infectious disease case study examples

• Earn HPCSA and SACNASP CPD Points
• I have spots and my skin burns
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• A case of fever and general malaise
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• A case of swollen hands
• An unusual cause of fulminant hepatitis
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• Case of sudden onset of fever, rash and neck pain
• Doctor, my sister is confused
• Eight month old boy with recurrent infections
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• Failure to thrive despite appropriate treatment
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• The case of a floppy infant
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• A 10 year old girl with a hard palate defect
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• Keep up while the storm is raging
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• Weakness, myalgia, night sweats and sore throat
• Sudden onset of fever, fatigue, myalgia, and headache
• Fireworks of autoimmunity from birth
• My hands swell and are painful
• My eyes cross at twilight
• A case of a 3 month old infant with bloody urine and stools
• A case of scaly annular plaques
• Case of eye injury and decreased vision
• My head hurts and I cannot speak?
• TB or not TB: a confusing case
• A 7 year old with severe muscle weakness and difficulty walking
• Why can I not walk today?
• 14 year old with severe hip pain
• A 9 year old girl presents with body swelling, shortness of breath and backache
• A sudden turn of events after successful therapy
• Declining CD4 count, despite viral suppression?
• Defaulted treatment
• 25 year old female presents with persistent flu-like symptoms
• A case of persistent bloody diarrhoea
• I’ve been coughing for so long
• A case of acute fever, rash and vomiting
• Adverse event following routine vaccination
• A case of cough, wasting and lymphadenopathy
• A case of lymphadenopathy and night sweats
• Case of enlarged hard tongue
• A high risk pregnancy
• A four year old with immunodeficiency
• Young girl with recurrent history of mycobacterial disease
• Immunodeficiency and failure to thrive
• Case of recurrent infections
• An 8 year old boy with recurrent respiratory infections
• 4 year old boy with recurrent bacterial infections
• Is this treatment failure or malnutrition
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• Breaking Tolerance: Autoimmunity & Dysregulation
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• Cancer Epidemiology and Aetiology
• Pathogens and Cancer
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• Introduction to Immuno-Brazil
• 1. Systems Vaccinology
• 2. Vaccine Development
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• 4. DNA Vaccines
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• 6. Vaccines for Neurodegenerative Diseases
• Introduction to Immuno-Gambia
• Immuno-Gambia Photos
• 1. Infant Immunity and Vaccines
• 2. Dendritic Cells
• 3. Conventional T Cells
• 4. gamma/delta T Cells
• 5. Immunity to Viral Infections
• 6. Immunity to Helminth Infections
• 7. Immunity to TB
• 8. Immunity to Malaria
• 9. Flow Cytometry
• Introduction to Immuno-South Africa
• 1. Introduction to Immunization Strategies
• 2. Immune Responses to Vaccination
• 3. Models for Testing Vaccines
• 4. Immune Escape
• 5. Grant Writing
• Introduction to Immuno-Ethiopia
• 1. Neutrophils
• 3. Exosomes
• 5. Immunity to Leishmania
• 6. Immunity to HIV
• 7. Immunity to Helminth Infections
• 8. Immunity to TB
• 9. Grant Writing
• Introduction to ONCOIMMUNOLOGY-MEXICO
• ONCOIMMUNOLOGY-MEXICO Photos
• 1. Cancer Epidemiology and Etiology
• 2. T lymphocyte mediated immunity
• 3. Immune Responses to Cancer
• 4. Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor-initiating cells.
• 5. Tumor Microenvironment
• 6. Pathogens and Cancer
• 7. Cancer Immunotherapy
• 8. Flow cytometry approaches in cancer
• Introduction to the Immunology Course
• Immuno-Tunisia Photo
• 1. Overview of the Immune System
• 2. Role of cytokines in Immunity
• 3. Tolerance and autoimmunity
• 4. Genetics, Epigenetics and immunoregulation
• 5. Microbes and immunoregulation
• 6. Inflammation and autoinflammation
• 7. T cell mediated autoimmune diseases
• 8. Antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases
• Introduction to the Immunology Symposium
• Immuno-South Africa Photo
• 1. Antibody Generation by B cells
• 2. Mucosal Immunity
• 3. Immunity to TB
• 4. Immunity to Malaria
• 5. Immunity to HIV
• 6. Defining a Biomarker
• 7. Grant Writing Exercise
• Immuno-Colombia Photo
• 1. Overview of Complement
• 2. Transplantation
• 3. Immune Regulation in Pregnancy
• 4. Breaking Tolerance: Autoimmunity & Dysregulation
• 5. Mucosal Immunity & Immunopathology
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• Overview of T Cell Subsets
• B Cell Activation and Plasma Cell Differentiation
• Antibody Structure and Classes
• Cellular Immunity and Immunological Memory
• Infectious Diseases Immunology
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• 6. B Cell Activation and Plasma Cell Differentiation
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Below are a few examples of the fantastic cases and case presentations our first-year fellows are engaged with:

October 3, 2023.

Case 1: An 8-year old boy with fever and maculopapular rash Case 2: A 67-year-old woman with one week of fevers, abdominal pain, and diarrhea

September 12, 2023

Case 1: A 37-year-old man with painful neck swelling Case 2: A 44-year-old woman with Crohn’s disease and acute-onset fever, headache, and myalgia

September 27, 2022

Case 1: “Forging Ahead” Case 2: An 82-year-old diabetic man with 6 weeks of lower extremity pain

September 21, 2022

Case 1: “Mimikers” Case 2: A MISCdirection

September 13, 2022

Case 1: “Eye Heart ID” Case 2: A patient with rheumatoid arthritis, fever, and altered mental status.

