Quantitative Research
Aug 10, 2014
580 likes | 1.26k Views
Quantitative Research. Hypothesizing, counting, and reporting. Quantitative Research. Numbers-based – Quantitative research refers to the manipulation of numbers to make claims, provide evidence, describe phenomena, determine relationships, or determine causation.
Share Presentation
- year students
- human experience
- perform experiment
- very satisfied
Presentation Transcript
Quantitative Research Hypothesizing, counting, and reporting
Quantitative Research • Numbers-based – Quantitative research refers to the manipulation of numbers to make claims, provide evidence, describe phenomena, determine relationships, or determine causation. • Deductive – usually tests a hypothesis based on previous research. Numbers are important to determine when a hypothesis has been confirmed or not. You are looking FOR something. • Generalizable – through statistical or mathematical modeling, can make predictions about future events.
Quantitative research • Quantitative research often starts with an expectation about what you are going to find and then tests that expectation. • Follows a scientific method: • Define the question • Gather information and resources • Form hypothesis • Design experiment • Perform experiment and collect data • Analyze data • Interpret data and draw conclusions that serve as a starting point for new hypotheses • Publish results
Research Plan • As we follow this scientific method, recognize that it really is just a research plan, but in a more focused manner. You would still benefit much from working out the following BEFORE you conduct your study • Research Question • Method • Plan • Timeline
Define the Question • Defining the question, often called your research question, determines the scope of what you are able to research. A good research question should be (FINER): • Feasible – is it a realistic question to ask? • Interesting – will we learn something from it? • Novel – have very few people done it? • Ethical – does it respect the participants? • Relevant – will we be able to do something with the findings? Hulley S, Cummings S. (Eds ) Designing Clinical Research. Willimas & Wilkins: Baltimore, 1988
Defining the Question • To create a Quantitative Research Question • Define your participants • Define your issue • Define the variables of that issue • Ask a question of the participants, issue, and variable • Do DU students have part-time jobs that they enjoy? • Are college major and character class in World of Warcraft players correlated?
Gather Information and Resources • Text-Based Research is useful in helping you define your expectation (hypothesis). You want to find what has come before in the topic or related topics. You will rarely find your exact study (if you do, then your research question isn’t novel). You are looking for elements, pieces of your topic that have come before. • Previous studies have determined that experienced female MMORPG players have a primary motivation to play for social reasons (Yee, 2007). Other studies have shown no gender differences when looking at more than a single primary motivation (Tychsen, Hitchens, & Brolund, 2008). In these studies, the intention was to look at motivation in experienced RPG/MMORPG players—in my current study, I intend to look at motivation to play MMORPG World of Warcraft by non-experienced gamers.
Gather Information and Resources • Your experiences as well as those experiences of your friends can also be useful in helping you gather information and resources. • I have spent many hours in arenas with a rating of 2266 in 3v3. I have noticed in the past that my team tends to win more before noon server time and after 10 PM server time. Assuming Blizzard’s matchmaking for 3v3 arena matches remains consistent, it seems that the level of player is better during the afternoon and evening than it is at other times.
Form Hypothesis • What is your best guess as to the outcome of your Research Question • The hypothesis is based on your Research Question, but it is not phrased as a question – it is phrased as your best guess as to the outcome of that question • DU students do not enjoy their part-time work • College major and character class in World of Warcraft are not related. • You might create sub-hypotheses to account for other variables that you might consider relevant (e.g. gender, class-standing). You tag these on to the end of your initial hypothesis. • Seniors tend to enjoy their part-time work more than first-year students enjoy their work. • Female players tend to pick primarily caster classes whereas male students tend to pick non-caster classes.
Design Experiment • Determine what best would address the research question you are asking. In quantitative studies, a survey works the best because you can control responses. • Determine triangulation questions or observations for two reasons: • You don’t want it to be obvious what you are asking • Other variables may be affecting the outcome. • Refer to Chapter 8 in Situating Research (or the handout Conducting Surveys) when coming up with your Survey Questions • It’s a good idea to playtest your survey with one or more people so that they can give you feedback about what questions might be confusing.
