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Cause & effect essays Aka reason and result
The Cause and effect essay is another common essay type, either as an essay type on its own, or as part of a larger essay which includes one or more paragraphs examining causes and effects. This page gives information on what a cause and effect essay is , how to structure this type of essay, and how to use cause and effect structure words (transition signals) for this type of essay. There is also an example cause and effect essay on the topic of women at work, as well as some exercises to help you practice this area.
What are cause & effect essays?
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A cause and effect essay looks at the reasons (or causes) for something, then discusses the results (or effects). For this reason, cause and effect essays are sometimes referred to as reason and result essays. They are one of the most common forms of organisation in academic writing. Sometimes the whole essay will be cause and effect, though sometimes this may be only part of the whole essay. It is also possible, especially for short exam essays, that only the causes or the effects, not both, are discussed. See the examples below.
- Discuss the causes and effects of global warming ['cause and effect' essay]
- Explain the high death rate in Chernobyl ['causes' only essay]
- Discuss the WTO and its effects on the Chinese economy ['effects' only essay]
There are two main ways to structure a cause and effect essay. These are similar to the ways to structure problem-solution essays , namely using a block or a chain structure. For the block structure, all of the causes are listed first, and all of the effects are listed afterwards. For the chain structure, each cause is followed immediately by the effect. Usually that effect will then be the cause of the next effect, which is why this structure is called 'chain'. Both types of structure have their merits. The former is generally clearer, especially for shorter essays, while the latter ensures that any effects you present relate directly to the causes you have given.
The two types of structure, block and chain , are shown in the diagram below.
Cause and Effect Structure Words
Cause and effect structure words are transition signals which show the cause and effect relationships. It is important to be clear which is the cause (or reason) and which is the effect (or result), and to use the correct transition word or phrase. Remember that a cause happens first , and the effect happens later .
Below are some common cause and effect structure words. X is used to indicate a cause, while Y is used to indicate the effect.
- The first cause of (Y) is (X)
- The next reason is (X)
- Because of (X), (Y)
- As a result of (X), (Y)
- As a consequence of (X), (Y)
- because/since/as (X)
- to result from (X)
- (X) results in (Y)
- to be the result of (X)
- (Y) is due to (X)
- Owing to (X), (Y)
- (Y) is because of (X)
- (Y) is the effect of (X)
- (Y) is the consequence of (X)
- Worsening pollution levels in cities are due to the increased use of cars.
- Because of the increased use of cars, pollution levels in cities are worsening.
- As a result of the increased use of cars, pollution levels in cities are worsening.
- The effect of the increased use of cars is a worsening of pollution levels in cities.
- The first effect of (X) is (Y)
- Another result of (X) is (Y)
- As a result, (Y)
- As a consequence, (Y)
- Consequently (Y)
- Therefore, (Y)
- (X) causes (Y)
- (X) has an effect on (Y)
- (X) affects (Y)
- (X) is one of the causes of (Y)
- (X) is the reason for (Y)
- Cars are used increasingly for urban transport. As a consequence , pollution levels in cities are worsening.
- Increased use of cars for urban transport adversely affects pollution levels in cities.
- Increased use of cars for urban transport is one of the causes of worsening pollution levels in cities.
Example essay
Below is a cause and effect essay. This essay uses the block structure . Click on the different areas (in the shaded boxes to the right) to highlight the different structural aspects in this essay, i.e. Causes, Effects, and structure words. This will highlight not simply the paragraphs, but also the thesis statement and summary , as these repeat the causes and effects contained in the main body.
Title: More and more women are now going out to work and some women are now the major salary earner in the family. What are the causes of this, and what effect is this having on families and society?
In the past, most women stayed at home to take care of domestic chores such as cooking or cleaning. Women's liberation and feminism have meant that this situation has been transformed and in contemporary society women are playing an almost equal role to men in terms of work. This has had significant consequences , both in terms of the family , for example by improving quality of life and increasing children's sense of independence , and also for society itself with greater gender equality . The main reasons behind the increase of women in the workplace are women's liberation and feminism. The women's liberation movement originated in the 1960s and was popularised by authors such as Simone de Beauvoir. As a consequence of this, new legislation emerged, granting women equal rights to men in many fields, in particular employment. Because of feminist ideas, men have taken up roles which were previously seen as being for women only, most importantly those related to child rearing. As a result of this, women have more time to pursue their own careers and interests. These have led to some significant effects, both to family life and to society as a whole. Although the earning capacity of a woman in her lifetime is generally much less than that of a man, she can nevertheless make a significant contribution to the family income. The most important consequence of this is an improved quality of life. By helping to maintain a steady income for the family, the pressure on the husband is considerably reduced, hence improving both the husband's and the wife's emotional wellbeing. Additionally, the purchasing power of the family will also be raised. This means that the family can afford more luxuries such as foreign travel and a family car. A further effect on the family is the promotion of independence in the children. Some might argue that having both parents working might be damaging to the children because of a lack of parental attention. However, such children have to learn to look after themselves at an earlier age, and their parents often rely on them to help with the housework. This therefore teaches them important life skills. As regards society, the most significant impact of women going to work is greater gender equality. There are an increasing number of women who are becoming politicians, lawyers, and even CEOs and company managers. This in turn has led to greater equality for women in all areas of life, not just employment. For example, women today have much stronger legal rights to protect themselves against domestic violence and sexual discrimination in the workplace. In conclusion, the increasing number of women at work has brought about some important changes to family life, including improved quality of life and increased independence for children, as well as affecting society itself. It is clear that the sexes are still a long way from being equal in all areas of life, however, and perhaps the challenge for the present century is to ensure that this takes place.
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Below is a checklist for cause and effect essays. Use it to check your own writing, or get a peer (another student) to help you.
| | |
The essay is a essay | | |
An appropriate is used, either or | | |
Cause and effect are used accurately | | |
The essay has clear | | |
Each paragraph has a clear | | |
The essay has strong support (facts, reasons, examples, etc.) | | |
The conclusion includes a of the main points | | |
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Author: Sheldon Smith ‖ Last modified: 16 January 2022.
Sheldon Smith is the founder and editor of EAPFoundation.com. He has been teaching English for Academic Purposes since 2004. Find out more about him in the about section and connect with him on Twitter , Facebook and LinkedIn .
Compare & contrast essays examine the similarities of two or more objects, and the differences.
Cause & effect essays consider the reasons (or causes) for something, then discuss the results (or effects).
Discussion essays require you to examine both sides of a situation and to conclude by saying which side you favour.
Problem-solution essays are a sub-type of SPSE essays (Situation, Problem, Solution, Evaluation).
Transition signals are useful in achieving good cohesion and coherence in your writing.
Reporting verbs are used to link your in-text citations to the information cited.
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Ultimate Guide to Writing a Cause and Effect Essay
Carla johnson.
- June 14, 2023
- How to Guides
There are a lot of different kinds of essays that you might be asked to write. The cause and effect essay is one type that you might have to write. In this type of essay, you will look at how two events or situations are related to each other and how one leads to the other.
A cause and effect essay is a type of expository writing that tries to explain why things happen and what happens as a result. It is a common assignment in many academic fields, such as history, sociology, psychology, and environmental studies .
Understanding causes is an important part of being able to think critically and solve problems. To make good decisions and predict what will happen in the future, it’s important to be able to figure out what caused an event or situation and how it all fits together.
In this complete guide to writing a cause-and-effect essay , we’ll look at how to choose a topic, make an outline, and write a strong essay. This guide will give you the tools you need to write a well-structured and convincing cause and effect essay, whether you are a student or a professional writer.
What You'll Learn
Elements of a Cause and Effect Essay
To write a cause and effect essay, you need to know how events or situations are related to each other. There are a few things to think about if you want to learn more about this relationship.
1. Understanding the cause and effect relationship: When writing a cause and effect essay, the first thing you need to do is figure out how the two things you are writing about are related. To do this, you need to know how to tell the difference between direct, indirect, and contributing causes. It’s also important to think about what might happen as a result of the causes you find.
2. Importance of structure and organization: A well-written cause and effect essay should have a clear introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction should include background information about the topic and a clear thesis statement that shows how the two events or situations are connected. The body should be organized around the causes and effects you have found, with each paragraph focusing on one cause or effect. The conclusion should restate the thesis statement and summarize the main points of the essay .
3. The role of evidence and analysis: To support your arguments in a cause and effect essay, you need to provide evidence that demonstrates the relationship between the causes and effects you have identified. This may include statistical data, expert opinions, or historical examples. It is also important to analyze the evidence you present and explain how it supports your thesis statement. .
How to Choose a Topic for a Cause and Effect Essay
Choosing a topic for a cause and effect essay can be challenging, especially if you are unsure where to start. Here are some tips to help you find inspiration and narrow down your topic.
1. Finding inspiration for topics: There are many places to find ideas for what to write about in a cause and effect essay. You can start by thinking about things that interest you or that you know something about. Also You can also get ideas from what’s happening now, in history, or in society. You can also look at the relationships between causes and effects in books, movies, and music.
2. Narrowing down your topic: Once you have a list of potential topics, it is important to narrow them down to a specific event or situation. This will help you to focus your essay and provide a clear thesis statement . You can narrow down your topic by considering the causes and effects of the event or situation and selecting the most significant ones.
3. Tips for selecting a strong topic: When selecting a topic for your cause and effect essay, it is important to choose one that is both interesting and significant. Here are some tips for selecting a strong topic:
– Choose a topic that you are passionate about or that you have personal experience with.
– Select a topic that is relevant to current events or social issues.
– Consider the scope of the topic and make sure it is narrow enough to provide a clear focus for your essay .
– Look for a topic that has multiple causes and effects, as this will allow you to explore the relationships between them in more depth.
– Choose a topic with a significant impact, whether it be on individuals, communities, or society as a whole.
– Consider the availability of research materials to support your arguments .
10 Captivating Cause and Effect Essay Examples
When it comes to writing a cause and effect essay, it can be helpful to look at examples of successful essays to gain inspiration and learn from the techniques used by experienced writers. Here are 10 captivating cause and effect essay examples to consider:
1. How Social Media is Changing the Way We Communicate: This essay explores the causes and effects of social media on communication, including the impact it has on personal relationships and the workplace.
2. The Effects of Climate Change on Marine Life: This essay examines the causes and effects of climate change on marine ecosystems, including the impact of rising temperatures and ocean acidification on marine species.
3. The Causes and Effects of the Civil Rights Movement: This essay explores the causes and effects of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States, including the impact it had on race relations and social justice.
4. How Technology is Changing Education: This essay examines the causes and effects of technology on education, including the impact of online learning and the use of digital devices in the classroom.
5. The Causes and Effects of Obesity: This essay explores the causes and effects of obesity, including the impact of diet, lifestyle, and genetics on weight gain and related health issues .
6. The Impact of the Industrial Revolution on Society: This essay examines the causes and effects of the Industrial Revolution on society, including the impact of technological advancements on labor, urbanization, and social change.
7. How the Internet is Changing theWay We Shop: This essay explores the causes and effects of the rise of e-commerce and online shopping, including the impact it has on traditional brick-and-mortar stores and consumer behavior .
8. The Causes and Effects of the Great Depression: This essay examines the causes and effects of the Great Depression in the United States, including the impact it had on the economy, politics, and society as a whole.
9. The Effects of Drug Addiction on Society: This essay explores the causes and effects of drug addiction on individuals and society, including the impact of drug abuse on health, crime rates, and social welfare.
10. The Impact of Globalization on Cultural Identity: This essay examines the causes and effects of globalization on cultural identity, including the impact of cultural homogenization and the loss of traditional cultural practices.
50 Cause and Effect Essay Topics
Choosing a topic for a cause and effect essay can be difficult, especially if you are unsure where to start. Here are 50 cause and effect essay topics to consider, along with tips for brainstorming your own topic ideas and choosing a topic that is relevant and engaging:
1. The Causes and Effects of Climate Change
2. The Impact of Social Media on Relationships
3. The Effects of Exercise on Mental Health
4. The Causes and Effects of Poverty
5. The Impact of Technology on Society
6. The Effects of Smoking on Health
7. The Causes and Effects of Drug Addiction
8. The Impact of Immigration on the Economy
9. The Effects of Stress on Mental Health
10. The Causes and Effects of Obesity
11. The Impact of Video Games on Youth
12. The Causes and Effects of Divorce
13. The Effects of Bullying on Mental Health
14. The Causes and Effects of Teenage Pregnancy
15. The Impact of Television on Society
16. The Causes and Effects of Homelessness
17. The Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Health
18. The Causes and Effects of Global Warming
19. The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health
20. The Causes and Effects of Cyberbullying
21. The Effects of Pollution on the Environment
22. The Causes and Effects of Racism
23. The Impact of Technology on Education24. The Causes and Effects of Income Inequality
25. The Effects of Music on Mental Health
26. The Causes and Effects of Childhood Obesity
27. The Impact of Cell Phones on Society
28. The Effects of Alcohol on Health
29. The Causes and Effects of Parental Divorce on Children
30. The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Jobs
31. The Causes and Effects of Air Pollution
32. The Effects of Social Media on Body Image
33. The Causes and Effects of Gender Inequality
34. The Impact of Online Shopping on Retail Stores
35. The Causes and Effects of Mental Illness
36. The Effects of Domestic Violence on Mental Health
37. The Causes and Effects of Food Insecurity
38. The Impact of Education on Employment
39. The Causes and Effects of Single Parenting
40. The Effects of Overpopulation on the Environment
41. The Causes and Effects of Racial Discrimination
42. The Impact of Technology on Communication
43. The Effects of Gaming on Mental Health
44. The Causes and Effects of Human Trafficking
45. The Impact of Social Media on Politics
46. The Causes and Effects of Water Pollution
47. The Effects of Social Media on Self-Esteem
48. The Causes and Effects of Urbanization
49. The Impact of Technology on Privacy
50. The Causes and Effects of Workplace Stress
When coming up with your own ideas for a paper , think about your own interests, current events, and social issues that are important to you. Think about the causes and results of certain events or situations that you know a lot about or that really interest you. Make sure to choose a topic that is specific enough to give your essay a clear focus but broad enough to let you explore the cause-and-effect relationships in depth.