October 20, 2020

Case 1: A seventeen-month-old girl who refuses to walk. Case 2: A fifteen-year-old boy with aplastic anemia, neutropenia, and a necrotic nasopharyngeal mass.

September 22, 2020

Case 1:  A 33 year old woman with a shoulder mass Case 2:  A 58 year old man with AML and subcutaneous nodules

September 15, 2020

Case 1:  A 5 year old boy with new onset intractable seizures  Case 2:  A 28 year old man with HIV and diffuse large B cell lymphoma, who presents with a new headache and gait imbalance.

September 8, 2020

Part One:  A man with lung cancer and a brain lesion; a woman with an acute severe headache Part Two:  A woman with an acute headache

August 4, 2020

Case 1:  A 7 year old girl with new onset seizures Case 2:  A 67 year old man with AML and nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

August 11, 2020

Case 1:   A man with AIDS, subacute pancytopenia, several weeks of weight loss, and one week of fevers Case 2: A man with one year of weakness, fatigue, and skin lesions found to have brisk hypercalcemia

July 28, 2020

A 30 year old man with headaches, transient right hand weakness/numbness, and world finding difficulty

June 30, 2020

Case 1:  A man with 4 days of progressive headache culminating in septic shock Case 2:  A man with progressive neurologic dysfunction and nodular spinal cord enhancement

June 16, 2020

Case 1:  A 77 year old man from South America with chronic diarrhea Case 2:  A 4 year old boy with neck stiffness

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Volume 16, Number 1—January 2010

Books and Media

Case studies in infectious disease.

Cite This Article

The authors have assembled a collection of case studies about the 40 infectious diseases that cause the most illness and death worldwide. Each chapter begins with a brief case presentation. This example is followed by a section on microbiologic aspects of the organism, including the pathophysiology of infection. The host response is then described, followed by a discussion of clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment options, including prevention. A summary highlights salient points of each section. References, suggestions for further reading, and websites for additional information are all provided. Chapters conclude with a series of questions (answers are given at the end of the book).

The book is meant for use by medical students in a microbiology course, but it can also be used by any clinician who wants a concise review of the pathogens that cause infectious diseases. The case presentations are short and not presented as conditions having an unknown cause, but they rather serve as a clinical starting point to open discussion. The microbiology sections are geared more toward the student in a microbiology course and tend to have more details than are needed by a practicing clinician. The sections on patient symptoms are generally quite good and are inclusive. The varied clinical manifestations, particularly of the tropical diseases, are presented in an easy-to-understand format. The level of detail given provides a thorough yet succinct picture of each disease. The sections on diagnosis are generally inclusive, although a few did not mention some available diagnostic options used in the United States; this may have been due to differences in the availability of some tests in the United Kingdom, where many of the authors are based. The treatment sections tend to be abbreviated and frequently do not include the length of therapy and some other details that a practicing clinician would want to know. For those needing specific therapy guidelines, another source will be necessary.

The summary sections are quite good and are an excellent quick reference source if one wants just the highlights and a brief summary about the pathogen and disease. The questions at the end tend to be multiple choice with several possible correct answers for each one; they are not structured to prepare for testing purposes (such as for a board review). The websites are helpful sources for downloadable slides as well as for further information if more details are wanted.

The only chapter that was confusing was that on coxsackie viruses. The authors kept referring to other enteroviruses. The chapter could benefit from either fewer references to other enteroviruses or renaming it to be a section on enteroviruses in general.

Case Studies in Infectious Diseases is a valuable compilation of information on the most common diseases that cause illness and death worldwide. The presentation format with distinct sections makes it readable and well suited for either students just learning about the pathogens causing infectious disease or clinicians who need an update. The level of detail is well thought out and gives the reader a useful summary of each pathogen and disease state. The condensed presentations make it a good reference source for those with insufficient time to read through more detailed textbooks.

DOI: 10.3201/eid1601.091254

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Table of Contents – Volume 16, Number 1—January 2010

Please use the form below to submit correspondence to the authors or contact them at the following address:

Philip S. Brachman, Jr, Atlanta ID Group, Piedmont Hospital, 2001 Peachtree Rd, Ste 640, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA

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Case Studies in Infectious Disease

Peter M. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, John Holton, William L. Irving, Nino Porakishvili, Pradhib Venkatesan, Katherine N. Ward   Garland Science, New York,  NY, USA,  2010 ISBN:  978-0-8153-4142-0  Pages: 608; Price:  US $50.00.

The authors have assembled a collection of case studies about the 40 infectious diseases that cause the most illness and death worldwide. Each chapter begins with a brief case presentation. This example is followed by a section on microbiologic aspects of the organism, including the pathophysiology of infection. The host response is then described, followed by a discussion of clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment options, including prevention. A summary highlights salient points of each section. References, suggestions for further reading, and websites for additional information are all provided. Chapters conclude with a series of questions (answers are given at the end of the book).