Design Experiment • Likert-type scale (1-5) will allow you to “quantify” human beliefs, attitudes, and experiences. Likert-type scales are used often in social science, descriptive studies. • Usually ask positive questions, and then follow with whether the person agrees or disagrees. • Usually scaled so that higher numbers are positive/agreement, lower numbers negative/disagreement “A good writing class should consist of lectures on grammar” 1-strongly disagree, 2-disagree, 3-agree, 4-strongly agree “How satisfied are you with University of Denver’s dorms” 1-very unsatisfied, 2-unsatisfied, 3-satisfied, 4-very satisfied
Design Experiment • Planning your survey, your hypothesis, your plan is vital BEFORE you conduct your survey because you only get one shot at the survey.
The Final Four • Perform Experiment – remember to be professional, take notes (you never know what might effect your results), and ethical. • Analyze Data – Keep track of your data, put it in a spreadsheet, and work the numbers. We will be talking a bit about statistics here, but really, all you will be expected to do is descriptive analysis • Interpret Data and Draw Conclusions • Publish Results (see IMRAD PowerPoint)
Quantitative Research Ideas and Controversy
Quantitative Research • Experimental – testing whether a “thing” (independent variable) applied to a subject/group has an effect (dependant variable) • Two equal groups, one control, one experimental • Pre-test, post-test • Quasi-experimental – testing whether a “thing” applied to a subject/group has an effect but without being able to • Actively apply the “thing” • Control for other variables • Descriptive – testing whether an effect is apparent or not • Inferential – testing whether two or more sets of already determined data are related or not; testing whether two or more sets of data can provide new data.
Quantitative Controversy • Some scholars believe that human experience, attitudes and beliefs cannot be quantified. • A person’s “feelings” can change from day to day with little conscious thought of the fact • Some scholars believe that quantitative research is trusted more than it should be • Bridges still collapse, spaceships still get lost, new cars still break down, pharmaceutical companies still produce harmful drugs, computers still crash • Some scholars believe that quantitative research is reductive • Statistically speaking, your SAT has already predicted what your final college GPA is going to be. Will you only ever be 1400 or 3.6 smart? • Some scholars believe that quantitative research misses important nuances • In a ChangeWave survey, the iPhone had the highest customer satisfaction with 79% of the sample “very satisfied.”
Very Short Guide to Stats for SGR Basics of aggregate and statistical data
Inferential v. Descriptive • Descriptive statistics “describe” the data of a sample or population. They are usually aggregate data • Average (Mean) GPA • Standard Deviation of SAT score • Inferential statistics “infer” (i.e. conclude) relationships between a sample AND a population, or “infer” past, present or future results of a sample/population based on its data. • Regression/correlation analysis of GPA and SAT (relationship between SAT and GPA, and SAT can be used to predict GPA)
N = number of participations • In inferential statistics, you would refer to the number of participants in your survey as N. If it is a sample or part of a whole, it is n (lowercase), and if it is a total population, it is N (uppercase). • Population: N = 4,432 • Sample: n = 100 • In descriptive studies and descriptive statistics, it is common to refer to participants as N, subgroups of those participants as n • Of the total students surveyed (N = 100), only 10% (n = 10) were male.
