research paper topics about religion

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215 Religion Research Paper Topics for College Students

Studying religion at a college or a university may be a challenging course for any student. This isn’t because religion is always a sensitive issue in society, it is because the study of religion is broad, and crafting religious topics for research papers around them may be further complex for students. This is why sociology of religion research topics and many others are here, all for your use.

As students of a university or a college, it is essential to prepare religious topics for research papers in advance. There are many research paper topics on religion, and this is why the scope of religion remains consistently broad. They extend to the sociology of religion, research paper topics on society, argumentative essay topics, and lots more. All these will be examined in this article. Rather than comb through your books in search of inspiration for your next essay or research paper, you can easily choose a topic for your religious essay or paper from the following recommendations:

World Religion Research Paper Topics

If you want to broaden your scope as a university student to topics across religions of the world, there are religion discussion topics to consider. These topics are not just for discussion in classes, you can craft research around them. Consider:

• The role of myths in shaping the world: Greek myths and their influence on the evolution of European religions
• Modern History: The attitude of modern Europe on the history of their religion
• The connection between religion and science in the medieval and modern world
• The mystery in the books of Dan Brown is nothing but fiction: discuss how mystery shapes religious beliefs
• Theocracy: an examination of theocratic states in contemporary society
• The role of Christianity in the modern world
• The myth surrounding the writing of the Bible
• The concept of religion and patriarchy: examine two religions and how it oppresses women
• People and religion in everyday life: how lifestyle and culture is influenced by religion
• The modern society and the changes in the religious view from the medieval period
• The interdependence of laws and religion is a contemporary thing: what is the role of law in religion and what is the role of religion in law?
• What marked the shift from religion to humanism?
• What do totemism and animalism denote?
• Pre Colonial religion in Africa is savagery and barbaric: discuss
• Cite three religions and express their views on the human soul
• Hinduism influenced Indian culture in ways no religion has: discuss
• Africans are more religious than Europeans who introduced Christian religion to them: discuss
• Account for the evolution of Confucianism and how it shaped Chinese culture to date
• Account for the concept of the history of evolution according to Science and according to a religion and how it influences the ideas of the religious soul
• What is religious education and how can it promote diversity or unity?7
• Workplace and religion: how religion is extended to all facets of life
• The concept of fear in maintaining religious authorities: how authorities in religious places inspire fear for absolute devotion
• Afro-American religion: a study of African religion in America
• The Bible and its role in religions
• Religion is more of emotions than logic
• Choose five religions of the world and study the similarities in their ideas
• The role of religious leaders in combating global terrorism
• Terrorism: the place of religion in promoting violence in the Middle East
• The influence of religion in modern-day politics
• What will the world be like without religion or religious extremists?
• Religion in the growth of communist Russia: how cultural revolution is synonymous with religion
• Religion in the growth of communist China: how cultural revolution is synonymous with religion
• The study of religions and ethnic rivalries in India
• Terrorism in Islam is a comeback to the crusades
• The role of the Thirty Years of War in shaping world diplomacy
• The role of the Thirty Years of War in shaping plurality in Christianity
• The religion and the promotion of economics
• The place of world religions on homosexuality
• Why does a country, the Vatican City, belong to the Catholic Church?
• God and the concept of the supernatural: examine the idea that God is a supernatural being
• The influence of religion in contemporary Japan
• Religion and populism in the modern world
• The difference between mythical creatures and gods
• Polytheism and the possibility of world peace
• Religion and violence in secular societies?
• Warfare and subjugation in the spread of religion
• The policies against migrant in Poland is targeted against Islam
• The role of international organizations in maintaining religious peace
• International terrorist organizations and the decline of order

Research Paper Topics Religion and Society

As a student in a university or MBA student, you may be requested to write an informed paper on sociology and religion. There are many sociology religion research paper topics for these segments although they may be hard to develop. You can choose out of the following topics or rephrase them to suit your research interest:

• The influence of religion on the understanding of morality
• The role of religion in marginalizing the LGBTQ community
• The role of women in religion
• Faith crisis in Christianity and Islamic religions
• The role of colonialism in the spreading of religion: the spread of Christianity and Islam is a mortal sin
• How does religion shape our sexual lifestyle?
• The concept of childhood innocence in religion
• Religion as the object of hope for the poor: how religion is used as a tool for servitude by the elite
• The impact of traditional beliefs in today’s secular societies
• How religion promotes society and how it can destroy it
• The knowledge of religion from the eyes of a sociologist
• Religious pluralism in America: how diverse religions struggle to strive
• Social stratification and its role in shaping religious groups in America
• The concept of organized religion: why the belief in God is not enough to join a religious group
• The family has the biggest influence on religious choices: examine how childhood influences the adult’s religious interests
• Islamophobia in European societies and anti-Semitism in America
• The views of Christianity on interfaith marriage
• The views of Islam on interfaith marriage
• The difference between spirituality and religion
• The role of discipline in maintaining strict religious edicts
• How do people tell others about their religion?
• The features of religion in sociology
• What are the views of Karl Marx on religion?
• What are the views of Frederic Engels on religion?
• Modern Islam: the conflict of pluralism and secularism
• Choose two religions and explore their concepts of divorce
• Governance and religion: how religion is also a tool of control
• The changes in religious ideas with technological evolution
• Theology is the study of God for God, not humans
• The most feared religion: how Islamic extremists became identified as terrorist organizations
• The role of cults in the society: why religious people still have cults affiliations
• The concept of religious inequality in the US
• What does religion say about sexual violence?

Religion Essay Topics

As a college student, you may be required to write an essay on religion or morality. You may need to access a lot of religious essay topics to find inspiration for a topic of your choice. Rather than go through the stress of compiling, you can get more information for better performance from religion topics for research paper like:

• The origin of Jihad in Islam and how it has evolved
• Compare the similarities and differences between Christian and Judaism religions
• The Thirty Years War and the Catholic church
• The Holocaust: historic aggression or a religious war
• Religion is a tool of oppression from the political and economic perspectives
• The concept of patriarchy in religion
• Baptism and synonym to ritual sacrifice
• The life of Jesus Christ and the themes of theology
• The life of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) and the themes of theology
• How can religion be used to promote world peace?
• Analyze how Jesus died and the reason for his death
• Analyze the event of the birth of Christ
• The betrayal of Jesus is merely to fulfill a prophecy
• Does “prophecy” exist anywhere in religion?
• The role of war in promoting religion: how crusades and terrorist attacks shape the modern world
• The concept of Karma: is Karma real?
• Who are the major theorists in religion and what do they say?
• The connection of sociology with religion
• Why must everyone be born again according to Christians?
• What does religious tolerance mean?
• What is the benefit of religion in society?
• What do you understand about free speech and religious tolerance?
• Why did the Church separate from the state?
• The concept of guardian angels in religion
• What do Islam and Christianity say about the end of the world?
• Religion and the purpose of God for man
• The concept of conscience in morality is overrated
• Are there different sects in Christianity?
• What does Islam or Christianity say about suicide?
• What are the reasons for the Protestant Reformation?
• The role of missionaries in propagating Christianity in Africa
• The role of the Catholic church in shaping Christianity
• Do we need an international religious organization to maintain international religious peace?
• Why do people believe in miracles?

Argumentative Essay Topics on Religion

Creating argumentative essay topics on religion may be a daunting exercise regardless of your level. It is more difficult when you don’t know how to start. Your professor could be interested in your critical opinions about international issues bordering on religion, which is why you need to develop sensible topics. You can consider the following research paper topics religion and society for inspiration:

• Religion will dominate humanity: discuss
• All religions of the world dehumanize the woman
• All men are slaves to religion
• Karl Marx was right when he said religion is the return of the repressed, “the sigh of the oppressed creature”: discuss
• Christianity declined in Europe with the Thirty Years War and it separated brothers and sisters of the Christian faith?
• Islamic terrorism is a targeted attack on western culture
• The danger of teen marriage in Islam is more than its benefits
• The church should consider teen marriages for every interested teenager
• Is faith fiction or reality?
• The agape love is restricted to God and God’s love alone
• God: does he exist or is he a fiction dominating the world?
• Prayer works better without medicine: why some churches preach against the use of medicine
• People change religion because they are confused about God: discuss
• The church and the state should be together
• Polygamous marriage is evil and it should be condemned by every religion
• Cloning is abuse against God’s will
• Religious leaders should also be political leaders
• Abortion: a sin against God or control over your body
• Liberty of religious association affects you negatively: discuss
• Religious leaders only care about themselves, not the people
• Everyone should consider agnosticism
• Natural laws are the enemy of religion
• It is good to have more than two faiths in a family
• It is hard for the state to exist without religion
• Religion as a cause of the World War One
• Religion as a tool for capitalists
• Religion doesn’t promote morality, only extremisms
• Marriage: should the people or their religious leaders set the rules?
• Why the modern church should acknowledge the LGBTQ: the fight for true liberalism
• Mere coexistence is not religious tolerance
• The use of candles, incense, etc. in Catholic worship is idolatrous and the same as pagan worship: discuss
• The Christian religion is the same as Islam

Christianity Research Paper Topics on Religion

It doesn’t matter if you’re a Christian or not as you need to develop a range of topics for your essay or project. To create narrow yet all-inclusive research about Christianity in the world today, you can consider research topics online. Rather than rack your head or go through different pages on the internet, consider these:

• Compare and contrast Christian and Islam religions
• Trace the origin of Christianity and the similarity of the beliefs in the contemporary world
• Account for the violent spread of Christianity during the crusades
• Account for the state of Christianity in secular societies
• The analysis of the knowledge of rapture in Christianity
• Choose three contemporary issues and write the response of Christianity on them
• The Catholic church and its role towards the continuance of sexual violence
• The Catholic church and the issues of sexual abuse and scandals
• The history of Christianity in America
• The history of Christianity in Europe
• The impact of Christianity on American slaves
• The belief of Christianity on death, dying, and rapture
• The study of Christianity in the medieval period
• How Christianity influenced the western world
• Christianity: the symbols and their meaning
• Why catholic priests practice celibacy
• Christianity in the Reformation Era
• Discuss the Gnostic Gospels and their distinct historic influence on Christianity
• The catholic church in the Third Reich of Germany
• The difference between the Old Testament and the New Testament
• What the ten commandments say from a theological perspective
• The unpredictable story of Moses
• The revival of Saul to Paul: miracle or what?
• Are there Christian cults in the contemporary world?
• Gender differences in the Christian church: why some churches don’t allow women pastors
• The politics of the Catholic church before the separation of the church and the state
• The controversies around Christian religion and atheism: why many people are leaving the church
• What is the Holy Trinity and what is its role in the church?
• The miracles of the New Testament and its difference from the Old Testament’s
• Why do people question the existence of God?
• God is a spirit: discuss

Islam Research Paper Topics

As a student of the Islamic religion or a Muslim, you may be interested in research on the religion. Numerous Islam research paper topics could be critical in shaping your research paper or essay. These are easy yet profound research paper topics on religion Islam for your essays or papers:

• Islam in the Middle East
• Trace the origin of Islam
• Who are the most important prophets in Islam?
• Discuss the Sunni and other groups of Muslims
• The Five Pillars of Islam are said to be important in Islam, why?
• Discuss the significance of the Holy Month
• Discuss the significance of the Holy Pilgrimage
• The distinctions of the Five Pillars of Islam and the Ten Commandments?
• The controversies around the hijab and the veil
• Western states are denying Muslims: why?
• The role of religious leaders in their advocacy of sexual abuse and violence
• What the Quran says about rape and what does Hadiths say, too?
• Rape: men, not the women roaming the street should be blamed
• What is radicalism in Islam?
• The focus of Islam is to oppress women: discuss
• The political, social, and economic influence of modernity on Islam
• The notable wives of prophet Muhammad and their role in Islam: discuss
• Trace the evolution of Islam in China and the efforts of the government against them
• Religious conflict in Palestine and Israel: how a territorial conflict slowly became a religious war
• The study of social class and the Islamic religion
• Suicide bombers and their belief of honor in death: the beliefs of Islamic jihadists
• Account for the issues of marginalization of women in Muslim marriages
• The role of literature in promoting the fundamentals of Islam: how poetry was used to appeal to a wider audience
• The concept of feminism in Islam and why patriarchy seems to be on a steady rise
• The importance of Hadiths in the comprehension of the Islamic religion
• Does Islam approve of democracy?
• Islamic terrorism and the role of religious leaders
• The relationship of faith in Islam and Christianity: are there differences in the perspectives of faith?
• How the Quran can be used as a tool for religious tolerance and religious intolerance
• The study of Muslims in France: why is there religious isolation and abuse in such a society?
• Islam and western education: what are the issues that have become relevant in recent years?
• Is there a relationship between Islam and Science?
• Western culture: why there are stereotypes against Muslims abroad
• Mythology in Islam: what role does it play in shaping the religion?
• Islam and the belief in the afterlife: are there differences between its beliefs with other religions’?
• Why women are not allowed to take sermons in Islam

Can’t Figure Out Your Religion Paper?