The book is meant for use by medical students in a microbiology course, but it can also be used by any clinician who wants a concise review of the pathogens that cause infectious diseases. The case presentations are short and not presented as conditions having an unknown cause, but they rather serve as a clinical starting point to open discussion. The microbiology sections are geared more toward the student in a microbiology course and tend to have more details than are needed by a practicing clinician. The sections on patient symptoms are generally quite good and are inclusive. The varied clinical manifestations, particularly of the tropical diseases, are presented in an easy-to-understand format. The level of detail given provides a thorough yet succinct picture of each disease. The sections on diagnosis are generally inclusive, although a few did not mention some available diagnostic options used in the United States; this may have been due to differences in the availability of some tests in the United Kingdom, where many of the authors are based. The treatment sections tend to be abbreviated and frequently do not include the length of therapy and some other details that a practicing clinician would want to know. For those needing specific therapy guidelines, another source will be necessary.

The summary sections are quite good and are an excellent quick reference source if one wants just the highlights and a brief summary about the pathogen and disease. The questions at the end tend to be multiple choice with several possible correct answers for each one; they are not structured to prepare for testing purposes (such as for a board review). The websites are helpful sources for downloadable slides as well as for further information if more details are wanted.

The only chapter that was confusing was that on coxsackie viruses. The authors kept referring to other enteroviruses. The chapter could benefit from either fewer references to other enteroviruses or renaming it to be a section on enteroviruses in general.

Case Studies in Infectious Diseases is a valuable compilation of information on the most common diseases that cause illness and death worldwide. The presentation format with distinct sections makes it readable and well suited for either students just learning about the pathogens causing infectious disease or clinicians who need an update. The level of detail is well thought out and gives the reader a useful summary of each pathogen and disease state. The condensed presentations make it a good reference source for those with insufficient time to read through more detailed textbooks.

Suggested citation for this article : Brachman PS Jr. Case studies in infectious disease [book review]. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet] 2010 Jan [ date cited ]. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/16/1/172a.htm

2nd Edition

Case Studies in Infectious Disease

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Description

Case Studies in Infectious Disease presents 40 case studies featuring the most important human infectious diseases worldwide. Fully revised and updated in this second edition, the book describes the natural history of infection from point of entry of the pathogen through to clinical management of the resulting disease or condition. A further 8 case studies have been provided online as supplementary material, and these can be downloaded by students. Five core sets of questions are posed in each case, with the answers covering the nature of the infectious agent, route(s) of spread and of infection, pathogenesis of disease, host response to infection, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. This standardized approach provides the reader with a logical basis for understanding these diverse and medically important organisms and diseases, fully integrating microbiology and immunology throughout. KEY FEATURES High-resolution photos accompany each case, from the causative agents of disease to the clinical manifestations of the infection. Exquisite artwork helps to illustrate important concepts throughout the book. Eight new cases added to this new edition, extending coverage of important infectious diseases of worldwide significance. A standardized set of core questions allows students to compare directly differences between microbes such as their structure, clinical manifestations, host response, pathogenesis and availability of vaccines. Questions and answers available online, test the reader’s understanding of each case study. The book provides essential case-based learning for undergraduate and graduate microbiology students, while medical students and trainee physicians will also find the up-to-date information on 48 globally important infectious diseases outlined in a clear, digestible form, invaluable during undergraduate studies and in future clinical practice.

Table of Contents

Peter M Lydyard , Emeritus Professor of Immunology, University College Medical School, London, UK, Honorary Professor of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK and Professor of Immunology, University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia. Michael F Cole , Emeritus Professor of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Washington DC. USA. John Holton , Dept of Natural Sciences University of Middlesex London UK and Department of Pathology Darrent Valley Hospital Dartford UK. William L Irving , Professor and Honorary Consultant in Virology, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust. Nina Porakishvili , Principal Lecturer in Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK. Dr Pradhib Venkatesan , Consultant in Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nottingham University Hospitals City Campus, Nottingham. UK. Katherine N Ward , Honorary Professor, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.

Critics' Reviews

"a handsome, excellent book on most common pathogens, with a clear orientation to immunology, physiopathology, and microbiology … It reads well and is an excellent textbook for medical students and a good source of illustrations, tables, and question ideas for teachers." Gary P. Wormser and Guillaume Béraud for Clinical Infectious Diseases. "a valuable compilation of information on the most common diseases that cause illness and death worldwide. The presentation format with distinct sections makes it readable and well suited for either students just learning about the pathogens causing infectious disease or clinicians who need an update. The level of detail is well thought out and gives the reader a useful summary of each pathogen and disease state. The condensed presentations make it a good reference source for those with insufficient time to read through more detailed textbooks." Philip S. Brachman for Emerging Infectious Disease.

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Case Studies

Case study 1: what is this mysterious disease.

This case study examines the earliest reports of what we now know were AIDS cases. The medical community was perplexed and the public was scared because the cause of this disease and mode of transmission were not understood. Students will use the data provided to think about how scientists can look for meaningful patterns in data and how they practice formulating a scientific question — that is, one that can be answered through experiment or observation.

Many unresolved questions remain at the end of the lesson, illustrating the iterative nature of science and how science is not a list of facts to memorize but a process of discovery. The concepts presented here align well with those presented in  ID Unit 1 .

Download Case Study 1 here .

Case Study 2 — Do bacteria cause stomach ulcers? Applying Koch’s postulates

This study grapples with the problem of arriving at causation from correlation with respect to infectious disease. First, students will discuss their stomach ulcer homework, and they will compare their predictions to real life excess-acid experiments in people. This is a key point because the results support the hypothesis; however, they do not prove causation. Next, students will design experiments that predict results for experiments to test the hypothesis that stomach ulcers are caused by an infectious agent. Students will then consider the implications of not being able to fulfill all of Koch’s postulates with Helicobacter pylori.