Measures of central tendency • Central Tendency measures common “middles” • Mean is the arithmetic average of items or values • Mode is the most occurring item or value • Median is the item or value of which 50% are greater and 50% are less. • Sometimes GPA or time can be used as a measure, but another measure is one of attitudes and beliefs using a Likert-type scale. • Standard Deviation is a measure of the spread of items or values in a series. Understanding the variation can help you see how close a particular item or value is to other numbers. • Distribution (Histogram) is a visual representation of the number of a particular result in an array of numbers. In this series (number of hours I played WoW over break):8, 0, 0, 3, 2, 10, 0 • Mean = 3.29, Mode = 0, Median = 2, SD = 4.11 In this series (number of hours I worked this week):8, 8, 8, 8, 6, 6, 5 • Mean = 7, Mode = 8, Median = 8, SD = 1.29
Using Excel to do your stats • Mean { =average(range) } • You can compute mode { =mode(range) } or median {=median(range) }, but they might not be as useful in this project. • Standard Deviation { =stdev(range) } • You can also count the number of instances of a value including instances of text: { =countif(range,”value”) } • The following example would count every instance of “male” in the range: =countif(A2:A7,”male”) • You can create frequency distribution histograms by using Tools -> Data Analysis, then Historgram. Histograms count the number of instances of a result in a given array. You can also find these commands by using Insert -> Function. There are also far more complex inferential statistics available in Excel • You can do a complete Descriptive Stats Summary by selecting Tools > Data Analysis (If you don’t see a Data Analysis, then (Excel 2003) Tools > Add-ins > Analysis ToolPak; (Excel 2007) Excel Options > Add-ins > Manage Add-ins > Analysis ToolPak
Writing Stats in APA • Standard Deviation = SD • Mean = M • Descriptive statistics are often written in parentheses after an item that the statistic refers to, and symbols and numbers should be separated by a space • In a survey of DU students, participants (N = 100) responded that money was more important (M = 4.2, SD = .9) than experience (M = 3.5, SD = .76) in selecting a summer job. • In a survey of computer game addicts, females (n = 15) were more likely to be depressed during withdrawal (M = 5.2, SD = .45) than males were (n = 78, M = 3.2, SD = .98) • Chapter 8 in Situating Research has more about this.
Charts and Graphs It’s important in doing graphs that you compute an aggregate (sum, average, SD, something) before graphing information. You cannot just Select All of data and make a graph out of it. • Pie graphs – good for showing distributions of a total population (you will have to compute aggregates first) • Line graphs – good for showing time-based, linear progression • Column/Bar graphs – good for showing distribution of individual responses (you will have to create aggregates first) • Y-Axis (vertical) for variables, X-Axis (horizontal) for participants.
- More by User
Adequate experimental control Lack of artificiality Basis for comparison Adequate information from the data Uncontaminated data No confounding of relevant variables Representativeness Parsimony. Pretest-posttest control group design Posttest only control group design
651 views • 14 slides
Quantitative Research. March 8. Quiz Assignments Experimental Research Quantitative Research Emotional Intelligence Survey Validity, Reliability, Error Characteristics of Surveys. Laboratory Experiments Artificial – low realism Few extraneous variables High control Low cost
1.35k views • 71 slides
Quantitative Research. Overview. Observational. Definition - Directly observing naturally occurring behavior unobtrusively, typically in the field, but can also take place in laboratory settings Pros
723 views • 16 slides
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
HYPOTHESES[see pp. 176-179]. I. Defining hypotheses A. Statements posing a relationship between 2 or more variables.B. Usually emerge out of substantial literature review. C. Types of relationships.1. Covariance (correlative)a. Vary together but not causal. b. Can be positive or negati
619 views • 14 slides
Quantitative Research. Descriptive Research. Also called “Survey Research” Describes the way things exist Data collected Test hypothesis Or to classify opinions on issues/topics. Descriptive Research. Most common research Surveys conducted
668 views • 44 slides
Quantitative Research. LeAnne Garland Linda Martin Tony McCullers May Xiong. Image from: http://www.ryerson.ca/~mjoppe/ResearchProcess/QuantitativeResearch.htm . Definition.
903 views • 14 slides
Quantitative Audience Research
Quantitative Audience Research . My chosen show is The Big Bang Theory Season 1-Average audience of 8.31 Million Season 2-Average audience of 10 Million Season 3-Average audience of 14.14 Million Season 4-Average audience of 13.14 Million Season 5-Average audience of 15.82 Million
166 views • 8 slides
Quantitative Research. A Game! How can quantitative research be fun? You’ll see!. Goals for the Game. Choose a button. Each button includes: Points Question When you answer the question correctly, you get the points! You answer incorrectly, you get the points taken away.
239 views • 16 slides
Quantitative Research. Experimental. Experimental Research. Cause and effect relationships are established by manipulating the INDEPENDENT variable(s) and observing the effect on the DEPENDENT variable.
269 views • 18 slides
Quantitative Research. In this lesson, we will deepen our skills in quantitative research methods to: Explain how survey tools can be used to evaluate your campaign’s impact. Describe the value of sample size for your quantitative research and measurement of impact.
742 views • 32 slides
Reality is ‘out there’ waiting to be captured. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH. Stems from positivism, determinism, materialism and empiricism. POSITIVISM. The universe consists of real, independent phenomena that we can come to know through direct observation.