It’s important to choose a topic that is both relevant and interesting. Think about what research materials are available and how your topic might affect people, groups, or society as a whole. By choosing a topic that is both important and interesting, you can write a good cause and effect essay that shows how two events or situations are related in a meaningful way.
Cause and Effect Essay Thesis
The thesis statement is a crucial element of any cause and effect essay. It provides the main argument or focus of your essay and sets the tone for the rest of your writing. Here are some tips for crafting a strong thesis statement and examples of effective thesis statements.
1. Why a thesis is important: The thesis statement is important because it provides a clear focus for your essay and helps the reader understand the purpose of your writing. It should be concise, specific, and arguable, and provide a roadmap for the rest of your essay.
2. Crafting a strong thesis statement: To write a good thesis statement for your cause and effect essay, you should think about how the two events or situations you are writing about relate to each other. Your thesis should explain the cause-and-effect relationship you’re going to look at and give a specific argument you’ll back up throughout your essay . It also needs to be clear, specific, and debatable.
3. Examples of effective thesis statements:
– The rise of social media has led to a decrease in face-to-face communication, resulting in a generation of individuals who struggle to connect with others in meaningful ways.
– The industrial revolution had a significant impact on the environment, leading to increased pollution, deforestation, and loss of biodiversity.
– The causes of poverty are complex and multifaceted, including factors such as lack of access to education, economic inequality, and discrimination.
– The effects of climate change on wildlife are devastating, leading to habitat loss, species extinction, and disruption of ecosystems.
– The use of technology in the classroom has both positive and negative impacts on student learning, including increased engagement and distraction.
– The rise of online shopping has led to a decline in traditional brick-and-mortar stores, resulting in job loss and economic restructuring.
– The causes of the opioid epidemic are varied, including over-prescription of painkillers and lack of access to addiction treatment.
– The effects of bullying on mental health can be long-lasting, leading to anxiety, depression, and even suicide among victims.
– The impact of immigration on the economy is complex, with both positive and negative effects on job creation, tax revenue, and economic growth.
– The causes of the gender pay gap are rooted in systemic discrimination and bias, resulting in a significant disparity in earnings between men and women.
By crafting a strong thesis statement that clearly outlines the cause and effect relationship you will be exploring and provides a specific argument to support your essay , you can set the tone for the rest of your writing and provide the reader with a clear understanding of the purpose of your essay.
Cause and Effect Essay Structure
An important part of writing a cause and effect essay is figuring out how to put it together. Your ideas and arguments will come across more clearly to the reader if your essay is well-structured. Here are some tips to help you choose the right structure for your essay, know the difference between block and chain structures, and make the most of the structure you choose.
1. Choosing the appropriate structure for your essay: A cause and effect essay has two main structures: the block and the chain. The block structure lists all the causes first, then all the effects. The chain structure, on the other hand, lists each cause and its effect in the order they happened. The best way to organize your essay will depend on the topic and how the causes and effects are related to each other. If the relationship between the causes and effects is complicated or there are more than two causes and effects, a chain structure may be better. If the relationship is simple, a block structure may work better.
2. Understanding the difference between block and chain structures: In a block structure, the essay has two main parts: the introduction, which has the thesis statement, and the body, which has the causes in one or more paragraphs and then the effects. In a chain structure, each cause is followed by its effect(s) in the order in which they happened. In the conclusion, the main points of the essay are summed up and the thesis statement is restated .
3. Tips for making the most of your chosen structure: Regardless of the structure youchoose, there are some tips to help you make the most of it:
– Use clear and concise topic sentences to introduce each paragraph and to connect the ideas between them.
– Use transitional phrases to help the reader understand the relationship between the causes and effects, such as “as a result”, “consequently”, “therefore”, and “due to”.
– Provide supporting evidence and examples to strengthen your arguments and to help the reader understand the significance of each cause and effect relationship.
– Use a variety of sentence structures to keep the reader engaged and to vary the rhythm and flow of the essay.
– Use the conclusion to summarize the main points of the essay and to restate the thesis statement in a memorable way.
In the end, a cause and effect essay looks at how two events or situations are related and shows how one event or situation leads to another. To write a good cause and effect essay, you need to choose a strong and interesting topic , make a clear thesis statement, and present your ideas and arguments in a well-structured way.
The following are some key points to keep in mind when writing a cause and effect essay:
– A cause and effect essay explores the relationship between two events or situations and provides insight into how one event or situation leads to another.
– The key elements of a cause and effect essay include a clear thesis statement, supporting evidence and examples, and a well-structured approach that presents the causes and effects in a logical and cohesive manner.
– When choosing a topic for a cause and effect essay, it is important to select one that is both interesting and significant, and to narrow it down to a specific event or situation.
– To make your cause and effect essay engaging, use transitional phrases, provide supporting evidence and examples, and vary your sentence structures.
– Outlining can help you to organize your ideas and arguments, and create a clear roadmap for your essay.
– There are two main structures for a cause and effect essay: block and chain. The appropriate structure will depend on the specific topic and the relationship between the causes and effects.
– The thesis statement is a crucial element of any cause and effect essay, providing a clear focus for your essay and setting the tone for the rest of your writing.
– Effective revision and editing are crucial to producing a successful cause and effect essay. Be sure to give yourself enough time to revise and edit your work, and to seek feedback from others.
– Working with a writing group or editor can also be helpful in improving the quality of your essay and identifying areas for improvement.
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- Ultimate Guide to Craft Compelling Cause and Effect Essay
- Mastering The Art of Academic Essay Writing With Examples
Cause and effect essays are among the most usual essay types that students get to write at college. While the initial idea of writing a cause and effect essay may seem pretty simple, all you need to do is list the causes of a problem followed by the solutions. However, it is much easier said than done because essentially cause and effect essays are slightly tricky and require enormous brainstorming.
Table of Contents
- What is a cause and effect essay
- How to structure the cause and effect essay
- Hook of a cause and effect essay
- Background brief of a cause and effect essay
- Thesis statement of a cause and effect essay
- Outline of a cause and effect essay
- Body of a cause and effect essay
- Conclusion of a cause and effect essay
Besides the research you put in, the format of a cause and effect essay is as important. You need to ensure that you are presenting the essay in a standardized format to meet your academic goals and fetch some extra credits. Now the question is, what is a standardized format for writing a cause and effect essay? Well, this is your complete guide to cause and effect essays explaining each step in detail along with examples. So, let us get started.
What is a cause and effect essay?
A cause-and-effect essay is a type of expository essay that focuses on identifying the various causes and effects of a topic (problem) and explaining the detailed relationships between them. This type of academic writing basically focuses on the relationship between the causes (reasons) and effects (results) of a problematic scenario or trend. This is the reason, it is also called the reasons and results essay.
These types of essays are meant to explain why it happened and how it happened. For a better understanding of the concept, let’s have a look at some of the examples of what possibly could be the topics for different cause and effect essays.
- Discuss the various causes and effects of global warming on the earth.
- Elaborate on the different causes and effects of air pollution on the environment.
- Shed light on the causes and effects of social media addiction.
Now from the above examples, you got a clear idea of what exactly cause and effect essays look like. Hence, it is now time to understand the structure of writing a good cause and effect essay. That being the case, the next section will shed light on the structure of writing an impressive cause and effect essay.
How to structure the cause and effect essay?
The right structure of an essay is a key element that leads to writing an impressive essay. In the context of a cause and effect essay, the structuring is even more important because it allows your readers to clearly understand and easily navigate through the main ideas of your essay. Besides, right structuring also accounts for scores in essay writing. Hence, it is really essential to structure your essay in an effective way. To continue, like every other essay, the structure of the cause and effect essay also contains three main sections;
- Introduction
- Body paragraphs
However, the difference lies between the ideas and opinions you present in the essay and the way you present them in the essay. Hence, the further sections will effectively guide on how to write an introduction , thesis statement, outline, body paragraphs, and conclusion of a cause and effect essay. So, let’s move ahead further and start with the introduction of an essay.
How to write the introduction of a cause and effect essay?
Be it in essays, journals, articles, or research papers, the introduction of any form of writing is its make or break point. Hence, it is essential to grab the readers' attention right from the beginning. To elaborate, in the introduction, you will introduce the bigger circle of your essay i.e. the main topic of the essay which will assist your readers in understanding the context and the purpose of your essay writing. In the context of a cause and effect essay, the introduction will introduce the readers to the main topic first before moving ahead in explaining the different causes and effects and their correlation to the main topic.
For example, let’s say you are writing about the cause and effects of global warming. In the introduction, you will introduce your readers to the concept of global warming in detail before heading to its cause and effect. This introduction will assist your readers in comprehending the main reason why the essay topic needs to be discussed. However, in the introduction as well, there are 5 major aspects that need to be discussed.
- Background information
- Thesis statement
The further section will deliberately explain how to write all the 5 elements that will assist you in writing an essay. Besides, in the context of a cause and effect essay, the same example describing each element will be provided for your better understanding.
Introduction element: Hook of a cause and effect essay
A hook is a surprising element that engages your audience in your essay right from its beginning. Talking contextually, in a cause and effect essay, the hook can be statistical data or a claim that will clearly reflect the urgency of the discussion of your chosen topic. Let’s have a look at the sample hook in our taken example topic.
Sample hook
By the end of 2022, the temperature of the earth’s surface was around 0.98 Celsius degrees warmer than the average of the 20th century. Besides, the current global temperature has been consistently high on record("Topic: Global climate change", 2022).
In this hook, you might have noticed that we have given statistical data that directly points toward global warming. This will engage the readers right away and will encourage them to go through your essay till the end. Next, comes the background information.
Introduction element: Background brief of a cause and effect essay
Background information is necessary for an essay to brief the readers about the concept that will be discussed throughout the essay. In the case of a cause and effect essay, providing background information is even more important because the cause and effect of a topic will only be impactful when your readers would have good knowledge about the topic.
Let’s look at the background brief in the case of our sample essay topic for a better understanding of the background brief.
Sample Background Information
Global warming has been a concerning issue for a long time now. It has various effects on the environment that needs the attention of today’s generation. The number of cyclones, droughts, floods, and other natural disasters is increasing at a rampant pace. Besides, the main cause behind all these natural disasters is global warming.
After effectively providing the background information, using 2 to 3 lines, you will explain the purpose of writing an essay. This will allow you to draw the importance of the topic in the minds of the reader. To explain, you will answer the question, “Why is this topic important?”. After defining the purpose the next paragraph of your essay will talk about the thesis statement.
Introduction element: The thesis statement of a cause and effect essay
A thesis statement defines the topic in a summary that will be discussed in the essay. In terms of the cause and effect essay, in the thesis statement, you can narrow down the topic and let your audience know that this essay will provide different causes and effects briefly. Although every essay has a different thesis statement, the thesis statement of the cause and effect essay should follow the 3Cs formula explained below.
- Contentious: It is essential to know that your thesis statement should never contain any obvious facts. It should be contentious enough to intrigue the minds of readers and keep them indulged in the essay.
- Concise: The thesis statement of your essay should be concise so that your readers get a clear understanding of the central idea of the topic whose causes and effects would be discussed in the whole essay.
- Coherent: Lastly, there should be cohesion between your thesis statement and your body paragraphs describing different causes and effects of the essay.
In terms of our example, below given will be the thesis statement of your essay.
Sample thesis
Global warming can be understood as a direct consequence of various primary and secondary causes which could be either natural or man-made. Subsequently, the consequences of global warming can be quite detrimental to the planet and could result in some alarming effects.
If you want to learn more about thesis statements, you can go through our comprehensive guide on how to write a thesis statement .
Introduction element: Outline of a cause and effect essay
An outline is one of the most vital parts of the essay as it acts as the road map of your essay. To elaborate, the outline of an essay will briefly define all the aspects that your essay will cover and in what sequence of paragraphs it will be covered.