With these religious research paper topics, you’re open to change the words or choose a topic of your choice for your research paper or essay. Writing an essay after finding a topic is relatively easy. Since you have helpful world religion research paper topics, research paper topics on religion and society, religion essay topics, argumentative essay topics on religion, Christianity research paper topics, and Islam research paper topics, you can go online to research different books that discuss the topic of your choice.

However, if you require the assistance of professional academic experts who offer custom academic help, you’ll find them online. There are a few writing help online groups that assist in writing your essays or research paper as fast as possible. You can opt for their service if you’re too busy or unmotivated to write your research paper or essay.

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Exploring Faith and Belief: Religious Research Paper Topics

Table of contents

• 1 Challenges in Religious Research Paper Topics
• 2.1 Christian Research Paper Topics
• 2.2 Islam Research Topics
• 2.3 Siddhartha Essay Topics
• 2.4 Buddhism Essay Topics
• 2.5 Hinduism Research Paper Topics
• 2.6 Judaism Religion
• 2.7 Theology Research Paper Topics

Exploring the realm of religion opens a multitude of avenues for scholarly inquiry. Research papers on religion delve into profound questions that have captivated humanity throughout history. These studies not only illuminate the intricacies of faith and belief systems but also examine their profound impact on culture, society, and personal identity.

Choosing a research topic about religion requires a thoughtful consideration of a wide spectrum of beliefs, practices, and philosophical interpretations. From the rituals that bind communities to the spiritual philosophies that drive individual conduct, religion research topics offer a rich tapestry of areas for academic exploration. With such diversity, the challenge lies in pinpointing a singular path that resonates with both current discourse and timeless questions of the human experience.

Challenges in Religious Research Paper Topics

Navigating religious research paper topics presents a unique set of challenges. Crafting research questions about religion demands sensitivity and a deep understanding of diverse belief systems. Scholars often grapple with the subjective nature of spirituality, striving to maintain academic rigor while exploring profoundly personal and often religious controversial topics. The multifaceted nature of religious research paper topics also requires an interdisciplinary approach, intersecting with history, sociology, psychology, and theology.

Additionally, researchers must balance insider and outsider perspectives, often working to gain the trust of faith communities while preserving critical distance. Research papers on religion must also contend with varying interpretations of sacred texts and practices, which can vary widely even within a single tradition. Moreover, the dynamic nature of religion, constantly evolving in the face of modernity and globalization, poses a challenge to researchers aiming to capture the contemporary religious landscape accurately. The task, then, is to approach these topics with a blend of scholarly curiosity, methodological precision, and cultural competence.

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List of 70 Religion Topics to Write About

Embark on an intellectual journey with this curated list of 70 religion topics, each offering a unique window into the diverse ways faith shapes and is shaped by the world we live in.

Christian Research Paper Topics

Diving into Christianity offers a rich vein of inquiry for scholars. These biblical topics for research papers present fresh perspectives on age-old discussions, inviting a deeper understanding of one of the world’s most-followed faiths.

• The Evolution of Christian Thought in Postmodern Society
• Analyzing the Role of Women in Early Christian Communities
• The Influence of Christian Ethics on Modern Business Practices
• Cross-Cultural Interpretations of Christian Symbols in Global Contexts
• The Impact of Digital Media on Christian Worship and Community
• Environmental Stewardship and its Theological Roots in Christianity
• The Psychological Effects of Christian Practices on Mental Health
• A Comparative Study of Christian Mysticism and Contemporary Spiritual Movements
• The Political Expressions of Liberation Theology in Latin America
• Christian Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence and Bioethics

Islam Research Topics

The study of Islam uncovers a tapestry of cultural, theological, and historical themes. These research topics on religion provide a platform for a nuanced exploration of Islam’s multifaceted impact on the world.

• Modern Interpretations of Sharia Law in Various Islamic Societies
• The Role of Sufism in Contemporary Islamic Practice
• Islamic Economic Principles and Their Application in the 21st Century
• Gender Dynamics within Islamic Theology and Practice
• Islamic Artistic Expression in the Digital Age
• The Influence of Islam on Classical Scientific Discovery and Philosophy
• The Political Significance of Islam in Non-Majority Muslim Countries
• Interfaith Dialogues between Islamic and Western Philosophical Traditions
• The Evolution of Islamic Educational Institutions from Classical to Modern Times
• The Representation of Islam in Western Media and its Societal Impact

Siddhartha Essay Topics

Hermann Hesse’s “Siddhartha” is a rich narrative ripe for exploration, intertwining themes of self-discovery and spirituality. These religion topics to write about offer a pathway to understanding the profound messages embedded in this classic tale.

• The Concept of Enlightenment in Siddhartha Versus Traditional Buddhist Teachings
• River Imagery as a Symbol of Life’s Journey in Siddhartha
• Siddhartha’s Relationship with Nature as a Reflection of His Spiritual Quest
• The Influence of Hermann Hesse’s Personal Beliefs on the Portrayal of Religion in Siddhartha
• Comparing Siddhartha’s Ascetic Life with Modern Minimalist Movements
• The Role of Mentorship and its Impact on Siddhartha’s Spiritual Evolution
• The Dichotomy of Material Wealth and Spiritual Fulfillment in Siddhartha
• Siddhartha’s Search for Authenticity Amidst Societal Expectations
• The Function of Love in Siddhartha’s Journey Towards Self-Actualization
• Relevance of Siddhartha’s Lessons in the Context of Contemporary Religious Practice

Buddhism Essay Topics

Buddhism, with its profound philosophical foundations and global influence, provides a fertile ground for scholarly exploration. These religious research topics and world religion paper topics delve into the heart of Buddhist doctrine and its practical implications in today’s world.

• The Intersection of Buddhist Philosophy and Contemporary Psychotherapy
• Ethical Consumption and Environmentalism through the Lens of Buddhist Teachings
• The Role of Meditation in Modern Healthcare as Influenced by Buddhism
• Analysis of Buddhist Responses to the Challenges of Globalization
• The Adaptation of Zen Aesthetics in Western Art and Architecture
• Buddhist Principles in Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding Efforts
• The Impact of Technological Advancements on Traditional Buddhist Practices
• A Study of Gender Roles within Buddhist Monastic Communities
• The Influence of Buddhism on Western Philosophical Thought
• Exploring the Growth of Buddhist Tourism and its Cultural Impacts

Hinduism Research Paper Topics

Hinduism’s rich tapestry of mythology, philosophy, and cultural practices presents an expansive field for academic inquiry. The following religion topics for research paper encompass both the depth of Hindu traditions and contemporary issues, offering a platform for insightful discourse.

• Analyzing the Impact of Hinduism on India’s Environmental Policies
• Feminine Divinity in Hinduism and its Influence on Gender Roles
• The Evolution of Hindu Temple Architecture Over Centuries
• Caste System Interpretations in Modern Hindu Society
• Yoga as a Global Phenomenon: Origins and Transformations from Hindu Traditions
• The Role of Hinduism in Forming India’s National Identity
• The Philosophy of Karma and its Relevance to Modern Ethics
• Ayurveda: Ancient Hindu Science of Health in the Modern Wellness Industry
• The Dynamics of Hindu Pilgrimage: Economy, Ecology, and Tradition
• Hindu Rituals and their Psychological Implications in Contemporary Practice

Judaism Religion

The exploration of Judaism offers insights into one of the world’s oldest monotheistic religions, rich with history and tradition. While the following topics are not centered on religion research paper topics, they reflect the depth and diversity inherent in Jewish studies.

• The Influence of Jewish Mysticism on Contemporary Religious Thought
• The Preservation of Jewish Traditions in Diaspora Communities
• Jewish Perspectives on Bioethics and Modern Medical Dilemmas
• The Role of the Synagogue in Jewish Cultural and Religious Life
• The Impact of the Holocaust on Theological Understandings in Judaism
• Jewish Contributions to Interfaith Dialogue and Peacebuilding
• The Evolution of Kosher Laws and Their Application in the Food Industry
• The Intersection of Jewish Law and Modern State Legislation
• The Role of Hebrew Language Revival in Jewish Identity Formation
• Jewish Feminist Theology and its Quest for Gender Equality in Religious Practice

Theology Research Paper Topics

Theology, the systematic study of the divine, invites scholars to probe the depths of religious belief and practice. These theology research paper topics are designed to inspire critical thought and original analysis on various aspects of spiritual inquiry.

• The Role of Prophecy in Abrahamic Religions Comparative Study
• Liberation Theology’s Influence on Social Justice Movements
• Theological Responses to the Problem of Evil in Different Faiths
• The Impact of Feminist Theology on Traditional Religious Practices
• The Integration of Theology and Science in the Modern World
• The Concept of the Afterlife in Theological and Philosophical Perspectives
• Ecumenism and the Pursuit of Christian Unity in Theology
• Theological Underpinnings of Contemporary Environmental Ethics
• The Influence of Digital Media on Theological Education
• The Role of Ritual in Expressing and Shaping Theological Beliefs

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The Best 50 Religion Research Topics to Use for Students

In our multi-religious and multicultural society, crafting a great research paper on religion is a challenging task. Indeed, this challenge starts from the first stage of preparing your paper: identifying a good religious research paper topic. Further, it is almost impossible to write a paper without offending one or more religious feelings, especially when working on the history of religion. To make writing your paper easy, you must start by picking good religious paper topics.

In this paper, we list 50 religion research paper topics and a guide for selecting the best. If you want to get good grades, start with the right step- the best topic.

Why You Need the Best Religion Research Paper Topics

When working on any research paper, the most important step is identifying the topic. Indeed, the topic determines the direction you will take with the paper. Here are other benefits of selecting the best topics for a religious research paper.

• It allows you to work on the preferred area of interest.
• With a good topic, you do not get bored midway.
• A great topic offers you the opportunity to fill knowledge gaps in the field of religious studies.
• It is your opportunity to make your contribution felt.
• Picking the best topics is the first step to better grades.

How to Pick the Best Topics for a Religious Research Paper

Now that you know the benefits of selecting the best topics for your religious papers, you might be wondering, “How do I pick it?” Here are some useful tips to help you identify the best:

• Brainstorm your religious study subject. This will help you to get the best ideas to work on.
• Comprehensively research your area of interest. For example, you might be interested in the history of religion, church and social action, creationism, or modernism and religion.
• Look at the latest happenings. Things such as religious involvement in economics and education might inspire your paper ideas.
• Follow your teacher’s recommendation. Often, professors give guidelines to students on the areas they should work on. For example, if you were covering a certain area in your religious education studies class; your teacher might ask you to pick topics from that section only. But in most cases, teachers leave the topics open for students to select on their own.
• Read other research on religious studies. Most researchers point at gaps that exist in the niche so that later students can work on them. This is a great place to commence your research paper.

The Best Religious Topics for a Research Paper

Whether you prefer working on religious controversial topics or philosophy of religion essay topics, we have listed the best 50 ideas to get you started. Check them and pick them as they are or tweak them to fit your preferred format.

• Christian and economics.
• Religion and homosexuality.
• Black churches.
• Christianity history.
• Comparing and contrasting Christian and Islam history.
• A closer look at world religions without gods.
• The concept of religion and soul.
• The impact of religious laws on morality.
• The phenomenon of trickster gods.
• The impact of Greek religion on European culture.
• Impact of religion on American culture.
• Impact of religion on Chinese culture.
• Comparing the similarities of images of gods in different religions.
• How does gender affect religion?
• Islam in modern India.
• What is the future of religion?
• Afterlife: What are the differences in diverse religions?
• What are the main causes of the faith crisis?
• Analyzing the influence of female clergy on religion.
• Relooking at the reincarnation concept.
• What role do men have in religion?
• The impacts of yoga on religion.
• Can faith remove the harshness of adolescence?
• Why is Ramadhan referred to as the holy month?
• Comparing religious counselors to classical psychologists.
• A closer look at the main differences between the bible and Koran.
• What is the importance of Christmas for Christians?
• Creationism.
• Religion and science.
• How do people implement different religious practices today?
• Should atheism be considered another form of religion?
• Judaism: A closer look at its history.
• Analyzing attitudes towards sex in the Christian religion.
• Children: Are they considered innocent in all religions?
• A closer look at the history of Hinduism.
• A closer look at the existence of God as a supernatural being.
• Comparing and contrasting monotheistic cultures.
• Female goddesses.
• Chaplain-ship: How does it trigger peace and harmony?
• Impact of women in the history of Christianity.
• What are the implications of forced religion on people?
• Religion and terrorism.
• Religion in the workplace.
• Religion and evolution.
• Nordic mythology.
• A world without religion: Is it possible?
• Applying religion to address global problems.
• The primal religions.
• Do you think religion should play a role in modern politics?
• Do you think religion influences societal virtues?

Got the Best Religion Topics to Write About – What Next?