553 views • 27 slides
474 views • 16 slides
Quantitative research
Quantitative research. DEFINITION. Quantitative research is a formal, objective, systematic process in which numerical data are used to obtain information about the world. This research method is used: to describe variables; to examine relationships among variables;
561 views • 41 slides
Quantitative Research Services
Looking for Quantitative Research Services? If yes, we are for you! We are The Research Consulting Group and we offer a range of highly professional quantitative research services that you can trust and rely on. We are a qualified team dedicated to providing you with the best services. Visit us now Click at https://www.theresearchconsultinggroup.com
83 views • 4 slides
Quantitative Research. Counting, and reporting. Quantitative Research. Numbers-based – Quantitative research refers to the manipulation of numbers to make claims, provide evidence, describe phenomena, determine relationships, or determine causation.
797 views • 29 slides
Pretest-posttest Nonequivalent Control Group Design Time Series Design Single Subject Design Multiple Baseline Designs. Survey Research Cross-Sectional Design Longitudinal Survey Designs Trend Study Cohort Study Panel Study. Quantitative Research. Quasi-Experimental Designs.
310 views • 8 slides
Quantitative Research Designs
Quantitative Research Designs. Questions for Thought. What is the difference between experimental, quasi-experimental, and nonexperimental ?. Research Design. Research Design It is the researcher’s overall plan for Answering the research question Testing the research hypotheses.
576 views • 48 slides
Quantitative Research. SPED 500 Dr. Sandra Beyda. Designs that maximize objectivity by using numbers, statistics, structure, and experimenter control. Modes Experimental mode Non-experimental mode. Quantitative Research. Structure of a Data Based Study. Abstract Introduction Method
318 views • 25 slides
815 views • 14 slides
9. Quantitative Research Designs. Learning Objectives. Identify Criteria For Exploratory, Descriptive, And Explanatory Studies Define Experimental Research Differentiate Between Internal And External Validity In Experimental Designs Identify Six Threats To Internal Validity
881 views • 80 slides
Quantitative Market Research |Quantitative Market Research | Qualitative Market Research
Grain Insights understands that to be a leader in the industry, you continuously need to be monitoring your marketing efforts to improve your approach. With its Qualitative Market Research, it is easy to understand consumer behavior, changing preference patterns and events that impact markets.
110 views • 5 slides
Please log in to save materials. Log in
- Resource Library
- Research Methods
- VIVA Grant Recipients
- Vgr-social-work-research
Education Standards
Radford university.
Learning Domain: Social Work
Standard: Basic Research Methodology
Lesson 10: Sampling in Qualitative Research
Lesson 11: qualitative measurement & rigor, lesson 12: qualitative design & data gathering, lesson 1: introduction to research, lesson 2: getting started with your research project, lesson 3: critical information literacy, lesson 4: paradigm, theory, and causality, lesson 5: research questions, lesson 6: ethics, lesson 7: measurement in quantitative research, lesson 8: sampling in quantitative research, lesson 9: quantitative research designs, powerpoint slides: sowk 621.01: research i: basic research methodology.
The twelve lessons for SOWK 621.01: Research I: Basic Research Methodology as previously taught by Dr. Matthew DeCarlo at Radford University. Dr. DeCarlo and his team developed a complete package of materials that includes a textbook, ancillary materials, and a student workbook as part of a VIVA Open Course Grant.
The PowerPoint slides associated with the twelve lessons of the course, SOWK 621.01: Research I: Basic Research Methodology, as previously taught by Dr. Matthew DeCarlo at Radford University.
Version History
- My presentations
Auth with social network:
Download presentation
We think you have liked this presentation. If you wish to download it, please recommend it to your friends in any social system. Share buttons are a little bit lower. Thank you!
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that supports HTML5 video
CHAPTER 1 Understanding RESEARCH
Published by Asher Rich Modified over 8 years ago
Similar presentations
Presentation on theme: "CHAPTER 1 Understanding RESEARCH"— Presentation transcript:
Diversity in Management Research
Meaning of Research 1) Research refers to a search for knowledge.
Chapter 2 The Process of Experimentation
Animal, Plant & Soil Science
CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS RESEARCH?.