The outline of the essay allows the readers to understand how different cause-and-effect relationships will take place in the essay. Moreover, it will also allow you to survey and analyze the information before presenting it to your audience.
While writing an outline of the essay, you should note that your outline statement should clearly highlight the different cause and effect aspects that you will discuss in your essay.
Sample Outline
Firstly, the essay will talk about the main causes that are increasing the temperature all over the globe. Secondly, the effects that are caused by global warming will be discussed in the essay. Lastly, some of the solutions that will assist in dealing with the rising temperature of the earth will be provided in the essay.
How to write the body of a cause and effect essay?
There are two types of ways in which you can structure the body paragraph of your cause and effect essay i.e. block method and the chain method. In the block method, the writer first explains all the causes in the initial paragraphs and then explains the effect of each cause followed by a transition paragraph that will form the cohesion. Whereas, in the chain method, each cause is followed by its effect immediately.
To elaborate, each body paragraph of the cause and effect essay will start with a topic sentence that can either describe the main idea of the cause or the effect that will be discussed in the rest of the essay. After that, you will explain the topic sentence which can be a cause or the effect with the evidence (if possible) to support your topic sentence.
Moreover, if you do not have evidence, you will critically analyze and explain how your causes or effects fit in the bigger picture of your chosen topic of the subject. Lastly, the body paragraph will contain a cohesion line that will form a connection between the current paragraph and the beginning of the next paragraph.
In the case of our example, we will use the chain method and our body paragraph would be like this:
Sample Body Paragraph
There are different causes of global warming for which mankind is responsible. Deforestation is the major cause of rising global warming on the earth because plants are a major source of oxygen for all living organisms on the earth. Besides, they consume carbon dioxide which assists in maintaining the balance of the earth and evening things out. However, humans are recklessly cutting trees which have to lead to an imbalance in the environment. 13 million hectares of forest have been cut down and are converted for other uses(Deforestation Facts and Statistics,2022). This environmental imbalance is causing a rise in the temperature thus enhancing global warming. Not only this, there are many natural causes of global warming as well.
How to write the conclusion of a cause and effect essay?
The essay's conclusion should always consist of restating the main idea of causes and effects discussed in the whole essay. However, a notable fact while writing a conclusion is that you should never provide new information whether factual or literary in the conclusion paragraph.
You eventually have to present the thesis statement once again with the central idea around which your cause and effect essay revolved throughout. Along with this, you can also provide future implications directed toward tackling the effects of the different causes discussed in the essay. In the case of our example, the conclusion would be:
Sample Conclusion
To conclude, global warming is a concerning issue and the rising temperature is an alarm that needs our utmost attention right now. Hence, it is essential to know about the various causes of global warming and the impacts that it is bringing to the earth. So that we can take effective solutions to counter the situation in an effective manner.
To conclude, we are sure that the above guide has cleared all your doubts about the cause and effect essay. So, what are you waiting for? Use effective guidance and share it with your friends as well. So, you pass with flying colors and with HD grades in your assessments.
Recommended Readings
How to Write an Argumentative Essay
How to Write a Narrative Essay
What is the basic rule of cause and effect essay?
Cause and effect essays follow a simple rule of beginning with a topic sentence and then it’s followed by supporting details. Just assume, that your topic sentence talks about an effect, then the supporting details will describe its causes.
Can I use personal experiences in a cause and effect essay?
Yes, incorporating personal experiences can add depth and authenticity to your essay, especially when illustrating the effects of specific causes. However, ensure that your personal anecdotes support the main thesis and contribute to the overall understanding of the topic.
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137 Intriguing Cause & Effect Essay Topics for Students
Teach critical thinking, logic, and the art of persuasion.
Cause-and-effect essays aren’t just a way to help students strengthen their writing skills. They’ll also learn critical thinking, logic, and the art of persuasion. In addition, they teach students to demonstrate how one thing directly influences another. Coming up with engaging cause-and-effect essay topics can be challenging, but we have you covered. This list of ideas includes a variety of topics that range from social and cultural movements to mental health and the environment.
Science and Environment Cause & Effect Essay Topics
- Describe the effect of urbanization on the environment.
- What is the impact of air pollution on health?
- What are the causes and consequences of plastics on marine life?
- What is the impact of rising sea temperatures on fish and marine life?
- Describe the impact of human behavior on global warming.
- What is the effect of social media on environmentalism?
- What causes volcanic eruptions?
- What causes trees to die?
- What are the effects of gravity?
- Why are plants green?
- Why do trees shed their leaves?
- What causes a species to become endangered?
- What are some of the causes of animals losing their habitats?
- Describe the effect of overpopulation on the environment.
- What are the effects of famine on human population?
- What are the causes and effects of Antarctica floods?
- What are the effects of pollution on the ocean?
- What effect do cars have on the environment?
- Why is it important to manage wildfires?
- What has been the impact of DNA on crime scene processing?
- What are the impacts of deforestation in Brazil?
- What are the effects of GMO foods on human health?
- What are the impacts of immunizations on human health?
Technology and Social Media Cause & Effect Essay Topics
- What are the effects of social media on adolescent development?
- How does technology affect productivity?
- What are the effects of video games on childhood development?
- How do cell phones affect human relationships?
- What are some reasons a teacher might ban cell phones from class?
- What effects do cell phones have on sleep?
- What effects did the invention of the Internet have on technology?
- What were the origins of cyberbullying?
- What are the effects of tablet use on small children?
- How has online dating changed relationships?
- What makes some people less likely to use social media?
- What are the effects of social media on privacy?
- How does the rise of TikTok affect Facebook and Instagram?
- In what ways could social media lead to extremism?
- What is the impact of social media on the increasing popularity of plastic surgery and other enhancements?
- What are some of the benefits of owning a smartphone and what are some of the drawbacks?
- What has been the impact of online shopping on brick-and-mortar stores?
- What has been the impact of smartphones on marriages and relationships?
- What are the causes and effects of texting while driving?
- What has the rise of “influencers” meant for Hollywood?
- In what ways have photo filters influenced young people’s self-esteem?
Culture and Social Issues Cause & Effect Essay Topics
- What are some of the reasons for substance abuse in young people?
- What are some of the effects of bullying?
- How does economic status affect the quality of health care?
- What are some of the causes of homelessness?
- Explain the effects of ignorance on discrimination.
- What are the impacts of death sentences on social justice?
- How does financial success affect societal privilege?
- What effects does growing up poor have on children?
- In what ways does religion influence society?
- What are the effects of immigration on a host country?
- What are the effects of ageism on job opportunities?
- What is the impact of LGBTQ+ representation in TV and movies?
- What are the effects of school shootings on politics?
- How do school uniforms affect students?
- What are the impacts of high student debt?
- What are the impacts of body shaming on people?
- What were the lasting impacts of the AIDS epidemic on society?
- What impact does banning abortion have in the United States?
- What has been the impact of marriage equality in the United States?
- What are the causes and effects of noise pollution?
- What are the causes and effects of inflation on the economy?
- What are the effects of TV shows on our behavior?
Sports Cause & Effect Essay Topics
- Examine the effects of exercise on mental health.
- What led to baseball being an iconic American sport?
- What drives people to participate in extreme sports?
- In what ways did globalization affect modern sports?
- What were the effects of doping on amateur and professional sports?
- Select a sport and write about the historical factors that led to the popularization of that sport.
- Describe the ways in which youth sports influence a child’s development.
- What were the driving forces behind the first Olympics?
- How can team sports help develop social skills?
- How have e-sports changed the sporting landscape?
- In what ways do race biases influence sports?
- What are the effects of regular workouts on immunity?
- How does participating in sports affect leadership skills?
- In what ways can sports lead to character development?
- What effect does famous athletes’ social commentary have on their fans?
History Cause & Effect Essay Topics
- What are the effects of the war in Syria on the United States?
- What have been the lasting effects of the Civil Rights Movement?
- What were the causes and effects of the attack on Pearl Harbor?
- What led up to the Berlin Wall being torn down and what effects did that have?
- What lasting impact did 9/11 have on modern American society?
- What were the causes of the Salem Witch Trials?
- What was the cultural impact of the Spanish-American War?
- How has globalization led to modern-day slavery?
- What events led to the fall of the Roman Empire?
- What were the impacts of the Great Depression on women’s employment?
- How did cartels come into existence? What effect have they had on the United States and Mexico?
- What were the causes and effects of the Women’s Liberation Movement?
- Give an example of colonialism in history and name the resulting impact to the affected society.
- What led to the rise of ISIS and what has the impact been on international security?
- What factors led to the Titanic’s sinking?
- What were the causes and effects of the Vietnam War?
- Choose an American president. What led him to become president and what were the effects of his presidency?
Mental Health Cause & Effect Essay Topics
- How can stress affect the immune system?
- How does social anxiety affect young people?
- How can high academic expectations lead to depression?
- What are the effects of divorce on young people?
- How does service in the armed forces lead to post-traumatic stress disorder?
- What are the effects of mindfulness on mental health?
- Describe the ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted mental health.
- How does childhood trauma impact childhood development?
- What impact does witnessing violence have on mental health?
- What is behind increasingly high levels of anxiety in modern American society?
- What are the causes and effects of panic attacks?
- What are the causes and consequences of high stress in the workplace?
- What are some of the causes of insomnia and in what ways does it affect mental health?
- What is the impact of staying home for an extended period of time?
Current Events Cause & Effect Essay Topics
- Choose a local public education campaign. What are the effects of that campaign?
- What are the causes and effects of migration?
- What are the causes and effects of terrorist attacks?
- What are the effects of legalizing genetic engineering research?
- How do low voting rates impact elections and government?
- What is the effect of raising the minimum wage?
- What are the effects of globalization on society?
- How does gerrymandering affect election outcomes?
- What are the causes and effects of police brutality?
- What are the causes and effects of political polarization?
- What are the causes and effects of fake news?
- What are the effects of global war on citizens?
- What is the effect of international aid on poverty or health?
- Why do some countries have nuclear weapons, and what does this mean for other countries?
Education Cause & Effect Essay Topics
- What are the effects of teacher quality on student success?
- What are the causes and effects of student loan debt?
- What are the causes and effects of low graduation rates?
- What are the effects of assigning homework?
- What are the causes and effects of school funding disparities?
- What are the causes and effects of the digital divide in education?
- What is the effect of AI on education?
- What are the causes and effects of student burnout?
- Should students be required to study a foreign language in school, and what are the effects of learning a foreign language?
- What effect has the COVID pandemic had on education?
- What are the effects of same-sex classrooms or schools?
What are your best cause-and-effect essay topics for students? Come exchange ideas in the We Are Teachers HELPLINE group on Facebook.
Plus, check out our list of interesting persuasive essay topics for kids and teens..
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Resources: Discussions and Assignments
Essay assignment: cause-and-effect essay—final draft.
For this assignment, review the feedback posted from your peer review, work your way through the revising and proofreading stages of your writing process, then submit your final version.
Assignment Instructions
- Review the grading rubric as listed on this page.
- Review the feedback from your peer review.
- Work through the revising and proofreading stages of the writing process.
- 3–4 typed, double-spaced pages (about 600–750 words), 12 pt font size, Times New Roman
- MLA formatting
- Submitted as either a .doc, .docx, .rtf file.
- Submit your final version of your Cause-and-Effect Essay as a single file upload.
|
| | | |
Ideas | The paper demonstrates outstanding or above average idea development demonstrating cause and effect. | The writer sufficiently defines the topic, even though development is still basic or general. | __/30 pts |
Content | The paper demonstrates outstanding or above average evidence of supporting the main point. Paragraphs are well-developed and clear, showing how one thing led to another, and why. | The writer demonstrates sufficient support of the main point, but could use more supporting details. | __/30 pts |
Organization | The organization is clear and showcases the central theme. The presentation of information is compelling. | The organizational structure is strong enough to move the reader through the text without too much confusion. | __/30 pts |
Word Choice, Sentence Fluency, Conventions | The writer demonstrates an outstanding word choice selection, flow and cadence, with well-built sentences and strong grasp of standard writing conventions. | The writer demonstrates sufficient selection of words. The text tends to be more mechanical and contains some errors of standard writing conventions. | __/10 pts |
- Provided by : Lumen Learning. Located at : http://lumenlearning.com/ . License : CC BY: Attribution
- Authored by : Daryl Smith O' Hare and Susan C. Hines. Provided by : Chadron State College. Project : Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative. License : CC BY: Attribution
- Authored by : Paul Powell. Provided by : Central Community College. Project : Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative. License : CC BY: Attribution
Cause And Effect Essay Guide
Cause And Effect Essay Outline
How to Create a Cause and Effect Outline - An Easy Guide
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Best Cause and Effect Essay Examples To Get Inspiration + Simple Tips
How To Write A Cause and Effect Essay - Outline & Examples
230+ Cause and Effect Essay Topics to Boost Your Academic Writing
In academic paper writing, students often tackle diverse essay types, including cause and effect essays.
