ap biology photosynthesis short answer questions

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AP®︎/College Biology

Course: ap®︎/college biology   >   unit 3, photosynthesis.

• Intro to photosynthesis
• Breaking down photosynthesis stages
• Conceptual overview of light dependent reactions
• The light-dependent reactions
• The Calvin cycle
• Photosynthesis evolution
• Photosynthesis review
• (Choice A)   As photosystem II (PSII) absorbs energy from light, electrons are excited to a higher energy level and accepted by ADP to form ATP. A As photosystem II (PSII) absorbs energy from light, electrons are excited to a higher energy level and accepted by ADP to form ATP.
• (Choice B)   A proton gradient drives the formation of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate via ATP synthase. B A proton gradient drives the formation of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate via ATP synthase.
• (Choice C)   Energy from light excites ATP synthase, causing it to bind ADP with inorganic phosphate to form ATP. C Energy from light excites ATP synthase, causing it to bind ADP with inorganic phosphate to form ATP.
• (Choice D)   ADP accepts excited electrons at the end of the electron transport chain (ETC) to form ATP. D ADP accepts excited electrons at the end of the electron transport chain (ETC) to form ATP.

Related Quizzes:

Cellular Respiration

Biochemistry

Quiz: Photosynthesis (AP Biology)

1. Which of the following occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast? light dependent reaction electron transport chain calvin cycle photolysis

2. The oxygen produced in photosynthesis comes from what molecule? glucose water P680 ATP

3. The photosynthetic process used by some plants to survive in a hot dry climate, like the desert? C4 Photosynthesis C3 Photosynthesis Noncyclic photophosphorylation Carbon fixation

4. Which of the following is NOT a produce of the light dependent reaction? Oxygen ATP NADPH Sugar

5. Which of the following i the source of the carbon in sugar produced during photosynthesis? carbon dioxide water rubisco ATP

6. Which of the following is the main difference between cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation? they use different electron acceptors Only photosystem I is used during the cyclic process noncyclic photophosphorylation occurs in the stroma noncyclic photophosphorylation does not produce ATP

7. Carbon fixation is catalyzed by what enzyme? P700 NADPH phosphoglycerate rubisco

8. The calvin cycle requires each of the following inputs EXCEPT: ATP NADPH O2 CO2

9. In the light dependent reactions, when light strikes the pigments (P700 or P680) what is the immediate result? excited electrons are passed to electron acceptors electrons are fused to form ATP glucose is produced carbon fixation occurs

10. In the calvin cycle, more ATP than NADPH is used, how is this difference made up? the cyclic pathway creates more ATP the calvin cycle occurs half as often as the light dependent reaction additional ATP is created from glucose excess NADPH is reused in the light reaction

Score = Correct answers:

AP Biology : 3.5 Photosynthesis – Exam Style questions with Answer- MCQ

AP Physics AP Calculus AP Chemistry AP Biology

A researcher claims that spinach leaves capture the most energy from light waves in the range of 500  nm to 600  nm . To test the claim, the researcher will place spinach leaves in separate chambers and expose the leaves to different wavelengths of light. For each chamber, the researcher will measure the amount of oxygen gas (\( O_ 2\) ) that is produced in one hour.

Which of the following graphs best represents data from the experiment that will support the researcher’s claim?

Ans: B The high levels of \( O_ 2\) produced at wavelengths between 500 nm and 600 nm directly support the researcher’s claim. Because oxygen is produced as a by-product of photosynthesis, a greater level of oxygen production indicates a greater level of energy-capture from light.

A researcher claims that the initial rise of oxygen in Earth’s early atmosphere, which occurred approximately 2.3 billion years ago, resulted from the metabolic activity of prokaryotic organisms. The claim is based on an interpretation of the geochemical and fossil evidence represented in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Selected events in geologic time based on geochemical and fossil evidence

Which of the following types of evidence will best support the researcher’s claim?

A. Evidence that some of the earliest eukaryotes used oxygen to produce ATP by cellular respiration

B. Evidence that the earliest plants produced oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis

C. Evidence that some of the earliest organisms carried out photosynthesis without producing oxygen

D. Evidence that the cyanobacteria produced oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis

Ans: D Based on Figure 1, cyanobacteria appear in the fossil record before the rise of oxygen in Earth’s early atmosphere. The researcher’s claim will be supported by evidence that the cyanobacteria that were on Earth more 2.3 billion years ago produced oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis. Also, cyanobacteria are prokaryotes, which is consistent with the researcher’s claim.

