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Reasoning and Writing: An Introduction to Critical Thinking
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OGIC & ARGUMENTATION (VOLUME 5) The first section deals with different ways, approaches or methods of the doing of philosophy or the methodology of philosophizing or the discourse and socio-cultural practice of the Western tradition of philosophy. I then insert a number of articles and post concerning the fact that Philosophy in the Western World concentrates on the History of the Western Tradition of philosophical ideas, complaints that it is white, male and Euro-centered and that it has become too academic, professional and institutionalized. The subsequent sections deal with the topics of Logic and a number of notions related to ‘logic’. The logic referred to are those that are relevant to philosophy or the doing of philosophizing. Truth, meaning, arguments and argumentation are then dealt with. This leads to another section on logic and finally reasoning is mentioned as the coming together of most of the previous sections. If you wish to think and write about multi-dimensional things like the ‘world’, embodied persons, consciousness, human thinking etc, you should at least think multi-dimensional and many levelled. Attempting to investigate, reflect on and describe the nature and functioning of these multi-dimensional, many-levelled entities in a one-dimensional, verbal, linear manner surely is irrational and do not make sense? Visual Argument Mapping is one of these multi-dimensional, many-levelled tools. (See Appendix)
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SOCRATES AND GREGORY VLASTOS : THE POWER OF ELENCHOS IN THE GORGIAS September 1994 ASLI GOCER, B . A . , BENNINGTON COLLEGE M.A., NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Ph.D., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Gareth B. Matthews Gregory Vlastos claims that in the Gorgias Socrates is confident that the elenchos is the only and the final arbiter of moral truth. Traditionally, the object of elenchos has been viewed as not one of moral truth, but one of simply revealing to Socratic interlocutors confusions and muddles within themselves, thereby jarring their unquestioning adherence to some moral dogma. On Vlastos' view, however, Socrates claims that he proves by elenchos that an interlocutor's thesis is false. How can he, when in point of logic all he has proved is that the thesis is inconsistent with the agreed-upon premises in that argument whose truth Socrates does not undertake to establish? While Vlastos attempts to solve what he calls "the problem of elencho...
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Logic and Critical Thinking (I Year I Semester) Course OutLine
- Logic and Critical Thinking (I Year I Semester)
- Course OutLine
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Course name:logic and critical thinking (i year i semester) by mr. mitku assefa ; course code: loct 1011.
LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING MODULE COURSE
PHIL 110: Logic and Critical Thinking
Students will develop rational thinking skills through a combination of theory and practice. They will discuss good and bad thinking habits, learning to apply the former and to avoid the latter. This class includes an introduction to truth-tables and rules of inference in symbolic logic. The aim is to improve students' capacity for rational reasoning, question widely held beliefs, resist empty rhetoric and propaganda, distinguish relevant from irrelevant considerations, and construct sound arguments. PHIL 110 satisfies the math requirement for some majors.
Logical Reasoning
Bradley H. Dowden, California State University Sacramento
Copyright Year: 2017
Publisher: Bradley H. Dowden
Language: English
Formats Available
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Reviewed by Matt Carlson, Assistant Professor, Wabash College on 8/6/19
This book takes a "kitchen sink" approach to the material that might be taught in a standard critical thinking course. There is far more material here than could be taught in one semester. The good news, though, is that the chapters are, for the... read more
Comprehensiveness rating: 5 see less
This book takes a "kitchen sink" approach to the material that might be taught in a standard critical thinking course. There is far more material here than could be taught in one semester. The good news, though, is that the chapters are, for the most part, independent of one another, so the book could be used in a relatively modular way.
Content Accuracy rating: 4
Generally good, but I found the use of 'logic' and its cognates to be a little confusing at times. If anything, this book is really about applied epistemology more than logic. That by itself isn't a criticism; it should just be called what it is. But this does introduce some problems in the sections more specifically about logic. The definition of deductive validity and implication, for example, are given in terms of certainty. The author warns against interpreting 'certainty' psychologically, but gives no clue as how to how it might be meant in a logical sense. It follows from this definition that it is possible to have P,Q such that Q "follows from P with certainty" but Q is not certain. I know what is meant by this because I already have background in logic, but I think students will be confused.
Relevance/Longevity rating: 4
A bit of a mixed bag here. I really liked the added section on "Fake News and Misinformation". I haven't seen that in a critical thinking book before, and I thought it was a valuable addition that was clearly informed by current research. I would have appreciated more guidance as to how to judge whether a source is reliable. Of course this is a hard problem (see Goldman's classic "Experts" paper), but the book just gave us a short list of reliable sources. Surely critical thinkers will ask: "But why are *those* sources reliable?"
Clarity rating: 3
The book is generally readable. But it introduces many, many distinctions and new pieces of terminology. Almost all of them are briefly explained when they are introduced, but the sheer number of terms and distinctions is difficult to keep track of. I found this to be a problem in the exercises in particular. Many of the exercises require students to employ the fine distinctions given in the text, but they haven't really been given much guidance (typically, just one example per term is given) as to how to apply those distinctions. As these are a little idiosyncratic in places, I admit that I sometimes had a hard time discerning what the intended "right answer" was supposed to be.