Download Case Study 2 here .

Case Study 3 — Where did HIV come from? Tracing the origin of disease

Prior to 1980, there were no reports of AIDS in the medical literature, but by 1987 the World Health Organization reported that an estimated 5-10 million people were living with HIV worldwide. The rapid emergence of this disease was indication that it might have “jumped” from an animal host. This is similar to flu viruses that are thought to have originated in birds. Most human viral diseases do originate in animals. In this case study, students develop a hypothesis and make predictions. Throughout the lesson, students will analyze and interpret a variety of data. The accumulation of results helps to support the hypothesis that HIV originated from a chimp virus.

Download Case Study 3 here .

Case Study 4 — Antibiotic resistance

In this study, students synthesize information from different studies to arrive at a model to explain how human antibiotic resistant infections may be linked to antibiotic use on farms. Importantly, the evidence does not prove causation, but conveys to students how an accumulation of evidence compels us to adopt a particular model. The concept of selective pressure is reviewed.

Download Case Study 4 here .

Case Study 5 — How would you know if you were infected with HIV?

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimates that 1 in 4 new HIV infections is among youth ages 13-24, yet most do not know they are infected. In this case study, students engage in data analysis and interpretation to demonstrate that symptoms of initial HIV infection can go unrecognized for years. Classical symptoms of AIDS may only become apparent years after the initial HIV infection. Meanwhile, the infected individual could be infecting others. Students learn what behaviors are associated with high risk of infection and the importance of getting tested if they engage in these high-risk behaviors.

Download Case Study 5 here .

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25:  Syphilis

Trent G. Towne

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Patient presentation.

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Chief Complaint

“I think I am allergic to something.”

History of Present Illness

JS is a 27-year-old man who presents to a free health clinic at the county hospital. He states he was in his usual state of health until about 3 days ago when he began developing a rash on his stomach that is now on the palms of his hands and soles of his feet. The rash is not painful or itchy. He states that he had this strange little “ulcer-like” thing on his penis a couple weeks ago but it went away and never really hurt. He is single and sexually active with two to three concurrent male partners. He has had unprotected sex with “at least one of his partners” in the past couple of weeks. He doesn’t know the sexual histories of his current or past sexual partners, and admits to over 15 lifetime partners. He endorses rectal and oral sex. He doesn’t ever recall being tested for HIV, and knows he received all his childhood vaccines, “cause my mom told me.” He has never been vaccinated against HPV stating, “that’s a woman’s disease,” and is unsure if he ever has received a hepatitis A vaccine.

Past Medical History

Surgical history, family history.

Father had HTN and passed away from a stroke 4 years ago; mother is still living and has type 2 DM

Social History

MSM with multiple sexual partners; (+) EtOH, (–) Tobacco, (+) Marijuana, (–) Illicit drugs

Home Medications

Ibuprofen 200 mg PO PRN pain (has taken 4 doses in the last day)

Physical Examination

Vital signs.

Temp 101°F, P 72, RR 16 breaths per minute, BP 141/85 mm Hg, pO 2 94%, Ht 5′7″, Wt 60 kg

NAD, awake, alert, slightly underweight man

Diffuse mucocutaneous rash noted on abdomen, back, upper extremities (including palms of hands) and soles of feet; macules are easy to blanch and are not associated with any area of fluctuance

PERRLA; EOMI; mucous membranes are moist and neck is supple without any evidence of lymphadenopathy

Clear auscultation with no wheezing or rhonci

Cardiovascular

NSR; no m/r/g

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2020 DPDx Case Studies

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005

56-year-old Korean immigrant sought medical attention for non-specific abdominal pain and mild, intermittent diarrhea.

A 42-year-old State Park employee sought medical care due to fatigue, insomnia, intermittent bloating, and mild anemia.

A 45-year-old male who recently returned from a trip overseas to Korea presented to his primary care clinic for an annual checkup at a clinic in the United States.

During a field study in Cambodia, stool ova and parasite (O&P) examinations were performed on participants in rural villages. Unusual eggs were found in the formalin-ethyl acetate concentrated stool specimen of one middle-aged woman.

A 53-year-old woman from Florida presented to a dermatology clinic with a raised, itchy, red rash on her torso that persisted over the past six months and did not respond to topical treatments.

A 25-year-old man with fever and myalgia presented to an urgent care clinic in Pennsylvania, and no travel history was obtained at that time.

As part of a refugee screening program, a young child had a fecal ova and parasite (O & P) examination which included a formalin-ethyl acetate (FEA) fecal concentration.

At a regional diagnostic laboratory, where specimens from the southeastern United States are evaluated, the objects shown in Figures A and B were observed on a wet mount preparation from a fecal formalin-ethyl acetate (FEA) concentrate.

In Singapore, a 54-year-old man with an extensive travel history to Vietnam, Thailand, and France presented to a clinic with prolonged fever, urticarial rash, and muscle aches.

A 67-year-old male from Houston, TX sought medical evaluation following 3 days of abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fatigue after returning from a two-week summer vacation in Nairobi, Kenya.

An 18-year-old male living in India presented with recurrent periumbilical abdominal pain for one week. Other symptoms included mild anemia and eosinophilic leukocytosis.

A 24-year-old man from Thailand presented to his healthcare provider with complaints of gastrointestinal pain and weight loss. He also reported seeing thin worms in his stool on rare occasion.