Now that you have a list of the best world religion research paper topics, it is important to appreciate that the journey of writing your assignment has just started. The next step is to write down your paper in line with your teacher’s guidelines. This is where your writing skills come into play. Well, it is never easy for many students. Often, some lack good writing skills, have other engagements, or acquire the right resources is a challenge. For others, the deadline is too tight and almost impossible to beat. The best idea is to seek affordable college assignment writing help.

After selecting the best topics, be they sociology or religion research topics or religious debate topics, writing help is provided by experts with years of experience in academic writing. They have handled such papers before and are willing to help you craft the best paper for top grades. Well, do not let that religious research paper stress you anymore, let a professional help you!

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130 Pressing Religious Research Paper Topics You Should Highlight

Religion is the oldest and still so much-needed invention of humanity. First, people had pagan rites and idols, then joining the larger religious communities. The significant place in the series of events is held by conflicts that have grown up on religious grounds. The question then arises if religious canons say a person should live in harmony with himself and others, then how to view all these wars and armed conflicts.

Religion is studied in most colleges and teaches us to be tolerant. Thus, college students are often assigned to write theology research topics. PaperCoach writing platform can provide you with all the required information on this issue and even create a paper on theology from scratch.

Picking Up a Religious Topic for Research Papers

• Understand the assignment. Before writing, you should consider the following things: how many pages you have to write, what kind of research your teacher asked for, how long your bibliography should be, etc.
• Brainstorm topics you are interested in and put them down.
• Refine, narrow, and direct your religious research topic in a more specific area.
• Discuss your topic with an advisor or classmates to understand if your topic is catchy for an audience.
• Find and read resources related to your possible topics.
• Develop research paper questions to be sure you will be able to point them out in your paper.

Steps in Writing a Religious Research Paper Topic

• Formulate the research problem. It’s a question in your mind before you start researching it.
• Make a literature review. Read theoretical material that has been written on a particular problem.
• Develop a hypothesis (a possible answer to your question).
• Formulate a method of conducting your research.
• Collect relevant data on your research. You might use any tools of data collection like interviews, questionnaires, or rating scales.
• Analyze the research information you have studied.
• Draw the conclusion after evaluating your hypothesis.
• Make a report telling about your research flow and its conclusion.

To ease your search and choice of topics, we have developed 130 theological questions to investigate. Scroll the page to the end to find the most appropriate theology paper topic.

130 Exciting Religious Research Paper Topics to Create for Students

World religions research paper topics.

• Impact of Religion on Humans Today: Faith as a State of Being Ultimately Concerned
• Worshiping in Different Religions
• How Does Religion Explain Ancestor Worship?
• Role of Women in the Islamic Society
• Dalai Lama as the Leader of Buddhism
• Who Are the Maccabees?
• Reincarnation in Hinduism
• The Main Difference Between Hinduism and Buddhism
• The Study of Lao Tzu
• Basic Differences Between Judaism and Christianity
• Beliefs and Practices in Paganism
• What Can Ahimsa Teach Us?
• The Buddhist Monks Teaching
• Imperialism of English in Islam
• Shintoism in Japan and Its Aspects

Knowledge of the population's religious background helps to understand the economic and social geography of different countries better. The role of religion in society keeps being important today. The right choice of the world religion paper topic will prove it.

Catchy Topics on Religious History

• History of Ramadan
• Life of Jesus Christ
• The Role Played by Men in Hindu Religion
• Julian of Norwich as the Main Religion Figure for Contemporary Religion
• Early Christian Church
• Prominent Religious Events in the US History
• Representation of Religion and Violence in Solomon Northup From “12 Years a Slave”
• The Emergence of Islam
• The Confucianism Teaching
• Judaism: From the Very Beginning to Our Days
• The Development of Modern Japan’s Religion
• Impact of Ancient Greek Mythology on Present-Day World
• The Emergence of Modern Religions Without God
• How Did New Religions Appear?
• Outstanding Figures in Various Religions

Theology research paper topics are attractive for those who want to dive into ancient times and find out how religious teaching emerged and developed. The following topics can be flexible enough and generate new ones.

Research Paper Topics on Religion in the Present-Day World

• Role of Genders in Religion
• How Does Religion Affect Politics?
• Importance of Christian Ethics in Business
• Causes of Faith Crisis in the Modern World
• Mecca as a Tourist Location
• Religion and Terrorism
• Contemporary Political Establishments in Islamic Society
• Up-to-Date Religious Celebrations
• Importance of Religion Events for Teenagers
• Religious Books Everyone Should Read
• Meaning of Life in Current Pace of Life
• The Worldview by Christians
• Why Teach Religion in Schools?
• Animalism in the Present-Day World
• Fields of Life That Religion Concerns

Religion is an integral part of the modern world, as it performs vital social functions. The key factor in understanding the role of religion in the various processes is a scientific understanding of this phenomenon.

Ethics and Religion Topics for Research Paper

• Morality Reasoning of Teenagers
• What Is Religious Ethics?
• Ethical Questions in Religious Traditions
• Aspects of Hinduism Ethics
• Is the Bible an Ideal Guide to Solve Ethics Issues?
• Should We Follow Religious Ethics to Be Truly Good?
• Religious Ethics of Sex Issues in Different Religions
• What Does It Mean to Be Ethical to Another Religion?
• Islamic Ethical Principles
• Ethical Attitude to Religions Without God
• Ethical Value of the Statement, “If You Believe in God, You Know What Is Right or Wrong”
• The Necessity of Essays on Biblical Worldview for College Students
• Tolerance to Atheism: What Does It Mean?
• World Religious Issues and Ethical Approach to Them

Each religion develops ethical rules, ethical standards, and values that guide believers in secular, daily, personal, and social situations. All codes are based on a special approach to religious ethics, according to which ethical behavior is considered an integral part of spiritual growth.

Interesting Topics About Philosophy of Religion

• Philosophy of Karma
• Philosophical Approach to Buddhism Teaching
• Philosophical Ideas in “Traveling Mercies” by Anne Lamott
• What is God?
• Does Jihadi-Salafism Really Include Philosopic Teaching?
• Finding Philosophy in Yoga Practice
• Islamic Philosophy
• Why Is the Soul Immortal?
• The Paradox of Hedonism
• Religion as a Way to Make Our Life Better
• Does God Approve the Act of Self-Sacrifice?
• Why Are Students Assigned to Write a Research Paper on the Existence of God?
• What Will Happen to People Who Stop Believing in God?
• Philosophical Questions That Religion Can Answer

The main point of philosophy of religion topics is to teach you to see the issue core and find possible solutions. Researching any of these topics, you will be able to learn something valuable and useful for yourself.

Understanding of Religious Mythology Topics

• Facts We Know About Druids
• Gods and Characters in Greek Mythology
• What Do Mythological Tales Teach Us?
• The Working Principles of Mythotherapy
• Effect of Mythology on Religion
• Difference Between Greek and Roman Mythology
• The Beginning of Greek Mythology
• Ancient Greek Literary Works and Their Meaning for Religion
• Basic Aspects of Gender in Mythology
• Religious Symbols in Mythology
• Impact of Medieval Legends on Religion
• Mythological Creatures in Early Religion Teaching
• Why Is Studying Mythology So Important in College?
• Common Things Between Greek Mythology and Paganism
• Modern Interpretation of Mount Olympus

You might have overread catchy Greek myths and legends in childhood and didn't even think about their influence on world religions. Now it’s time to see the other side of your favorite ancient story.

Topics for Discussion Religious Architecture

• Religious Impact on Architecture
• Religious Buildings as Places of Worship
• 10 Religious Buildings You Have to Visit
• Postwar Religious Buildings Across the World
• Traditions in Creating Religious Buildings
• Types of Religious Structures
• Importance of Religious Constructions
• Most Famous Temples in India
• Mosques That Are Worth Visiting
• The Main Aims to Visit Synagogues
• Who Is Responsible for Building Religious Shelters?
• What to Wear to Different Types of Religious Places?
• Ways to Preserve Old Religious Constructions
• Reasons to Visit Mosques

Religious architecture can be taken in different ways as a place of interest for tourists or a sacred spot to get off your chest. No matter how you consider religious buildings, each building is unique and has its own history.

Worship and Ritual College Research Paper Topics

• The Existence of Black Magic
• Beliefs and Practices in Buddhism
• Sacred Animals in Various Religions
• Psychology of Rituals
• Where Does Worship Come From?
• Theory of Islamic Rituals
• Religious Rituals in the USA
• Halloween Rituals in the UK
• Ritual as a Performance
• Ancestors Worship in the Chinese Culture
• Spiritual Rituals and Its Consequences
• Ritual Practice in Christianity
• The Tradition of Animals Worship
• Rituals in Paganism
• Impact of Ancient Rituals on Religion

People have always wondered about things that others worship. This topic usually raises a bunch of controversial ideas and tricky questions. Why not look into the situation and highlight the main issues concerning worshipping and rituals?

Research Topics on Religion and Politics

• Reasons Why Politics and Religion Can’t Be Separated
• Historical Religious Roots in Politics
• Religious Institutions and Its Cooperation With Government
• Can Religion Dictate Rules to Politicians?
• Religious Beliefs in Politics
• Results of Religious and Political Leaders Collaboration
• Why Does Church Support Officials?
• Role of Religion in the American Political Society
• How Does Religion Help in Political Issues?
• Implementation of Religious Practices in the Political World
• Should Society Insist on Separating Religion and Politics?
• Religious Rituals as a Way to Defeat Rivals: Myth or Reality?
• Examples of Politicals Leaders Who Are Involved in Religion Issues

Politics and religion have always been interconnected. However, the nature of the relationship has changed. To get to know how the deep collaboration of politics and religion is, you might investigate a lot of things and structure a good paper to support your facts.

Have you picked up a research topic in theology, but still have no idea how to structure your work? Make a point of your practical and simple tips to arrange your research well.

Parts of Research Paper

• Introduction. Say why you do this study and what benefits your work can bring to the current field. You also have to provide background information to evaluate the present study without referring to the previous one.
• Methods and materials. You need to describe what methods you used to conduct the study on a biblical thesis topic.
• Results. Answer what you found and show the detailed results in the natural order.
• Discussions. In this section, don't forget to tell what your results mean and explain the research's wider implications.
• Conclusions. It’s a final statement that leads back to the introduction. The results of the findings you are looking for in your introduction should be shown in your conclusion.

The writing-process of Christian research topics requires a lot of energy and time, and, as a result, some students feel drained at an early stage. So, if writing is not your strong suit, you had better get professional help from PaperCoach experts. Could you imagine how much time you can save entrusted with creating a thesis topic for Christianity or theology issues? No need to guess! Just buy an essay from our writers, and you will be surprised how professionally and quickly your paper could be written!

References:

• How to Write a Religion Research Paper
• Writing a Paper on Theological Topic
• Tips for Creating a Theological Paper
• Paper Samples on Biblical Topic
• Women in Church Leadership (Paper Example)
• Biblical Worldview Essay
• The Holy Bible (Sample)

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Interesting Religion Research Paper Topics To Write About

Updated 01 Jul 2024

Religion has been a part of our societies since the beginning of time. From primitive animalistic beliefs to complex polytheistic pantheons, it has changed and evolved to suit our civilizations. This is what makes religion research paper topics so fascinating.

When choosing a topic, you can take several approaches. You can focus on the history of a certain religion, its specifics in terms of beliefs and rituals, how it has impacted society, and its potential future, or focus on religion systems in general, analyzing the differences between them and what might’ve caused them.

While the list of potential religion essay topics is endless, choosing the right one is important. Religion is often an extremely personal matter, so a careless approach might lead to conflict and hurt. Moreover, it is hard to avoid personal bias while talking about religious experiences.

That’s why we offer you this list of relevant topics that are interesting to explore. Choosing intriguing religion research paper topics can be challenging, so if you're feeling stuck, you might consider the option to pay someone to write my paper to ensure thorough research and insightful analysis. Choose the one that suits you best and explore human beliefs' nature and history.

Choose the Best Religion Topics For a Research Paper

Selecting the right item from the list of religious essay topics can be challenging, so here are some tips that might help you:

• Select a topic you’re at least somewhat interested in – this way it will be easier for you to concentrate on the research and ensure the quality of your work;
• Make sure there are scientific sources related to the topic, and they are not limited to opinion pieces – facts have more weight in the research than opinions;
• Avoid topics that are based on a biased view of a certain religion;
• Avoid attacks and critique of religious leaders and personalities;
• If there are several views on a topic – make sure to cover all of them, or avoid it.

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List of Religion Research Paper Topics

The societal impact of organized religion and religious beliefs as a whole is immense. Researching it gives us a glimpse into how human civilization has changed and how our value system has evolved. However, a lot of religious research topics are too complex. So, here are some of the most relevant religion research paper topics you can have fun completing.

Historical and Comparative Studies

• The evolution of monotheism in ancient civilizations.
• Comparative analysis of creation myths across different cultures.
• The role of women in Hinduism versus Christianity.
• The impact of the Reformation on European society.
• Religious syncretism in the Caribbean: A study of Vodou and Santería.
• The Crusades: Religious fervor, politics, and impact on East-West relations.
• Ancient Egyptian religion and its influence on later Abrahamic religions.
• The spread of Buddhism along the Silk Road.
• The role of prophecy in Abrahamic religions: A comparative study.
• Shamanism in indigenous cultures: Practices and worldviews.

