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Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Starting with the Yale School of Medicine (YSM) graduating class of 2002, the Cushing/Whitney Medical Library and YSM Office of Student Research have collaborated on the Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library (YMTDL) project, publishing the digitized full text of medical student theses on the web as a valuable byproduct of Yale student research efforts. The digital thesis deposit has been a graduation requirement since 2006. Starting in 2012, alumni of the Yale School of Medicine were invited to participate in the YMTDL project by granting scanning and hosting permission to the Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, which digitized the Library’s print copy of their thesis or dissertation. A grant from the Arcadia Fund in 2017 provided the means for digitizing over 1,000 additional theses. IF YOU ARE A MEMBER OF THE YALE COMMUNITY AND NEED ACCESS TO A THESIS RESTRICTED TO THE YALE NETWORK, PLEASE MAKE SURE YOUR VPN (VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK) IS ON.

Theses/Dissertations from 2024 2024

Refractory Neurogenic Cough Management: The Non-Inferiority Of Soluble Steroids To Particulate Suspensions For Superior Laryngeal Nerve Blocks , Hisham Abdou

Percutaneous Management Of Pelvic Fluid Collections: A 10-Year Series , Chidumebi Alim

Behavioral Outcomes In Patients With Metopic Craniosynostosis: Relationship With Radiographic Severity , Mariana Almeida

Ventilator Weaning Parameters Revisited: A Traditional Analysis And A Test Of Artificial Intelligence To Predict Successful Extubation , John James Andrews

Developing Precision Genome Editors: Peptide Nucleic Acids Modulate Crispr Cas9 To Treat Autosomal Dominant Disease , Jem Atillasoy

Radiology Education For U.s. Medical Students In 2024: A State-Of-The-Art Analysis , Ryan Bahar

Out-Of-Pocket Spending On Medications For Diabetes In The United States , Baylee Bakkila

Imaging Markers Of Microstructural Development In Neonatal Brains And The Impact Of Postnatal Pathologies , Pratheek Sai Bobba

A Needs Assessment For Rural Health Education In United States Medical Schools , Kailey Carlson

Racial Disparities In Behavioral Crisis Care: Investigating Restraint Patterns In Emergency Departments , Erika Chang-Sing

Social Determinants Of Health & Barriers To Care In Diabetic Retinopathy Patients Lost To Follow-Up , Thomas Chang

Association Between Fine Particulate Matter And Eczema: A Cross-Sectional Study Of The All Of Us Research Program And The Center For Air, Climate, And Energy Solutions , Gloria Chen

Predictors Of Adverse Outcomes Following Surgical Intervention For Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy , Samuel Craft

Genetic Contributions To Thoracic Aortic Disease , Ellelan Arega Degife

Actigraphy And Symptom Changes With A Social Rhythm Intervention In Young Persons With Mood Disorders , Gabriela De Queiroz Campos

Incidence Of Pathologic Nodal Disease In Clinically Node Negative, Microinvasive/t1a Breast Cancers , Pranammya Dey

Spinal Infections: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Prevention, And Management , Meera Madhav Dhodapkar

Childen's Reentry To School After Psychiatric Hospitalization: A Qualitative Study , Madeline Digiovanni

Bringing Large Language Models To Ophthalmology: Domain-Specific Ontologies And Evidence Attribution , Aidan Gilson

Surgical Personalities: A Cultural History Of Early 20th Century American Plastic Surgery , Joshua Zev Glahn

Implications Of Acute Brain Injury Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement , Daniel Grubman

Latent Health Status Trajectory Modelling In Patients With Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease , Scott Grubman

The Human Claustrum Tracks Slow Waves During Sleep , Brett Gu

Patient Perceptions Of Machine Learning-Enabled Digital Mental Health , Clara Zhang Guo

Variables Affecting The 90-Day Overall Reimbursement Of Four Common Orthopaedic Procedures , Scott Joseph Halperin

The Evolving Landscape Of Academic Plastic Surgery: Understanding And Shaping Future Directions In Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion , Sacha C. Hauc

Association Of Vigorous Physical Activity With Psychiatric Disorders And Participation In Treatment , John L. Havlik

Long-Term Natural History Of Ush2a-Retinopathy , Michael Heyang

Clinical Decision Support For Emergency Department-Initiated Buprenorphine For Opioid Use Disorder , Wesley Holland

Applying Deep Learning To Derive Noninvasive Imaging Biomarkers For High-Risk Phenotypes Of Prostate Cancer , Sajid Hossain

The Hardships Of Healthcare Among People With Lived Experiences Of Homelessness In New Haven, Ct , Brandon James Hudik

Outcomes Of Peripheral Vascular Interventions In Patients Treated With Factor Xa Inhibitors , Joshua Joseph Huttler

Janus Kinase Inhibition In Granuloma Annulare: Two Single-Arm, Open-Label Clinical Trials , Erica Hwang

Medicaid Coverage For Undocumented Children In Connecticut: A Political History , Chinye Ijeli

Population Attributable Fraction Of Reproductive Factors In Triple Negative Breast Cancer By Race , Rachel Jaber Chehayeb

Evaluation Of Gastroesophageal Reflux And Hiatal Hernia As Risk Factors For Lobectomy Complications , Michael Kaminski