Cause and effect essays act as a gauge for how well students can use logical reasoning to understand the outcomes of different actions.
However, the most crucial element while writing this type of essay is to create an outline.
Many students skip outlining, thinking it's time-consuming. While creating a cause and effect paper outline does take time, it actually saves more time during writing. Following a detailed plan makes the writing process easier, ensuring you don't miss key details and can draft a logical, organized essay.
Follow the steps given in this blog for a perfect outline.
- 1. What is a Cause and Effect Essay Outline?
- 2. Cause and Effect Essay Outline Format
- 3. How to Write a Cause and Effect Essay Outline?
- 4. Cause and Effect Essay Outline Examples
What is a Cause and Effect Essay Outline?
A cause and effect essay outline is a detailed plan of action that students follow throughout the writing process. It is the key factor in writing a successful essay as it provides help in the following ways:
- It is used to organize thoughts logically.
- It makes the writing process easier and saves enough time to proofread.
- It helps the writer concentrate on the main points that need to be described in the essay.
It is not required to write full sentences at this step. Instead, state the ideas and structure them in the right order.
Furthermore, it is important to choose a unique topic before developing an outline. Check out our compiled list of good cause and effect essay topics to grab the reader’s interest.
Cause and Effect Essay Outline Format
Cause and effect essay outline generally follows a five-paragraph format. However, the number of body paragraphs may vary according to the topic and scope of the essay. Typically, the cause and effect essay layout contains an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion.
Here is the complete outline format structure of a cause and effect writing:
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How to Write a Cause and Effect Essay Outline?
Follow the steps below to write an effective cause and effect essay outline.
- Introduction
- Body paragraphs
- Antithesis paragraph
The following is a detailed description of the steps to writing an outline.
Step 1: Cause and Effect Essay Introduction
The introduction is the first section written to give an idea of what your essay is about. It provides background information about the topic under discussion. Similarly, it also discusses the issues and focus of the essay’s main argument, along with its purpose.
Thus, try to give a general idea to the reader with the help of a thesis statement . It is crucial to emphasize how and why the chosen event is relevant to modern life.
For example, if you are writing about the Cold War, state how it is still apparent in global politics.
Furthermore, the essay introduction paragraph includes the following elements.
Start With an Attention Grabber
Start your essay with a relevant, attention-grabbing hook statement. It can be in the form of a sentence, quote, anecdote, rhetorical question, or fact. The primary purpose of such a hook is to attract the audience at the beginning of the paper.
Basic Background Information
Mention some background information on the topic to get a clear picture. It will help readers understand the event and connect with the major argument. Similarly, this element is also used to understand the cause and effect before you start writing.
Thesis Statement
It is the central element while writing an introduction. Its absence will indicate that the essay lacks a focus. It is a statement of 1-2 sentences that briefly describes the major argument of the essay.
Moreover, a writer needs to discuss this idea through all the body paragraphs. Thus, make sure to craft a strong thesis statement that correlates with the outline.
Step 2: Cause and Effect Essay Body Paragraphs
The body paragraphs provide enough details and facts about the causes that led to the effects.
- Begin with topic sentences that indicate the first cause or effect of your topic. Also, brainstorm to describe their importance.
- Each paragraph should discuss a single cause and a single effect. Furthermore, the information must be organized in chronological or reverse order.
- Moreover, it is better to start the body paragraphs by describing causes and presenting the effects later. Analyze both the elements by explaining how and why an effect influenced the events or actions. Make sure that the content relates to the thesis statement and the overall topic.
- Use transitional words to connect the ideas and give relevant examples. Most writers made a common mistake of adding weak and unconvincing causes to reach the word count. As a result, it affects the essay’s credibility.
- Discuss the below elements while writing the body of your cause and effect essay.
Description of the Cause
This part requires the writer to explain the current situation clearly. It will help the reader to understand the primary argument. Thus, it is important to describe the situation in a way that prepares the reader for effect.
For example, if you are writing about the loss of privacy, that will lead to individual freedom. The focus should be on the technologies that affect freedom.
Description of the Effect
It explains to the reader the logical steps that move from cause to effect. It focuses on explaining what the multiple effects are and how we move from cause to effect.
Following the above example, the writer will explain the connection between privacy and freedom.
Explain the Cause and Effect Relationship
Here, a writer must discuss the importance of the findings. It is used to describe the short and long-term results of the effects. Also, suggest the recommendations to tackle the situation along with future prospects.
Step 3: Cause and Effect Essay Antithesis Paragraph
This paragraph will discuss the other side of the issue by identifying the major causes and effects. Also, explain the causes behind choosing a topic and how it will be relevant to modern life.
This way, you can show the logic behind the occurrence of the two variables and their possible causes and effects.
Step 4: Cause and Effect Essay Conclusion
The conclusion paragraph aims to provide a brief summary of your essay. Thus, it should leave the audience with the feeling of completeness and make a final emphasis on the major ideas.
This section requires the writer to show how their perspective of the issue has changed by the following analysis. Also, it should further describe the positive and negative effects of the situation.
The conclusion includes the elements discussed below:
Restate the Thesis Statement
Write a few sentences that connect the body paragraphs with the thesis statement. It must also indicate how this statement has helped in proving the main argument of the essay.
Remind the Audience about the Main Points
Here you describe your general outline in strong and precise sentences. Avoid adding any new information. In case you are writing about a major event that influenced the world, such as global warming.
You should write a call to action and suggest what necessary steps need to be taken to overcome the issue.
Draft a Concluding Sentence
Like a convincing introduction; the conclusion should be catchy and compelling as well. Thus, pay attention to this section while writing a college or university essay.
Describe the research outcomes, along with the importance of the essay’s arguments.
Lastly, check out the examples available online. Consider the structure and vocabulary used by most authors to write a cause and effect essay conclusion.
Refer to the example below to better understand writing a cause and effect essay.
How to Write a Cause and Effect Essay Outline – Example
Cause and Effect Essay Outline Examples
Below are the cause and effect outline examples and samples for you to understand better.
Cause and Effect Essay Outline Template
5 Paragraph Cause and Effect Essay Outline
MLA Format Cause and Effect Essay Outline
Cause and Effect Essay Outline Sample
Cause and Effect Essay Outline on Divorce
Cause and Effect Essay Outline on Global Warming
Smoking Cause and Effect Essay Outline
Obesity Cause and Effect Essay Outline
Cause and Effect Essay Outline for College Students
Cause and Effect Essay Formal Outline
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To Sum it Up! This ultimate writing guide will help you write a perfect cause and effect paper outline.
Nevertheless, not everyone can develop a cause-and-effect chain relationship between variables. Therefore, instead of risking your grades, it is better to seek professional help.
MyPerfectWords.com stands as a professional writing service, poised to support you in your academic writing tasks. In addition to our core writing services, our essay writer service offers a range of free services, including plagiarism reports, editing, and revisions. So place your order now and get your perfect outline in no time!
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Revising the cause-and-effect essay, lesson plan.
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- Grade Levels 8th Grade
- Related Academic Standards CC.1.4.8.B Identify and introduce the topic clearly, including a preview of what is to follow. CC.1.4.8.C Develop and analyze the topic with relevant, well-chosen facts, definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples; include graphics and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension. CC.1.4.8.D Organize ideas, concepts, and information into broader categories; use appropriate and varied transitions to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among ideas and concepts; provide a concluding statement or section; include formatting when useful to aiding comprehension. CC.1.4.8.E Write with an awareness of the stylistic aspects of composition. • Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about or explain the topic. • Use sentences of varying lengths and complexities • Create tone and voice though precise language. • Establish and maintain a formal style. CC.1.4.8.K Write with an awareness of the stylistic aspects of composition. • Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about or explain the topic. • Use sentences of varying lengths and complexities • Create tone and voice though precise language. • Establish and maintain a formal style. CC.1.4.8.Q Write with an awareness of the stylistic aspects of writing. • Use verbs in the active and passive voice and in the conditional and subjunctive mood to achieve particular effect. • Use sentences of varying lengths and complexities • Create tone and voice. though precise language.
- Assessment Anchors E08.C.1 Text Types and Purposes E08.D.2 Knowledge of Language
- Eligible Content E08.C.1.2.4 Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about or explain the topic. E08.C.1.2.6 Provide a concluding section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented. E08.C.1.2.1 Introduce a topic for the intended audience and preview what is to follow; organize ideas, concepts, and information using strategies such as definition, classification, compare/contrast, and cause/effect to support the writer’s purpose. E08.C.1.2.2 Develop the topic with relevant, well-chosen facts, definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples. E08.C.1.2.3 Use appropriate and varied transitions to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among ideas and concepts. E08.D.2.1.1 Use verbs in the active and passive voice and in the conditional and subjunctive mood to achieve particular effects (e.g., emphasizing the actor or the action, expressing uncertainty, or describing a state contrary to fact).
- Competencies
Students will revise the cause-and-effect essay that they drafted in Lesson 2. Students will:
- give and receive constructive feedback in preparation for writing a final draft of the narrative essay.
- cause-and-effect relationships/content development.
- focused thesis.
- clear and relevant topic sentences.
- effective opening and conclusion.
- transitions and organization.
- conventions.
Essential Questions
- What role does writing play in our lives?
- How do we develop into effective writers?
- To what extent does the writing process contribute to the quality of writing?
- How does a writer create narrative, informational and persuasive pieces that respond to topic, purpose and audience?
- Cause and Effect: Cause statements refer to actions and events that have consequences, and effects are the consequences or what happens as a result of the action or event.
- Conditional Mood: Writing that contains a condition, which is often written as an if/then statement (e.g., If I walk the dog, then he will be less antsy.).
- Transitions: words, terms, phrases, and sentence variations used to arrange and signal movement of ideas. For example, because, for, since, consequently, therefore, so that, thus, and in the end are all cause-and-effect transitions.
90–120 minutes/2 class periods
Prerequisite Skills
- copies of guidelines for Revising a Cause-and-Effect Essay ( LW-8-2-3_Guidelines for Revising a Cause-and-Effect Essay.docx ) for each student
- copies of each student’s essay, one for each student in the peer review group
- a set of highlighters in different colors for each student
- copies of Cause-and-Effect Scoring Guideline ( LW-8-2-3_Cause-and-Effect Scoring Guideline.docx )
- copies of Informational Scoring Guidelines ( LW-8-2_Informational Scoring Guidelines 6-8.docx )
- copies of Conditional Mood ( LW-8-2-3_Conditional Mood.docx and LW-8-2-3_Conditional Mood KEY.docx ) for each student
Related Unit and Lesson Plans
- Informative Writing
- Cause and Effect
- Planning and Drafting the Cause-and-Effect Essay
Related Materials & Resources
The possible inclusion of commercial websites below is not an implied endorsement of their products, which are not free, and are not required for this lesson plan.
- “Peer Edit with Perfection.” https://www.readwritethink.org/classroom-resources/lesson-plans/peer-edit-with-perfection-786.html?tab=1#tabs
- “Revising Drafts.” http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/revision.html
Formative Assessment
- The goal of this lesson is to revise, edit, and complete a final draft of a cause-and-effect essay. To assess students’ grasp of the concepts, listen in on the groups as they peer edit and lend assistance where necessary.
- Task-specific scoring guidelines offer specific criteria for evaluating individual work.
- Offer reteaching or examples as needed and provide additional resources for more individual practice.
Suggested Instructional Supports
: | Each student revises a rough draft in preparation for writing a final draft of a cause-and-effect essay. |
: | Students participate in small group revising/editing sessions and use peer responses to improve their essays. |
: | Students use a task-specific rubric to evaluate their own essays and those of their peers in a small-group setting. |
: | Students revise their essays after receiving feedback; students offer feedback on the essays of others in their group. |
: | Students will apply understanding of cause-and-effect relationships in evaluating the work of others and in reviewing the feedback given by their peers. |
: | As students experience the writing process, you may spend more time with students who need additional practice at different stages. Students who might need extra practice with revising and editing may make appointments to conference one-on-one with you. |
: | Students will move from the small-group editing experience to independent evaluation and work on the final draft of their essay. |
Instructional Procedures
Focus Question: How can an essay be effectively revised?
Give each student a copy of the Guidelines for Revising a Cause-and-Effect Essay ( LW-8-2-3_Guidelines for Revising a Cause-and-Effect Essay.docx ) and a set of highlighters. Place students in small groups and explain that they will be giving and receiving feedback on their cause-and-effect essays using these guidelines. Students should also have their completed Cause-and-Effect Outlines available for reference. Tell them they will use the feedback they receive from their group members to write a final draft of the essay.
Explain the purpose of the group evaluation/revision process: to point out weaknesses in the essay so that the writer can strengthen the essay before turning in a final draft. Tell students that they should also point out the strengths of the essay or what they liked most. Explain that their feedback should be specific, not general. For example, instead of saying, “I don’t like your support,” say, “You didn’t provide enough examples,” or “The examples are not specific or convincing.”
