alwidai party speech in urdu written

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Farewell Speech For Students By Teacher in Urdu

موضوع: رئیس مدرسہ کی طرف سے الوداع.

!معزز رفقاء کرام اور مستقبل کے روشن ستارو

!السلام علیکم

آج کی تقریب سعید ان طلبہ کو الوداع کہنے کے لئے انعقاد پذیز ہوئی ہے۔جو اس ادارہ میں جماعت دہم تک علم و فن کی دولت سے مالا مال ہو چکے ہیں۔ایک ساتھ رہتے انس و مروت پیدا ہوجانا ایک فطری امر ہے۔اور خاص طور پر جب کہ یہ ساتھ ایک شفیق باپ اور فرمانبردار بیٹے کا ہو تو اس کی اہمیت اور بڑھ جاتی ہے۔تاہم اس میں قانون فطرت کے مطابق ایک حسین پہلو بھی موجود ہے۔کہ ان طلبہ کی ایک کھیپ تیار ہو کر زندگی کے وسیع میدان میں سر گرم عمل ہونے کے لئے آگے بڑھ رہی ہے۔اس کھیپ سے امید کی جاتی ہے۔کہ اس دور میں ایک نئے اور اچھے با ب کا اضافہ کریں گے۔

Read Also : Alwidai Speech in Urdu For Matric Students

!عزیزان محترم

جس طرح ایک عمارت کی تعمیر اچانک نہیں ہو جاتی۔بلکہ یہ تعمیر ایک ایک اینٹ اور ایک ایک مرحلہ سے عبارت ہوتی ہے۔اس طرح بچوں کی یہ تعلیمی عمارت بھی اچانک تعمیر نہیں ہوتی۔خون دل صرف کیا جاتا ہے۔تو بہار آتی ہے۔میں اور میرے جملہ رفقیان سفر اس تعلیم کی عمارت میں ہمہ تن مصروف ہیں۔یہ تعمیر جامد و ساکت نہیں بلکہ چار دانگ عالم میں پھیل جانے والی ہے۔اگر اس تعمیر یعنی ہمارے تربیت یافتہ طلبہ نے اس عالم میں ایک روشن اور خوبصورت باب کا اضافہ کیا۔تو یقیناً ہم اپنے فن میں ماہر بھی ہیں اور اپنے فن سے مخلص بھی۔اگر خدانخواستہ ایسا نہ ہو تو یقین جانئے نہ تو ہم اپنے فن میں ماہر ہونے کا دعویٰ کر سکتے ہیں اور نہ ہی اپنے آپ سے،اپنی قوم سے اپنے ملک سے اور دین و وطن سے مخلص ہونے کا دعویٰ کر سکتے ہیں۔اس صورت میں ہم اپنے خدائے بزرگ و برتر اور معلم کائنات ﷺ جن کے مقدس پیشے کو اختیار کیا ہے یقیناً ایک روز ہم سے ضرور باز پرس کریں گے۔

!اے پیارے بچو اب آخر میں آپ سے مخاطب ہوں۔ کہ صابن اور سرف جتنا بھی اعلیٰ ہو،وہ کالے کمبل کو سفید نہیں کر سکتا ۔البتہ سفید کپڑے کے میل کچیل کو صاف کر دیتا ہے۔ہم نے آپ کے روح و جسم سے جہالت کے کالے میل کو صاف کرنے حتیٰ المقدور کوشش کی ہے۔ہماری دعا ہے کہ اللہ تعالیٰ آپ کو مزید علم و فن کے اجالے عطا فرمائے۔میں اپنی طرف سے یقین دلاتا ہوں،کہ تمہیں زندگی کے کسی میدان میں ہماری ضرورت پڑے تو ہماری تمام تر صلاحیتیں تمہارے لئے ہوں گی۔ان شاء اللہ خدا ہم سب کا حامی و ناصر ہو۔

دشمن بھی جو آئے تو میرے س ا ئے میں بیٹھے میں ایک گھنا پیڑ سرراہ گزر ہوں

More Urdu Written Speeches Copy and Paste

Also Read : Meri Pehchan Pakistan Speech in Urdu Also Read : Urdu Speech on Teacher Respect

Some Useful Articles

Qayam e pakistan speech in urdu – 23 march & 14 august speech, 23 march pakistan day speech in urdu written, alwidai speech in urdu for matric students.

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aaj ik aur baras biit gayā us ke baġhair

jis ke hote hue hote the zamāne mere

Top 20 Farewell Shayari

Top 20 series.

