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The transformation of doctoral education: a systematic literature review

• Published: 07 January 2022
• Volume 84 , pages 885–908, ( 2022 )

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• Sónia Cardoso   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-6504-8468 1 ,
• Sandra Santos 1 ,
• Sara Diogo 1 , 2 ,
• Diana Soares 1 , 3 &
• Teresa Carvalho 1 , 2  

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Framed by a wide range of factors, doctoral education has undergone a deep transformation, especially in the last two decades. The aim of this systematic literature review was to ascertain the dimensions in which the transformation of doctoral education has been revealed. The ultimate purpose was to understand how this transformation is related to and reflects the idea or concept of doctoral education, i.e., what this is or should be. The systematic review process involved the collection, systematisation and analysis of scientific texts on doctoral education to achieve a comprehensive picture. The analysis suggests the multidimensionality of the transformation in doctoral education, evidenced in aspects related to its foundations, objectives, methods, expertise, organisation and process. This seems, in turn, to indicate the coexistence of different ideas or concepts of doctoral education.

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Conclusion: The Transformations in Doctoral Education—A Comprehensive and Critical Approach

The Increasing Importance, Growth, and Evolution of Doctoral Education

Education reform and change driven by digital technology: a bibliometric study from a global perspective

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This work was developed within the scope of the study ‘Talking about doctoral education: The perspectives of Portuguese universities and doctoral students’, supported by EDULOG–Fundação Belmiro de Azevedo and CIPES (CIPES/EDULOG/2020/22). This work is financed by national funds through Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), I.P., under the project UIDB/00757/2020.

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Sónia Cardoso, Sandra Santos, Sara Diogo, Diana Soares & Teresa Carvalho

Department of Social, Political and Territorial Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal

Sara Diogo & Teresa Carvalho

Faculty of Education and Psychology, Portuguese Catholic University, Porto, Portugal

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Cardoso, S., Santos, S., Diogo, S. et al. The transformation of doctoral education: a systematic literature review. High Educ 84 , 885–908 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-021-00805-5

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Accepted : 06 December 2021

Published : 07 January 2022

Issue Date : October 2022

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-021-00805-5

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