Health-Related Social Needs Before And After Critical Illness Among Medicare Beneficiaries , Tamar A. Kaminski

Effects Of Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair On Cardiac Function At Rest , Nabeel Kassam

Conditioned Hallucinations By Illness Stage In Individuals With First Episode Schizophrenia, Chronic Schizophrenia, And Clinical High Risk For Psychosis , Adam King

The Choroid Plexus Links Innate Immunity To Dysregulation Of Csf Homeostasis In Diverse Forms Of Hydrocephalus , Emre Kiziltug

Health Status Changes After Stenting For Stroke Prevention In Carotid Artery Stenosis , Jonathan Kluger

Rare And Undiagnosed Liver Diseases: New Insights From Genomic And Single Cell Transcriptomic Analyses , Chigoziri Konkwo

“Teen Health” Empowers Informed Contraception Decision-Making In Adolescents And Young Adults , Christina Lepore

Barriers To Mental Health Care In Us Military Veterans , Connor Lewis

Barriers To Methadone For Hiv Prevention Among People Who Inject Drugs In Kazakhstan , Amanda Rachel Liberman

Unheard Voices: The Burden Of Ischemia With No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease In Women , Marah Maayah

Partial And Total Tonsillectomy For Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing: The Role Of The Cas-15 , Jacob Garn Mabey

Association Between Insurance, Access To Care, And Outcomes For Patients With Uveal Melanoma In The United States , Victoria Anne Marks

Urinary Vegf And Cell-Free Dna As Non-Invasive Biomarkers For Diabetic Retinopathy Screening , Mitchelle Matesva

Pain Management In Facial Trauma: A Narrative Review , Hunter Mccurdy

Meningioma Relational Database Curation Using A Pacs-Integrated Tool For Collection Of Clinical And Imaging Features , Ryan Mclean

Colonoscopy Withdrawal Time And Dysplasia Detection In Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease , Chandler Julianne Mcmillan

Cerebral Arachnoid Cysts Are Radiographic Harbingers Of Epigenetics Defects In Neurodevelopment , Kedous Mekbib

Regulation And Payment Of New Medical Technologies , Osman Waseem Moneer

Permanent Pacemaker Implantation After Tricuspid Valve Repair Surgery , Alyssa Morrison

Non-Invasive Epidermal Proteome-Based Subclassification Of Psoriasis And Eczema And Identification Of Treatment Relevant Biomarkers , Michael Murphy

Ballistic And Explosive Orthopaedic Trauma Epidemiology And Outcomes In A Global Population , Jamieson M. O'marr

Dermatologic Infectious Complications And Mimickers In Cancer Patients On Oncologic Therapy , Jolanta Pach

Distressed Community Index In Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy In Medicare-Linked Vqi Registry , Carmen Pajarillo

Preoperative Psychosocial Risk Burden Among Patients Undergoing Major Thoracic And Abdominal Surgery , Emily Park

Volumetric Assessment Of Imaging Response In The Pnoc Pediatric Glioma Clinical Trials , Divya Ramakrishnan

Racial And Sex Disparities In Adult Reconstructive Airway Surgery Outcomes: An Acs Nsqip Analysis , Tagan Rohrbaugh

A School-Based Study Of The Prevalence Of Rheumatic Heart Disease In Bali, Indonesia , Alysha Rose

Outcomes Following Hypofractionated Radiotherapy For Patients With Thoracic Tumors In Predominantly Central Locations , Alexander Sasse

Healthcare Expenditure On Atrial Fibrillation In The United States: The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2016-2021 , Claudia See

A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Of Oropharyngeal Cancer Post-Treatment Surveillance Practices , Rema Shah

Machine Learning And Risk Prediction Tools In Neurosurgery: A Rapid Review , Josiah Sherman

Maternal And Donor Human Milk Support Robust Intestinal Epithelial Growth And Differentiation In A Fetal Intestinal Organoid Model , Lauren Smith

Constructing A Fetal Human Liver Atlas: Insights Into Liver Development , Zihan Su

Somatic Mutations In Aging, Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, And Myeloid Neoplasms , Tho Tran

Illness Perception And The Impact Of A Definitive Diagnosis On Women With Ischemia And No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: A Qualitative Study , Leslie Yingzhijie Tseng

Advances In Keratin 17 As A Cancer Biomarker: A Systematic Review , Robert Tseng

Regionalization Strategy To Optimize Inpatient Bed Utilization And Reduce Emergency Department Crowding , Ragini Luthra Vaidya

Survival Outcomes In T3 Laryngeal Cancer Based On Staging Features At Diagnosis , Vickie Jiaying Wang

Analysis Of Revertant Mosaicism And Cellular Competition In Ichthyosis With Confetti , Diana Yanez

A Hero's Journey: Experiences Using A Therapeutic Comicbook In A Children’s Psychiatric Inpatient Unit , Idil Yazgan

Prevalence Of Metabolic Comorbidities And Viral Infections In Monoclonal Gammopathy , Mansen Yu

Automated Detection Of Recurrent Gastrointestinal Bleeding Using Large Language Models , Neil Zheng

Vascular Risk Factor Treatment And Control For Stroke Prevention , Tianna Zhou

Theses/Dissertations from 2023 2023

Radiomics: A Methodological Guide And Its Applications To Acute Ischemic Stroke , Emily Avery