• Aadmi/Insaan Shayari
• Ada Shayari
• Akhbaar Shayari
• Angdaai Shayari
• Barish Shayari
• Chaand Shayari
• couplets of nushoor wahidi
• couplets on dua
• couplets on eyes
• couplets on love
• couplets on mirror
• couplets on seperation
• couplets on tasweer
• couplets on tears
• Dard Shayari
• Deedar Shayari
• Dhoka Shayari
• Dil Shayari
• Dost/Dosti Shayari
• Duniya Shayari
• Farewell Shayari
• Heartbreak Shayari
• Husn Shayari
• Intizaar Shayari
• Khamoshi Shayari
• Kiss Shayari
• Kitab Shayari
• Lab Shayari
• Maut Shayari
• most quoted couplets
• motivational couplets
• Mulaqat Shayari
• Muskurahat Shayari
• Phool Shayari
• Sad Shayari
• Safar Shayari
• Sharab Shayari
• Tanhai Shayari
• Top couplets on New Year
• Train Shayari
• Visaal Shayari
• Wafa Shayari
• Waqt Shayari
• Welcome Shayari
• Yaad Shayari
• Zindagi Shayari
• Zulf Shayari

ab to jaate haiñ but-kade se 'mīr'

phir mileñge agar ḳhudā laayā

ab to jate hain but-kade se 'mir'