Religion and Society

• The influence of religion on modern legal systems.
• Secularism and its effects on contemporary religious practices.
• Religion and its role in the integration of immigrants.
• The impact of social media on religious organization and practice.
• Religious extremism: Causes, consequences, and responses.
• Interfaith dialogue: Challenges, successes, and impacts on global peace.
• The role of religion in public education: A comparative analysis.
• Religion and LGBTQ+ rights: A global perspective.
• The economics of religion: How faith contributes to wealth and poverty.
• Religion and environmental ethics: Spiritual responses to climate change.

Theology and Philosophy

• The concept of evil in different religious traditions.
• Free will and predestination in Islamic theology.
• Theological responses to the problem of suffering.
• Mysticism in Christianity and Islam: A comparative study.
• The influence of Greek philosophy on early Christian thought.
• Religious pluralism: Theological and philosophical perspectives.
• The concept of the soul in world religions.
• Faith and reason in the Age of Enlightenment.
• The role of meditation in Eastern and Western spiritual practices.
• Death and the afterlife: How religions interpret the end of life.

Contemporary Issues in Religion

• The role of women in contemporary religious leadership.
• Religious responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.
• The impact of globalization on indigenous spiritual practices.
• Atheism and secular humanism: Philosophical foundations and societal impact.
• The intersection of religion and technology: Ethical considerations.
• Religious symbolism in popular culture.
• The politics of religious freedom in the 21st century.
• Conversion and religious identity in the modern world.
• The role of pilgrimage in contemporary religious practice.
• Religious dietary laws and their significance in a globalized world.

Specific Religious Studies

• The development of Zen Buddhism in Japan.
• Sufism and its contribution to Islamic art and culture.
• The significance of the Dead Sea Scrolls for understanding early Christianity.
• Hindu festivals and their socio-cultural significance in India.
• The evolution of Jewish thought from the Torah to modern Zionism.
• Indigenous African religions and their resistance to colonialism.
• Sikhism: History, practices, and global diaspora.
• The Bahá'í Faith: Principles, persecution, and global community.
• Neo-Paganism and the revival of ancient European religions.
• Scientology: Origins, beliefs, and controversies.

Christianity Research Paper Topics

Christianity is one of the biggest religions around the world, with billions of followers. Its impact on the history of the world cannot be overestimated. So, here are some of the most interesting aspects you can learn more about:

• The Development of the Early Christian Church
• The Influence of Martin Luther and the Reformation
• Christian Mysticism and Spiritual Practices
• The Role of Christianity in the Abolition of Slavery
• Comparative Study of Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy
• Christianity and Science: Historical Perspectives
• The Impact of Vatican II on the Catholic Church
• Christianity and Contemporary Ethical Issues
• The Growth of Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa
• Christian Symbols and Their Meanings

Buddhism Essay Topics

Buddhism is another major ideology that should not be overlooked. Its Eastern roots make it distinctly different from a lot of other religions around the world. So, there is a lot to learn about it, especially if you’re not closely familiar with it:

• The concept of emptiness (Śūnyatā) in Mahayana Buddhism.
• The role of meditation in achieving enlightenment in Theravada Buddhism.
• The influence of Buddhism on contemporary Western culture.
• A comparison of Zen Buddhism in Japan and Chan Buddhism in China.
• The Four Noble Truths and their relevance to modern life.
• The spread of Buddhism along the Silk Road: Historical impacts and cultural exchanges.
• The ethical implications of the Buddhist Five Precepts in the context of global issues.
• The evolution of Buddhist art and architecture across Asia.
• The Dalai Lama's role in modern Tibetan Buddhism and global peace efforts.
• The intersection of Buddhism and science in understanding the mind and consciousness.

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Theology Research Paper Topics

Theology applies a scientific approach to religious practices. So, while talking about religion research topics, it’s important to mention the research of theological methods and the history of this branch of science. Here are some of the themes you can consider:

• The concept of God in Christian and Islamic theology: A comparative study.
• Liberation theology and its impact on social justice movements.
• Theological responses to the problem of evil in different religious traditions.
• The role of women in the theology of the early church.
• Process theology and its implications for understanding divine action.
• The influence of Augustine's theology on Western Christian thought.
• Eco-theology: Exploring religious perspectives on environmental conservation.
• The development of Trinitarian doctrine in the early Christian church.
• Theological perspectives on human suffering and divine providence.
• The intersection of theology and technology: Ethical considerations in the digital age.

Islam Research Topics

Islam is another major religion that deserves thorough research and careful consideration. The image of it is often demonized in the West, but there is a lot more to it. Here’s what you can write about it:

• The evolution of Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh) through history.
• Sufism and its role in shaping Islamic spirituality and practice.
• The impact of Islam on the development of science and philosophy in the Golden Age.
• Gender roles and rights in Islamic law: A contemporary analysis.
• The concept of Jihad in Islam: Historical and modern interpretations.
• Islamic finance and banking: Principles and global impact.
• The significance of the Hajj pilgrimage in Muslim life and society.
• The role of the Prophet Muhammad in Islam compared to prophets in other religions.
• Modern Islamic political movements: Origins and objectives.
• Interfaith dialogue between Islam and other world religions: Challenges and opportunities.

Siddhartha Essay Topics

Siddhartha is the birth name of the founder of Buddhism, and it is the name of the novel about the spiritual journey of his contemporary. Both deserve research in the religious and philosophical context:

• The journey of self-discovery in Hermann Hesse's "Siddhartha."
• The role of the river as a symbol in "Siddhartha."
• Comparing and contrasting Siddhartha's relationships with Kamala and Govinda.
• The theme of enlightenment in "Siddhartha" versus traditional Buddhist teachings.
• The significance of names and identity in "Siddhartha."
• The influence of Indian philosophy on Hesse's "Siddhartha."
• The concept of time in "Siddhartha" and its impact on the protagonist's spiritual journey.
• The role of nature in Siddhartha's quest for enlightenment.
• Siddhartha's changing views on wealth and materialism throughout the novel.
• The portrayal of teacher-student relationships in "Siddhartha" and their importance in Siddhartha's spiritual development.

Religion Systems Topics

• The role of ritual in establishing and maintaining religious systems.
• Comparative analysis of monotheistic religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
• The impact of colonialism on indigenous religious systems.
• The evolution of religious systems in response to modernity and secularism.
• Syncretism: How different religious systems merge and influence each other.
• The function of myth in religious systems across cultures.
• Religious systems and their influence on gender roles and norms.
• The relationship between religious systems and political power structures.
• The role of pilgrimage in various religious systems.
• The future of religious systems in a globalized world: Trends and predictions.

Advice on How to Write a Religion Essay

Writing an essay about religion has a lot of pitfalls. If you want to get a good grade on your task, you need to do it right. Here are some tips that might help you write an excellent essay on a religious topic:

• Avoid including personal biases and opinions – criticizing any religion is a slippery slope, but doing it from an emotional or experienced-based standpoint is even worse. Remember that the views and values of one person do not define the views of the whole group;
• Structure your paper – a well-structured paper is easy to read and understand. It will better illustrate your point and will show your organized and systematic approach to research;
• Check your sources for credibility – unfortunately, there are a lot of pseudoscientific opinions and works around religious topics. Even if some of them have certain merit, it is better not to include them in your work;
• Explore your religion research topics from different perspectives – the best way to avoid bias in your research is to present the opinions from opposite sides. This will result in a well-rounded paper that will not claim to know a “single truth”, but rather apply scientific methods to religious research;
• Try to provide the context – religious texts are often complex and filled with symbolism. You can easily find contradicting statements in them, but, in order to present them fairly, you need to provide the context for them. This does not require a retelling of the whole text, but the general situation needs to be mentioned.

If these tips still do not help, we’re ready to assist you. Visit our research paper writing services , choose a professional author that suits you, and get help with your religion research paper right now!

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Religion Research Paper

This sample religion research paper features: 6700 words (approx. 22 pages), an outline, and a bibliography with 36 sources. Browse other research paper examples for more inspiration. If you need a thorough research paper written according to all the academic standards, you can always turn to our experienced writers for help. This is how your paper can get an A! Feel free to contact our writing service for professional assistance. We offer high-quality assignments for reasonable rates.

Introduction

Development of religion and belief, early explanations for religion and belief, eastern and western traditions, christianity, religious objects, symbols, and rituals, religion, manuscripts, and teachings, future directions.

• Bibliography

Religion and belief are of great importance for anthropological research on the development of humankind and its history, as they represent the human reaction to an extrahuman, holy, transcendent, or divine object. Almost no other terms of the mental and intellectual human life seem to have such a big and colorful variety as “belief ” or “religion.”

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Get 10% off with 24start discount code, more religion research paper examples:.

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At first, a look into the past: The term religion has its etymologic and historical roots in the ancient Roman world. A different context can be found for the terms personal belief or universal faith; they have their semantic origin in the Greek word pístis, which Saint Paul used in his letters, or in the Latin fides. Whereas religion gives the framework, belief fills this framework with individual religious activities. Faith means the universal religious activity of a group of people of the same religion. The Latin noun religio stems from the verb re-legere, which has the meaning “to do something diligently, to do something again, to re-read something,” according to Marcus T. Cicero (106–43 BCE). The prefix re- could even be translated as “to do something diligently again and again.” The careful execution of rituals was prescribed by rules, which were only valid through their exact observance. Therefore in the ancient Roman culture, the Latin noun religio expresses the right observance of cults and, as a consequence, the respect for the gods. The verb re-legere is the opposite of the verb neg-legere (to neglect).

The derivation of the noun religio from religare (to connect, to reconnect) is in general problematic, because this reconnection can be seen in a feeling of an inner attachment to something transcendent, which was not common to classical beliefs. In its character, religio is in Roman antiquity rather a virtue than a kind of feeling. Central in the diligent performance of rituals was a kind of “pious awe,” which was not so intensive that the acting person in religious affairs was moved inside. This is one of the reasons why ancient Roman religio is basically incomprehensible to us. Nowadays, the adjective religiosus means “pious.” In a later development, homo religiosus means “member of an order,” a person who lives according to the three evangelical counsels: poverty, chastity, and obedience. This person wants to be, in his religious life, a good example to others. It was this meaning of the word pious (religiosus) that brought the noun religion into the Christian-shaped, Western culture, and less the Latin noun religio, in the ancient Roman sense.

To exhaust the full meaning of religion or belief, it is not sufficient to speak only of devoutness or “expression of devoutness.” Religion and belief also cover the sentence fides quaerens intellectum (faith or belief that searches for insight). Therefore, it has also to do with rationality and the search for reasonable causes. Saint Augustine (354–430 CE), as an exponent of Christian antiquity, and Saint Thomas Aquinas (ca. 1224/5–1274 CE), as a philosopher of high scholasticism, shaped the concept of religio as identical with Christianity. Other, non-Christian religions or beliefs could only be classified as lex, secta, or fides.

The meaning of the term lex is universal, according to our expression “denomination” or “total structure of life.” There is also a lex Christianorum, which means “doctrine and law of the Christian faith.” By no means is the forming of the concepts “religion” and “belief ” steady or logical. Within the historical development, beginning with classical antiquity up to the advent of Protestantism in the 16th century, it is not possible to find a strictly continuous development to the modern term religion . So, religio cannot be translated by or equated with religion or belief in today’s meaning.

If the Christian context of the word religion is left aside, then religion and also belief can be defined as the relationship of a human to a personal or impersonal transcendent, in whatever shape of “the Real”: a divine persona or impersona. The meaning of the Western terms religion or belief , influenced by Christian thoughts, changes in other European and non-European languages from “something that is owed to the transcendence” to “law/doctrine” and “eternal, never-ending structure.”

As a result, the term religion is more objective than the rather subjective term belief . Also, the concepts of belief— characterized as individual, personal belief, or conviction— and faith—characterized as universal belief—can be differentiated. Religion is in general the system of faith that people of the same conviction have in common. Belief is the personal activity, the “personal” faith, within the framework of religion. Belief system is very near to religion, but it emphasizes the personal religious activity more than universal faith.

After this etymological study, the paradigmatic development of the modern terms religion and belief will now be described in order to give a contemporary view on them. A religion that prescribes a belief in a deity of imaginable terms is marked as rational, according to the Lutheran theologian and historian of comparative religion Rudolf Otto. In his classic work, The Idea of the Holy (1917/1925), Otto also asked for the objectivity of religion or belief, and emphasized the “contrast between Rationalism and profounder religion.” One cannot do justice to religion or belief only by rational terms. The two opposite characterizations of religion are, as Otto pointed out, the tremendum, or the “awefulness,” and simultaneously the fascinans, or the “fascinating.” The tremendum shakes people in awe in sight of the mysterious, completely different being, God. This form of fear is by far different than the “natural,” or ordinary fear of a human, and applies more to the general “world-fear.” The tremendum derives from a “numinous dread” that terrifies and fascinates people at the same time.