Characterization Of Cutaneous Immune-Related Adverse Events Due To Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors , Annika Belzer

An Investigation Of Novel Point Of Care 1-Tesla Mri Of Infants’ Brains In The Neonatal Icu , Elisa Rachel Berson

Understanding Perceptions Of New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Education In A Pediatric Tertiary Care Center , Gabriel BetancurVelez

Effectiveness Of Acitretin For Skin Cancer Prevention In Immunosuppressed And Non-Immunosuppressed Patients , Shaman Bhullar

Adherence To Tumor Board Recommendations In Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma , Yueming Cao

Clinical Trials Related To The Spine & Shoulder/elbow: Rates, Predictors, & Reasons For Termination , Dennis Louis Caruana

Improving Delivery Of Immunomodulator Mpla With Biodegradable Nanoparticles , Jungsoo Chang

Sex Differences In Patients With Deep Vein Thrombosis , Shin Mei Chan

Incorporating Genomic Analysis In The Clinical Practice Of Hepatology , David Hun Chung

Emergency Medicine Resident Perceptions Of A Medical Wilderness Adventure Race (medwar) , Lake Crawford

Surgical Outcomes Following Posterior Spinal Fusion For Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis , Wyatt Benajmin David

Representing Cells As Sentences Enables Natural Language Processing For Single Cell Transcriptomics , Rahul M. Dhodapkar

Life Vs. Liberty And The Pursuit Of Happiness: Short-Term Involuntary Commitment Laws In All 50 US States , Sofia Dibich

Healthcare Disparities In Preoperative Risk Management For Total Joint Arthroplasty , Chloe Connolly Dlott

Toll-Like Receptors 2/4 Directly Co-Stimulate Arginase-1 Induction Critical For Macrophage-Mediated Renal Tubule Regeneration , Natnael Beyene Doilicho

Associations Of Atopic Dermatitis With Neuropsychiatric Comorbidities , Ryan Fan

International Academic Partnerships In Orthopaedic Surgery , Michael Jesse Flores

Young Adults With Adhd And Their Involvement In Online Communities: A Qualitative Study , Callie Marie Ginapp

Becoming A Doctor, Becoming A Monster: Medical Socialization And Desensitization In Nazi Germany And 21st Century USA , SimoneElise Stern Hasselmo

Comparative Efficacy Of Pharmacological Interventions For Borderline Personality Disorder: A Network Meta-Analysis , Olivia Dixon Herrington

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Edinburgh Medical School thesis and dissertation collection

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Edinburgh Medical School is one of two schools at the College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine at the University of Edinburgh. The Edinburgh Medical School integrates research and teaching across our three Deaneries: Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Sciences and Molecular,Genetic and Population Health Sciences.

Recent Submissions

Investigating the role of pax6 during neurodevelopment using human stem cell-derived brain organoids , exploring the relationship between plasmodium parasite density, immune response, and intestinal pathology during murine malaria , high-resolution copy-number mutational signatures for ovarian cancer patient stratification , neutrophil dysfunction in liver cirrhosis: stage-dependent patterns , neutrophil characteristics and function during the progression of liver cirrhosis , characterisation of lung macrophage dynamics and behaviours following respiratory syncytial virus infection , hidden in plain light: high-resolution time-resolved fluorescence modelling of lung cancer , elucidating the role of cohesin complex in genome remodelling of the human fungal pathogen candida albicans to acquire drug resistance , investigating the parallel pathways of seizure generalization in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy , exploring distributed neural network connections in a rat model of syngap1 haploinsufficiency , identifying translatable biomarkers for syngap1 haploinsufficiency with explainable machine learning , investigating the disease-causing mechanisms of a novel nrros-associated microgliopathy , role of cxcr4 as a mediator to the response to teriparatide , role of nsun2-mediated mrna 5-methylcytidine methylation in colorectal cancer initiation and progression , developing granzyme b activity as a novel biomarker of inflammatory bowel disease , context-dependent gene essentiality in glioblastoma , investigating the impact of eef1a2 missense mutations on protein synthesis in neurodevelopmental disorders , investigating pulmonary fibrosis using a single-cell transcriptomics approach , understanding the reproductive biology of giant pandas: predictive biomarkers for reproductive success , role of double-negative 2 b cells in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. .

Home > MUSC Theses and Dissertations

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Theses/dissertations from 2024 2024.

IGF-II Regulates Lysyl Oxidase Propeptide and Mediates its Effects in part via Basic Helix-Loop-Helix E40 , Adegboyega Timothy Adewale

Analysis of the Immune Response After Readministration of a Novel AAV6 Gene Therapy Containing TLR9 Inhibitory Sequences , Sarah Allen

Next Generation Human Cardiac Organoids: Modeling Inflammatory Diseases and Engineering Their Protection in vivo , Dimitrios Chrisovalantou Arhontoulis

A Comparative Analysis of Costs Associated with Assisted Reproductive Technology; Invitro Fertilization of Singleton, Twin, and Multiple Gestations Compared to Non-Invitro Fertilization Singleton Gestations , Ruth Arthur-Asmah