phir milenge agar KHuda laya

• Filmi Shayari
• Popular verses

aañkh se duur sahī dil se kahāñ jā.egā

jaane vaale tū hameñ yaad bahut aa.egā

aankh se dur sahi dil se kahan jaega

jaane wale tu hamein yaad bahut aaega

• Tag: Farewell

us ko ruḳhsat to kiyā thā mujhe ma.alūm na thā

saarā ghar le gayā ghar chhoḌ ke jaane vaalā

us ko ruKHsat to kiya tha mujhe malum na tha

sara ghar le gaya ghar chhoD ke jaane wala

jaate ho ḳhudā-hāfiz haañ itnī guzārish hai

jab yaad ham aa jaa.eñ milne kī duā karnā

jate ho KHuda-hafiz han itni guzarish hai

jab yaad hum aa jaen milne ki dua karna

ajiib hote haiñ ādāb-e-ruḳhsat-e-mahfil

ki vo bhī uTh ke gayā jis kā ghar na thā koī

ajib hote hain aadab-e-ruKHsat-e-mahfil

ki wo bhi uTh ke gaya jis ka ghar na tha koi

chhoḌne maiñ nahīñ jaatā use darvāze tak

lauT aatā huuñ ki ab kaun use jaatā dekhe

chhoDne main nahin jata use darwaze tak

lauT aata hun ki ab kaun use jata dekhe

yaad hai ab tak tujh se bichhaḌne kī vo añdherī shaam mujhe

tū ḳhāmosh khaḌā thā lekin bāteñ kartā thā kājal

yaad hai ab tak tujh se bichhaDne ki wo andheri sham mujhe

tu KHamosh khaDa tha lekin baaten karta tha kajal

tum suno yā na suno haath baḌhāo na baḌhāo

Dūbte Dūbte ik baar pukāreñge tumheñ

tum suno ya na suno hath baDhao na baDhao

Dubte Dubte ek bar pukarenge tumhein

ye ek peḌ hai aa is se mil ke ro leñ ham

yahāñ se tere mire rāste badalte haiñ

ye ek peD hai aa is se mil ke ro len hum

yahan se tere mere raste badalte hain

us se milne kī ḳhushī ba.ad meñ dukh detī hai

jashn ke ba.ad kā sannāTā bahut khaltā hai

us se milne ki KHushi baad mein dukh deti hai

jashn ke baad ka sannaTa bahut khalta hai

gūñjte rahte haiñ alfāz mire kānoñ meñ

tū to ārām se kah detā hai allāh-hāfiz

gunjte rahte hain alfaz mere kanon mein

tu to aaram se kah deta hai allah-hafiz

kaleja rah gayā us vaqt phaT kar

kahā jab alvidā us ne palaT kar

kaleja rah gaya us waqt phaT kar

kaha jab alwida us ne palaT kar

jaane vaale ko kahāñ rok sakā hai koī

tum chale ho to koī rokne vaalā bhī nahīñ

jaane wale ko kahan rok saka hai koi

tum chale ho to koi rokne wala bhi nahin

ravāna kar to rahā hai vo hañste hañste mujhe

maiñ jāntā huuñ mire ba.ad ḳhuub ro.egā

rawana kar to raha hai wo hanste hanste mujhe

main jaanta hun mere baad KHub roega

tum isī moḌ par hameñ milnā

lauT kar ham zarūr ā.eñge

tum isi moD par hamein milna

lauT kar hum zarur aaenge

ab ke jaate hue is tarah kiyā us ne salām

Dūbne vaalā koī haath uThā.e jaise

ab ke jate hue is tarah kiya us ne salam

Dubne wala koi hath uThae jaise

dukh ke safar pe dil ko ravāna to kar diyā

ab saarī umr haath hilāte raheñge ham

dukh ke safar pe dil ko rawana to kar diya

ab sari umr hath hilate rahenge hum

ek din kahnā hī thā ik dūsre ko alvidā.a

āḳhirash 'sālim' judā ik baar to honā hī thā

ek din kahna hi tha ek dusre ko alwidaa

aaKHirash 'salim' juda ek bar to hona hi tha

vo alvidā.a kā manzar vo bhīgtī palkeñ

pas-e-ġhubār bhī kyā kyā dikhā.ī detā hai

wo alwidaa ka manzar wo bhigti palken

pas-e-ghubar bhi kya kya dikhai deta hai

ghar meñ rahā thā kaun ki ruḳhsat kare hameñ

chaukhaT ko alvidā.a kahā aur chal paḌe

ghar mein raha tha kaun ki ruKHsat kare hamein

chaukhaT ko alwidaa kaha aur chal paDe

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اردو تقاریر | Best Urdu Speeches

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Best Urdu Poetry

best urdu poetry

alwidai poetry in urdu|farewell poetry in urdu

read alwidai poetry in urdu, farewell poetry in urdu

قیامت سے کم نہیں تٌجھ سے جٌدا ہونا

نہ بھول پاۓ گا دِل تیرا الوداع ہونا

qiyamat say kam nahi tujh say juda hona

na bhool paye ga dil tera alwida hona

جو کہتے تھے نہ بچھڑیں گے ہم کبھی

الوداع کہہ گئے دیکھتے دیکھتے

jo kehtay thay na bicharrain gaiy ham kabhi

alvidah keh gaye dekhty dekhty

نہ آواز دینا نہ پلٹ کر دیکھنا واپس

بڑی مٌشکل سے سیکھا ہے کِسی کو الوداع کہنا

na awaz dena na palt kar dekhna wapis

barri mushkil say seekha hai kisi ko alvidah kehna

جٌدا ہو کر آج یہاں سے چلے جاؤ گے

دٌعا ہے کہ جہاں بھی جاؤ گے خوشیاں ہی پاؤ گے

juda ho kar aaj yahan say chaly jao gaiy

dua hai keh jahan bhi jao gaiy khushiyan hi pao gaiy

alwidai poetry in urdu

پھول کھِلتے ہیں لوگ مِلتے ہیں

کچھ پھول جو کھِل کر بکھر جاتے ہیں

وہ بہاروں کے آنے سے ملتے نہیں

کچھ لوگ جو مِل کر بچھڑ جاتے ہیں

وہ ہزاروں کے آنے سے مِلتے نہیں

phool khiltay hain log miltay hain

kuch phul jo khil kar bikhar jaty hain

vo baharon kay aany say milty nahi

kuch log jo mil kar bicharr jaty hain

vo hazaron ky aany say milty nahi

پھول کھِلتا رہے زندگی کی راہ میں

ہمیشہ ہنسی رہے آپکی نِگاہ میں

phol khilta rahy zindagi ki rah main

hamesha hansi rahy apki nigah main

تٌم اِسی موڑ پر ہمیں مِلنا

لَوٹ کر ہم ضرور آئیں گے

tum issi morr par hamain milna

laut kar ham zarur aain gaiy

یہ عٌمر بھر کی مٌسافت ہے دل بڑا رکھنا

کہ لوگ مِلتے بچھڑتے رہیں گے رستے میں

• harf e taza nai khushboo mein lyrics in urdu
• mulaqat poetry in urdu top 10 sher

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All Parts of Speech in Urdu and English – اجزائے ترکیبی

All parts of speech in urdu and english – definition, types and examples.