Consistency rating: 4
The book is generally consistent, or at least as consistent as it can be given the "kitchen-sink" approach to content that it employs.
Modularity rating: 5
See above remarks. One virtue of this text is its modularity.
Organization/Structure/Flow rating: 4
Generally good, though I found it a little strange that topics in logic (e.g. deductive validity) were briefly introduced early on, and then discussed in much more detail only in later chapters.
Interface rating: 5
Generally good.
Grammatical Errors rating: 4
Cultural Relevance rating: 5
I appreciated the wide variety of examples given.
As I said above, I think 'logical' in the title, "Logical Reasoning" is a misnomer. This is, for the most part, a book in applied epistemology and philosophy of science. And I think it generally does well in those areas. If one wants a book in logic, there are better open access choices; specifically works in the Open Logic Project, which I cannot recommend highly enough.
On an unrelated note, I found the sections on inductive reasoning somewhat confusing. I'm not sure how helpful it is to discuss inductive/statistical reasoning without requiring the student to do any mathematics. I suppose it is helpful for the student to be aware of pitfalls in statistical reasoning---and the book is helpful here---but students reading this book would have a hard time applying what that they learned about e.g. statistical significance to new cases, I think.
Table of Contents
- Chapter 1 How to Reason Logically
- Chapter 2 Claims, Issues, and Arguments
- Chapter 3 Writing with the Appropriate Precision
- Chapter 4 How to Evaluate Information and Judge Credibility
- Chapter 5 Obstacles to Better Communication
- Chapter 6 Writing to Convince Others
- Chapter 7 Defending Against Deception
- Chapter 8 Detecting Fallacies
- Chapter 9 Consistency and Inconsistency
- Chapter 10 Deductive Reasoning
- Chapter 11 Logical Form and Sentential Logic
- Chapter 12 Aristotelian Logic and Venn-Euler Diagrams
- Chapter 13 Inductive Reasoning
- Chapter 14 Reasoning about Causes and Their Effects
- Chapter 15 Scientific Reasoning
Ancillary Material
About the book.
The goal of this book is to improve your logical-reasoning skills. These skills are also called "critical thinking skills." They are a complex weave of abilities that help you get someone's point, generate reasons for your own point, evaluate the reasons given by others, decide what or what not to do, decide what information to accept or reject, explain a complicated idea, apply conscious quality control as you think, and resist propaganda. Your most important critical thinking skill is your skill at making judgments─not snap judgments that occur in the blink of an eye, but those that require careful reasoning.
This book is also available as an adaptable Word file .
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1: Introduction to Critical Thinking, Reasoning, and Logic
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What is thinking? It may seem strange to begin a logic textbook with this question. ‘Thinking’ is perhaps the most intimate and personal thing that people do. Yet the more you ‘think’ about thinking, the more mysterious it can appear. It is the sort of thing that one intuitively or naturally understands, and yet cannot describe to others without great difficulty. Many people believe that logic is very abstract, dispassionate, complicated, and even cold. But in fact the study of logic is nothing more intimidating or obscure than this: the study of good thinking.
- 1.1: Prelude to Chapter
- 1.2: Introduction and Thought Experiments- The Trolley Problem
- 1.3: Truth and Its Role in Argumentation - Certainty, Probability, and Monty Hall Only certain sorts of sentences can be used in arguments. We call these sentences propositions, statements or claims.
- 1.4: Distinction of Proof from Verification; Our Biases and the Forer Effect
- 1.5: The Scientific Method The procedure that scientists use is also a standard form of argument. Its conclusions only give you the likelihood or the probability that something is true (if your theory or hypothesis is confirmed), and not the certainty that it’s true. But when it is done correctly, the conclusions it reaches are very well-grounded in experimental evidence.
- 1.6: Diagramming Thoughts and Arguments - Analyzing News Media
- 1.7: Creating a Philosophical Outline
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Introduction to logic and critical thinking
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LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING COURSE CODE: PHIL 1011 . By: Teklay G. (AkU), Adane T. (MU), and Zelalem M. (HMU) Page 2 LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING MODULE ... The course, Logic and Critical Thinking, is a high-level thought course in the discipline of philosophy. It is a philosophical inquiry that takes argumentation and reasoning as its basic ...
logic pdf of ethiopia. 4 pages 2015/2016 None. 2015/2016 None. Save. Evaluating Arguments. 7 pages 2024/2025 None. 2024/2025 None. Save. Critical Take Home Test 2. ... logic and critical thinking (PHIL 1011) 1 month ago. Construct a sentence using an appeal to force dealing with an automobile collision (more) 0 1.
Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking pg 139-146 Clear and Present Thinking pg 63-66 (plus exercises on pg 69-70) An Introduction to Reasoning pg 2-5 (plus exercises on pg 17) Chapter 6 is derived from Fundamental Methods of Logic pg 163-175 Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking pg 158-169 Chapter 7 is derived from
This is an introductory textbook in logic and critical thinking. The goal of the textbook is to provide the reader with a set of tools and skills that will enable them to identify and evaluate arguments. The book is intended for an introductory course that covers both formal and informal logic. As such, it is not a formal logic textbook, but is closer to what one would find marketed as a ...