Oral Feeding of Infants Who Require Noninvasive Respiratory Support: Retrospective Investigations , Carolyn Barnes

Framework for Clinical and Non-Clinical Best Practices for Care for Transgender Individuals , Sundeep Singh Boparai

Complement Propagates Visual System Pathology After Traumatic Brain Injury , Davis Borucki

Characteristics and Patterns of Diagnoses for Patients Admitted from and Discharged to Court or Law Enforcement in the State of Florida , Christopher Bridgeman

Determining Microbial and Neuroimmunological Differences Associated with Adolescent Alcohol Use , Brittney Browning

Healthcare Key Performance Indicators; A DHA Study in Perception and Importance by Clinical and Non-Clinical Healthcare Professionals at a Large Healthcare System , Jennifer Burchill

Telehealth Utilization in Clinical Trials: Facilitators, Barriers, and Future Directions , Michael Carpenter

Estradiol Signaling Improves Extinction Memory Recall to Combat Cue-Induced Heroin Relapse in Rats , Jordan S. Carter

Characterizing Lower Extremity Neurophysiological Responses to Sensory Augmentation in Chronic Stroke , Jasmine Cash

Role of Centrosomal P4.1 Associated Protein (CPAP) in Tumor Suppression , Heena Dave

Potential for Telehealth Support to Improve Access to Care: A Needs Assessment Using Heat Maps of Ed Use and Avoidable Hospitalizations for the I/Dd Population in South Carolina , Daphanie Dean

Assessing the Types of Juvenile Detention Medical Issues: A Focus on Florida , De’Angelo Dean

Insulin as a Mediator of Obesity-Related Cognitive Decline , Stephanie Gloria DiLucia

Identification and Characterization of Novel, Small Molecule Inhibitors of Spermine Oxidase , Amelia Bryn Furbish

Discovery and Development of Epigenetic Inhibitors Targeting KDM4B to Alleviate Chronic Inflammatory Response in Periodontal Disease , Kathleen Garrabrant

Calpain Activation Regulates Rho-ROCK Pathway in Parkinson’s Disease , Amy Jacqueline Gathings

The Role of Midline Thalamic Nuclei in Mediating Alcohol Consumption and Cognitive Performance in Alcohol Dependent Mice , Chant'e Glass-Walley

Gut Check: Exploring the Role of Acinetobacter in Intestinal Inflammation , Janiece Glover

Prelimbic Neuronal Ensembles in Natural Reward Seeking , Roger Ian Grant

A Comparative Analysis of Births for Women Aged 20-25 Vs. 35-39: An Examination of Longitudinal Trends of Volume and Outcomes , Kristy Hampton

MALDI-MSI Identification of Tissue-Level N-Glycomic and Proteomic Molecular Biomarkers of Aggressive Prostate Cancer , Jordan Hartig

Page 1 of 38

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INFORMATION FOR

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Student Research Resources

Resources and forms to help you navigate the MD Thesis process.

Required Formatting and Components of the MD Thesis

Examples for reference section formatting, avoiding the risk of copyright violation when submitting the md thesis, instructions for uploading a pdf version of a medical thesis, thesis publishing agreement form, evaluations of advisor.

The formal thesis is presented as a digital document (PDF) during the graduation year. In general, one topic is appropriate for the thesis, but it is recognized that some students may have performed several projects in parallel under the supervision of their mentor. If the student elects to include more than one study in the thesis, it is recommended that an attempt be made to integrate the topics into one coherent presentation. In rare cases where this goal cannot be achieved, it may be acceptable to divide the results section into different portions (or “chapters”). However, to be consistent with Yale formatting requirements, a thesis may not contain more than one abstract, introduction, statement of purpose, methods, results, and discussion section. It is not acceptable to submit a published or submitted manuscript in lieu of the thesis requirement. It must adhere to the following formatting and content requirements. These aspects of research are critical in making the work sound, error-free, and impactful for communities of interest. Recognizing that students may have uncertainly regarding how these guidelines relate to their thesis, the OSR will be happy to answer any questions that may arise. Additionally, students may find it useful to consult the Equator reporting guidelines to enhance the quality and transparency of their theses. The Yale MD Thesis is a doctoral thesis that assesses research competencies as the basis for the conferring of a doctoral degree. Therefore, a minimum requirement of 30 pages (exclusive of title page, abstract, acknowledgements, table of contents, figure legends, references) is considered the minimum acceptable length.

• Font: 10-12-point font should be used.
• Line spacing: Body paragraphs and tables should consist of double-spaced text. Single spaced text may be used within block quotations, footnotes, and bibliography.
• Margins: 1.5-inch margins on the left with one-inch margins on the remaining three sides. These margins apply to text, full-page images and illustrations, and tables.
• Figures: Illustrative information, schematics, and representative data should be included as figures. Each panel in a figure should be labeled. Legends should describe each panel in detail in a 9-point font or greater and positioned below the figure to which they refer. Figure legends do not count towards the 30-page minimum.
• Page Numbers: Each page in the thesis should be numbered except the title page, abstract, acknowledgements, and table of contents. The numbering should start at page 1 of the first page of the Introduction and be placed either at the top or bottom center, or at the top or bottom right-hand corner, at least 1/2 inch from any edge.
• Minimal page requirement: Most Yale MD theses average 40-80 pages of text. A minimum of 30 pages of text excluding title page, abstract, acknowledgements, table of contents, figures, legends, and references is required. Tables may count towards the minimum page requirement.