ہر زبان کے کچھ اجزائے ترکیبی/اجزائے کلام (Parts of speech) ہوتے ہیں جو بہت اہم ہوتے ہیں کیونکہ انہیں سے مل کر جملہ بنتا ہے۔ اور جملوں ہی کے ذریعہ ہماری بات چیت ہوتی ہے۔ تو اسے اس طرح سمجھیے کہ اگر Parts of speech (اجزائے ترکیبی) معلوم نہ ہوں؛ تو اس زبان میں بات کرنا اور لکھنا تقریباً ناممکن ہے۔ ہاں! یہ اور بات ہے کہ وہ زبان آپ کی مادری زبان ہو؛ تو اس وقت آپ اجزائے ترکیبی کو جانیں بغیر بھی بات کرسکتے ہیں؛ لیکن اس وقت بھی آپ اس زبان میں کچھ لکھ نہیں سکتے۔

آسان الفاظ میں کہوں؛ تو اجزائے ترکیبی کے بغیر کسی زبان کو بولنا مشکل لکھنا ناممکن ہے۔ اور چونکہ ہم انگلش پڑھ رہے ہیں اس لیے آج ہم Parts of speech in Urdu یعنی اردو میں انگریزی اجزائے ترکیبی کو جانیں گے اور پڑھیں گے کہ:

• Definition of parts of speech in Urdu
• Types of Parts of speech in Urdu
• Examples of parts of speech in Urdu

یہ ہر زبان میں ہوتا ہے۔ اور چونکہ ہم انگلش پڑھ رہے ہیں اس لیے ہم جانیں گے کہ انگلش کے اجزائے ترکیبی کیا ہیں؟

Definition of Parts Of Speech in Urdu

 تعریف: جملہ کے اجزائے ترکیبی یا اجزائے کلام کو parts of speech کہتے ہیں۔

اجزائے ترکیبی کا معنی کیا ہے؟

Types of Parts of Speech in Urdu

انگلش کے Parts of speech (اجزائے ترکیبی) آٹھ ہیں۔

چلیے ایک ایک کرکے سمجھتے ہیں۔

Let me give you a detailed introduction to the eight parts of speech in Urdu and English with examples….

Parts of speech کی پہلی قسم اسم (Noun) ہے، اور Noun کسی شخص، جگہ یا چیز کے نام کو کہتے ہیں.

تفصیل سے پڑھیں!

Pronoun| ضمیر

اجزائے ترکیبی (Parts of speech) کی دوسری قسم Pronoun ہے، اور Pronoun  وہ لفظ ہے جو اسم (noun)  کی جگہ استعمال ہوتا ہے۔

اوپر کے جملہ میں “زید” ایک اسم (noun) ہے۔ اور لفظ “وہ” ایک ضمیر ( pronoun ) ہے جو زید کی جگہ استعمال ہوا ہے۔اس جملہ کو ہم یوں بھی کہہ سکتے تھے:

زید ایک اچھا طالب علم ہے اور زید سمجھدار ہے۔

 یہ صحیح ہے؛ لیکن اس طرح کہنا اچھا نہیں ہے کیونکہ اس میں ایک ہی لفظ “زید” کا تکرار ہے. اس لیے ہم ایک چیز کا نام لینے کے بعد جب اسی کی بات کرنی ہو؛ اگلے جملے میں اس کی ضمیر کا استعمال کرتے ہیں۔

Adjective| صفت

اجزائے ترکیبی (Parts of speech) کی تیسری قسم Adjective ہے، Adjective وہ ہوتا ہے جو کسی اسم یا ضمیر کی وضاحت کرے۔

Verb| فعل/کام

اجزائے ترکیبی (Parts of speech) کی چوتھی قسم Verb ہے جو کسی فعل یا عمل کے ہونے کو بتلاتا ہے۔

verb جملہ میں فعل اور عمل کو بتاتا ہے جیسے کھانا، پینا، سونا وغیرہ یہ سب verb ہیں۔ اس کی کئی قسمیں جیسے main verb، اور helping verb وغیرہ۔

Adverb| متعلق فعل

Parts of speech کی پانچویں قسم Adverb ہے،اور ایک adverb ایک فعل, صفت یا کسی دوسرے adverb کی وضاحت کرتا ہے اور اس کے متعلق اضافی معلومات فراہم کرتاہے۔

  Preposition| حرفِ جر

Parts of speech کی چھٹی قسم Preposition ہے، جو ایک اسم یا ضمیر کا تعلق کسی دوسرے لفظ سے ظاہر کرتا ہے۔

A preposition shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word.