The Romanian historian of religion Mircea Eliade, who worked at the University of Chicago, addressed Rudolf Otto’s reflections at the beginning of his book The Sacred and the Profane (1957/1959). Eliade focused on the nature of religion or belief, describing the manifestations of religion and the religious in a world that dissociates itself more and more from religious dimensions. But even in a secular world, there is something sacred that is characterized by humans as the opposite of the profane. The process is always the same: the “completely different” is a reality that is not of our world and manifests itself on things that are components of our natural, profane world.

Eliade repeatedly spoke of homo religious, and he wanted to make clear that religion and belief belong to the human nature. Therefore, people live as long as possible in the sacred universe. By the word sacred, the dimension of the religious is described. This dimension surrounds, carries, and holds the human as a religious being. On the other side, a secular person, who is able to live without any religious feeling, has a completely different, secular experience of the universe. She lives in a desacralized world. The religious feeling has to find its way by another, maybe hidden means. The secular person lives totally differently from the homo religious.

Almost 150 years earlier than Eliade, Friedrich D. E. Schleiermacher, a German Lutheran theologian and philosopher, classified religion and belief as a “feeling,” as the French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau did before him. Schleiermacher called religion a “feeling of infinity” in his second speech, “On the Nature of Religion,” of his five speeches appearing in On Religion (1799/1996).

The German philosopher of the Age of Enlightenment, Immanuel Kant, stood in strong contrast to the definition of religion or belief as “feeling.” In his work Religion Within the Boundaries of Mere Reason (1793/1998), Kant proved that there was no way to conclude the certain feature of direct divine influence by a feeling. Hence, according to Kant, religion must be based on reason alone in order to be universal. For Kant, religion had to be a “pure religion of reason.” Although these two characterizations of religion as a “feeling” (Schleiermacher) or as a “pure religion of reason” (Kant) are opposing, these two definitions of religion may be coincident in the fact that religion or belief is something according to human nature. Therefore, around the year 1800, a concept of internal religion developed, which remains effective today.

Statements on religion or belief by the Protestant theologians Ernst Troeltsch (1912/1981) and Paul Tillich (1955, 1961/1988) underlined this fact. In another way, Tillich’s works can be regarded as examples of the effective power of the concept of religion or belief. In a different approach to Immanuel Kant, he distanced himself to consider “feeling” as the basic determination of religion. If religion could be connected to the pure subjectivity of emotion, then it would decline, because religion would loose its seriousness, its truth, and its highest sense. Without a highest content, religion would stay empty. In his essay “Religion as a Function of the Human Mind?” (1955/1988), Tillich defined religion as “something that concerns us immediately,” in the deepest sense of the universe. That which “concerns us immediately” referred to all creative functions of the human mind. However, this did not mean that religion and belief are fictions of the mind, created by human beings.

According to Tillich, the human mind is able to be creative in relation to both itself and to the world. But this creativeness is limited by the relationship to God. Religions and beliefs contain all areas of the human life and of the mind, as they build the substance, the basis, and the depth of the human intellectual life. Therefore religion or belief is not based on a function of the mind at all. Religion is universal; belief is individual. They are consequently the unconditioned components in every situation of human life. Being moved by religion is always related to a religious object. In this context, Tillich emphasized two points: (1) Religion and belief are always related to a content, which cannot be explained in the end; and (2) religion has always a social dimension, too. Nobody is alone in being religiously moved or in feeling any kind of religious emotion. Therefore, the objectivity of religion is founded by its social dimension, according to Tillich. As a consequence, religion and belief are situated in the human being, who is touched by a “revealed unconditioned being,” by a religious object. This can generally be applied to everyone. “Religious reality,” however, goes along with a secret consciousness: tua res agitur, “your situation is concerned.”

Two definitions of the concept of religion can be found in Tillich’s work. Both differ crucially from the traditional one—religion or belief as the human answers to the transcendent. (1) Tillich spoke of an “autonomous religion” that does not know a representational God, nor, consequently, any form of prayer. But in contradiction to that, religion is not impious or lacking a God. It just does not know any kind of ecclesiastical objectification of God. With mysticism, it is different again, because mysticism elevates itself beyond the objectification of God. (2) In his later essay, “Christianity and the Encounter of the World Religions” (1961/1988), Tillich mentioned quasireligions, which are similar to religions and have some features in common with religions. But quasireligions are only related to secular objects and consequently to secular institutions. Tillich differentiates between quasireligions and pseudoreligions. Both pretend intentionally to be similar to religions. The expansion of the concepts of religion or of belief as inward phenomena, which have been developed since the beginning of the 19th century, became clear in Tillich’s considerations.

The two concepts of quasireligions and pseudoreligions must be strictly distinguished from traditional, historical religions. Similar to quasireligions is what Eric Voegelin (1938/1999) and Raymond Aron (1965/1968) spoke of as political religion. An explosive nature is exhibited in the relationship between religion and politics, as it is demonstrated in the concept of political religion, and later on in the concepts of state religion or civil religion. The term political religion has its roots in religio politica, going back to the early 17th century. Since the 1930s, it served to classify the politicaltotalitarian mass movements of this time in a critical attitude toward ideology. This modern “political religion,” however, must be clearly distinguished from the “political religion” of classical antiquity and the later concepts of state religion and civil religion, which tried to institutionalize the relationship between religion and politics, not always in a fruitful way.

Generally speaking, it is possible to identify religion or belief as being situated in a person. Religion or belief must be further defined as a relationship and interchange between a human being and transcendent reality, which is relevant for humans. But the relationship to transcendence is not the only decisive criterion for a religion or a belief. Religions and beliefs are rather connected by a kind of “family resemblance,” as defined by Ludwig Wittgenstein (1953/2001). They are determined by overlapping qualities, including holiness, prayers, and services. Religions and beliefs also show similarities that connect them. These similarities, however, must not necessarily be alike in every religion or belief. Regarding those similarities, the reference to transcendence plays, of course, an important role. John Hick (2005) pointed out that another fundamental “family resemblance” of religions and beliefs, in addition to their reference to the transcendence, is their soteriological content, which describes the ability of a religion or belief to redeem human souls and allow salvation. However different their contents and traditions may be, this soteriological quality is a feature that all religions and beliefs have in common in various manners. Also, the validity of religious traditions was of great importance for Hick.

Religion and belief in the modern ideology can carefully be defined as generic terms, or concepts, which slowly have grown in importance in our modern age. These concepts are very different from the ancient meaning of the word religio, which first described all imaginations, attitudes, and actions of a person concerning the ultimate reality. Humans accept the ultimate reality as powers or a power, spirits or demons, gods or God, the “Sacred” or the “Absolute,” or just “Transcendence.” In ancient times, religio was not used as a collective name for each belief or as a universal term, in which various beliefs were summed up. The term religio, representing the past view on religion or belief, was used in a very narrow sense from antiquity up to the 16th century. At first, religio referred to the exercising of the rituals prescribed by law, but only later with regard to the Christian denomination. In general, it took a long time before religio and later “religion” had achieved their meaning, which led to the modern understanding of “religion.” Religion is more than the mere name of a personal belief. It expresses that humans are concerned about something beyond them. Also, death obtains a different meaning within a religious worldview. Romano Guardini (1940/1998), the Catholic priest, theologian, and philosopher of religion, considered death as the gate to the other side of human life, which remains secret to those who still live in this world. For religious people, death is no longer the end of life but, instead, is the turning point to a different reality.

Summing up, the terms religion and belief can be characterized by the following three points:

• There are no universal terms for all religions or beliefsystems of humankind in each epoch.
• There is no term that includes all aspects of what ismeant by religion or belief today. Even all these terms together cannot cover every aspect now meant by religion or belief.
• Earlier terms of religio or religion stand in contrast to themodern meaning of religion. They emphasize the external practice of religion, the observance of ritual instructions and regulations, and the obedience to religious laws.

These three points, however, cannot unambiguously classify religions or beliefs and they do not ultimately define them. But they do outline the broad frame of the modern concept of religion and belief.

Since ancient times, as many sources teach, people have had various religious or pseudoreligious systems. In the past, religions and beliefs were the result of natural phenomena, which led people to fear and to require that these natural phenomena be explained. Also, social facts and mechanisms had to be explained through religious patterns. Ancient Egyptian, Greek, and Roman religions show this function of early religions or belief systems. These religions and beliefs were polytheistic (i.e., there were many different gods, who had different things to take care of). In many cases, one god is honored as supreme among the others (e.g., Zeus in ancient Greek religion or Jupiter/Jove in ancient Roman religion). The holy or the deity was often linked with nature. Humans found in nature the powerful influence of God: Therefore trees or fountains or mountains (esp. the peak, like Mount Fuji in Japan) were adored as holy, or as the place where the deity lives. Also in totems, things of everyday life or symbols or even animals, the spirit of a deity is believed to be effective. Therefore, it is forbidden, it is a taboo, to kill an animal in which a deity is believed to be present. These original religious aspects can be found within African religions and beliefs, or within the religions of the Pacific islands.

In the Egyptian and Roman traditions, the emperor was adored as a god and found his place in the Pantheon after his death. Archaeological proofs of these ancient religions and belief systems can be found in the pyramids in Egypt, as well as in the ancient Roman temples around the Mediterranean Sea. From the onset of European culture, politics, religion, and society were interconnected within the ancient state, the Greek pólis or the Roman civitas. So religions and politics were interlinked in ancient European societies. Later on, these three aspects differentiated more and more. Today, politics, religions, and societies are almost separated, but one should be aware that humans are oriented toward religious belief, as civilians within a political state and a civil society. So it is useful to respect religion and belief even within a political point of view.

At the beginning of ancient Greek culture, the explanations for the reasons why the universe came to exist, and why it exists the way it does, were given in the myths of the writers Homer (ca. 8th century BCE) and Hesiod (ca. 8th century BCE). Next, there was a shift from mythos (myths) to lógos (reason). This shift can be found in the quotations and fragments of the pre-Socratic philosophers, who turned their interests toward nature and the reasons for natural phenomena. Thales of Miletus (ca. 624–546 BCE), for example, a philosopher of nature living on the Ionic coast (today’s Turkey), gave a precise forecast for a total eclipse by calculation, but people took him almost for a prophet, and, what is more, he could forecast a rich bearing of olives, so that he lent all the olive presses in his country for a small amount of money, and consequently he was able to borrow them for a very good price. The next step from myths to reason can be found in the philosophy of Plato (ca. 428/427–348/347 BCE), a disciple of Socrates (ca. 469–399 BCE). Plato underlined his arguments in his dialogues with myths, in order to explain them better to his disciples. Among them, there was another important philosopher, the educator of Alexander the Great, Aristotle (384–322 BCE). Aristotle was also very interested in investigating natural phenomena and in explaining the world by reason, not by myths.

The general aim of this early Greek philosophy was to explain the universe by using human reason rather than mythical explanations. As a result, the soul of a human should not be in a disturbed situation, but in a quiet state, which is characterized as eudaimonía (felicity). The early philosophical schools in ancient Greece always had the intention of caring for the soul by giving reasonable explanations for the universe and its existence. Consequently, these early philosophical schools played the role that religions or beliefs play in our own time.

Major Religions and Belief Systems

There are many religious systems, including ancient systems or natural religions, or smaller derivates from the major religions or belief systems. All religions and belief systems aim to provide answers to human questions on the transcendent and to major questions on life and death. People thus find orientation for their lives within these major religions and belief systems.

In general, Eastern traditions differ from Western traditions. Among Eastern traditions, which have more the character of belief systems than religions, there is Hinduism and Buddhism, but also Confucianism in China, which concentrates on the ethical life, and the animistic and polytheistic Shinto in Japan, which honors and prays to the ancestors. These are known as very old religious traditions in the Eastern part of the world.

The Western traditions are better described as religions than as belief systems. The most important are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. All three of these religions refer in quite different ways to Abraham (ca. 2000 BCE) as an ideal of a pious and religious person.

Also, Zoroastrianism is counted among the major religious traditions or belief systems. It is considered to be the first monotheistic belief system, with Ahura Mazda as the universal God. But it is also a dualistic system; asha/arta is the principle of “truth” and “order” whereas druj, “lie,” is the opposite. Both principles “fight” against each other in the world. Zoroastrianism was founded by the prophet Zoroaster, or Zarathushtra, in the farmland area of today’s Western Iran. The main teachings of Zoroastrianism can be found in the scripture Zend-Avesta.