Required Components

• Title page: Title should not exceed 100 characters including spaces between words. The title page is not included in the 30-page minimum.
• Abstract page: As described below. The abstract is not included in the 30-page minimum.
• Acknowledgements: Personal and faculty acknowledgements, grant support, departmental support, etc. The acknowledgements page is not included in the 30-page minimum.
• Table of Contents: With page numbers for each section. The table of contents is not included in the 30-page minimum.
• Introduction: A thorough, complete, detailed, critical review of the literature that contextualizes and cites the work of previous investigators. This section should describe the state of the existing knowledge, provide rationale for the study, identify knowledge gaps, and frame the contribution of the thesis to medicine. The introduction is included in the 30-page minimum.
• Statement of purpose: Specific hypothesis if appropriate, and specific aims of the thesis. The statement of purpose is included in the 30-page minimum.
• Student Contributions : Describe in detail exactly which procedures, methods and experiments were conducted by the student and which procedures, methods and experiments, generation of data, or production of reagents, were performed by other members of the study team. It is not sufficient to state that this information may be mentioned elsewhere. It must be summarized here. It is recognized that students may often be completing a portion of a larger work. A statement detailing precisely what was done by the student and what was done by others does not detract from the thesis but is necessary for academic honesty.
• Ethics Statement: Include information regarding the ethical conduct of research.
• Human Subjects Research: If relevant, include explicit information regarding HRPP approval and informed consent. If the study had a waiver of consent, this exception must be clearly stated. Information regarding inclusion of historically vulnerable populations as research participants should be included here.
• Laboratory Animals: For studies involving laboratory animals, include an explicit statement regarding study approval from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Include information regarding the species, strain, sex, and age of laboratory animals in this section as well.
• Methods Description: Provide information regarding the materials and methods used in the study. Each method should consist of its subheading and paragraph and be described in detail that is sufficient to allow its replication by an investigator who did not participate in the study.
• Statistical Methods: The last paragraph in this section should present the methods used to derive results. As needed, describe any data preprocessing such as transformation and normalization. Describe how outliers were defined and handled and present descriptive statistics as appropriate. The number of sampled units (i.e., “n”) and significance (i.e., “P”) should be reported for each statistical comparison. Continuous variables that are normally distributed may be presented as mean + standard deviation. Continuous variables that are asymmetrically distributed should be presented as median + interquartile range. All statistical tests should be clearly described and include information regarding testing level (alpha) and one- or two-sided comparisons. Corrections for multiple testing should be addressed and reported. Any novel or complex data algorithms should be clearly described and appropriately referenced.
• Transparent reporting of results: All primary data related to the thesis topic should be presented. Important data should be enumerated in figures or tables. For ease of review, it is preferred that figures and tables be included in proximity to their callout in the text. Alternately, tables and figures can be presented separately after the discussion but, if possible, it is advantageous to the reader to include these components in the body of the results section, as occurs in research publications. The results section is included in the 30-page minimum.
• Discussion: This section presents thorough and detailed interpretation and analysis of data, conclusions drawn, and framing of observations with the larger scientific literature. Limitations should be addressed, as should alternate interpretations and how the thesis may inform future studies in the field. Whenever relevant, a discussion of how the thesis may or already has meaningfully impact(ed) communities of interest should be included here. The discussion section is included in the 30-page minimum.
• Challenges & Limitations : A brief discussion of methodologic, operational, and other challenges relevant to the research presented in the thesis. Please also include a brief discussion of how these challenges were addressed. Recognizing that all research projects have important limitations that readers should consider in interpreting the results, please include a brief discussion of the limitations relevant for your research. This section is included in the 30-page minimum.
• Dissemination: Please include efforts made to share findings with the scientific community (through oral presentation, peer-reviewed publications, and other venues) and the larger community including patients. This section is included in the 30-page minimum.
• Figure References and Legends: Figures must be cited sequentially in the text using Arabic numerals (for example, “Fig. 7”). Provide a short title (in the legend, not on the figure itself), explanation in sufficient detail to make the figure intelligible without reference to the text, and a key to any symbols used. Figures and legends are not included in the 30-page minimum.
• Tables: All tables should be double-spaced, self-contained, and self-explanatory. Provide brief titles and use superscript capital letters starting from A and continuing in alphabetical order for footnotes. Tables and their legends are included in the 30-page minimum.
• References: We strongly recommend the use of bibliography software such as Endnote for reference management. References should be formatted according to New England Journal of Medicine Style. References are not included in the 30-page minimum.

It is acknowledged that theses in the area of medical humanities, ethics, history, and related fields may not obviously adhere to the above requirements. In this case, the thesis will likely replace the “hypothesis” with a “claim” based on evidence gleaned through literary, historical, and ethical research. The first paragraph of the Methods should still contain information about the student’s contribution. The subsequent paragraphs should describe the artistic, literary, or historical databases and methods used to gather the “evidence” presented in support of and contrary to the central claim. The discussion and remaining sections are the same and the 30-page minimum applies. Students with questions regarding the best framing of their thesis should contact OSR.