A researcher claims that a certain herbicide suppresses plant growth by inhibiting chloroplast function. To test the claim, the researcher treats isolated chloroplasts with increasing concentrations of the herbicide. The data from the experiment are presented in Table 1.

Which of the following statements best clarifies how the data support the researcher’s claim?

A. The thylakoid membrane is more permeable to carbon dioxide than to polar molecules.

B. ATP synthase activity depends on a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane.

C. Some enzymes embedded in the thylakoid membrane catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP .

D. Carbon fixation in the Calvin-Benson cycle takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts.

Ans: B The results of the experiment indicate that ATP production in the isolated chloroplasts decreases with increasing concentrations of the herbicide. The data also show that the decrease in ATP production is associated with a decrease in the pH difference across the thylakoid membrane. The pH difference is created by a proton gradient, which ATP synthase relies on to produce ATP .

A researcher claims that increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels cause increased growth rates in plants.

Which of the following statements best supports the researcher’s claim?

A. Atmospheric carbon dioxide is produced by the burning of fossil fuels, which are formed from the remains of living organisms such as plants. B. Atmospheric carbon dioxide is a byproduct of cellular respiration, which is a metabolic process that occurs in plants and other living organisms. C. Atmospheric carbon dioxide typically enters plant leaves through stomata, which plants rely on for regulating gas exchange with the atmosphere. D. Atmospheric carbon dioxide is the raw material for photosynthesis, which plants rely on for producing sugars and other organic compounds.

Ans: D Atmospheric carbon dioxide is the raw material for photosynthesis, which is the metabolic process by which green plants use energy in sunlight to produce sugars and other organic compounds. The plants use the sugars and organic compounds to support growth, repair, and reproduction.

In chloroplasts, ATP is synthesized from ADP plus inorganic phosphate ( P i ) in a reaction catalyzed by ATP synthase molecules that are embedded in the thylakoid membrane.

Which of the following statements provides evidence to support the claim that no ATP will be synthesized in the absence of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane?

A. Blocking electron flow from one carrier to the next in the electron transport chains blocks formation of a proton gradient in the thylakoid. B. Increasing the proton concentration difference across the thylakoid membrane is not associated with a parallel increase in the rate of ATP synthesis. C. No ATP is synthesized when channel proteins that allow the free passage of protons are inserted into the thylakoid membrane. D. No ATP is synthesized while the Calvin cycle is synthesizing carbohydrates and using ATP and NADPH at a high rate.

Ans: C Channel proteins that allow the passage of protons will dissipate the proton concentration difference, and ATP will not form. Under normal circumstances, the only way for protons to cross the thylakoid membrane is by passing through the ATP synthase molecules.

Critical Thinking Questions

• ATP and NADPH are forms of chemical energy produced from the light dependent reactions to be used in the light independent reactions that produce sugars.
• ATP and NADPH are forms of chemical energy produced from the light independent reactions, to be used in the light dependent reactions that produce sugars.
• ATP and NADPH are forms of chemical energy produced from the light dependent reactions to be used in the light independent reactions that produce proteins.
• ATP and NADPH are forms of chemical energy produced from the light dependent reactions to be used in the light independent reactions that use sugars as reactants.
• NADPH and ATP molecules are produced during the light-independent reactions and are used to power the light-dependent reactions.
• Sugar and ATP are produced during the light-dependent reactions and are used to power the light-independent reactions.
• Carbon dioxide and NADPH are produced during the light-independent reactions and are used to power the light-dependent reactions.
• NADPH and ATP molecules are produced during the light-dependent reactions and are used to power the light-independent reactions.

Examine the illustration of the photosynthesis equation. How does the equation relate to both photosynthesis and cellular respiration, and what is the connection between the two processes?