Logic and critical thinking (Ph 1011) 1 month ago Define a categorical proposition, elucidate the four standards of categorical propositions, and analyze the attributes of such propositions concerning quality and quantity.
Download Free PDF. Reasoning and Writing: An Introduction to Critical Thinking ... FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND HIGHER EDUCATION LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING COURSE CODE: PHIL 1011. Download Free ... to Logic is an introduction to formal logic suitable for undergraduates taking a general education course in ...
LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING MODULE COURSE. View Details Download (907) Wollo University's Ethio-Open CourseWare (EOPCW) is a web-based publication of all educational contents virtually . we provide lectures, blogs, forums and materials for free.
This is an introductory textbook in logic and critical thinking. Both logic and critical thinking centrally involve the analysis and assessment of arguments. "Argument" is a word that has multiple distinct meanings, so it is important to be clear from the start about the sense of the word that is relevant to the study of logic.
PHIL 110: Logic and Critical Thinking. Students will develop rational thinking skills through a combination of theory and practice. They will discuss good and bad thinking habits, learning to apply the former and to avoid the latter. This class includes an introduction to truth-tables and rules of inference in symbolic logic. The aim is to ...
The goal of this book is to improve your logical-reasoning skills. These skills are also called "critical thinking skills." They are a complex weave of abilities that help you get someone's point, generate reasons for your own point, evaluate the reasons given by others, decide what or what not to do, decide what information to accept or reject, explain a complicated idea, apply ...
2 MODULE INTRODUCTION Dear Students , The course, Logic and Critical Thinking, is a high-level thought course in the discipline of philosophy. It is a philosophical inquiry that takes argumentation and reasoning as its basic objects of investigation. It attempts to introduce the fundamental concepts of logic and methods of logical argumentation ...
View CRITICAL THINKING module I.pdf from MATH 214 at Ateneo de Davao University. ... Page 1 FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND HIGHER EDUCATION LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING COURSE CODE: PHIL 1011 . By: Teklay G ... and Zelalem M. (HMU) Page 8 COURSE INTRODUCTION Dear learners , The course, Logic and Critical Thinking ...
4_6021632487879347263 - Free ebook download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt / .pptx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online.
1 1 Critical Thinking: An Introduction. Logic and Logical Fallacies Lecture II 2 Truth Tables and Logical Operators zFace it…some things are either true or false (specifying this formally is called "propositional calculus") zA "proposition" is a meaningful statement zLimited number of operators: not, and, or, if…then, if and only if zTruth tables chart truth value of proposition by ...
ConCepts and tools. By Dr. Richard Paul and Dr. Linda Elder. The Foundation for Critical Thinking. www.criticalthinking.org 707-878-9100 [email protected]. Why A Critical Thinking Mini-Guide? This miniature guide focuses on of the essence of critical thinking concepts and tools distilled into pocket size.
It may seem strange to begin a logic textbook with this question. 'Thinking' is perhaps the most intimate and personal thing that people do. Yet the more you 'think' about thinking, the more mysterious it can appear. It is the sort of thing that one intuitively or naturally understands, and yet cannot describe to others without great ...
The art of reasoning : an introduction to logic and critical thinking by Kelley, David, 1949-Publication date 2014 Topics Reasoning, Logic Publisher New York London : W. W. Norton & Company, Inc ... Pdf_module_version 0.0.20 Ppi 360 Rcs_key 24143 Republisher_date 20221026045247 Republisher_operator [email protected] ...
Logic_and_Critical_Thinking__handout.docx - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free.
LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING COURSE CODE: LoCT 1011 COURSE CRDIT HOURS: 3 COURSE INTRODUCTION The course, Logic and Critical Thinking, is a sub-discipline of philosophy. It is an inquiry which takes reasoning as its basic object of investigation, and attempts to introduce the fundamental concepts of logic and methods of logical reasoning and critical thinking.
in "Logic and"—courses the formal titles of which typically begin with the words "Logic and" and end with something after the "and." Often what is in-cluded after the "and" is "Critical Thinking," though this is not universal. In any case, the expectation is that in courses of these kinds, students will learn about
Course Description. Critical thinking is a necessary skill for anyone to be able to objectively analyze and evaluate an issue prior to making a decision or form judgement. In this course students are introduced to the processes of logical reasoning to interpret arguments, learn how to. The syllabus/schedule are subject to change.
Introduction to logic and critical thinking by Salmon, Merrilee H. Publication date 1995 Topics Logic, Reasoning Publisher Fort Worth : Harcourt Brace College Publishers ... Pdf_module_version 0.0.19 Ppi 300 Rcs_key 24143 Republisher_date 20200926141811 Republisher_operator [email protected] ...
Logic and Critical Thinking Chapter 1: Logic and Philosophy- Meaning and Nature of Philosophy - Basic Features of Philosophy - Core Fields of Philosophy ...