Students should first give an overall response to the essay. Then they should use the highlighters to point out specific parts of the essay that need work. A different color highlighter can be assigned to each section of the revision guidelines (e.g., yellow for organization, pink for focus and content, etc.). Make sure that students take plenty of time with this step. Monitor the groups to ensure that they make good progress.
Language Skills Mini-Lesson
When the groups have completed their evaluation/revision, show them how they might make use of the conditional mood in some of the sentences in their cause-and-effect essays.
“Before you begin revising your drafts, let’s look at a sentence structure that may be useful to you in crafting some of your sentences.” Give copies of the Conditional Mood sheet to students ( LW-8-2-3_Conditional Mood.docx and LW-8-2-3_Conditional Mood KEY.docx ).
Read through the first paragraph and two examples with the class. Provide additional examples or ask students to think of additional examples and write them for class viewing. Refer students to the essay they read in an earlier lesson, “The Effects of Being an Athlete,” and then read through the middle section of the worksheet together.
Have students complete the final section of the worksheet, turning sample sentences from the essay into if-clause conditional statements. Have volunteers share their versions, which may vary to some degree.
“You may want to use one or two if-clause conditional statements as you revise your cause-and-effect essay. Be careful not to overuse the conditional mood. Remember that sentence variety is important for keeping your reader interested.”
Tell students that they are now ready to revise their drafts. “As you approach revising your drafts, be sure to make major changes first, such as changing the content or organization. After your content and organization is finalized, then you can correct errors in grammar and conventions. Why should we approach revision this way?” Allow students to respond. “This way, you save time. If you spend an hour fixing the punctuation and then realize you have to completely rewrite several paragraphs, all of your previous grammar and usage changes may be irrelevant. Always start with the big changes, and then work to the smaller ones. This is an effective revision strategy that you should always use.”
Give each student copies of the Cause-and-Effect Scoring Guideline ( LW-8-2-3_Cause-and-Effect Scoring Guideline.docx ) and the Informational Scoring Guidelines ( LW-8-2_Informational Scoring Guidelines 6-8.docx ). You may also use your own rubric if you have one. If this is the case, give students a copy. Explain that these rubrics are what you will use to evaluate the essay. Students should refer to the guidelines as they write their final drafts to make sure that they have included all aspects in their essays.
If time permits, allow students to revise their draft and turn it into you for additional feedback. Then give them one or two evenings to complete a final draft and turn it in.
- Encourage students to publish their essays, either in classroom display or online. (Class Chatter is a free Web site that will allow students to read and comment on each other’s stories. Only those with the teacher-created password will be allowed to read and comment on the posts.)
- Students who need additional opportunities with revising will benefit from seeing an example of a revised/marked-up essay.
- If students have difficulty putting suggested editing comments to work in their revision, schedule individual conferences.
- Students who might require additional practice can read other brief cause-and-effect essays to examine their structure and use of transitions. See “Students’ Cause or Effect Essays—Models,” in Advanced Composition for Non-Native Speakers of English , available at http://www.eslbee.com/cause_effect_essays_models.htm
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Cause & Effect Essay Overview
Cause and effect is a rhetorical style that discusses which events lead to specific results. You may find that you are assigned to write a cause and effect essay for a writing class, but you might also encounter cause and effect assignments in other disciplines. For example, you may be asked to write about the causes for the decline of a particular company in your business class, or you may be asked to write about the causes of the rise in obesity rates in the United States for your nursing class.
A cause and effect essay is structured around the goal of discovering and discussing events that lead to certain results. When writing a cause and effect essay, you should be sure that you have researched the specific causes and are confident that you’re demonstrating why they lead to particular results. You may either concentrate on all causes, effects or a combination of both.
NOTE: It’s important to remember that just because an event occurs before an effect does not mean that they are related. You may be mistaking chronological order for causality, which can lead you to some faulty logic.
LICENSES AND ATTRIBUTIONS
Excelsior Online Writing Lab (OWL). Located at: https://owl.excelsior.edu/ . This site is licensed under a https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ .
ENG102 Contextualized for Health Sciences - OpenSkill Fellowship Copyright © 2022 by Compiled by Lori Walk. All Rights Reserved.
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Cause and Effect Essay Topics
That’s why cause-and-effect essays are one of the most commonly assigned writing assignments in all of academia. They test a student’s ability to draw connections and make logical arguments as well as research abilities and writing skills.
They can be very enjoyable to write if you know the fundamentals of essay writing, understand what this type of essay requires, and choose the right topic. In this article, you’ll get a brief overview of what a cause and effect essay is, tips on how to choose the right topic, and a list of over 150 topics to inspire you!
What is a Cause and Effect Essay?
A cause and effect essay is a writing assignment that asks you to explore the causes of certain events and link them to their outcomes. These types of essays can be focussed on the causes, the effects, or both. They can follow the typical 5 paragraph essay format, or they can have more body paragraphs than usual, depending on the complexity of the topic chosen.
How to Choose a Cause and Effect Essay Topic
Since the entire paper will be about the causes and effects of your topic, choosing the right topic is vitally important for this type of essay. Sometimes teachers give a general theme to follow which makes it easier to choose a specific topic. Having the freedom to choose any topic you want can be daunting but as long as you keep the following points in mind, you’ll find an excellent topic to write about.
- If you’ve been assigned a theme, spend time brainstorming several ideas to get a unique and interesting topic.
- Get ideas about what you want to write about from articles you’ve recently read. This will also give you a headstart on research.
- Take a broad topic and narrow it down to specific issues and relationships.
- The scope of your essay shouldn’t be too broad or too narrow. Think about your word count and choose a topic you can explore properly within that limit.
- You should always have facts and research to back up any claims you’re making, so choose a topic that has credible information available.
- Use personal conversations and experiences to narrow down the list of potential topics.
- Make sure there are a clear cause and effect relationship to explore in your topic.
- Always try and choose a topic that you feel personally interested in. Passion will make the research more enjoyable, make your writing more interesting, and cut down on the amount of time you spend on the assignment.
Cause and Effect Essay Topics List for Students
Cause and effect essay topics for high school.
20 topics for cause and effect essay for high school students related to their experiences and chosen to match the level of complexity expected.
Can student activism cause changes in the world?
What is the impact of growing up a child of divorce?
What are the main causes of anxiety in high school?
What are the effects of having very rich or famous parents?
How does having a messy room impact productivity?
What are the reasons that comic book movies rarely get Academy Awards?
Why is music better today, or why was it better in the past?
Why do students cheat?
What are the effects of playing group sports on social bonding?
What should people do to avoid getting sick?
Can online shopping cause shopping addiction?
Why are some video games more fun than others?
Why are oil spills so bad for marine ecosystems?
Why does weight have such a large impact on self-esteem?
What is the effect of family vacation on family relationships?
Why are people afraid of trying new things?
Why should humans protect endangered species?
How does theoretical physics affect the real world?
What are the long-term effects of vaping?
Is there a connection between bullying culture and school violence?
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Cause and Effect Essay Topics for College Students
Here’s a collection of 20 unique topics for college-level papers that will benefit from research and deep analytical skills.
Why do so many Americans still live in poverty?
What is the impact of underage drinking?
How does fasting impact your overall health?
What would be the difference if an asteroid impacted land or ocean?
Why do we buy so many things we don’t need?
What is the UN doing to combat modern-day slavery?
What is the impact of religious oppression in a country?
Why do sports and physical activity release endorphins?
Why is Japan more technologically advanced than many countries in the world?
How has the internet affected education in remote villages in developing nations?
How did Christianity shape colonialism?
Why is it dangerous not to finish a course of prescription medication?
What are the effects of picture and video apps on self-esteem?
Should standardized testing have such a large impact on a student’s future?
What is the impact of colonialism on modern-day Africa?
What is the impact of distance learning on mental health?
What are the benefits of studying in a group versus studying alone?
Is it possible to date and still be focused on academics?
Do violent movies and video games lead to real-life violence?
What is the impact of being raised in a multi-generational household?
Cause and Effect Essay Topics for Middle School
These 20 topics are perfect for teenagers to think about and should inspire them to write a fantastic essay.
What is the effect of bullying on school culture and school spirit?
Why is it important to think about the environment?
What are the effects of spending time in nature?
What were the causes of World War II?
How has Covid-19 changed your daily routine?
What would happen if everybody did only what they wanted to?
What is the connection between music and mathematics?
How can social media and the internet reduce loneliness?
Why was the invention of the steam engine so important?
Describe a society where people learned to get along with each other.
Should famous people who say or do bad things lose their fans?
Why do countries close to the equator usually have spicy food?
What has been the effect of rap lyrics on poetry?
What are some of the benefits of colonizing Mars?
How do video games affect academic achievement?
What is the role of parental punishment on motivation?
What are the benefits of celebrating holidays from different religions?
What is the fallout from posting an unpopular story on Instagram?
How can you build a successful social media channel?
How does having a fun teacher affect student motivation?
Cause and Effect Essay Topics for Elementary Level
While these types of essays can become very complex, it is important for young children to start understanding the connection between things and exploring causes and effects at an early age. Here are 20 topics perfect for kids!
Why is it important to learn to share?
Why is it important to eat a good breakfast?
What have you learned from your favorite cartoon character?
How does the weather impact your mood?
Why should children get more time to play?
How do you feel after getting a good night’s sleep?
Why should Santa Claus bring you the toys you want?
What would you do if you saw an injured animal?
Why are birthdays important?
Why is riding a bike good for the environment?
How would having a smartphone improve your life?
How does being an older brother or sister make you different?
How does being a younger brother or sister make you different?
Why is it important to learn math?
Do having pets make you more responsible?
What are the effects of bullying on the bully?
What is the impact of your favorite Marvel superhero on the plot of the Marvel Cinematic Universe?
What are the causes and effects of being popular?
Why is littering bad for society?
Why is it important to eat vegetables?
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Cause and Effect Essay Topics Ideas
Fun cause and effect essay topics.
20 good cause and effect essay topics that are just plain fun to think about!
How are esports going to change the future?
What would it be like to give up all social media as a high school student?
Should people with more money be taxed at a higher rate?
Are periodic revolutions good for the progression of society?
How does smiling affect how long you live?
What are the benefits of owning a pet?
What started the domestication of animals by humans?
How has the use of cell phones affected in-person interaction?
What would be the impact on society if people could directly vote for every important issue?
What makes Elon Musk such a magnetic person?
What would the world be like if Facebook never existed?
Why are young people better at gaming than older people?
How is virtual reality going to change entertainment?
Why have science fiction movies become so popular over the last decade?
What responsibilities should social media influencers automatically be aware of?
What was the impact of Star Wars on the film industry?
How did YouTube change the way humans create and consume media?
Would Harry Potter have been less popular if the main character was a woman?
What effect does the language you speak have on the way you think?
What would the impact of raising the minimum wage be?
Easy Cause and Effect Essay Topics
You don’t have to write something too complicated to get a good grade! Here are 20 easy essay topic examples for your paper.
What are the main causes of teenage smoking?
How do school uniforms improve cohesion and morale?
What is the impact of sweet fruit juices on health?
What role does the media have on public opinion?
What are the benefits of traveling abroad?
Do people feel better after crying?
Does using a smartphone right before sleeping negatively impact sleep quality?
Why is it more difficult for immigrants to find a job?
What are the effects of working out too much?
Does online dating make people have lower social skills?
How can improving time management reduce stress?
What is the impact of family stability on academic performance?
How does attending college impact lifelong earning potential?
Why is Google the most popular search engine?
How is carbon dioxide a greenhouse gas?
Why was the #Metoo movement so important?
What are the benefits of reading for pleasure as a child?
How has globalization impacted the role of women in societies?
What are the negative impacts of sound pollution?
How can a single species impact large ecosystems?
Personal Cause and Effect Essay Topics
Go over these 20 essay topics to write an essay that relies more on self reflection and personal growth.
How has your favorite book impacted your life?
Is parenthood always a rewarding experience?
How does being selfish eventually impact oneself negatively?
What are the impacts of optimism on happiness?
How can a single individual make a significant change in the world?
How can meditation improve quality of life?
How has guilt affected your life personally?
How do people do bad things without realizing it?
Why are people afraid of commitment?
How does being in an abusive relationship impact both people?
What is the impact of being a minority on self-identity?
What is the connection between overthinking and depression?
How has the most significant relationship in your life shaped you?
How does getting older impact the ability to learn new things?
Why do people chase a feeling of control?
What are the impacts of living with someone with a mental disorder?
How long does it take to get over a serious breakup?
What are the reasons you want to be rich?
What would make you happy?
What is the best way of using social power?
Interesting Cause and Effect Essay Topics
20 interesting essay topics that will make your essay stand out amongst the crowd.
What are some of the ways the world would have been different if the axis powers won WWII?
Do strikes and protests work effectively for different types of issues?
What would happen to coastal populations if ocean levels increased by 2 meters?
How much do tv shows and movies impact the way people think about other countries?
What has been the impact of rising internet penetration rates in developing countries?
What social care measures should countries implement in the face of catastrophes like Covid-19?
What is the connection between science and religion?