In Asia, the Hindu traditions are well known; the religion of the Vedas and the Upanishads is grounded in very old scriptures (e.g., the Bhagavad Gita or “Song of God”). The beginning of these traditions is about 4,000 years BCE in India. The Hindu traditions have a polytheistic basis, with Shiva and Vishnu as the central deities, but only one eternal aim: the unification of the individual soul, atman, with the highest spirit, Brahman . After several lives, the soul can enter the Brahman, leaving the system of reincarnation ( samsara ), if the karma, the balance of all individual actions, is good enough. Five elements are considered to be central for Hindu beliefs: (1) dharma (ethics and duties), (2) samsara (cycle of reincarnation), (3) karma (action and resulting reaction), (4) moksha (liberation from the cycle of rebirth), and (5) yogas (paths and practices). Though it is controversially debated among scholars whether the caste system is an important part of Hindu teaching, this social system remains strong even today. There are four castes, called varnas, beginning with the highest cast: (1) Brahmins (teachers and priests); (2) Kshatriyas (warriors, nobles, and kings); (3) Vaishyas (farmers, merchants, and businessmen); and (4) Shudras (servants and laborers). The caste system is very rigid. Marriage is only possible within one caste. People outside the caste system, Parjanya or Antyaja (or now Dalits), the “untouchables,” have almost no chance to progress in social life. Therefore, this system has often been criticized as discriminatory (e.g., by Mahatma Gandhi [1869–1948], whose ideal was absolute peacefulness).

Also in Asia, the Buddhist tradition is founded on the philosophy of Siddhartha Gautama Buddha (ca. 563–483 BCE), who was a teacher of spiritual wisdom. There are two main traditions in Buddhism: the Mahayana (great vehicle) Buddhism and the Theravada (ancient teaching) Buddhism. A smaller tradition is the Hinayana (low vehicle) Buddhism. Central Buddhist teachings contain the Four Noble Truths: (1) the nature of suffering ( dukkha ), (2) suffering’s origin ( samudaya ), (3) suffering’s cessation ( nirodha ), and (4) the way ( marga ) leading to the cessation of suffering. This “way” (marga) is characterized by the Noble Eightfold Path: (1) right view, (2) right intention (wisdom), (3) right speech, (4) right action, (5) right livelihood (ethical conduct), (6) right effort, (7) right mindfulness, and (8) right concentration (concentration). The Noble Eightfold Path contains the ethical “program” of Buddhism.

One aim of Buddhism is to bring cessation from suffering to the human soul. There are several traditions within Buddhism. Among them, there is Zen Buddhism in Japan and Tibetan Buddhism, whose head is the Dalai Lama. The monastic tradition is also very common in Buddhism, because its discipline helps the adherent to succeed in achieving the aim, the nirvana, as a unity of the individual soul with the universal in the absolute nothingness (nirvana).

The Mosaic tradition, later Judaism, is historically the first major tradition in Western culture. Christianity and Islam followed. In Judaism, humankind has been given the advice to follow God’s law, which was revealed on Mount Sinai, or Horeb to Moses. This revelation took place during the Exodus, the Jews’ escape out of Egyptian slavery. Moses was the leader of the people of Israel during that time. A life in accordance to the law will end up in felicity and prosperity, even after death. The prophets played a major role, because they renewed the concentration on God’s revelation within his law. During the reign of the Babylonian emperor Nebuchadnezzar II (ca. 630–562 BCE), the Jewish people were kidnapped and taken to Babylon. The Babylonian Talmud was written during this time, a commentary on the Torah, with respect to other commentaries and the oral tradition, in order to give a set of rules for everyday life. Literature interpreting the Torah is known as midrash.

When the people of Israel returned to the Holy Land, they built the first temple. In the year 70 CE, the temple was destroyed by the Romans, and the rabbinic phase began in Judaism. Rabbis are teachers of the Holy Scripture and they interpret for believers. They also give advice to pious Jews on how to manage life and how to decide in problematic situations. The halakha means to follow properly the way of the Jewish tradition.

Judaism today is quite various. There are liberal branches, as well as orthodox branches, whose believers observe the traditional religious law very strictly. As predicted in the prophecies of the Hebrew Bible, Jewish people still wait for the Messiah, who will come in the future in order to complete the divine law in his person.

In Christianity, Jesus Christ is believed to be the son of God, who came to redeem people. After the original sin of Adam and Eve, humankind survived for the redemption. The redeemer is Jesus Christ, who was crucified by the Romans after being accused, by the Jews in Jerusalem, of heresy for pretending to be the Messiah, and whose resurrection after 3 days astonished people, especially his own disciples. After another 40 days, Jesus Christ went up into heaven. After another 9 days, the Holy Spirit was sent down to earth in order to lead the faithful and to give consolation to them. God is the Holy Trinity in Christian tradition: God-Father, God-Son, God-Holy-Spirit.

Later, the Christian church developed into a more and more powerful institution, which secures the tradition of belief and teaching. Although crusades have occurred, the Christian doctrine is against force and tends toward peace on earth. In the year 1054 CE, the Eastern Greek Church turned away from the Latin Roman Church with the pope, the bishop of Rome, as Vicar of Christ and head of the church. Formally, there were two reasons for the East-West Schism: First, the Western and the Eastern traditions could not find a proper date for Easter, and second, the Eastern tradition could not agree to the filioque (“and by the Son”) within the credo, the big confession of the faith. The filioque means that the Holy Spirit was sent by the Father and Son together.

In the 16th century, the Protestant Reformation movements began with the Augustinian monk Martin Luther (1483–1546) in Germany, Huldrych Zwingli (1484–1531), and John Calvin (1509–1564) in Switzerland. The theologians Erasmus of Rotterdam (1466 or 1469–1536) and Philipp Melanchthon (1497–1560) both followed the Lutheran teaching and supported the Protestant teaching in the academic sector (e.g., by writing important letters). The Protestant Reformation movements wanted to renew the Western Church (e.g., by providing new translations of the Bible, and a new structure by changing the hierarchy). But in the end, these movements divided the church again as a result of a second big schism. Protestant Christianity then divided again into the many small movements and churches, or denominations, of today.

In 1534, the English Church separated from the Roman Church, and as a result the Church of England or Anglican Church was founded. The king or the queen of England is the head of the Anglican Church, and meanwhile the Archbishop of Canterbury exercises this office worldwide in the Anglican Church (e.g., the Episcopal Church in the USA). Whereas the High Church is near to the Catholic Church, the Low Church is nearer to the Protestant Church. So the Anglican Church regards itself as a “middle way” between Protestantism and Roman Catholicism.

In contrast to Protestantism, the Catholic Church keeps up its 2,000-year-old tradition and discipline, although the Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican (1962–1965) has changed some elements in this tradition.

Islam was founded by the prophet Muhammad (ca. 570–632 CE), who had a direct revelation from God ( Alla – h ). This revelation is written down in the Koran, the holy book of Islam. In 622 CE, the first year of the Islamic calendar, Muhammad went from Mecca to Medina; this event is called the Hijra, or “walk,” which was the founding act of Islam. Sometime later, Muhammad returned to Mecca with his soldiers and gained a lot of followers and power. Islam regards itself as the final religion, which is based on the ultimate revelation given by God to Muhammad. This revelation gave perfection to the Mosaic and Christian revelation. Muhammad, the prophet of God, is the last and the highest of the prophets.

In the Islamic tradition, on each Friday there is a ritual prayer in the mosque. Ritual prayers are among the most important elements of Islam, the so-called Five Pillars of Islam: (1) fasting in the month of Ramadan, (2) the pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj), (3) ritual prayers (salát) several times a day, (4) charity (e.g., giving money to the poor), and (5) the profession of faith. Also, the observance of religious law (sharia), which contains rules for all areas of human life, is central to Islamic teaching. Islam is a religion or belief system of strict discipline, and it has gained a lot of influence in the states of both the Near East and the Middle East, as well as in Indonesia and Africa.

Each major religion or belief system knows certain objects and symbols, as well as rites. The rite is often connected with specific objects or symbols. In Buddhism, for instance, the wheel is a symbol of the recurrence of life and, more important, the Noble Eightfold Path. In the Mosaic tradition, the Star of David is the central symbol of identification. In Christianity, the cross, on which Christ was sacrificed, is the core symbol. And in the Islamic tradition, the half moon, as well as the sword, is central.

Symbols serve to give meaning to rites. In Jewish service, for example, the scrolls of the Torah must not be touched by humans, because they are absolutely sacred and represent God’s presence. Therefore signs exist, sometimes formed like a human hand, with which the scrolls of the Torah can be touched in order to follow the lines, which have to be cited. Another symbol in Jewish service is the shofar, a horn (e.g., from a ram, which is blown in preparation for and during Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, when humans reconcile with God). Yom Kippur is celebrated 10 days after Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year.

In the Catholic Holy Mass, wine and bread are leavened and then transubstantiated into the blood and body of Christ as an unbloody renewal of the Crucifixion of Christ. The Host is then essentially Christ, and it is carefully venerated and adored. Also, the Virgin Mary is venerated in the Catholic faith as the Mother of Jesus Christ (i.e., the Mother of God). In the Protestant traditions, the transubstantiation is interpreted in a different way. The essential real presence of Christ is limited to the moment of the transubstantiation. Also, the veneration of the Virgin Mary and the saints is not common in the Protestant tradition. In order to venerate the Corpus Christi (body of Christ), the Virgin Mary, or the saints, there are often processions of Christians, especially in the Catholic tradition.

The pilgrimage ( hajj ) to Mecca, one of the holy cities of Islam, has its aim in circling around the Kaaba, or “cube.” The Kaaba is a thousand-year-old small building and the most sacred place in Islam. In the Eastern corner of the Kaaba, there is the Black Stone, the most important feature of the “cube.” All Muslims pray in the direction of Mecca, as it is the center of Islam.

Also, ritual dances or specific music or songs help to bring people into a state of mind that leads them toward a deeper understanding of the transcendent. The location for rites is, in most cases, a sacred place or a temple (in Christianity, a church), which can be seen as the house of God. These “houses of God or gods” attach a specific place to religions or beliefs, thereby providing an identity for them; also, they provide a meeting point for the believers as a kind of “home.”

Religions and belief systems express themselves in teachings, on the one hand manifested by oral traditions and on the other by sacred manuscripts. The basis for most of the teachings is a divine revelation.

The most common religious manuscript in our times is the Holy Bible, the “book of books.” But in the Far East, we have a lively tradition of Holy Scriptures: In the Vedas and Upanishads, Indian religious wisdom is written down, as in the Bhagavad Gita, or Song of God, as mentioned earlier. In the Bhagavad Gita, Sanjaya, who has a supernatural eye, tells the blind-born king Dhritarashtra about the big battle (between the near-related royal families of the Pandavas and Kauravas) that took place in the region where now the city of Delhi is located.

Judaism and Christianity refer in different ways to the Holy Bible. The Mosaic tradition is based on the five books of Moses, the Mosaic law or the Torah, the books of the prophets, and the psalms. Another important writing of Jewish tradition is The Guide of the Perplexed by Moses Maimonides (ca. 1135–1204), which considers religious and philosophical aspects, and helps to interpret the Jewish law properly. Maimonides’s influence on Jewish thinking still remains intense. Christianity is also based on the Old Testament, partly equivalent to the Hebrew Bible ( Tanakh ), but also on the New Testament: the Four Gospels, the Acts of the Apostles, the Epistles of Saint Paul, and the General or Catholic Epistles, as well as the Apocalypse of Saint John.

In the Koran, or “the recitation,” the holy book of Islam, the revelation to Muhammad resulted in the central teachings of Islam, which are the core of the religious law, the sharia. Furthermore, the sunna, the history of the life of Muhammad, is the model of a good life for a Muslim. In Islam, the religious law, the sharia, has a great meaning, so the most important religious leaders are judges.

Teachings of all religions provide explanations for the beginning of the universe, as in Genesis, the first book of the bible, moral teachings, and orders for a good life, which must match the will of God. These moral teachings belong to the realm of natural rights, which are similar in all religions and belief systems and their teachings. Natural rights follow human nature and therefore human rationality. Religious teachings give answers to crucial human questions concerning the universe, ethical problems, and life and death.

In the field of religions and beliefs, many fruitful future research areas can be found. The humanities, especially the studies of religion, which are linked to anthropological and sociocultural research, create new research areas: using the structuralistic method of the French ethnologist Claude Lévi-Strauss, rituals are analyzed in order to discover the common structures of rituals in different religions or beliefs. Furthermore, the discourse of religions and beliefs are examined as well. Therefore, the dynamics and controversies within this discursive process are analyzed and described in order to obtain more results concerning the relationship between different religions and belief systems.

Also, the aesthetics of religions or beliefs are currently under scrutiny. Religions and beliefs can be described as aesthetical systems or systems of symbols, which influence the human realization of reality. The aesthetics of religion build up a systematic coherence for religions and belief systems. Another field of interest is the influence of religions and beliefs on different human societies and politics, because religions and belief systems provide ethical rules and values. Psychological studies examine the inner processes caused by the personal beliefs of a human being, for example during religious examinations, such as prayers or meditations. Very important for future research on religion is the investigation of human nature. All religions or belief systems provide concepts of human nature. This question of human nature is important for answering many questions and solving many problems in terms of the sciences in the future (e.g., in human-genetics research).