Abstracts of MD Thesis

Standardized format for the abstract of each MD thesis is required. This format must be followed for all abstracts published in the Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library. These abstracts will not be reviewed for content. It is the responsibility of the student investigator and the faculty advisor to prepare the abstract. Faculty sponsors provide approval of the abstract when they approve the final version of the thesis. These abstract instructions are to be used for the digital library submission.

• Abstracts should be formatted with 1.5-inch margins on the left and 1-inch margins on the remaining three sides.
• Abstracts may be no more than 800 words in length, not including title and author information. The entire abstract, including title page, must be double-spaced and should be no more than three pages in length.
• Titles should be brief, clear, and carefully chosen. The title should not exceed 100 characters including spaces between words. Capitalize the entire title, using no abbreviations.
• Authors’ names are to be written in full, omitting degrees. The student author's name shall be first. If the faculty sponsor also qualifies as an author, their name should be last. If the faculty member has been only a sponsor, their name should appear in parentheses after the name(s) of other authors as follows: "(Sponsored by...)". Other collaborators should be listed after the student's name and before the faculty sponsor's name. Immediately following the faculty sponsor's name, designate section (if any), departmental affiliation, institution, city, and state (Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT) (see examples in the Thesis Guide ).
• For thesis work performed at another institution, designate the senior author's departmental and institutional affiliation. In parenthesis, indicate the Yale faculty sponsor and institutional affiliation with the phrase: "Sponsored by..." (see examples).
• A statement of the hypothesis or goals and specific aims of the study.
• A statement of the methods used.
• A summary of the results presented in sufficient detail to support the conclusions. Include actual values with statistics, if appropriate.
• A statement of the conclusions reached.
• Do not use subtitles, e.g., methods, results.
• Do not include graphs, references to other publications, or acknowledgement of any research grant support. A single short table of results can be used if appropriate.
• Abbreviations may be used in text only if defined initially by placing them in parentheses after the full word (or phrase) first appears in the text. Abbreviations may not be introduced in the title.
• Non-proprietary (generic) names are required the first time a drug is mentioned, written in small letters. Proprietary names are always capitalized, e.g., acetazolamide (Diamox).
• Completed abstracts must be approved by faculty advisor.

Thesis Assessment

The thesis assessment will assess student performance on the following domains using a 1-5 Likert Scale.

• Significance
• Rigor of Prior Research
• Methodologic Rigor
• Responsible Conduct of Research
• Organization and Clarity of Text
• Presentation of Data
• Interpretation of Data
• Student Effort
• Dissemination to Communities of Interest

Likert Scale:

• Not Acceptable

The vast majority of YSM students receive scores of 2-3 across these domains. Scores of 1 are considered truly outstanding. Scores of 5 are highly unusual and indicate the presence of critical deficiencies. Students receiving a score of “5” in any domain will be referred to OSR and the Progress Committee for remediation in order that they may stay on track to graduate.

Journal Articles

1. Yalow, R.S., and Berson, S.A. 1960. Immunoassay of endogenous plasma insulin in man. J. Clin. Invest. 39:1157-1175.

2. Gardner, W., and Schultz, H.D. 1990. Prostaglandins regulate the synthesis and secretion of the atrial natriuretic peptide. J. Clin. Invest. In press.

Complete Books

3. Myant, N.B. 1981. The Biology of Cholesterol and Related Steroids. London: Heinemann Medical Books. 882 pp.

Articles in Books

4. Innerarity, T.L., Hui, D.Y., and Mahley, R.W. 1982. Hepatic apoprotein E (remnant) receptor. In Lipoproteins and Coronary Atherosclerosis. G. Noseda, S. Fragiacomo, R. Fumagalli, and R. Paoletti, editors. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North Holland. 173-181.

5. Standardized format for the abstract of each MD thesis is required. This format must be followed for all abstracts published in the Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library. These abstracts will not be reviewed for content. It is the responsibility of the student investigator and the faculty advisor to prepare the abstract. Faculty sponsors provide approval of the abstract when they approve the final version of the thesis. These abstract instructions are to be used for the digital library submission.

The MD Thesis represents an academic milestone. Thesis copyright exists from the time the work was created in digital form. Every article, book, or web page used in conducting research and writing the thesis is also protected by copyright. All downloaded research articles and passage citations are also scholarship that is protected by the legal concept of fair use. A basic understanding of copyright protections and fair use is found at www.copyright.gov . Yale University also provides a guide to copyright protection and fair use: http://ogc.yale.edu/legal_reference/copyright.html .

Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Law describes how to determine if a particular use of copyrighted material is fair. However, the distinction between what is fair use and what is infringement is not always clear or easily defined. Copying an image from an academic e-journal and citing the source does not substitute for obtaining permission to reproduce the image. Many publishers use www.copyright.com to grant reproduction rights of their articles to authors.

ProQuest/UMI and the Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library may elect not to distribute any thesis that lacks evidence that permission or reproduction rights have been secured. Providing evidence of permission or reproduction rights is a student author responsibility. Examples encountered in MD Thesis research that require documentation of reproduction rights include but are not limited to:

• Sections of published survey instruments or questionnaires.
• Complete journal articles or other complete scholarly works [Note: Many publishers such as Elsevier allow graduate student authors of a journal article published prior to graduation to reproduce their article in a thesis].
• Image, graphic, or pictorial works from publications where the author has transferred copyright to the publisher, a common occurrence.