What would you do if you could become president of the world for 1 year?
How do phytoplankton in the ocean impact life on Earth?
Why is going to college an indicator of long-term happiness?
Why are certain video games popular amongst certain groups?
How does someone decide which music genre is their favorite?
How is artificial intelligence going to change the military and therefore the world?
What makes someone exceptional in their chosen field?
What are the most important characteristics of a good boss?
Can escapism be beneficial in situations such as trauma?
Does living together before marriage hurt or harm the long-term relationship?
What effect do different colors have on mood?
Is the continued growth of technology going to make people value in-person events more?
How has the first amendment impacted countries around the world?
Controversial Cause and Effect Essay Topics
Here are 20 controversial topics to think about. Be warned! You’ll have to do really solid research and make your point eloquently.
What was the impact of American foreign policy during the Cold War?
Does stem cell research have the potential to save millions of lives?
How do genetically modified crops impact the human body?
How do increasing temperatures impact rates of transmissible diseases?
How do oil-producing companies and their lobbies impact the search for renewable energy?
How do fashion companies end up employing children in sweatshops?
Can pizza now be considered an American food?
How do kings, queens, or any form of royalty impact the society of a country?
What are some of the negative outcomes of social Darwinism?
Why did the communism of the Soviet Union fail?
What has China’s one-child policy done to advance economic growth in the country?
How have sedition laws been used to censor free speech?
If artificial intelligence develops sentience, should they be given human rights?
How does a bad president impact that country's international reputation?
What are the roots of Russia’s aggressive international policies?
What are the negative impacts of the introduction of nonnative species?
What are the effects of gun regulation laws on murder rates around the world?
Are certain drugs beneficial for psychiatric treatment?
What was the root of the eugenics movement around the world in the early 1900s?
What has the impact of animal testing been on human health?
Final Thoughts
If you want to delve deep into a particular topic and analyze the causes and effects, a cause and effect essay is the perfect choice for you. It can be a fascinating process if you choose the right topic. This article has provided you with 180 topics to consider and guidelines on selecting a topic. If you need any help with coursework writing , research paper writing service , or custom essay writing , Studyfy's team of professional writers and dissertation writing services can guide you in the right direction. Additionally, their essay editing and proofreading services can help you improve your essay and make it stand out. Choose Studyfy, the best essay service , to help you achieve academic success.
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Cause and Effect Essay - English - 30 Multiple Choice, Answers - 8th grades, 11 pages
Subject: English
Age range: 11-14
Resource type: Worksheet/Activity
Last updated
29 August 2024
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Welcome, 8th graders and higher grades, to an exciting journey into the world of writing! In this activity, we’ll explore the art of crafting a “Cause and Effect Essay” , which is a type of writing that allows you to investigate and explain the reasons behind events or actions and their subsequent consequences.
Why do certain things happen, and what happens because of them? That’s what this 11 page activity is all about—discovering the connections and patterns in our world in one hour.
During this 30 Multiple Choice activity, you will learn the essential elements of a Cause and Effect Essay, how to structure it effectively, and how to use transitional words to guide your readers through the causal relationships. You’ll also explore common mistakes to avoid and techniques to make your essay compelling and insightful thanks to the Answers included.
By the end of this English activity, you’ll be well-equipped to write your own Cause and Effect Essays and impress your teachers with your writing skills. Let’s dive in!
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Acupuncture: Effectiveness and Safety
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Acupuncture is a technique in which practitioners insert fine needles into the skin to treat health problems. The needles may be manipulated manually or stimulated with small electrical currents (electroacupuncture). Acupuncture has been in use in some form for at least 2,500 years. It originated from traditional Chinese medicine but has gained popularity worldwide since the 1970s.
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According to the World Health Organization, acupuncture is used in 103 of 129 countries that reported data.
In the United States, data from the National Health Interview Survey show that the use of acupuncture by U.S. adults more than doubled between 2002 and 2022. In 2002, 1.0 percent of U.S. adults used acupuncture; in 2022, 2.2 percent used it.
.header_greentext{color:green!important;font-size:24px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_bluetext{color:blue!important;font-size:18px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_redtext{color:red!important;font-size:28px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_darkred{color:#803d2f!important;font-size:28px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_purpletext{color:purple!important;font-size:31px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_yellowtext{color:yellow!important;font-size:20px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_blacktext{color:black!important;font-size:22px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_whitetext{color:white!important;font-size:22px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_darkred{color:#803d2f!important;}.Green_Header{color:green!important;font-size:24px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.Blue_Header{color:blue!important;font-size:18px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.Red_Header{color:red!important;font-size:28px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.Purple_Header{color:purple!important;font-size:31px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.Yellow_Header{color:yellow!important;font-size:20px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.Black_Header{color:black!important;font-size:22px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.White_Header{color:white!important;font-size:22px!important;font-weight:500!important;} What is acupuncture used for?
National survey data indicate that in the United States, acupuncture is most commonly used for pain, such as back, joint, or neck pain.
.header_greentext{color:green!important;font-size:24px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_bluetext{color:blue!important;font-size:18px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_redtext{color:red!important;font-size:28px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_darkred{color:#803d2f!important;font-size:28px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_purpletext{color:purple!important;font-size:31px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_yellowtext{color:yellow!important;font-size:20px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_blacktext{color:black!important;font-size:22px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_whitetext{color:white!important;font-size:22px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_darkred{color:#803d2f!important;}.Green_Header{color:green!important;font-size:24px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.Blue_Header{color:blue!important;font-size:18px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.Red_Header{color:red!important;font-size:28px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.Purple_Header{color:purple!important;font-size:31px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.Yellow_Header{color:yellow!important;font-size:20px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.Black_Header{color:black!important;font-size:22px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.White_Header{color:white!important;font-size:22px!important;font-weight:500!important;} How does acupuncture work scientifically?
How acupuncture works is not fully understood. However, there’s evidence that acupuncture may have effects on the nervous system, effects on other body tissues, and nonspecific (placebo) effects.
- Studies in animals and people, including studies that used imaging methods to see what’s happening in the brain, have shown that acupuncture may affect nervous system function.
- Acupuncture may have direct effects on the tissues where the needles are inserted. This type of effect has been seen in connective tissue.
- Acupuncture has nonspecific effects (effects due to incidental aspects of a treatment rather than its main mechanism of action). Nonspecific effects may be due to the patient’s belief in the treatment, the relationship between the practitioner and the patient, or other factors not directly caused by the insertion of needles. In many studies, the benefit of acupuncture has been greater when it was compared with no treatment than when it was compared with sham (simulated or fake) acupuncture procedures, such as the use of a device that pokes the skin but does not penetrate it. These findings suggest that nonspecific effects contribute to the beneficial effect of acupuncture on pain or other symptoms.
- In recent research, a nonspecific effect was demonstrated in a unique way: Patients who had experienced pain relief during a previous acupuncture session were shown a video of that session and asked to imagine the treatment happening again. This video-guided imagery technique had a significant pain-relieving effect.
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Research has shown that acupuncture may be helpful for several pain conditions, including back or neck pain, knee pain associated with osteoarthritis, and postoperative pain. It may also help relieve joint pain associated with the use of aromatase inhibitors, which are drugs used in people with breast cancer.
An analysis of data from 20 studies (6,376 participants) of people with painful conditions (back pain, osteoarthritis, neck pain, or headaches) showed that the beneficial effects of acupuncture continued for a year after the end of treatment for all conditions except neck pain.
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- In a 2018 review, data from 12 studies (8,003 participants) showed acupuncture was more effective than no treatment for back or neck pain, and data from 10 studies (1,963 participants) showed acupuncture was more effective than sham acupuncture. The difference between acupuncture and no treatment was greater than the difference between acupuncture and sham acupuncture. The pain-relieving effect of acupuncture was comparable to that of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
- A 2017 clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians included acupuncture among the nondrug options recommended as first-line treatment for chronic low-back pain. Acupuncture is also one of the treatment options recommended for acute low-back pain. The evidence favoring acupuncture for acute low-back pain was judged to be of low quality, and the evidence for chronic low-back pain was judged to be of moderate quality.
For more information, see the NCCIH webpage on low-back pain .
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- In a 2018 review, data from 10 studies (2,413 participants) showed acupuncture was more effective than no treatment for osteoarthritis pain, and data from 9 studies (2,376 participants) showed acupuncture was more effective than sham acupuncture. The difference between acupuncture and no treatment was greater than the difference between acupuncture and sham acupuncture. Most of the participants in these studies had knee osteoarthritis, but some had hip osteoarthritis. The pain-relieving effect of acupuncture was comparable to that of NSAIDs.
- A 2018 review evaluated 6 studies (413 participants) of acupuncture for hip osteoarthritis. Two of the studies compared acupuncture with sham acupuncture and found little or no difference between them in terms of effects on pain. The other four studies compared acupuncture with a variety of other treatments and could not easily be compared with one another. However, one of the trials indicated that the addition of acupuncture to routine care by a physician may improve pain and function in patients with hip osteoarthritis.
- A 2019 clinical practice guideline from the American College of Rheumatology and the Arthritis Foundation conditionally recommends acupuncture for osteoarthritis of the knee, hip, or hand. The guideline states that the greatest number of studies showing benefits have been for knee osteoarthritis.
For more information, see the NCCIH webpage on osteoarthritis .
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- A 2020 review of nine studies that compared acupuncture with various drugs for preventing migraine found that acupuncture was slightly more effective, and study participants who received acupuncture were much less likely than those receiving drugs to drop out of studies because of side effects.
- There’s moderate-quality evidence that acupuncture may reduce the frequency of migraines (from a 2016 evaluation of 22 studies with almost 5,000 people). The evidence from these studies also suggests that acupuncture may be better than sham acupuncture, but the difference is small. There is moderate- to low-quality evidence that acupuncture may reduce the frequency of tension headaches (from a 2016 evaluation of 12 studies with about 2,350 people).
For more information, see the NCCIH webpage on headache .
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- Myofascial pain syndrome is a common form of pain derived from muscles and their related connective tissue (fascia). It involves tender nodules called “trigger points.” Pressing on these nodules reproduces the patient’s pattern of pain.
- A combined analysis of a small number of studies of acupuncture for myofascial pain syndrome showed that acupuncture applied to trigger points had a favorable effect on pain intensity (5 studies, 215 participants), but acupuncture applied to traditional acupuncture points did not (4 studies, 80 participants).
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- Sciatica involves pain, weakness, numbness, or tingling in the leg, usually on one side of the body, caused by damage to or pressure on the sciatic nerve—a nerve that starts in the lower back and runs down the back of each leg.
- Two 2015 evaluations of the evidence, one including 12 studies with 1,842 total participants and the other including 11 studies with 962 total participants, concluded that acupuncture may be helpful for sciatica pain, but the quality of the research is not good enough to allow definite conclusions to be reached.
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- A 2016 evaluation of 11 studies of pain after surgery (with a total of 682 participants) found that patients treated with acupuncture or related techniques 1 day after surgery had less pain and used less opioid pain medicine after the operation.
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- A 2016 review of 20 studies (1,639 participants) indicated that acupuncture was not more effective in relieving cancer pain than conventional drug therapy. However, there was some evidence that acupuncture plus drug therapy might be better than drug therapy alone.
- A 2017 review of 5 studies (181 participants) of acupuncture for aromatase inhibitor-induced joint pain in breast cancer patients concluded that 6 to 8 weeks of acupuncture treatment may help reduce the pain. However, the individual studies only included small numbers of women and used a variety of acupuncture techniques and measurement methods, so they were difficult to compare.
- A larger 2018 study included 226 women with early-stage breast cancer who were taking aromatase inhibitors. The study found that the women who received 6 weeks of acupuncture treatment, given twice each week, reported less joint pain than the participants who received sham or no acupuncture.
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- Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome is a condition in men that involves inflammation of or near the prostate gland; its cause is uncertain.
- A review of 3 studies (204 total participants) suggested that acupuncture may reduce prostatitis symptoms, compared with a sham procedure. Because follow-up of the study participants was relatively brief and the numbers of studies and participants were small, a definite conclusion cannot be reached about acupuncture’s effects.
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- A 2019 review of 41 studies (3,440 participants) showed that acupuncture was no more effective than sham acupuncture for symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome, but there was some evidence that acupuncture could be helpful when used in addition to other forms of treatment.
For more information, see the NCCIH webpage on irritable bowel syndrome .
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- A 2019 review of 12 studies (824 participants) of people with fibromyalgia indicated that acupuncture was significantly better than sham acupuncture for relieving pain, but the evidence was of low-to-moderate quality.
For more information, see the NCCIH webpage on fibromyalgia .
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In addition to pain conditions, acupuncture has also been studied for at least 50 other health problems. There is evidence that acupuncture may help relieve seasonal allergy symptoms, stress incontinence in women, and nausea and vomiting associated with cancer treatment. It may also help relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life in people with asthma, but it has not been shown to improve lung function.