A group of college students traveled to Brazil on a rafting and camping trip for two weeks. Malaria prophylaxis was highly recommended however one student declined.

A 58 year-old-man from Peru visiting relatives in the United States was killed in a traffic accident. An autopsy revealed cysts in his liver of which a few were excised and sent to pathology for identification.

A 4-year-old boy went for a routine medical examination with his parents after they returned from a one-year sabbatical, studying primates in their natural habitat in central Africa.

A 24-year-old female exchange student from Guinea reported to the clinic with headaches, itchy skin, and enlarged lymph nodes.

A 60-year-old non-smoking male patient presented to his primary care physician with a chronic cough and shortness of breath. He reported no recent travel outside of the Southern United States.

A 29-year-old female patient presented to her primary care physician reporting a 15-day history of whitish, vaginal discharge associated with itching.

A 3-year-old boy was seen by a pediatrician for gastrointestinal pain and watery diarrhea. His parents conveyed that he has a propensity for putting insects in his mouth and sometimes eating them.

A 29-year-old man sought medical attention with his health care provider with a complaint of itchy maculopapular rash on several areas of his body.

A 63-year-old man returned from visiting with family in Nigeria. He developed fever, chills and a mild headache three days before presenting to the clinic.

A 69-year-old male patient from a rural town in Georgia experiencing symptoms of productive cough with blood, hematochezia (rectal bleeding) and chest pain sought medical attention at the county health clinic.

DPDx is an educational resource designed for health professionals and laboratory scientists. For an overview including prevention, control, and treatment visit www.cdc.gov/parasites/ .

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Case Studies in Infectious Disease

DOI link for Case Studies in Infectious Disease

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Case Studies in Infectious Disease presents forty case studies featuring the most important human infectious diseases worldwide. Written for students of microbiology and medicine this book describes the natural history of infection from point of entry of the pathogen through pathogenesis, followed by clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment.

Five core sets of questions are posed in each case.  What is the nature of the infectious agent, how does it gain access to the body, what cells are infected, and how does the organism spread?  What are the host defense mechanisms against the agent and how is the disease caused?  What are the typical manifestations of the infection and the complications that can occur?  How is the infection diagnosed and what is the differential diagnosis?  How is the infection managed, and what preventative measures can be taken to avoid infection?

This standardized approach provides the reader with a logical basis for understanding these diverse and medically important organisms, fully integrating microbiology and immunology throughout.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter case 1 | 18  pages, aspergillus fumigatus, chapter case 2 | 14  pages, borrelia burgdorferi and related species, chapter case 3 | 8  pages, campylobacter jejuni, chapter case 4 | 21  pages, chlamydia trachomatis, chapter case 5 | 10  pages, clostridium difficile, chapter case 6 | 25  pages, coxiella burnetii, chapter case 7 | 8  pages, coxsackie b virus, chapter case 8 | 8  pages, echinococcus spp., chapter case 9 | 13  pages, epstein-barr virus, chapter case 10 | 10  pages, escherichia coli, chapter case 11 | 10  pages, giardia lamblia, chapter case 12 | 12  pages, helicobacter pylori, chapter case 13 | 15  pages, hepatitis b virus, chapter case 14 | 10  pages, herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1), chapter case 15 | 9  pages, herpes simplex virus 2 (hsv-2), chapter case 16 | 20  pages, histoplasma capsulatum, chapter case 17 | 18  pages, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), chapter case 18 | 14  pages, influenza virus, chapter case 19 | 11  pages, leishmania spp., chapter case 20 | 8  pages, leptospira spp., chapter case 21 | 8  pages, listeria monocytogenes, chapter case 22 | 14  pages, mycobacterium leprae, chapter case 23 | 12  pages, mycobacterium tuberculosis, chapter case 24 | 12  pages, neisseria gonorrhoeae, chapter case 25 | 14  pages, neisseria meningitidis, chapter case 26 | 10  pages, chapter case 27 | 8  pages, chapter case 28 | 13  pages, plasmodium spp., chapter case 29 | 10  pages, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), chapter case 30 | 11  pages, rickettsia spp., chapter case 31 | 10  pages, salmonella typhi, chapter case 32 | 10  pages, schistosoma spp., chapter case 33 | 16  pages, staphylococcus aureus, chapter case 34 | 9  pages, streptococcus mitis, chapter case 35 | 10  pages, streptococcus pneumoniae, chapter case 36 | 14  pages, streptococcus pyogenes, chapter case 37 | 10  pages, toxoplasma gondii, chapter case 38 | 12  pages, trypanosoma spp., chapter case 39 | 10  pages, varicella-zoster virus, chapter case 40 | 10  pages, wuchereria bancrofti.

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Oomph library resources: phw 250/250b epidemiologic methods: epidemiologic case study resources.