• Photosynthesis utilizes energy to build carbohydrates, while cellular respiration metabolizes carbohydrates.
• Photosynthesis utilizes energy to metabolize carbohydrates, while cellular respiration builds carbohydrates.
• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both utilize carbon dioxide and water to produce carbohydrates.
• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both metabolize carbohydrates to produce carbon dioxide and water.
• When photons strike photosystem (PS) I, pigments pass the light energy to chlorophyll, molecules that excite electrons, which are then passed to the electron transport chain. The cytochrome complex then transfers protons across the thylakoid membrane and transfers electrons from PS-II to PS-I. The products of the light-dependent reaction are used to power the Calvin cycle to produce glucose.
• When photons strike photosystem (PS) II, pigments pass the light energy to chlorophyll a molecules that in turn excite electrons, which are then passed to the electron transport chain. The cytochrome complex transfers protons across the thylakoid membrane and transfers electrons from PS-I to PS-II. The products of the light-dependent reaction are used to power the Calvin cycle to produce glucose.
• When photons strike photosystem (PS) II, pigments pass the light energy to chlorophyll a molecules that excite electrons, which are then passed to the electron transport chain. The cytochrome complex transfers protons across the thylakoid membrane and transfers electrons from PS-II to PS-I. The products of the light-dependent reaction are used to power the Calvin cycle to produce glucose.
• When photons strike photosystem (PS) II, pigments pass the light energy to chlorophyll a molecules that excite electrons, which are then passed to the electron transport chain. The cytochrome complex transfers protons across the thylakoid membrane and transfers electrons from PS II to PS I. The products of the light-independent reaction are used to power the Calvin cycle to produce glucose.
• Because UV rays and X-rays are high-energy waves, they penetrate the tissues and thus damage cells.
• Because UV rays and X-rays are long-wavelength waves, they penetrate the tissues and thus damage cells.
• Because UV rays and X-rays are low-energy waves, they cannot penetrate tissues and thus damage cells.
• Because UV rays and X-rays are low-frequency waves, they can penetrate tissues and thus damage cells.
• Photosynthesis is not possible.
• Photosynthesis is possible.
• Photosynthesis is possible only with blue light.
• Photosynthesis is possible only with green light.
• After splitting water in PS-I, high-energy electrons are delivered through the chloroplast electron transport chain to PS-II.
• After the photosynthesis reaction, released products like glucose help in the transfer of electrons from PS-II to PS-I.
• After splitting water in PS-II, high-energy electrons are delivered through the chloroplast electron transport chain to PS-I.
• After the completion of the light-dependent reactions, the electrons are transferred from PS-II to PS-I.
• This event will have no effect on the rate of photosynthesis in the leaf.
• Photosynthesis in the leaf will slow down or possibly stop.
• Photosynthesis in the leaf will increase exponentially.
• Photosynthesis in the leaf will first decrease and then increase.
• The product of the Calvin cycle is glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate and RuBP is regenerated.
• The product of the Calvin cycle is glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate and RuBisCO is regenerated.
• The product of the Calvin cycle is a 3-PGA molecule and glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate is regenerated.
• The product of the Calvin cycle is glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate and oxygen is regenerated.
• by using CAM photosynthesis and by closing stomatal pores during the night
• by using CAM photosynthesis and by opening stomatal pores during the night
• by using CAM photosynthesis and by keeping stomatal pores closed at all times
• by bypassing CAM photosynthesis and by keeping stomatal pores closed at night
• The prey of lions are generally herbivores, which depend on heterotrophs.
• The prey of lions are generally smaller carnivorous animals, which depend on non-photosynthetic organisms.
• The prey of lions are generally herbivores, which depend on autotrophs.
• The prey of lions are generally autotrophs, which depend onother autotrophs.
• It takes three turns to fix enough oxygen to export one G3P molecule.
• It takes three turns to produce RuBisCO as an end product.
• It takes three turns to produce ATP and NADPH for fixation of G3P.
• It takes three turns to fix enough carbon to export one G3P molecule.

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AP Biology Past FRQs by Topic

Updated: Jan 31

**Updated on 1/31/24 to include the 2022-23 FRQ exams!**

If you are looking for past AP Biology free-response questions (FRQs) that are organized by topic, then you have come to the right place. In this post, we have linked every freely available past FRQ there is from College Board and organized it into the following major topics of AP Biology .

(Please note that we are not associated with College Board and are simply sharing the resources they have made available to students.)

Biochemistry

Metabolism & energetics.

Physiology (note that this topic will not be tested on the official AP Biology exam this year in 2021, although many questions about physiology could also cover concepts that will be tested)

Experiment design & data analysis

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How to make the most of past frqs from college board.