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- A 2015 evaluation of 13 studies of acupuncture for allergic rhinitis, involving a total of 2,365 participants, found evidence that acupuncture may help relieve nasal symptoms. The study participants who received acupuncture also had lower medication scores (meaning that they used less medication to treat their symptoms) and lower blood levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), a type of antibody associated with allergies.
- A 2014 clinical practice guideline from the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery included acupuncture among the options health care providers may offer to patients with allergic rhinitis.
For more information, see the NCCIH webpage on seasonal allergies .
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- Stress incontinence is a bladder control problem in which movement—coughing, sneezing, laughing, or physical activity—puts pressure on the bladder and causes urine to leak.
- In a 2017 study of about 500 women with stress incontinence, participants who received electroacupuncture treatment (18 sessions over 6 weeks) had reduced urine leakage, with about two-thirds of the women having a decrease in leakage of 50 percent or more. This was a rigorous study that met current standards for avoiding bias.
.header_greentext{color:green!important;font-size:24px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_bluetext{color:blue!important;font-size:18px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_redtext{color:red!important;font-size:28px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_darkred{color:#803d2f!important;font-size:28px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_purpletext{color:purple!important;font-size:31px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_yellowtext{color:yellow!important;font-size:20px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_blacktext{color:black!important;font-size:22px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_whitetext{color:white!important;font-size:22px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_darkred{color:#803d2f!important;}.Green_Header{color:green!important;font-size:24px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.Blue_Header{color:blue!important;font-size:18px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.Red_Header{color:red!important;font-size:28px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.Purple_Header{color:purple!important;font-size:31px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.Yellow_Header{color:yellow!important;font-size:20px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.Black_Header{color:black!important;font-size:22px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.White_Header{color:white!important;font-size:22px!important;font-weight:500!important;} Treatment-Related Nausea and Vomiting in Cancer Patients
- Experts generally agree that acupuncture is helpful for treatment-related nausea and vomiting in cancer patients, but this conclusion is based primarily on research conducted before current guidelines for treating these symptoms were adopted. It’s uncertain whether acupuncture is beneficial when used in combination with current standard treatments for nausea and vomiting.
For more information, see the NCCIH webpage on cancer .
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- In a study conducted in Germany in 2017, 357 participants receiving routine asthma care were randomly assigned to receive or not receive acupuncture, and an additional 1,088 people who received acupuncture for asthma were also studied. Adding acupuncture to routine care was associated with better quality of life compared to routine care alone.
- A review of 9 earlier studies (777 participants) showed that adding acupuncture to conventional asthma treatment improved symptoms but not lung function.
For more information, see the NCCIH webpage on asthma .
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- A 2018 review of 64 studies (7,104 participants) of acupuncture for depression indicated that acupuncture may result in a moderate reduction in the severity of depression when compared with treatment as usual or no treatment. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution because most of the studies were of low or very low quality.
For more information, see the NCCIH webpage on depression .
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- In recommendations on smoking cessation treatment issued in 2021, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, a panel of experts that makes evidence-based recommendations about disease prevention, did not make a recommendation about the use of acupuncture as a stop-smoking treatment because only limited evidence was available. This decision was based on a 2014 review of 9 studies (1,892 participants) that looked at the effect of acupuncture on smoking cessation results for 6 months or more and found no significant benefit. Some studies included in that review showed evidence of a possible small benefit of acupuncture on quitting smoking for shorter periods of time.
For more information, see the NCCIH webpage on quitting smoking .
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- A 2021 review evaluated 6 studies (2,507 participants) that compared the effects of acupuncture versus sham acupuncture on the success of in vitro fertilization as a treatment for infertility. No difference was found between the acupuncture and sham acupuncture groups in rates of pregnancy or live birth.
- A 2020 review evaluated 12 studies (1,088 participants) on the use of acupuncture to improve sperm quality in men who had low sperm numbers and low sperm motility. The reviewers concluded that the evidence was inadequate for firm conclusions to be drawn because of the varied design of the studies and the poor quality of some of them.
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- A 2018 review of 12 studies with 869 participants concluded that acupuncture and laser acupuncture (a treatment that uses lasers instead of needles) may have little or no effect on carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms in comparison with sham acupuncture. It’s uncertain how the effects of acupuncture compare with those of other treatments for this condition.
- In a 2017 study not included in the review described above, 80 participants with carpal tunnel syndrome were randomly assigned to one of three interventions: (1) electroacupuncture to the more affected hand; (2) electroacupuncture at “distal” body sites, near the ankle opposite to the more affected hand; and (3) local sham electroacupuncture using nonpenetrating placebo needles. All three interventions reduced symptom severity, but local and distal acupuncture were better than sham acupuncture at producing desirable changes in the wrist and the brain.
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- A 2018 review of studies of acupuncture for vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause (hot flashes and related symptoms such as night sweats) analyzed combined evidence from an earlier review of 15 studies (1,127 participants) and 4 newer studies (696 additional participants). The analysis showed that acupuncture was better than no acupuncture at reducing the frequency and severity of symptoms. However, acupuncture was not shown to be better than sham acupuncture.
For more information, see the NCCIH webpage on menopause .
.header_greentext{color:green!important;font-size:24px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_bluetext{color:blue!important;font-size:18px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_redtext{color:red!important;font-size:28px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_darkred{color:#803d2f!important;font-size:28px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_purpletext{color:purple!important;font-size:31px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_yellowtext{color:yellow!important;font-size:20px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_blacktext{color:black!important;font-size:22px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_whitetext{color:white!important;font-size:22px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.header_darkred{color:#803d2f!important;}.Green_Header{color:green!important;font-size:24px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.Blue_Header{color:blue!important;font-size:18px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.Red_Header{color:red!important;font-size:28px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.Purple_Header{color:purple!important;font-size:31px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.Yellow_Header{color:yellow!important;font-size:20px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.Black_Header{color:black!important;font-size:22px!important;font-weight:500!important;}.White_Header{color:white!important;font-size:22px!important;font-weight:500!important;} What is auricular acupuncture good for?
- Auricular acupuncture is a type of acupuncture that involves stimulating specific areas of the ear.
- In a 2019 review of 15 studies (930 participants) of auricular acupuncture or auricular acupressure (a form of auricular therapy that does not involve penetration with needles), the treatment significantly reduced pain intensity, and 80 percent of the individual studies showed favorable effects on various measures related to pain.
- A 2020 review of 9 studies (783 participants) of auricular acupuncture for cancer pain showed that auricular acupuncture produced better pain relief than sham auricular acupuncture. Also, pain relief was better with a combination of auricular acupuncture and drug therapy than with drug therapy alone.
- An inexpensive, easily learned form of auricular acupuncture called “battlefield acupuncture” has been used by the U.S. Department of Defense and Department of Veterans Affairs to treat pain. However, a 2021 review of 9 studies (692 participants) of battlefield acupuncture for pain in adults did not find any significant improvement in pain when this technique was compared with no treatment, usual care, delayed treatment, or sham battlefield acupuncture.
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- Relatively few complications from using acupuncture have been reported. However, complications have resulted from use of nonsterile needles and improper delivery of treatments.
- When not delivered properly, acupuncture can cause serious adverse effects, including infections, punctured organs, and injury to the central nervous system.
- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates acupuncture needles as medical devices and requires that they be sterile and labeled for single use only.
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- Some health insurance policies cover acupuncture, but others don’t. Coverage is often limited based on the condition being treated.
- An analysis of data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, a nationally representative U.S. survey, showed that the share of adult acupuncturist visits with any insurance coverage increased from 41.1 percent in 2010–2011 to 50.2 percent in 2018–2019.
- Medicare covers acupuncture only for the treatment of chronic low-back pain. Coverage began in 2020. Up to 12 acupuncture visits are covered, with an additional 8 visits available if the first 12 result in improvement. Medicaid coverage of acupuncture varies from state to state.
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- Most states license acupuncturists, but the requirements for licensing vary from state to state. To find out more about licensing of acupuncturists and other complementary health practitioners, visit the NCCIH webpage Credentialing, Licensing, and Education .
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NCCIH funds research to evaluate acupuncture’s effectiveness for various kinds of pain and other conditions and to further understand how the body responds to acupuncture and how acupuncture might work. Some recent NCCIH-supported studies involve:
- Evaluating the feasibility of using acupuncture in hospital emergency departments.
- Testing whether the effect of acupuncture on chronic low-back pain can be enhanced by combining it with transcranial direct current stimulation.
- Evaluating a portable acupuncture-based nerve stimulation treatment for anxiety disorders.
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- Don’t use acupuncture to postpone seeing a health care provider about a health problem.
- Take charge of your health—talk with your health care providers about any complementary health approaches you use. Together, you can make shared, well-informed decisions.
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Nccih clearinghouse.
The NCCIH Clearinghouse provides information on NCCIH and complementary and integrative health approaches, including publications and searches of Federal databases of scientific and medical literature. The Clearinghouse does not provide medical advice, treatment recommendations, or referrals to practitioners.
Toll-free in the U.S.: 1-888-644-6226
Telecommunications relay service (TRS): 7-1-1
Website: https://www.nccih.nih.gov
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Know the Science
NCCIH and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) provide tools to help you understand the basics and terminology of scientific research so you can make well-informed decisions about your health. Know the Science features a variety of materials, including interactive modules, quizzes, and videos, as well as links to informative content from Federal resources designed to help consumers make sense of health information.
Explaining How Research Works (NIH)
Know the Science: How To Make Sense of a Scientific Journal Article
Understanding Clinical Studies (NIH)
A service of the National Library of Medicine, PubMed® contains publication information and (in most cases) brief summaries of articles from scientific and medical journals. For guidance from NCCIH on using PubMed, see How To Find Information About Complementary Health Approaches on PubMed .
Website: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
NIH Clinical Research Trials and You
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has created a website, NIH Clinical Research Trials and You, to help people learn about clinical trials, why they matter, and how to participate. The site includes questions and answers about clinical trials, guidance on how to find clinical trials through ClinicalTrials.gov and other resources, and stories about the personal experiences of clinical trial participants. Clinical trials are necessary to find better ways to prevent, diagnose, and treat diseases.
Website: https://www.nih.gov/health-information/nih-clinical-research-trials-you
Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures & Results (RePORTER)
RePORTER is a database of information on federally funded scientific and medical research projects being conducted at research institutions.
Website: https://reporter.nih.gov
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- Befus D, Coeytaux RR, Goldstein KM, et al. Management of menopause symptoms with acupuncture: an umbrella systematic review and meta-analysis . Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2018;24(4):314-323.
- Bleck R, Marquez E, Gold MA, et al. A scoping review of acupuncture insurance coverage in the United States . Acupuncture in Medicine. 2020;964528420964214.
- Briggs JP, Shurtleff D. Acupuncture and the complex connections between the mind and the body. JAMA. 2017;317(24):2489-2490.
- Brinkhaus B, Roll S, Jena S, et al. Acupuncture in patients with allergic asthma: a randomized pragmatic trial. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2017;23(4):268-277.
- Chan MWC, Wu XY, Wu JCY, et al. Safety of acupuncture: overview of systematic reviews. Scientific Reports. 2017;7(1):3369.
- Coyle ME, Stupans I, Abdel-Nour K, et al. Acupuncture versus placebo acupuncture for in vitro fertilisation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acupuncture in Medicine. 2021;39(1):20-29.
- Hershman DL, Unger JM, Greenlee H, et al. Effect of acupuncture vs sham acupuncture or waitlist control on joint pain related to aromatase inhibitors among women with early-stage breast cancer: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2018;320(2):167-176.
- Linde K, Allais G, Brinkhaus B, et al. Acupuncture for the prevention of episodic migraine. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016;(6):CD001218. Accessed at cochranelibrary.com on February 12, 2021.
- Linde K, Allais G, Brinkhaus B, et al. Acupuncture for the prevention of tension-type headache. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016;(4):CD007587. Accessed at cochranelibrary.com on February 12, 2021.
- MacPherson H, Vertosick EA, Foster NE, et al. The persistence of the effects of acupuncture after a course of treatment: a meta-analysis of patients with chronic pain . Pain. 2017;158(5):784-793.
- Qaseem A, Wilt TJ, McLean RM, et al. Noninvasive treatments for acute, subacute, and chronic low back pain: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2017;166(7):514-530.
- Seidman MD, Gurgel RK, Lin SY, et al. Clinical practice guideline: allergic rhinitis. Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery. 2015;152(suppl 1):S1-S43.
- Vickers AJ, Vertosick EA, Lewith G, et al. Acupuncture for chronic pain: update of an individual patient data meta-analysis . The Journal of Pain. 2018;19(5):455-474.
- White AR, Rampes H, Liu JP, et al. Acupuncture and related interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014;(1):CD000009. Accessed at cochranelibrary.com on February 17, 2021.
- Zia FZ, Olaku O, Bao T, et al. The National Cancer Institute’s conference on acupuncture for symptom management in oncology: state of the science, evidence, and research gaps. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs. 2017;2017(52):lgx005.