  Conjunction | حرفِ عطف

Parts of spe speech کی ساتویں قسم Conjunction ہے، اور ایک ا conjunction وہ ہوتا ہے جو دو الفاظ، فقروں اور شقوں کو جوڑتا ہے۔اور یہ بتاتا ہے کہ وہ کس طرح جڑے ہوئے ہیں۔

A conjunction joins two words, ideas, phrases or clauses together in a sentence, and shows how they are connected.

میں امتحانات میں اچھے نمبرات پارہا ہوں کیونکہ میں ہر روز پڑھتا ہوں۔

Interjection| فجائیہ

Parts of speech کی آٹھویں قسم Interjection ہے، اور یہ وہ لفظ یا جملہ ہوتا ہے جو احساسات وجذبات کی عکاسی کرتے ہیں۔

An interjection is a word or phrase that expresses a strong feeling or emotion.

 بہت سے اجزائے ترکیبی (Parts of speech) کئی ذیلی قسموں میں تقسیم ہو سکتے ہیں۔جیسے Preposition کو Preposition of time,  Preposition of place وغیرہ میں تقسیم کیا جاتا ہے۔ اور Noun کو Proper noun, Common noun اور Concrete noun وغیرہ میں تقسیم کیا جاسکتا ہے۔

اسی طرح یہ جاننا بھی ضروری ہے کہ ایک ہی لفظ کبھی Parts of speech کے ایک سے زیادہ Part حصہ بھی بن سکتا ہے۔

جیسے purpose (پرپَز) ایک اسم (noun) بھی ہے، اور فعل (verb) بھی ہے۔

اس سبق میں ہم نے بنیادی باتیں بیان کی ہیں، اور اجزائے ترکیبی کی تمام قسموں کو اجمالاً لکھا ہے۔ اور ان تمام قسموں کو ہم نے علیحدہ علیحدہ اسباق میں تفصیل سے بیان کیا ہے۔

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Guest Essay

I’m an Indian Muslim, and I’m Scared to Say So

By Mohammad Ali

Mr. Ali, a journalist and writer who focuses on right-wing efforts to transform India into a Hindu nation, wrote from Delhi.

I used to answer the phone with “Salam.” Not anymore. I don’t want people to know I’m a Muslim.

There is little that would identify me as Muslim to begin with, aside from my name. I don’t wear a skullcap, and in public I avoid wearing the loosefitting Pathani kurta and peppering my speech with Urdu words, all of which are identity markers for Indian Muslims. But in the India of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, you can’t take any chances.

For 10 years, Mr. Modi’s Hindu-chauvinist government has vilified the nation’s 200 million Muslims as dangerous undesirables. Recently, he took that rhetoric to a new low during the six weeks of voting in India’s national elections — which are widely expected to win him a third consecutive five-year term — directly referring to Muslims as “infiltrators” in a country that he and his followers seek to turn into a pure Hindu state.

As offensive as that was, it is sadly familiar to Indian Muslims like me who — after a decade of denigration, violence and murder — live in daily fear of being identified and attacked, forcing us into self-denial to protect ourselves.

India is home to one of the world’s largest Muslim populations. Islam came here around 1,300 years ago, and Indian Muslims descend from natives of this land who converted to Islam centuries ago. Many Indian Muslims fought against British colonization, and millions rejected the 1947 partition of the country into a predominantly Hindu India and a mostly Muslim Pakistan. India is our home, and people like me are proud patriots.

But Mr. Modi’s Hindu nationalism has made us the targets in what might be the largest radicalization of people on the planet. Its seeds were planted with the founding in 1925 of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, a right-wing Hindu organization that sought the establishment of a fully Hindu state in India and was inspired by the European fascism of that era. When Mr. Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party — a political offshoot of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh — won elections in 2014 and he became prime minister, he and his followers saw it as the civilizational moment that Hindus had been waiting for. Mr. Modi was the god-king who would free Hindu civilization from centuries of domination, first by a series of Muslim rulers culminating with the Mughal empire that ruled India for around three centuries and then by the British colonizers who followed.

Islamophobia isn’t new to India, and Muslims also faced prejudice and recurring violence during the generations in which the liberal upper-caste Hindu elite dominated the nation’s secular democratic politics. But under Mr. Modi’s right-wing leadership, hatred of Muslims has effectively become state policy. India is now a country where police have been accused of standing by as Hindus attack Muslims , where the killers of religious minorities go unpunished and where Hindu extremists openly call for the genocide of Muslims.