Also, in philosophy and theology, there are new areas of research, especially the examination of the relationship between rationality and religion or belief. For example, the context of metaphysical considerations of late antiquity and the appearance of Christian revelation in the first centuries, beginning with early Fathers of the Church like Origen (185–254 CE) and ending with Saint Augustine (354–430 CE). During that time, theology has its origins in the confrontation of philosophy and religion. A major rational concentration on religious thoughts can be found in the Middle Ages (e.g., in the Summa Theologica, written from 1264–1274, of Saint Thomas Aquinas). The rationalism of the European Enlightenment emphasized critical views grounded in logic and nature. After rationalism, German idealism included religion systematically within philosophy as a philosophical perfection of the spirit. The German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900) understood his philosophical work as a negative profile of religion in contrast to Christian thinking, which, he posited, is not suitable to human nature. But in the 20th and 21st centuries, religions and beliefs soon came back to the intellectual agenda. Therefore, religions and beliefs are truly fruitful objects for future research, as well as for anthropological research.

Summing up, the following three points are important for an anthropological perspective of religions and beliefs:

• Religions and belief systems want to give humans aspecial place in the universe and within reality itself, which is of course a different orientation from the scientific worldview, but nevertheless one way to consider the universe and humans within it.
• People may not want to refer to religion or beliefs assomething entirely made by humans. For many people, religions and beliefs should include a serious transcendental relationship (e.g., based on a revelation). Otherwise, religion is in danger of becoming an ideology, which may lead people to the use of force and cruelty, as in totalitarian political systems. Such systems are often characterized as political religions, like fascism, national socialism, or communism.
• Moreover, religions and belief systems need not be rigidsystems of moral teachings in order to suppress others. Religions offer guidelines for life respecting the truth, with the aim being a future life (of the soul) in truth and peace. In religions and belief systems, people want to live their lives in accordance with God, as fruitful and successful individuals. And, what is more, people want to gain the hope for eternal life or redemption after death, which thereby gives a meaningful sense to human existence, like a gate to paradise, near to God or the transcendent.

Religions and beliefs belong to many fields in the humanities: theology, philosophy, sociology, history, religious studies, and psychology (among others). It is very important that, in many perspectives on human life, religion and belief play a role as an answer to the question of the sense of human life and death. In religions and belief systems, humans seek answers to many other questions as well, especially in terms of ethical questions and the question of a good life. As a result, religions and belief systems play a major role within anthropological considerations of any kind.

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• Meister, C., & Copan, P. (Eds.). (2007). The Routledge companion to philosophy of religion. New York: Routledge.
• Mitchell, D. W. (2008). Buddhism: Introducing the Buddhist experience (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
• Moro, P. A., Myers, J. E., & Lehmann, A. C. (Eds.). (2008). Magic, witchcraft, and religion: An anthropological study of the supernatural (7th ed.) . New York: McGraw-Hill.
• Morris, B. (2006). Religion and anthropology: A critical introduction. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
• Nigosian, S. A. (2008). World religions: A historical approach (4th ed.). Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s.
• Otto, R. (1925). The idea of the holy: An inquiry into the nonrational factor in the idea of the divine and its relation to the rational. New York: Oxford University Press. (Original work published 1917)
• Rodrigues, H., & Harding, J. (Eds.). (2008). Introduction to the study of religion. New York: Routledge.
• Schleiermacher, F. D. E. (1996). On religion: Speeches to its cultured despisers. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. (Original work published 1967)
• Segal, E. (2008). Introducing Judaism. New York: Routledge.
• Seitschek, H. O. (2006). Religion. In H. J. Birx (Ed.), Encyclopedia of anthropology (Vol. 5, pp. 1998–2003). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
• Tillich, P. (1988). Main works: Writings on religions (Vol. 5). Berlin: de Gruyter. (Original works published 1955, 1961)
• Troeltsch, E. (1981). The social teaching of the Christian churches. With an introduction by H. Richard Niebuhr (O. Wyon, Trans.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Original work published 1912)
• Voegelin, E. (1999). Modernity without restraint. Edited with an introduction by Manfred Henningsen. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. (Original work published 1938)
• Williams, J. (2008). Islam: Understanding the history, beliefs, and culture. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow.
• Wittgenstein, L. (2001). Philosophical investigations (G. E. M. Anscombe, Trans.). Oxford, UK: Blackwell. (Original work published 1953)
• Young, S. (2007). New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark.

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134 Religion Research Paper Topics: Brand New Ideas List 2023

Throughout history, people have always believed in the existence of a mighty figure that has always been referred to as “the fascinating and terrifying mystery.” Even the people who showed that they had no faith will ask for help in times of danger from a saintly figure. Religious beliefs are a reality of life that requires understanding, and this is where the academic field of religious research comes in. Religious studies study different religious beliefs, institutions, and behaviors that exist in the world. The study aims to explain, compare and interpret other religions—religious studies analyze people’s behavior and beliefs by having a neutral perspective. The basis of religious studies courses focuses on psychology, anthropology, philosophy, sociology, and the history of religion.

Why is Religious Studies Important?

Religious studies focus on the primary component of human culture and society. The key to understanding human behaviors lies in knowing people’s religious beliefs and practices. The world is becoming increasingly diverse, and understanding religions and cultures makes it easy to communicate based on knowledge rather than stereotyping.

Also, religious studies have excellent employment prospects as its students get opportunities for cross-disciplinary research through the various courses offered in the majors. The religious program is a distinctive program that emphasizes understanding the nature and history of communities affected by religions. Hence, it makes it easier to understand society and the people. If you are already a religious studies student, you will know all the benefits of opting for this subject. However, writing a thesis in religious studies is not easy; hence, we will be giving a brief insight into different religions and listing some religious topics for the research paper.

Different Types of Religion

There are many different religions in the world; we will be discussing some exciting details about the popular ones:

Islam Islam is a religion similar to Christianity and Judaism. Islam has its roots back in the era of Adam and the prophet Ibrahim. People who follow Islam are called Muslims. Muslims believe that Allah is the only God and Muhammad is his last messenger. Quran is the holy book of the Muslims which is a compilation of the revelations of God to the prophet Muhammad through the angel Jibrael. Quran, or the book of Allah, is said to contain the exact words of God; hence it offers a nonnegotiable blueprint on how to spend your life. The Islamic legal code known as the Sharia states every aspect of life, from marriage to business. Whoever abides by the teachings of Sharia will get paradise, and whoever disregards it and Muhammad’s teaching will get the hell in the hereafter. Christianity Christianity is a religion that is based on the teachings of Jesus. People who follow Christianity are known as Christians and believe that Jesus is the Son of God. Christian scripture includes the commandments in the Torah and the adherent version of it. Christians believe that Jesus met and completed all the laws defined by Torah, but he took upon him the sins of the world during his crucifixion and died. He will rise to live again to grant grace from God to those who put their faith in him. Christianity also has a concept of reward in the form of heaven for those who do good in life and a place called hell for people who did evil deeds in their life. Hinduism Hinduism is regarded as the oldest religion, dating back to 1500-600 BCE. It’s a religion with a compilation of many beliefs and traditions; due to this reason, it’s also referred to as a “Family of religion.” Hindus believe in the continuous cycle of life, death, reincarnation, and karma. Critical thoughts of Hinduism are of “atman” belief in the soul. Hindus who follow Hinduism aim to achieve “mukti,” or salvation that ends the cycle of rebirths to become one of the absolute souls. Buddhism Buddhism is considered a religion and a philosophy. The religion is based on the teachings of Gautama Buddha, a sage thinker who lived between the fourth and sixth centuries BCE. His teachings were based on moral rectitude, achievement of peace through meditation, and freedom from material desires and attachment. He dedicated his life to preaching kindness, wisdom, and compassion to people living in the eastern part of ancient India. The people who follow Buddhism are known as Buddhists. The goal of Buddhists is to achieve freedom from material attachment, ignorance, and anger in pursuit of a sublime place called Nirvana by following Buddhas’ teachings.

Research Paper Topics on Religion

Suppose you are searching for topics for your religious studies thesis, then you will come across complex topics which are hard to understand. Hence we have created a list of 134 relevant religious essay topics to provide you with a kick start for your research. Furthermore, remember you have the opportunity to buy custom research paper from professional helpers team.

World Religion Research Paper Topics

• Evaluating the perception of the soul in different religions
• Can religion be used to guide teenagers, and how?
• What ethical beliefs are involved in the Hindu faith
• Discussing the significant causes of the protestant reformation
• The primary purpose of mission in the modern religion
• Can taking someone’s life be justified religiously and ethically?
• The history of Judaism
• The history of Hinduism
• Role of religion in shaping the history of science and education
• Religion and the globalized world
• The political impact of religion
• Religion and crime: Concept of reward and punishment
• People and religion from social psychology perspective5
• Cultural specifics in religion

Research Paper Topics Religion and Society

• Beliefs that existed before organized religion
• Evaluate why politicians should not interfere in religious disputes.
• Describe the major differences between the Old Testament and New Testament laws.
• How does religion affect the political economy
• How can one create religion?
• What role does religion play in poetry and literature?
• Media source and religion
• Generational specifics of religions
• Evaluating polytheistic religions
• Religion in modern Japan
• Analyzing the connection between religion and law
• Should religious leaders have political and legal power?

Sociology Religion Research Paper Topics

• How does religion affect mental health
• Significance of religion in environmental issues
• How have modern times affected religion?
• Belief system without gods
• Who benefits from religion?
• Evaluating the religious beliefs prevailing in modern India to their ideas in the 20 th century
• What is the perception of guardian angels in different religions
• What is the hypostatic union
• Do babies go straight to heaven if they die?
• Analyzing the principle beliefs of Eastern and Western religious faiths.
• “God only exists in the minds of those who believe” to what extent it’s true.
• How does divinity exists in Egyptian beliefs?
• The perception of different religions about the end of the world
• C0-existence of Hinduism and Islam in India.

Religious Essay Topics

• Theology of reality and myth
• Theology of love and death
• A postmodern take on theology and atheism
• Principles and importance of theology and theological methods
• Religious effect on rational theology
• Are theology and philosophy inseparable from sciences?
• Global cultural models in religious systems
• How does sociology affect religious systems?
• Dynamics of religious systems
• How is democracy affected by religious systems?
• Religion systems and geographical dependencies
• How is the market affected by the religious systems?

Religious Topics for Research Papers

• Religions and their everyday rituals
• Does religion act as a social glue to keep together communities and nations?
• Religion and space: What is believed to be present beyond
• Are religion and morality connected or separate?
• How is the role of women defined in religions?
• Religion and medicine
• The importance of sacrifices in different religious practices
• How does religion impact family connections?
• What is the evolutionary perspective on religion?
• How do myths affect the modern society
• Religion and the role of symbolism
• What role does religion play in forming prejudices?
• The role of illusions and magic in religion
• How does religion affect adolescents and faith?
• Religion and the Age of Enlightenment

Argumentative Essay Topics on Religion

• Will religions ever end?
• The concept of an afterlife in different religions
• How is the economy affected by religion?
• Comparison between modern religions and shamanism
• How do disconnect spirituality from religion?
• Is it possible to follow a single world religion?
• Comparing modern psychologists and religious counselors
• Should religion get special treatment from the government?
• The different perspectives about sex in other religions
• The significance of baptism for infants and adults
• Different religious methods of converting followers
• The manifestation of totems and the world
• Is the great flood story found in religions?
• How is terrorism affected by religion?

Sociology of Religion Research Topics

• How do religion impact war and revolution?
• Religion and its effect on marriage
• Religion and violence: Are they related?
• Are rationality and religion mutually exclusive?
• Comparing prayer and meditative techniques
• Does religion create more problems than it solves?
• Analyzing the connection between religion and Anthropology
• Features of a person who applies to become a saint
• The different ways to celebrate Christmas
• Different methods used by religions to build peace

Christianity Research Paper Topics

• Is cloning an acceptable act in Christianity?
• The role missionaries played in the early church
• Is cloning an act against God?
• Analyzing the relation between sociology and religion
• Is it right to change religion?
• Evaluating the difference between Judaism and Christianity
• The role of female preachers in the congregation
• How is death perceived in Christianity
• Evaluate the tradition of visiting the church on Sunday
• The history of Christianity
• Faith is a reality; evaluate this statement!
• Evaluate religious tolerance
• Evaluate whether men are slaves to religion
• The Christian view of gay marriages

Religion Discussion Topics

• How do different religions cannibalize past religions?
• The importance of religious books like the Bible and Quran
• The concept of reincarnation in Hinduism
• Is atheism a religion?
• The various perspective of religions on contraceptives
• How have the Jewish people navigated persecution so well over the centuries
• How can artificial insemination be implied?
• Do you think it’s religiously correct to freeze your embryo?
• How can the government control the people through religion?
• Is Mormonism a true American religion?
• What is religious inequality
• The negative aspects of Buddhism
• Is Buddhism a philosophy or a religion?