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Epidemiologic Case Studies

• Epidemiologic Case Studies (US CDC) These case studies are interactive exercises developed to teach epidemiologic principles and practices. They are based on real-life outbreaks and public health problems and were developed in collaboration with the original investigators and experts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The case studies require students to apply their epidemiologic knowledge and skills to problems confronted by public health practitioners at the local, state, and national level every day.
• Case Studies (WHO) From "Strengthening health security by implementing the International Health Regulations," each case has learning objectives and documentation.
• Case Studies in Social Medicine A series of Perspective articles from the New England Journal of Medicine that highlight the importance of social concepts and social context in clinical medicine. The series uses discussions of real clinical cases to translate theories and methods for understanding social processes into terms that can readily be used in medical education, clinical practice, and health system planning.
• African Case Studies in Public Heath Case study exercises based on real events in African contexts and written by experienced Africa-based public health trainers and practitioners. These case studies represent the most up-to-date and context-appropriate case study exercises for African public health training programs. These exercises are designed to reinforce and instill competencies for addressing health threats in the future leaders of public health in Africa.
• Case Consortium @ Columbia University: Public Health Cases The case collection includes "teaching" cases. Nearly all the cases are multimedia and based on original research; a few are written from secondary sources. All cases are offered free of charge.
• Epi Teams Training: Case Studies From the North Carolina Institute for Public Health, this curriculum includes several interactive case studies designed be used by the Epi Team as a group. These case studies are based on actual outbreaks that have occurred in North Carolina and elsewhere.
• National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science The mission of the NCCSTS at the University at Buffalo is to promote the development and dissemination of materials and practices for case teaching in the sciences. Our website provides access to an award-winning collection of peer-reviewed case studies. We offer a five-day summer workshop and a two-day fall conference to train faculty in the case method of teaching science. In addition, we are actively engaged in educational research to assess the impact of the case method on student learning. "Case Collection" includes over 100 public health cases.

Books of Case Studies

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Emerging Infectious Diseases: Clinical Case Studies

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Kelly Kynaston, John Sinnott, Emerging Infectious Diseases: Clinical Case Studies, Clinical Infectious Diseases , Volume 61, Issue 3, 1 August 2015, Page 490, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ288

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Emerging Infectious Diseases: Clinical Case Studies is an easy-to-use, extraordinarily informative text that belongs on every clinician's shelf. A collaborative effort among scientists, clinicians, and public health workers is needed to combat emerging infections. This text was written for clinicians, with the content reflecting interdisciplinary perspectives. It elegantly synthesizes the clinical, microbiologic, and epidemiologic information that is critical for patient diagnosis and for recognizing and mitigating outbreaks.

The editors have meticulously assembled introductory clinical vignettes that provide context to the subsequently presented information. They challenged their collaborators to answer 9 basic questions: Why is this case important as an emerging infection? What is the causative agent? What is the frequency of occurrence? How is it transmitted? What are the clinical manifestations? How is the diagnosis made? How do you differentiate this from similar entities? What is the therapeutic approach? What are the preventive measures? The answers are carefully laid out, and each chapter concludes with a current bibliography.

One of the book's many strengths is that it highlights areas where there are gaps in our knowledge. By staying true to the format, the editors were forced to acknowledge when a mechanism or treatment is not known. Furthermore, it is encouraging to see how new information finds its way into a useful context for understanding illness and treating patients. For example, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus as well as the novel bunyavirus responsible for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome are well presented. Research related to these viruses began as recently as 2012.

In order to qualify for inclusion in the book, a disease must meet a certain criteria for emerging infections. Most obviously, it could be the discovery that a known disease is caused by an unknown infectious agent. Second, it could be a previously unrecognized infection that is appearing in areas where the habitat is changing. Examples of this are the chapters on Lyme borreliosis and Plasmodium knowlesi . Third, like Clostridium difficile NAP1/BI/027 and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli , it could be a new infection that results from mutations in a known pathogen. Several chapters are devoted to the next category, that of “old” infections that have reemerged. Like multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and the New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1 producers, these may be old infections that have become resistant to treatment. Like measles and pertussis, they may have reemerged as a result of a breakdown of public health initiatives or, as exemplified by Acinetobacter and the Exserohilum rostratum incident, they may be due to advances in medical technology. A final criteria addressed is that of a recognized infection spreading to a new area, as demonstrated by Rift Valley fever, Chikungunya virus, and Ebola .

The recent Ebola epidemic makes this book even more pertinent to today's clinician. Today, emergency departments around the country are taking travel histories, and isolation is commonplace. This text has an extensive discussion and detailed visuals of the spectrum of viral hemorrhagic syndromes globally.

In our current time of epidemics, travel, and increased awareness of infectious diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases is an important work that effectively synthesizes research and clinical observation and adds context. By assembling the interdisciplinary efforts of microbiologists, epidemiologists, and clinicians, the editors have elucidated our knowledge, identified areas of future research, and outlined recommendations for combatting 28 emerging infectious diseases. The strict adherence to its unique format renders the ultimate recommendations regarding treatment, prophylaxis, and patient education most understandable. This book is an apropos read for any clinician who carries a pager.

Potential conflict of interest.  Both authors: No reported conflicts.

Both authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed.

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Case report

Case reports submitted to BMC Infectious Diseases should make a contribution to medical knowledge and must have educational value or highlight the need for a change in clinical practice or diagnostic/prognostic approaches. We will not consider reports on topics that have already been well characterized or where other, similar, cases have already been published. 

BMC Infectious Diseases will not consider case reports describing preventive or therapeutic interventions, as these generally require stronger evidence. 

BMC Infectious Diseases will not consider case reports whose main message is the clinical use of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) for the identification of a pathogen if it has been already previously reported in the literature.

BMC Infectious Diseases welcomes well-described reports of cases that include the following: • Unreported or unusual side effects or adverse interactions involving medications. • Unexpected or unusual presentations of a disease. • New associations or variations in disease processes. • Presentations, diagnoses and/or management of new and emerging diseases. • An unexpected association between diseases or symptoms. • An unexpected event in the course of observing or treating a patient. • Findings that shed new light on the possible pathogenesis of a disease or an adverse effect.