The safest course is to avoid using published images without obtaining permission. It is almost always possible to cite a source and expect that readers can find the figure, chart, or image in the published version of the referenced work. Research faculty who transfer copyright to a publisher of their article are no longer the copyright holder and are unable to grant permission for reproduction. To circumvent this issue, the student or mentor may be able to obtain unpublished images from their group’s image collection.

When it is impracticable or prohibitively expensive to obtain permission through the publisher or the Copyright Clearance Center (www.copyright.com), students should avoid using that material, unless they have obtained a written legal opinion that fair use would apply to the situation. Neither the Office of Student Research nor the Yale Library can supply legal advice on copyright and fair use. If there is any doubt, it is advisable to consult the Yale University Office of the Vice President and General Counsel at (203) 432-4949.

Students may have concerns about publishing their work in the public domain for reasons such as copyright, content, or intellectual property. These students have several courses of action. One is to select an alternate topic. The other is to place the thesis under permanent embargo at the time of upload into the Yale Medicine Digital Thesis Library. In either case, students be aware of these issues as they plan their thesis and reach out to OSR for additional information.

OSR will offer a thesis copyright session for all students, including those in the Class of 2025, in fall of this year.

Upon receiving notification that the MD thesis has been approved as fulfilling partial requirement for Yale’s MD degree, students should upload the thesis to the Yale Medicine Digital Thesis Library. Students will receive instructions at the time their thesis is formally approved. For reference, a high-level overview is outlined below.

Yale Medicine Digital Thesis Library:

Starting with the YSM class of 2002, the Cushing/Whitney Medical Library and OSR have collaborated on the Yale Medicine Digital Thesis Library (YMTDL) project, publishing the digitized full text of medical student theses as a durable product of Yale student research accomplishments. Digital publication of theses ensures dissemination of the work to communities of interest, provides students with a formal citation for their thesis, and demonstrates the exceptional quality of student research and student-faculty cooperation at Yale. In 2006, the digital copy became a graduation requirement. Starting in 2012, alumni of the Yale School of Medicine were invited to participate in the YMTDL project by granting scanning and hosting permission to the Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, which digitized the Library’s print copy of their thesis or dissertation.

Yale School of Medicine requires that the MD thesis be submitted to the YMTDL. This submission is accompanied by a completed “ Yale School of Medicine Digital Thesis Depositor’s Declaration Form. ”

Submitting a thesis via the ProQuest website:

Detailed instructions

The electronic thesis submission process in ProQuest provides step by step submission instructions. Questions may also be directed to Courtney Hadley in the Medical Library ([email protected]).

A few things to note: the ETD Administrator software is a 3rd party product that YSM licenses from ProQuest. Because this vendor is unaffiliated with Yale, the OSR and Yale University Libraries do not have control over its policies or processes. The ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global database is a subscription resource that collects dissertations and theses from multiple countries and a range of academic specialties. This collection is then made available to subscribers. When students choose to make their thesis publicly available, the full text will appear in this database and users will be able to read, save, and download the text.

EliScholar is a digital platform for scholarly publishing provided by the Yale University Library (YUL). While it is supported by third party software, EliScholar is maintained by YUL and offers more flexibility in uploading and managing theses. The option selected for thesis release in the ETD Administrator system will apply to both ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global and EliScholar. All theses are available to the Yale community (individuals with a NetID and password and users physically present at a library facility on campus) upon publication. A limited release of approved theses to the awarding institution’s user community is common practice.

More detailed instructions will be provided at the time of thesis approval in March 2025.

YSM requires a Thesis Publishing Agreement Form, previously known as a Thesis Deposit Declaration Form, to be submitted in conjunction with your final thesis to ProQuest. For reference, you can find a copy of the form at this link.

We urge your participation in evaluating your experience with your thesis advisor at this Qualtrics link . The results will be kept anonymous, and any feedback to the individual faculty member will be made over a three- to four-year interval and will be a summarized statement, not involving reproduction or direct quotes from this form.

We will file these evaluations for future use by first and second year students who are looking for a project and research advisor. These evaluations have been immensely valuable to students initiating thesis projects. Thank you for your cooperation in this effort.

Contact us if you have questions or need accessibility assistance with the documents on this page.

• [email protected]

UKnowledge > College of Medicine > Medical Sciences > Theses & Dissertations

Theses and Dissertations--Medical Sciences

Theses/dissertations from 2024 2024.