Islam Research Paper Topics

• Is Islam a peaceful religion
• Is it possible to practice freedom of religion in Arab countries?
• The most famous reference book in Islam
• The history of Islam
• The basic concepts of religious books
• Is abortion a sin against God?
• Is it a sin to have control over your body and kids?
• Islam: A misunderstood religion
• Islam: Misunderstandings and prejudices
• The role of women as highlighted in Islam
• Islam and traditionalism: are they separable?
• Past and future of Islam
• The political impact of Islam
• How has the Islamic image formed in the West?
• How would the world be without Islam?

Efficient Research Paper Help

Finding the correct thesis topic is not easy, especially if you have so many ideas that you are confused about what to choose and how to start. It’s better to list topics that intrigue you and then select the topic you find the most information on. The thesis is significant, and your final grade depends on it; hence, if you have doubts about writing your thesis, it will be helpful to take online writing help from expert writers. We offer professional writers who provide fast and professional services at an affordable price. If you are a college or university student, you can request custom-based services for your homework, assignment, thesis, quizzes, etc. What are you waiting for? Contact us with a “ do my research paper ” message and get perfect result effortless.

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• A Research Guide
• Research Paper Topics

40 Religion Research Paper Topics Ideas

• The primal religions
• Animalism and totemism, their manifestations in the modern world
• Polytheistic religions and mythology. Similarities in myths and images of the gods
• Greek myths and religion, their impact on the European culture
• The phenomenon of trickster gods
• The female goddesses triad: the maiden, the mother and the hag
• World religions and science
• Monotheistic religions: similarities and differences
• Religions and laws in modern world
• Theocratic states and the influence of religion there
• Religion and daily life. How do people implement religion practices in the modern world?
• Is Atheism a religion too?
• World religions that have no gods
• The concept of soul in different religions
• The history of Christianity
• The history of Islam
• The history of Judaism
• Nordic mythology and religion in modern world
• Religion and wars. Chaplainship
• Religion in modern Japan
• Religious counseling versus classical psychology
• Attitude to sex of different religions
• Religions and gender
• Children and religions. Are children considered innocent in all the religions?
• Teenagers and religion. Can faith help overcome the harshness of puberty?
• Female clergy in different religions
• Women and Islam
• Religions and economics
• Religions and LGBTQ+ people
• Hinduism and Islam in India
• The history of Hinduism and its impact on modern Indian culture
• Confucianism
• Crisis of faith, what is it?
• The concept of reincarnation in world religions
• The afterlife: similarities and differences in different religions
• Black churches
• Yoga: a health or religious practice?
• Zoroastrinism
• What causes a new religion to emerge?
• Shamanism from the dawn of the history to modern days

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Choose the Best Religion Research Topics

Every human being has something or someone they hold in high regard. For most people, it is religion. Religion has been a major part of our existence as human beings from time immemorial and will continue to be. As important as they are, factors like globalization, technology, and other factors have caused them to change over the years.

These topics about religion are the reason why we can understand these changes over the years. It helps us to know how it affects our changing society and how it can help us be better. These research papers on religion also allow us to understand the religions that are not ours while finding their similarities or differences along the line.

There are numerous religions out there, and there might be many of them you haven’t even heard of. With freedom of religion as one of our significant human rights, it allows you to express your belief when you like. Provided this doesn’t hurt another person, everyone has these rights, and you learn about these different religions through research topics like this.  

This article on religious research topics will guide you through choosing suitable topics for your next religion paper. It shows you the importance of this study and why you should equally take it seriously. If you don’t like our topics, this also provides practical tips for selecting yours. Keep reading to find out all the valuable information contained here.

How to Select Best Religion Research Topic?

The topics on religion are as important as they are delicate. You want to pay particular attention when coming up with these topics, so you ensure you’re not going out of line. Especially when it is not a religion you believe in. Here are some tips you might want to use;

1. Only mention facts

Research topics about religion should be solely based on facts and nothing else. You can not insinuate or draw conclusions based on what you see from the surface. Make proper research, talk to experts in the field, and include in your research only your findings and nothing more.

2. Be open-minded

When learning about other people’s religions, you should prepare yourself to see things your religion may not exactly agree with. If you come across something you disagree with, try to see it from their perspective before writing it off. You should understand that they are only different and do not hurt you in any way.

3. Choose specific topics

Before choosing your topics and religion research questions, check if the scope of the topic is something you can cover easily and with the amount of time available. You don’t want to select a topic too vague and get lost along the line when trying to expand and explain yourself. If you can’t effectively cover all requirements before proving your point, you should probably choose a different topic.

4. Select a topic of interest

The process of writing, instead of looking like rigorous research, becomes a means to satisfy your curiosity. It isn’t just about choosing a topic. It helps you if you like the topic. The more you learn, the more you want to know. You even want to share your findings with the people around you because of how fascinated you are.

5. Put your reader in mind

In coming up with a topic, think of it as providing a tour to someone through your work. What would they like to hear about religion? Are there any interesting facts that draw them to keep reading? These are the details you don’t want to leave out when choosing your topic.  

Importance of Religious Research Topics  

It is essential to be religiously aware in your society. This knowledge helps you act accordingly so as not to abuse or offend another person’s faith. For most people, their religion or absence is significant to them, making it even more critical. There are other reasons why they are essential, which include;

1. Creates religious awareness

When you learn about other people’s religions, it gives you an insight into their belief systems. You get to understand why they do some things, their religious practices, and what their religion requires of them. This would also help you know about their precious items and how to respect their wishes.

2. Can serve as an access point

While everyone has reverence for different things they choose, and for some people, it is religion. In cases of conflict or misunderstanding, you can use religion as an access point by either seeking counsel from their spiritual leaders or trying to understand why they did what they did.

3. Can be a moral compass

All religions should preach peace, humility, and love for humankind. Communicating this language to people, irrespective of their religion ensures sanity. You don’t have to force people to do the right thing, and faith helps you teach them already.

Religious Research Topics

When choosing religious topics, there are a few tips you can go with. These tips include approaching them as a whole, looking for common grounds, etc. here are some options;

1. How does religion affect technological advancements in smaller communities?

2. Various religious beliefs in the twenty-first century

3. Is religion an effective tool for world peace?

4. Introduction of modernization to religious practices, does it reduce the efficacy?

5. Religion and spirituality. Are they mutually exclusive?

6. Family ties with religion as a binding property, myth, or fact?

7. Can religious beliefs exist in the state of common sense?

8. The supremacy of God irrespective of religion as preached by Christianity.

9. Is there such a thing as religious supremacy in a religious society? Who is said to be supreme?

10. Effect of religion on economic systems.

Society and Religion Essay Topics  

Understanding how religion affects society is critical because we can all learn to co-exist. Here are some essay topics that you can use;

1. Effect of diversified religious beliefs amongst communities

2. Are all religious practices completely harmless? Agree or disagree

3. Bias due to religion in the workplace.  

4. What makes up a religion? The beliefs or the people?

5. Are prayers and meditative techniques the same thing?

6. Classism among societies, can religion be a factor?

7. Religion and its gender dynamics.

8. The influence of modern society on religious practices.  

9. Demographic implications of religious practices.

10. Similarities among different religions. What are their common grounds?

Religion Research Paper Topics

If you have to write a religious research paper for your project, thesis, or any academic writing, then these will help.

1. Marriage rights, systems, and practices across different religions.

2. Burial rites and practices across different religions.  

3. Religious extremism, are there any positive sides to it?

4. What are the positive and negative aspects of diversified religion?

5. Who is God according to religion? Discuss

6. The influence of religious leaders on their congregation. Is it healthy?

7. Should all religious practices be excused? Who decides what stays and what leaves?

8. Is it possible for a religion to die?

9. Symbolism in different religions. The symbols and what they represent.

10. Can the government influence a religious practice if unsafe?

Christianity Research Paper Topics  

As an excellent ground to learn the basics and gain deep insights into Christianity, these research topics on the Christian religion are just right.

1. The account of Christianity as was passed down to modern-day Christians.  

2. Common religious practices among Christians.

3. Are all Christian denominations similar?  

4. What is church politics? Is it common among different denominations?

5. The early Christians and their role in the Christian doctrines.

6. Social tolerance in the Christian community

7. Discrimination in the Christian society, is it existent, and what are the bases?

8. Laws among Christian communities, which makes them, and to what extent must they be enforced?

9. Christianity as an individual belief and as a society.

10. Significant changes to Christianity since the early Christians.

Interesting Religious Topics

For all the exciting facts that there is to know about religion, the different perspectives. These topics are some suggestions to guide your curiosity.

1. What race was Jesus?  

2. Are there any similar practices that are the same across every religion?

3. An approach to crime and punishment from the religious perspective

4. Is the education system a threat to the religious system? Can they both co-exist?

5. The concept of morality, can it exist if religion is taken aside?

6. How are religious leaders chosen among different religions?

7. Loyalty vs. fear in religion. Where do you cross the line?

8. Religion specifics as it applies to children, youths, and adults.

9. Religious liberties at places of work, are they equal amongst different religions?

10. The account of creation vs. evolution, similarities, and differences.

World Religions Paper Topics

On a larger scale, religion does affect the world at large, and here is how you find out. These topics cut across denominations, countries, nationalities, and the world.

1. What part does religion play in international relations?

2. Is world peace attainable without religion?

3. Do gender roles in religion change with modernization?

4. Effect of religious bias on national and international policies

5. Are religious practices different based on geographical locations?

6. The concept of the afterlife across various religions

7. What is the basis of atheism?

8. What does Confucianism mean?

9. Religious education as a delicate topic in the era of religious freedom  

10. Is Confucianism a religion or not?

Religious Research Paper Topics

Religion topics for your research paper can be found here;

1. What do different religions say about abortion? Discuss

2. Various societal ills and what religion has to say. Choose your desired scope to cover.

3. The reward for righteous people according to different religions, in heaven or on earth?

4. Religious discipline, what does it mean, and is it extreme?

5. The psychology behind religion.

6. Religion as it is from an outsider’s perspective.

7. Right from wrong in religion vs. society.

8. How does being religious extend from mere morality?

9. Karl Marx and religion, what did he have to say, and was he right?

10. Religious freedom in various demographics.  

Buddhism Research Paper Topics

There’s no denying the diversity in different religions, hence the need to learn about them. These topics will guide your research on Buddhism.

1. Discuss a comprehensive analysis of Buddhism in India

2. What is karma in Buddhism?

3. Personal liberation as is taught in Buddhism.

4. Has modernization changed core practices in Buddhism? Discuss.  

5. What are the practices in Buddhism?

6. What does Buddhism say about rebirth and the afterlife?

7. Discuss the account of creation in Buddhism

8. What is liberation, and how is it perceived in Buddhism?

9. How does the practice of Buddhism differ depending on geographical location?

10. Does technology have any implications for Buddhist practices in developed countries?

Islam Research Topics

If you want to learn more about the Islamic religion, you can explore these topics.

1. Islam from the beginning till date.

2. What are the roles of women according to the Islamic religion?

3. How did Jihad begin, and what is it now?

4. The teachings of the Quran across different societal issues.

5. Arising issues in Islam with regards to western education.

6. Leadership pattern in Islam compared to modern-day politics.

7. The celebrations in Islam and the significance of the moon.

8. Main practices of the Islamic religion, do’s and don’ts every Muslim should know.

9. The term radicalization and how it relates to Islam.

10. The great prophet Muhammed, his life and devotion to Islam  

Theology Research Topics

The branch of study with expert knowledge on all religion research papers is theology, so it should provide you with all you need. Here are some topics.

1. Discuss the meaning of faith and its influence on religious beliefs

2. Race, religion, and culture. Where do they meet?

3. The efficacy of contemporary theology with connection to historical theology.

4. The origin and evolution of evangelism so far.

5. Important theological books in history.

6. The theology of God and love

7. Introduction of systematic theology across different studies.  

8. Religious dogmas. Using Catholic and Roman

9. Religious laws and their practical implications.

10. World wars and the stand of religion.  

Siddhartha Research Paper Topics

Siddharta topics aren’t left out on religious issues that are interesting to learn about. These topics will not only educate you but will also help you learn and understand more.  

1. The spiritual elements of Siddhartha

2. The story behind Siddhartha and Kamala, its implication, and its relevance.

3. Siddhartha and how it relates to finding your spirituality as an individual.

4. An account of Siddharth, according to Hermann Hesse

5. Siddhartha; a path to self-knowledge and spirituality

6. Conflict, discovery, and acceptance during personal discovery.

7. The road to enlightenment on how the world should be according to Hermann Hesse

8. The philosophy behind the unity of mind, body, and soul.

9. The role of nature and humility in discovering a balanced life.

10. The concept of suffering, its origin, and how to attain freedom from suffering.

During the course of this article, you have seen how important it is to choose an excellent religious research topic. You have also been given numerous options you can choose from to make that happen.

It is essential to state that religion is a very delicate matter to some people, so it is necessary to treat it as such. It is better to approach the issue with curiosity and a quest to know more rather than looking out for who is at fault.

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35 Inspiring Theology and Religion Research Topics for Undergraduates

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