Protest, and you run the risk of having a Hindu mob unleashed on you. That’s what happened after Mr. Modi’s government in 2019 pushed through a citizenship law that discriminates against Muslims and his party promised to expel “infiltrators” from the country. When Indian Muslims protested, one of Mr. Modi’s supporters responded with a provocative speech that is blamed for sparking deadly clashes between Hindus and Muslims in Delhi in February 2020. Police were accused of looking the other way as Muslims had their shops destroyed, were assaulted and were even killed.

Bulldozers have become a symbol of this state terrorism — rolled out at right-wing rallies, tattooed on the arms of Modi supporters and featured in Hindu nationalist songs — because of their use in areas governed by the Bharatiya Janata Party to illegally knock down the homes and businesses of Muslims who dare to speak up. Some states have essentially made Muslim-Hindu relationships illegal, based on an absurd Hindu conspiracy theory that Muslim men are seducing Hindu women as part of a long-term plan to turn India into a Muslim nation.

The liberal Hindu elite, instead of acknowledging its role in enabling the sentiments on which Mr. Modi has capitalized, has done little to help, other than to ineffectually express nostalgia for a lost Hindu tolerance. And there is little that Indian Muslims can do within the political system: Although the Muslim share of India’s population has slowly grown to 14 percent, the percentage of Parliament members who are Muslim has declined to less than 5 percent today, compared with 9 percent in the early 1980s.

The Indian Muslim response to our subjugation has largely been a deafening silence. Many of us are simply unwilling to speak out against the Modi government’s bitter bargain: that for us to exist as Indian citizens, we must meekly accept historical revisionism, dehumanization and demonization.

This debasement, and the knowledge that you are essentially outside the protection of the law, kills something inside you. You take precautions to protect yourself. My mother no longer packs mutton for me to take back to Delhi after I visit her, as she used to. She’s afraid it will be mistaken for beef: Dozens of Muslims have reportedly been killed or assaulted by Hindu mobs on suspicion of killing cows — which are sacred to Hindus — or for eating or possessing beef. Muslim parents now routinely repeat a litany of don’ts to their children: Don’t appear Muslim in public, don’t reveal your name, don’t enter Hindu areas or travel alone and don’t get pulled into any potential confrontation.

While we caution one another to blend in, it’s difficult to reconcile with the whole thing. Each of us has something embedded in our sense of self and expression that is particularly painful to erase. And the sort of physical markers we are trying to hide are not even wholly specific to Muslims in India. My cousin likes to wear his Pathani kurta, but so do many Hindus. My youngest sister prefers to keep her head covered, but so do many Hindu women, although not with a hijab. I’m attached to using certain Urdu words that have long been a feature of India’s syncretic culture and have been used widely by Hindus, too.

Self-denial leads to deep frustration. Now during gatherings with friends and family, we avoid politics; discussing the elephant in the room only reminds us of our helplessness. The cumulative weight of all this has created a mental health crisis of fear and depression among Muslims. Yet because of a desperate shortage of mental health professionals in India and a limited understanding of our new reality by many non-Muslim therapists, many Muslims are left to cope on their own.

I was hesitant to write this essay. I am not supposed to protest, to speak up. When I sometimes do, posting online about it, the typical response is, “Go to Pakistan.” But why would I leave? I am an Indian. I was born here, as were my ancestors who opposed the religious basis of the partition with Pakistan and believed in the Indian ideals of secular democracy.

But many Muslims have fled over the years, emigrating to Australia, Canada, Britain, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, Malaysia or elsewhere because of the worsening political climate. Many who can’t afford to emigrate are moving out of the predominantly Hindu or mixed neighborhoods where they lived for decades, to poorer Muslim areas for safety. Two of my Muslim friends and I used to own apartments in a suburban area near New Delhi where many upper-caste Hindus lived. But in 2020, after the discriminatory citizenship law was passed, a Hindu mob charged through the neighborhood baying for Muslim blood. My two friends soon moved out. I kept my apartment, but in the elevator one evening in 2022, I overheard two men discussing how many katua (a derogatory term for Muslims that refers to circumcision) lived in the area. I moved out the next day. Sadly, Hindu friends and colleagues of mine also have become colder and more distant and are dropping out of contact.

On June 1, India’s voting period comes to a close. It looms as a day of dread for Muslims like me. According to most projections, it will be another victory for Mr. Modi — and further validation of mob rule and the debasement of 200 million Muslims by a hubristic Hindu majority.

Mohammad Ali (@hindureporter) is an independent journalist and writer who divides his time between New York and India. He is writing a book on growing up in India as Narendra Modi and his party have sought to transform India into a Hindu nation.

The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips . And here’s our email: [email protected] .

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