As noted above, the diversity of organisms, plants, and physiology will not be on the 2021 AP Biology exam. However, the exam could include questions about topics or hypothetical situations that are related to those topics. One great example is cell communication, which is used in multiple systems inside our bodies. Let’s say an FRQ was to appear about the immune system and how the immune cells communicate. That would be fair game as long as the question focuses on the cell signaling part, not the details of the immune system. If the question requires some background knowledge about the immune system, it will be provided.

If you want to do a whole practice FRQ set just like the ones on the real exam (which we highly recommend), all the freely available past FRQs by year are available here on the College Board website. Tip: time yourself and take the practice FRQ set in an environment that mimics how you imagine your actual testing environment to be.

If you would like to focus on a particular topic, then the section coming up is for you. Some FRQs will show up under multiple topics because they truly do test students’ understanding of multiple different topics.

Tip : Whether you are doing individual free-response questions or doing a full problem set in one go, it is extremely important and effective to do test corrections! Don’t only consult the scoring guidelines and model responses when you have no clue how to answer a question. You should be checking them for all the FRQs you do. When you find a difference between your answer and the scoring guidelines, it is important that you pause and analyze why your response is incorrect. Take the time to understand your mistakes and see how your answer could have been better. This will help you boost your scores the most efficiently.

AP BIOLOGY FRQs BY TOPIC

Below are the linked FRQs organized by topic. The header for each topic will also lead you to the corresponding study guide that will help you review the unit in detail!

Basic and organic chemistry concepts do not come up often on the FRQs (but of course, it’s better to be prepared). The properties of water and macromolecules come up occasionally.

2017 #7 and 8

Includes cell structure and function, cell transport and the proteins involved.

2019 #3 and 8

2018 #2, 6, and 8

2006 #1, 3, and 4

2001 #1 and 4

(study guide coming soon!)

This unit includes enzymes, cellular respiration, and photosynthesis.

2023 #2 (cell respiration & photosynthesis)

2023 #4 (photosynthesis)

2022 #3 (enzymes)

2021 #3 (cell respiration)

2019 #3 (cell respiration)

2018 #2 (cell respiration)

2017 #7 (cell respiration)

2017 #5 (photosynthesis)

2015 #2 (cell respiration)

2013 #2 (photosynthesis) and 4 (cell respiration & photosynthesis)

2012 #2 (cell respiration) and 4 (cell respiration & photosynthesis)

2010 #2 (enzymes)

2007 #3 (photosynthesis)

2006 #4 (photosynthesis)

2005 #1 (cell respiration & photosynthesis)

2004 #3 (photosynthesis)

Cell cycle & cell signaling

This topic has shown up more frequently and in more difficult FRQs in recent years, especially cell communication. The trend will most likely continue so definitely prioritize reviewing and practicing this topic!

2023 #1 (cell communication)

2022 #1 (cell communication)

2022 #2 (cell cycle, meiosis)

2021 #1 (cell communication)

2019 #4 (cell communication)

2018 #8 (cell communication)

2017 #8 (cell communication)

2016 # 7 (cell division)

2015 # 4 (cell division)

2015 #5 and 7 (cell communication)

2013 #8 (cell communication)

2011 #1B (cell division)

2010 #1 (cell communication)

2006 #1B (cell division)

2004 #1 (cell division)

Genetics, Gene Expression and Regulation

Genetics Pt 1 and Genetics Pt 2 Study Guides

This section includes the classic Mendelian genetics, with Punnett squares, crosses, and Mendel’s laws. It also includes DNA replication, protein synthesis, and gene expression regulation for both eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

2023 #6 (gene expression)

2022 #6 (protein synthesis, gene expression)

2021 #6 (gene expression)

2021 #2 (heredity + pedigrees)

2020 #1 parts a-b

2019 #1 and 3

2018 #1, 4, and 7

2016 #4 and 7

2023 #5 (Cladistics)

2022 #4 (speciation)

2020 #1 parts f-j

2015 #3 and 6

2014 #2 and 4

2015 #2 (nervous system)

2014 #2 (immune system) and 6 (musculoskeletal system) and 7

2017 #2, 4, and 7b

2016 #3 and 5

2014 #3 and 4

Experimental design & analysis

This is an additional section that isn’t focused on any particular topic or has significant data analysis involved. While most FRQs do pertain to a specific topic(s), some are simply there to test your knowledge of experimental design and understanding of statistical concepts such as performing Chi-Square tests and interpreting error bars on graphs. These types of questions have become more and more common on the AP exam, so it is important to feel comfortable and confident with them.