Research Methods in Crime and Justice Chapter 4 Classifying Research.
Introduction to Research Methodology
RESEARCH METHODS Introduction to Research Lecture 1:
DECO3008 Design Computing Preparatory Honours Research KCDCC Mike Rosenman Rm 279
Introduction to Research
Sabine Mendes Lima Moura Issues in Research Methodology PUC – November 2014.
Outline: Research Methodology: Case Study - what is case study
Research Methodology MGT TYPES OF RESEARCH MR. I. MAYURRAN.
Introduction to Social Science Research
Research Methodology Lecture 1.
(Business Research Methods)
An Introduction to Research Methodology
SIMAD University Research Process Ali Yassin Sheikh.
McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Nature of Research Chapter One.
SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION
About project
© 2024 SlidePlayer.com Inc. All rights reserved.
IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
41 Analyzing a Research Report Examine parts of report in depth for accuracy, completeness, uniqueness of information, and organization. ... Download ppt "Introduction to the Quantitative Research Process" Similar presentations ... Chapter 1 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Chapter 1 Nature and Purpose of Research.
It shows that on the pre-test majority of the. respondents had a low range score in Endurance Dimension of AQ® (49 or. 27.07%) and the rest got a below average score (61 or 33.70%), 47 or 25.97%. got an average score, 19 or 10.48% got an above average score and 5 or 2.76%. got a high score.
1 III. How to Write Chapter 1 - The Problem and Its Background Back to Contents. 2 The intention of the 1st paragraph is to provide the readers a mental warm-up, thus giving them information and readiness as to what the research is all about. It should introduce the study and justify the problem. The 2nd paragraph carries the bulk of the ...
Chapter 1 Nature and Purpose of Research - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. This document discusses and defines what research is and what it is not. It provides definitions of research from dictionaries and outlines that research is a systematic process that applies methods to provide trustworthy information ...
Introduction to Quantitative Research Methods. MEd Support Session 25 March 2013 Dr Surette van Staden. Research Methodology. Quantitative Research Inferring evidence for a theory through measurement of variables that produce numeric outcomes. Qualitative research. Download Presentation.
PARTS OF CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION: The introduction serves as the opening chapter of a research paper and provides an overview of the study. It presents the context and background of the research topic, highlighting its relevance and significance. The introduction outlines the purpose of the study and typically includes
1. Quantitative research uses statistically analyzed numerical data to investigate observable phenomena in an objective and systematic manner. 2. It is characterized by large sample sizes, visual data presentation, faster data analysis and collection, generalizable and reliable data, and replication. Its strengths include replicable findings, establishing cause and effect, and predicting ...
Presentation Transcript. Quantitative Research • Numbers-based - Quantitative research refers to the manipulation of numbers to make claims, provide evidence, describe phenomena, determine relationships, or determine causation. • Deductive - usually tests a hypothesis based on previous research. Numbers are important to determine when a ...
Dr. DeCarlo and his team developed a complete package of materials that includes a textbook, ancillary materials, and a student workbook as part of a VIVA Open Course Grant. The PowerPoint slides associated with the twelve lessons of the course, SOWK 621.01: Research I: Basic Research Methodology, as previously taught by Dr. Matthew DeCarlo at ...
Download ppt "CHAPTER 1 Understanding RESEARCH". Definition of Research Research: is a structured inquiry that utilizes acceptable scientific methodology to solve problems and create new knowledge that is generally applicable. Research: is a careful and systematic study and investigation in any field of knowledge, undertaken to establish facts ...
1) The document discusses the key components of a practical research study including the rationale, research objectives, hypotheses, theoretical and conceptual framework, significance of the study, and definition of terms. 2) It emphasizes that the objectives must be clearly defined and specific, and that the hypotheses guides what will be measured and relationships examined. 3) The document ...
CHAPTER 1 of a RESEARCH PAPER Liza Heyrosa Parts of Chapter 1 Parts of Chapter 1 Parts of Chapter 1 Parts of Chapter 1 Introduction A Sample Introduction Background of the Study It is also an overview of factors which have led to the problems, comprise the problem and historical
Parts-of-a-quantitative-research-paper-1.pptx - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt / .pptx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site.