Authors must describe how the case report is rare or unusual as well as its educational and/or scientific merits in the covering letter that will accompany the submission of the manuscript. Case report submissions will be assessed by the Editors and will be sent for peer review if considered appropriate for the journal.

Case reports must include relevant positive and negative findings from history, examination and investigation, and can include clinical photographs, provided these are accompanied by a statement that written consent to publish was obtained from the patient(s). Case reports should include an up-to-date review of all previous cases in the field. Authors should follow the CARE guidelines and the CARE checklist should be provided as an additional file.

Authors should seek written and signed consent to publish the information from the patient(s) or their guardian(s) prior to submission. The submitted manuscript must include a statement that this consent was obtained in the consent to publish section as detailed in our editorial policies .

Professionally produced Visual Abstracts BMC Infectious Diseases will consider visual abstracts. As an author submitting to the journal, you may wish to make use of services provided at Springer Nature for high quality and affordable visual abstracts where you are entitled to a 20% discount. Click here  to find out more about the service, and your discount will be automatically be applied when using this link .

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The information below details the section headings that you should include in your manuscript and what information should be within each section.

Please note that your manuscript must include a 'Declarations' section including all of the subheadings (please see below for more information).

Title page 

The title page should:

• "A versus B in the treatment of C: a randomized controlled trial", "X is a risk factor for Y: a case control study", "What is the impact of factor X on subject Y: A systematic review, A case report etc."
• or, for non-clinical or non-research studies: a description of what the article reports
• if a collaboration group should be listed as an author, please list the Group name as an author. If you would like the names of the individual members of the Group to be searchable through their individual PubMed records, please include this information in the “Acknowledgements” section in accordance with the instructions below
• Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT , do not currently satisfy our authorship criteria . Notably an attribution of authorship carries with it accountability for the work, which cannot be effectively applied to LLMs. Use of an LLM should be properly documented in the Methods section (and if a Methods section is not available, in a suitable alternative part) of the manuscript
•  indicate the corresponding author

The Abstract should not exceed 350 words. Please minimize the use of abbreviations and do not cite references in the abstract. The abstract must include the following separate sections:

• Background: why the case should be reported and its novelty
• Case presentation: a brief description of the patient’s clinical and demographic details, the diagnosis, any interventions and the outcomes
• Conclusions: a brief summary of the clinical impact or potential implications of the case report

Keywords 

Three to ten keywords representing the main content of the article.

The Background section should explain the background to the case report or study, its aims, a summary of the existing literature.

Case presentation

This section should include a description of the patient’s relevant demographic details, medical history, symptoms and signs, treatment or intervention, outcomes and any other significant details.

Discussion and Conclusions

This should discuss the relevant existing literature and should state clearly the main conclusions, including an explanation of their relevance or importance to the field.

List of abbreviations

If abbreviations are used in the text they should be defined in the text at first use, and a list of abbreviations should be provided.

Declarations

All manuscripts must contain the following sections under the heading 'Declarations':

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Consent for publication, availability of data and materials, competing interests, authors' contributions, acknowledgements.

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Please see below for details on the information to be included in these sections.

If any of the sections are not relevant to your manuscript, please include the heading and write 'Not applicable' for that section. 

Manuscripts reporting studies involving human participants, human data or human tissue must:

• include a statement on ethics approval and consent (even where the need for approval was waived)
• include the name of the ethics committee that approved the study and the committee’s reference number if appropriate

Studies involving animals must include a statement on ethics approval and for experimental studies involving client-owned animals, authors must also include a statement on informed consent from the client or owner.

See our editorial policies for more information.

If your manuscript does not report on or involve the use of any animal or human data or tissue, please state “Not applicable” in this section.

If your manuscript contains any individual person’s data in any form (including any individual details, images or videos), consent for publication must be obtained from that person, or in the case of children, their parent or legal guardian. All presentations of case reports must have consent for publication.

You can use your institutional consent form or our consent form if you prefer. You should not send the form to us on submission, but we may request to see a copy at any stage (including after publication).

See our editorial policies for more information on consent for publication.

If your manuscript does not contain data from any individual person, please state “Not applicable” in this section.

All manuscripts must include an ‘Availability of data and materials’ statement. Data availability statements should include information on where data supporting the results reported in the article can be found including, where applicable, hyperlinks to publicly archived datasets analysed or generated during the study. By data we mean the minimal dataset that would be necessary to interpret, replicate and build upon the findings reported in the article. We recognise it is not always possible to share research data publicly, for instance when individual privacy could be compromised, and in such instances data availability should still be stated in the manuscript along with any conditions for access.

Authors are also encouraged to preserve search strings on searchRxiv https://searchrxiv.org/ , an archive to support researchers to report, store and share their searches consistently and to enable them to review and re-use existing searches. searchRxiv enables researchers to obtain a digital object identifier (DOI) for their search, allowing it to be cited. 

Data availability statements can take one of the following forms (or a combination of more than one if required for multiple datasets):

• The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are available in the [NAME] repository, [PERSISTENT WEB LINK TO DATASETS]
• The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
• All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files].
• The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available due [REASON WHY DATA ARE NOT PUBLIC] but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
• Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.
• The data that support the findings of this study are available from [third party name] but restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for the current study, and so are not publicly available. Data are however available from the authors upon reasonable request and with permission of [third party name].
• Not applicable. If your manuscript does not contain any data, please state 'Not applicable' in this section.

