.g. essay, comment, summary (scientific) review, (research) paper, letter, abstract, report, thesis ...
Linking/transition words
Linking/Transition Words. Transitions link one main idea to another separated by a semi-colon or full-stop. When the transition word is at the beginning of the sentence, it should be followed by a comma: Among other functions, they can signal cause and effect or sequencing (see examples in the table below). Additional comments or ideas.
Linking Words in American English: Unlocking Fluent Communication
When words effortlessly flow into one another, your speech becomes more natural, like that of a native speaker. 2️⃣ Consonant-to-Vowel Linking: One of the common linking techniques involves connecting a consonant at the end of one word to a vowel at the beginning of the next. For example, saying "I like apples" smoothly can make it ...
Transitional Words and Phrases
Transitional words and phrases can create powerful links between ideas in your paper and can help your reader understand the logic of your paper. However, these words all have different meanings, nuances, and connotations. Before using a particular transitional word in your paper, be sure you understand its meaning and usage completely and be sure…
Mastering The Art of Linking Words for IELTS Speaking: A Comprehensive
While linking words play an essential role in improving coherence, candidates must exercise caution to avoid common mistakes. Here are a few frequently encountered errors and tips to avoid them: Overusing linking words: It is essential to use linking words judiciously. Overusing them may disrupt the natural flow and coherence of speech.
Linking Words in English: What Are They and Why Do They Matter?
In short, they connect ideas together. We use them in both writing and speaking, but they are most important in writing because they provide structure to your paragraphs. Linking words can connect two parts of one sentence. They go at the beginning of a sentence or in between the two parts: Example 1: Although it was summer, George was wearing ...
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in the final analysis in summary usually all things considered in conclusion by and large as shown above in short to sum up in the long run in brief on the whole given these points in essence in any event as has been noted to summarize in either case ... Linking words, Connectin Words, Conjunctions, Transitions
PDF Using linking devices
the words and phrases in bold have in common (all linking devices). Activity 2: Identifying the use of linking devices Material: Worksheet 2 Time: 20-30 minutes Procedure: • make a copy of worksheet 2 for each student. • put students into pairs or small groups. • tell students to look at each word or phrase in bold on worksheet 1 and put it
Connected Speech Aspects
Abstract. In this chapter the readers discover the speaking habits that underlie smooth linking of adjacent words together. Using real speech examples the discussion focuses on the most frequent assimilations, elisions and linking strategies that are common for English. The chapter also strengthens the awareness of speaking patterns through ...
Sound more FLUENT and NATURAL with LINKING: How to Connect Words in
2) Linking patterns are based on what type of sound one word ends with and the type of sound the next word begins with. There are 3 different linking patterns: 1) consonant to vowel 2) vowel to vowel and 3) consonant to consonant. 3) The stop consonants (/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/ and /g/) are often held by native speakers in connected speech.
Effectively use linking words for speaking English with more
An excellent way to speak English with more sophistication is by replacing basic linking words (e.g. "but," "and," "because") with advanced linking words (e.g. "in spite of," "due to"). Doing this will enlarge your vocabulary and improve your structure at the same time, which are the two main ways of speaking English with ...
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Linking: Cohesion & Coherence Worksheet. This worksheet helps to consolidate what is 'cohesion' with a focus on pronouns, word forms and summary nouns. It also includes a coherence sheet on key connections and two practice activities. Example Level: ***** [B2/C1] / Webpage Link / TEACHER MEMBERSHIP / INSTITUTIONAL MEMBERSHIP.
Speech analysis • Eine Redeanalyse in Englisch schreiben
In der Einleitung (introduction) deiner speech analysis benennst du die Redesituation und das Thema der Rede. Dafür erklärst du, mit welchem Problem oder mit welcher Frage sich die Rede hauptsächlich beschäftigt. Einen Hinweis darauf liefert dir in der Regel der Titel. Aber auch Schlüsselwörter und Wiederholungen geben darüber Aufschluss.

Linking Words – Full List, Examples & Worksheet

What Are Linking Words?

List of Transition Words

Agreement/Addition/Similarity

Negative Ideas

Opposition/Limitation/Contradiction

Cause/Condition/Purpose

Examples/Support/Emphasis

Effect/Consequence/Result

Conclusion/Summary/Restatement

Time/Chronology/Sequence

Space/Location/Place

Common Mistakes With Transition Words

Starting a Sentence With So, And, and Also

Combination of Transition Words And/Or

Using As Well As as Alternative to And

Archaic Words

Linking Words Summary

Speech transitions: words and phrases to connect your ideas

What are speech transitions?

Types of transitions

Introduction

Presentation outline

Move from the introduction to the first point

Shift between similar points

Shift between disagreeing points

Transition to a significant issue

Referring to previous points

Introducing an aside note

Physical movement

Emphasising importance

Internal summaries

Cause and effect

Elaboration

Point-by-point or steps of a process

Introduce an example

Transition to a demonstration

Introducing a quotation

Transition to another speaker

Using questions

Transition to a visual aid

Using a visual aid to transition

And then conclude:

Call to action

Common mistakes

Linking Words (Transitional Expressions)

Table of Contents

What Are Linking Words?

Why Are Linking Words Important?

Examples Of Linking Words In English

1. Expressing addition

2. Expressing contrast

3. Expressing cause and effect

4. Expressing purpose

5. Illustrating or Exemplifying

6. Time and Sequencing

7. Re-phrasing

8. Introducing Alternatives

9. Comparing

10. Ananalyzing

11. Summarizing

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8 Ways to Use Linking Words for Smooth Transitions When Speaking English

Put Them Where They Belong

Use #1: To Reiterate Or Repeat

Use #2: To Create A Sequence

Use #3: To Express Conditions

Use #4: To Support Or Illustrate

Use #5: To Compare and Contrast

Use #6: To Add On & Expand

Use #7: To Emphasize Or Draw Attention

Use #8: Summarize Or Conclude

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