2023 #6 (data analysis)

2022 #3 (experiment design)

2020 #1 parts c-e

2016 #2 , 6 and 8

2014 #1 and 5

2013 #1 and 7

Hope these organized FRQs saved you some time so you can focus more on actually doing them and practicing! You can easily share this post with friends who may find it helpful as well.

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Photosynthesis AP Bio

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• 1. Multiple Choice Edit 30 seconds 1 pt Green plants reflect ________ light. Red Green All Red and Violet
• 2. Multiple Choice Edit 30 seconds 1 pt The light reactions occur in the ________ and the dark reactions take place in the ________. Chloroplast / thylakoid membrane stroma / thylakoid mesophyl / stomata thylakoid membrane / stroma
• 5. Multiple Choice Edit 30 seconds 1 pt Where does the carbon come from that is used to form glucose? The soil CO 2 in the air From other carbohydrates Calvin Cycle
• 6. Multiple Choice Edit 30 seconds 1 pt Where is glucose synthesized Photosystem II Photosystem I Calvin Cycle Glycolysis
• 7. Multiple Choice Edit 1 minute 1 pt Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called autotrophs heterotrophs. thylakoids. pigments.
• 8. Multiple Choice Edit 1 minute 1 pt Energy is released from ATP when a phosphate group is added. adenine bonds to ribose. ATP is exposed to sunlight. a phosphate group is removed.
• 9. Multiple Choice Edit 1 minute 1 pt Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen. high-energy sugars and starches. ATP and oxygen. oxygen and high-energy sugars and starches.
• 10. Multiple Choice Edit 1 minute 1 pt Most plants appear green because chlorophyll does not absorb green light. reflects violet light. absorbs green light. none of the answers
• 11. Multiple Choice Edit 2 minutes 1 pt In which eukaryotic organelles does photosynthesis occur? mitochondria stomata xylem chloroplast
• 12. Multiple Choice Edit 2 minutes 1 pt What are the products of photosynthesis? Carbon dioxide and water Carbon dioxide and oxygen Glucose and oxygen Glucose and water
• 13. Multiple Choice Edit 2 minutes 1 pt What pigment absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis? chloroplast thylakoid grana chlorophyll
• 14. Multiple Choice Edit 2 minutes 1 pt Which gas is removed from the atmosphere during photosynthesis? hydrogen oxygen nitrogen carbon dioxide
• 15. Multiple Choice Edit 2 minutes 1 pt Which of the following is the correct equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS? 6CO 2  + 6H 2 O --> 6O 2  + C 6 H 12 O 6 6CO 2  + C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6H 2 O --> O 2  6O 2  + 6H 2 O --> 6CO 2  + C 6 H 12 O 6 C 6 H 12 O 6   + 6O 2  ---> 6H 2 O + 6CO 2  
• 17. Multiple Choice Edit 2 minutes 1 pt Which of the following best describes photosynthesis? Photosynthesis converts radiant energy into chemical energy. Photosynthesis produces carbohydrates. Plants need sunlight, carbon dioxide, water, nutrients, and chlorophyll to complete photosynthesis. Plants use chlorophyll, water, and carbon dioxide to make sugar.
• 18. Multiple Choice Edit 30 seconds 1 pt Which of the following are correctly paired oxidation/reduction reactions from photosynthesis? H20 reduced--> O2 NADP+ oxidized --> NADPH H20 Oxidized--> O2 NADP+ reduced--> NADPH H20 reduced--> O2 NADPH oxidized --> NADP+ H20 oxidized--> O2 NADPH reduced--> NADP+
• 19. Multiple Choice Edit 30 seconds 1 pt Which of the following are correctly paired oxidation/reduction reactions from photosynthesis? NADPH oxidized to NADP+ CO2 reduced to glucose NADP+ oxidized to NADPH CO2 reduced to glucose NADPH reduced to NADP+ CO2 oxidized to glucose NADP+ reduced to NADPH CO2 oxidized to glucose

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