More examples of template data availability statements, which include examples of openly available and restricted access datasets, are available here .

BioMed Central strongly encourages the citation of any publicly available data on which the conclusions of the paper rely in the manuscript. Data citations should include a persistent identifier (such as a DOI) and should ideally be included in the reference list. Citations of datasets, when they appear in the reference list, should include the minimum information recommended by DataCite and follow journal style. Dataset identifiers including DOIs should be expressed as full URLs. For example:

Hao Z, AghaKouchak A, Nakhjiri N, Farahmand A. Global integrated drought monitoring and prediction system (GIDMaPS) data sets. figshare. 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.853801

With the corresponding text in the Availability of data and materials statement:

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available in the [NAME] repository, [PERSISTENT WEB LINK TO DATASETS]. [Reference number]  

If you wish to co-submit a data note describing your data to be published in BMC Research Notes , you can do so by visiting our submission portal . Data notes support open data and help authors to comply with funder policies on data sharing. Co-published data notes will be linked to the research article the data support ( example ).

All financial and non-financial competing interests must be declared in this section.

See our editorial policies for a full explanation of competing interests. If you are unsure whether you or any of your co-authors have a competing interest please contact the editorial office.

Please use the authors initials to refer to each authors' competing interests in this section.

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All sources of funding for the research reported should be declared. If the funder has a specific role in the conceptualization, design, data collection, analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript, this should be declared.

The individual contributions of authors to the manuscript should be specified in this section. Guidance and criteria for authorship can be found in our editorial policies .

Please use initials to refer to each author's contribution in this section, for example: "FC analyzed and interpreted the patient data regarding the hematological disease and the transplant. RH performed the histological examination of the kidney, and was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript."

Please acknowledge anyone who contributed towards the article who does not meet the criteria for authorship including anyone who provided professional writing services or materials.

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Authors' information

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You may choose to use this section to include any relevant information about the author(s) that may aid the reader's interpretation of the article, and understand the standpoint of the author(s). This may include details about the authors' qualifications, current positions they hold at institutions or societies, or any other relevant background information. Please refer to authors using their initials. Note this section should not be used to describe any competing interests.

Footnotes can be used to give additional information, which may include the citation of a reference included in the reference list. They should not consist solely of a reference citation, and they should never include the bibliographic details of a reference. They should also not contain any figures or tables.

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Always use footnotes instead of endnotes.

Examples of the Vancouver reference style are shown below.

See our editorial policies for author guidance on good citation practice

Web links and URLs: All web links and URLs, including links to the authors' own websites, should be given a reference number and included in the reference list rather than within the text of the manuscript. They should be provided in full, including both the title of the site and the URL, as well as the date the site was accessed, in the following format: The Mouse Tumor Biology Database. http://tumor.informatics.jax.org/mtbwi/index.do . Accessed 20 May 2013. If an author or group of authors can clearly be associated with a web link, such as for weblogs, then they should be included in the reference.

Example reference style:

Article within a journal

Smith JJ. The world of science. Am J Sci. 1999;36:234-5.

Article within a journal (no page numbers)

Rohrmann S, Overvad K, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Jakobsen MU, Egeberg R, Tjønneland A, et al. Meat consumption and mortality - results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. BMC Medicine. 2013;11:63.

Article within a journal by DOI

Slifka MK, Whitton JL. Clinical implications of dysregulated cytokine production. Dig J Mol Med. 2000; doi:10.1007/s801090000086.

Article within a journal supplement

Frumin AM, Nussbaum J, Esposito M. Functional asplenia: demonstration of splenic activity by bone marrow scan. Blood 1979;59 Suppl 1:26-32.

Book chapter, or an article within a book

Wyllie AH, Kerr JFR, Currie AR. Cell death: the significance of apoptosis. In: Bourne GH, Danielli JF, Jeon KW, editors. International review of cytology. London: Academic; 1980. p. 251-306.

OnlineFirst chapter in a series (without a volume designation but with a DOI)

Saito Y, Hyuga H. Rate equation approaches to amplification of enantiomeric excess and chiral symmetry breaking. Top Curr Chem. 2007. doi:10.1007/128_2006_108.

Complete book, authored

Blenkinsopp A, Paxton P. Symptoms in the pharmacy: a guide to the management of common illness. 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science; 1998.

Online document

Doe J. Title of subordinate document. In: The dictionary of substances and their effects. Royal Society of Chemistry. 1999. http://www.rsc.org/dose/title of subordinate document. Accessed 15 Jan 1999.

Online database

Healthwise Knowledgebase. US Pharmacopeia, Rockville. 1998. http://www.healthwise.org. Accessed 21 Sept 1998.

Supplementary material/private homepage

Doe J. Title of supplementary material. 2000. http://www.privatehomepage.com. Accessed 22 Feb 2000.

University site

Doe, J: Title of preprint. http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/mydata.html (1999). Accessed 25 Dec 1999.

Doe, J: Trivial HTTP, RFC2169. ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2169.txt (1999). Accessed 12 Nov 1999.

Organization site

ISSN International Centre: The ISSN register. http://www.issn.org (2006). Accessed 20 Feb 2007.

Dataset with persistent identifier

Zheng L-Y, Guo X-S, He B, Sun L-J, Peng Y, Dong S-S, et al. Genome data from sweet and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). GigaScience Database. 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5524/100012 .

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