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- Adams D, Cheng F, Jou H, et al. The safety of pediatric acupuncture: a systematic review. Pediatrics. 2011;128(6):e1575-1587.
- Candon M, Nielsen A, Dusek JA. Trends in insurance coverage for acupuncture, 2010-2019. JAMA Network Open. 2022;5(1):e2142509.
- Cao J, Tu Y, Orr SP, et al. Analgesic effects evoked by real and imagined acupuncture: a neuroimaging study. Cerebral Cortex. 2019;29(8):3220-3231.
- Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Decision Memo for Acupuncture for Chronic Low Back Pain (CAG-00452N). Accessed at https://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/details/nca-decision-memo.aspx?NCAId=295 on June 25, 2021.
- Chen L, Lin C-C, Huang T-W, et al. Effect of acupuncture on aromatase inhibitor-induced arthralgia in patients with breast cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials . The Breast. 2017;33:132-138.
- Choi G-H, Wieland LS, Lee H, et al. Acupuncture and related interventions for the treatment of symptoms associated with carpal tunnel syndrome. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018;(12):CD011215. Accessed at cochranelibrary.com on January 28, 2021.
- Cui J, Wang S, Ren J, et al. Use of acupuncture in the USA: changes over a decade (2002–2012). Acupuncture in Medicine. 2017;35(3):200-207.
- Federman DG, Zeliadt SB, Thomas ER, et al. Battlefield acupuncture in the Veterans Health Administration: effectiveness in individual and group settings for pain and pain comorbidities. Medical Acupuncture. 2018;30(5):273-278.
- Feng S, Han M, Fan Y, et al. Acupuncture for the treatment of allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy. 2015;29(1):57-62.
- Franco JV, Turk T, Jung JH, et al. Non-pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018;(5):CD012551. Accessed at cochranelibrary.com on January 28, 2021.
- Freeman MP, Fava M, Lake J, et al. Complementary and alternative medicine in major depressive disorder: the American Psychiatric Association task force report. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry . 2010;71(6):669-681.
- Giovanardi CM, Cinquini M, Aguggia M, et al. Acupuncture vs. pharmacological prophylaxis of migraine: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in Neurology. 2020;11:576272.
- Hu C, Zhang H, Wu W, et al. Acupuncture for pain management in cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2016;2016;1720239.
- Jiang C, Jiang L, Qin Q. Conventional treatments plus acupuncture for asthma in adults and adolescent: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine . 2019;2019:9580670.
- Ji M, Wang X, Chen M, et al. The efficacy of acupuncture for the treatment of sciatica: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2015;2015:192808.
- Kaptchuk TJ. Acupuncture: theory, efficacy, and practice. Annals of Internal Medicine . 2002;136(5):374-383.
- Kolasinski SL, Neogi T, Hochberg MC, et al. 2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation guideline for the management of osteoarthritis of the hand, hip, and knee. Arthritis Care & Research. 2020;72(2):149-162.
- Langevin H. Fascia mobility, proprioception, and myofascial pain. Life. 2021;11(7):668.
- Liu Z, Liu Y, Xu H, et al. Effect of electroacupuncture on urinary leakage among women with stress urinary incontinence: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2017;317(24):2493-2501.
- MacPherson H, Hammerschlag R, Coeytaux RR, et al. Unanticipated insights into biomedicine from the study of acupuncture. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2016;22(2):101-107.
- Maeda Y, Kim H, Kettner N, et al. Rewiring the primary somatosensory cortex in carpal tunnel syndrome with acupuncture. Brain. 2017;140(4):914-927.
- Manheimer E, Cheng K, Wieland LS, et al. Acupuncture for hip osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018;(5):CD013010. Accessed at cochranelibrary.com on February 17, 2021.
- Moura CC, Chaves ECL, Cardoso ACLR, et al. Auricular acupuncture for chronic back pain in adults: a systematic review and metanalysis. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da U S P. 2019;53:e03461.
- Nahin RL, Rhee A, Stussman B. Use of complementary health approaches overall and for pain management by US adults. JAMA. 2024;331(7):613-615.
- Napadow V. Neuroimaging somatosensory and therapeutic alliance mechanisms supporting acupuncture. Medical Acupuncture. 2020;32(6):400-402.
- Patnode CD, Henderson JT, Coppola EL, et al. Interventions for tobacco cessation in adults, including pregnant persons: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2021;325(3):280-298.
- Qin Z, Liu X, Wu J, et al. Effectiveness of acupuncture for treating sciatica: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2015;2015;425108.
- Smith CA, Armour M, Lee MS, et al. Acupuncture for depression. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018;(3):CD004046. Accessed at cochranelibrary.com on January 20, 2021.
- US Preventive Services Task Force. Interventions for tobacco smoking cessation in adults, including pregnant persons. US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021;325(3):265-279.
- Vase L, Baram S, Takakura N, et al. Specifying the nonspecific components of acupuncture analgesia. Pain. 2013;154(9):1659-1667.
- Wang R, Li X, Zhou S, et al. Manual acupuncture for myofascial pain syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acupuncture in Medicine. 2017;35(4):241-250.
- World Health Organization. WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy: 2014–2023. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2013. Accessed at https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241506096 on February 2, 2021.
- Wu M-S, Chen K-H, Chen I-F, et al. The efficacy of acupuncture in post-operative pain management: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2016;11(3):e0150367.
- Xu S, Wang L, Cooper E, et al. Adverse events of acupuncture: a systematic review of case reports. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013;2013:581203.
- Yang J, Ganesh R, Wu Q, et al. Battlefield acupuncture for adult pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 2021;49(1):25-40.
- Yang Y, Wen J, Hong J. The effects of auricular therapy for cancer pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2020;2020:1618767.
- Yeh CH, Morone NE, Chien L-C, et al. Auricular point acupressure to manage chronic low back pain in older adults: a randomized controlled pilot study. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2014;2014;375173.
- You F, Ruan L, Zeng L, et al. Efficacy and safety of acupuncture for the treatment of oligoasthenozoospermia: a systematic review. Andrologia. 2020;52(1):e13415.
- Zhang X-C, Chen H, Xu W-T, et al. Acupuncture therapy for fibromyalgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Pain Research. 2019;12:527-542.
- Zheng H, Chen R, Zhao X, et al. Comparison between the effects of acupuncture relative to other controls on irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis. Pain Research and Management. 2019;2019:2871505.
Acknowledgments
NCCIH thanks Pete Murray, Ph.D., David Shurtleff, Ph.D., and Helene M. Langevin, M.D., NCCIH for their review of the 2022 update of this fact sheet.
This publication is not copyrighted and is in the public domain. Duplication is encouraged.
NCCIH has provided this material for your information. It is not intended to substitute for the medical expertise and advice of your health care provider(s). We encourage you to discuss any decisions about treatment or care with your health care provider. The mention of any product, service, or therapy is not an endorsement by NCCIH.
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Words and phrases such as "because," "as a result," "therefore," and "consequently" can help signal the cause and effect relationships in your writing. 5. Proofreading and Editing. After completing the initial draft of your essay, take the time to thoroughly proofread and edit your work. Look out for any grammar, spelling, or ...
A cause and effect essay typically consists of several key elements that help to establish a clear structure. These elements include an introduction, a thesis statement, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. By carefully organizing and structuring these elements, you can create a coherent and logical flow of ideas throughout your essay. ...
Cause and Effect Essay Outline. A cause and effect essay outline consists of a minimum of four sections - an introduction, at least two body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Each section, in turn, consists of several parts, and their contents vary depending on what pattern - block or chain - you choose. Let's start with a block structure.
What is a cause and effect essay? A cause and effect essay is a type of expository essay that explores its topic by discussing the issue's causes and consequences. For example, a cause and effect essay about deforestation's role in climate change might discuss a few of deforestation's specific causes, like a demand for wood and the clearing of land for grazing pastures, and then explain ...
Cause #1. Cause #2. Cause #3 (and so on…) The effect of the causes. Conclusion. 2. One cause, many effects. This type of cause and effect essay is constructed to show the various effects of a particular event, problem, or decision. Once again, you will have to demonstrate your comprehensive knowledge and analytical mastery of the field.
Choose a compelling topic. Before diving into the process of writing a cause and effect essay, it is crucial to choose a topic that is both compelling and interesting. The topic you select will determine the direction and focus of your essay, so it is important to choose carefully. When selecting a topic, consider something that is relatable ...
Cause and Effect Essay Outline. Creating an effective cause and effect essay begins with a well-structured outline. This roadmap helps you organize your thoughts, maintain a logical flow, and ensure that your essay effectively conveys the causal relationships between events. Below, we'll outline the key components of the essay along with examples:
Additionally, review the content for clarity, coherence, and flow. Peer Review: Seek feedback from a peer or someone familiar with the topic to gain an outside perspective. They can help identify any areas that need improvement. Stay Focused: Avoid going off-topic or including irrelevant information.
Focus on one cause and its effect or a cause leading to several effects, and vice versa. Support your arguments with solid evidence and examples, enhancing credibility and reader interest. Start each section by introducing the cause or effect. This establishes a clear direction. Then, succinctly explain the relationship.
A cause and effect essay looks at the reasons (or causes) for something, then discusses the results (or effects). For this reason, cause and effect essays are sometimes referred to as reason and result essays. They are one of the most common forms of organisation in academic writing. Sometimes the whole essay will be cause and effect, though ...
Cause And Effect Essay Structure. Introduction: Hook: Start with an attention-grabbing statement or question to engage the reader. Background Information: Provide context and background information on the topic. Thesis Statement: Clearly state the main causes and effects you will discuss in your essay. Body Paragraphs: Paragraph 1: Introduction to Causes Topic Sentence: Introduce the first ...
1. Choosing the appropriate structure for your essay: A cause and effect essay has two main structures: the block and the chain. The block structure lists all the causes first, then all the effects. The chain structure, on the other hand, lists each cause and its effect in the order they happened.
A cause-and-effect essay is a type of expository essay that focuses on identifying the various causes and effects of a topic (problem) and explaining the detailed relationships between them. This type of academic writing basically focuses on the relationship between the causes (reasons) and effects (results) of a problematic scenario or trend. ...
Explain the Cause and cause-and-effect relationship. Transition to the next effect relating to this paragraph Cause 2 Effect 2 Support of Thesis Topic sentence (indicates causes, effects, or both) Cause 2 (detailed explanation with examples) effect 2 (detailed explanation with examples) Explain the Cause and cause-and-effect relationship.
Step 1: Choose the Essay Topic. Begin by choosing a topic that has significance and relevance. Look for subjects with clear cause-and-effect relationships to ensure your essay has a solid foundation. Consider both personal interests and the potential appeal to your target audience.
A cause and effect essay is a type of essay that explores how an event came into being and what transpires because of that event. We guide you through writing one with examples.
137 Intriguing Cause & Effect Essay Topics for Students. Teach critical thinking, logic, and the art of persuasion. Cause-and-effect essays aren't just a way to help students strengthen their writing skills. They'll also learn critical thinking, logic, and the art of persuasion. In addition, they teach students to demonstrate how one thing ...
Review the feedback from your peer review. Work through the revising and proofreading stages of the writing process. Create a final version of your Cause-and-Effect Essay according to the following guidelines. Papers submitted that do not meet the requirements will be returned to you ungraded. 3-4 typed, double-spaced pages (about 600-750 ...
Typically, the cause and effect essay layout contains an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Here is the complete outline format structure of a cause and effect writing: Section 1 - Introduction. A hook statement that grabs the audience's attention. Basic historical information about the topic.
Objectives. Students will revise the cause-and-effect essay that they drafted in Lesson 2. Students will: give and receive constructive feedback in preparation for writing a final draft of the narrative essay. cause-and-effect relationships/content development. focused thesis. clear and relevant topic sentences. effective opening and conclusion.
The writer was able to identified the cause and effect in their essay very well. The. word count had to be 1500 to 1700 words and the writer only had 1418 words. Overall, great organization. and each paragraph was precise and clear. The essay was able to discuss the causes and effects very well.
Cause & Effect Essay Overview. Cause and effect is a rhetorical style that discusses which events lead to specific results. You may find that you are assigned to write a cause and effect essay for a writing class, but you might also encounter cause and effect assignments in other disciplines. For example, you may be asked to write about the ...
A cause and effect essay is a writing assignment that asks you to explore the causes of certain events and link them to their outcomes. These types of essays can be focussed on the causes, the effects, or both. They can follow the typical 5 paragraph essay format, or they can have more body paragraphs than usual, depending on the complexity of ...
Welcome, 8th graders and higher grades, to an exciting journey into the world of writing! In this activity, we'll explore the art of crafting a "Cause and Effect Essay", which is a type of writing that allows you to investigate and explain the reasons behind events or actions and their subsequent consequences.. Why do certain things happen, and what happens because of them?
This decision was based on a 2014 review of 9 studies (1,892 participants) that looked at the effect of acupuncture on smoking cessation results for 6 months or more and found no significant benefit. Some studies included in that review showed evidence of a possible small benefit of acupuncture on quitting smoking for shorter periods of time.