Modulating the mTOR Pathway Using Inducible Retrogradely Transported AAVs as a Novel Approach to Improve Motor Recovery in Spinal Cord Injury , Christopher Bosse-Joseph

Theses/Dissertations from 2023 2023

Examining a Blood Biomarker Approach to Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption , Samantha Ford

Theses/Dissertations from 2022 2022

Establishment and Verification of a SARS CoV2 Antibody Detection Assay Comparing Venous and Mitra Samples , Stephen C. Mayer

Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Cell Signaling Pathway in Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Induced Kinase 1 Knockout Rat Model of Familial Parkinson's Disease , Martha Helena Mortell

Classification and Effect of Correctors on Sitosterolemia-Associated Mutants in ABCG8 , Brittney Poole

Membrane Palmitoylated Protein Magu-3 Regulates the C. elegans Locomotor Circuit via Modulation of Cholinergic Activity , Henry Richburg

TREM2: Gene Expression and Role in Alzheimer’s Disease , Henry Snider

APOE Genotype and Sex Modulate Ketogenic Diet Enhancements to Metabolism and Gut Microbiome in Young Mice , Andrew T. Yackzan

Investigating The Effects of In-vivo Therapeutics Hypoxia Treatment Paradigms In Neurite Outgrowth Patterns , Jae Hyun Yoo

Theses/Dissertations from 2021 2021

ACL Injury, a Time Course Study of Transcriptional Changes , Thomas Carter

S. gordonii -PRODUCED HYDROGEN PEROXIDE MODULATES miR-663A AND CCL20 EXPRESSION IN ORAL EPITHELIAL CELLS , Marshall Houston Maynard

THE ROLE OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR IN LEUKEMIA TRAFFICKING , Shaw Powell

Theses/Dissertations from 2020 2020

ETHANOL INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY THROUGH DYSREGULATION OF AMPK IN A FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME MODEL , Jessica Gebhardt

Involvement of the Sigma-1 Receptor in Methamphetamine-Mediated Changes to Astrocyte Structure and Function , Richik Neogi

MEASURING THE EFFECTS OF LOBINALINE-N-BIOXIDE (419) ON ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION, NICOTINE LOCOMOTOR SENSITIZATION, AND CONDITIONED PLACE PREFERENCE IN MICE AND RATS , Cocanut M. Suhail

Theses/Dissertations from 2019 2019

The Stimulation of Dendritic Cells by Cationic Lipids , John Peyton Bush

RAPID NO• MEASURES IN RAT NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS AND FRONTAL CORTEX FOLLOWING NASAL ADMINISTRATION OF NITROGLYCERIN , Victoria A. Scott

Theses/Dissertations from 2018 2018

MYOSIN-XVA IS KEY MOLECULE IN ESTABLISHING THE ARCHITECTURE OF MECHANOSENSORY STEREOCILIA BUNDLES OF THE INNER EAR HAIR CELLS , Shadan Hadi

Theses/Dissertations from 2017 2017

THE EFFECTS OF EXERCISE PRECONDITIONING ON FOCAL ISCHEMIC STROKE , Gillian Grohs

Theses/Dissertations from 2016 2016

CEREBROVASCULAR RISK FACTORS, ARTERIOLAR SCLEROSIS, AND COGNITIVE DECLINE IN THE KENTUCKY APPALACHIAN “STROKE-BELT” , Omar M. Al-Janabi

VARIANCE OF THE AMYLOID BETA PEPTIDE AS A METRIC FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE , Christina Beckett

EVALUATING THE USE OF SECOND LIFE TM FOR VIRTUAL TEAM-BASED LEARNING IN AN ONLINE UNDERGRADUATE ANATOMY COURSE , Christena Gazave

Theses/Dissertations from 2014 2014

Listeria Monocytogenes can Utilize both M Cell Transcytosis and InlA-Mediated Uptake to Cross the Epithelial Barrier of the Intestine during an Oral Infection Model of Listeriosis , Hilary Denney

MODULATION OF VACCINE-INDUCED RESPONSES BY ANTHELMINTIC TREATMENT IN PONIES , Emily Rubinson

Immobilizing Mutation in an Unconventional Myosin15a Affects not only the Structure of Mechanosensory Stereocilia in the Inner Ear Hair Cells but also their Ionic Conductances , Diana Syam

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• v.32(2); Mar-Apr 2016

How to write a Doctoral Thesis

Prof. HR Ahmad, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. E-mail: [email protected]

Note: * Ahmad HR. In: Medical Writing. Eds. SA Jawaid, MH Jafary & SJ Zuberi. PMJA, 1997 Ed II: 133-142.

PATIENT care and teaching are rather well established components of our medical career. However, with the passage of time a third component has started to influence our medical culture, namely research. 1 - 4 How to accept this challenge is a question. 5 Indeed, teaching and research form a dialectic unit, meaning that teaching without a research component is like a soup without salt. It is a well-established fact that the research activity of an institution is directly proportional to the number of qualified and committed PhD candidates. An inspiring infrastructure, laboratory facilities and libraries are pre-requisites for a research culture to grow. 6 - 8 This forms the basis of a generation cycle for an institution, so that research activity and its culture continues to grow from one generation to the next. The main objective of doctoral work in biomedical sciences is to develop a galaxy of scientist physicians and surgeons possessing high degree of humility, selflessness and ethical superiority. Such a programme will add a scholastic dimension to the clinical faculty.

Education in how to write a doctoral thesis or dissertation should be a part of the postgraduate curriculum, parallel to the laboratory work and Journal Club activities during the PhD studies and/or residency levels. 9 , 10 The overall structure of a doctoral thesis is internationally standardized. However, it varies in style and quality, depending upon how original the work is, and how much the author has understood the work. Therefore a thorough discussion with supervisor, colleagues and assistance from other authors through correspondence can be useful sources for consultation.

The choice of a topic for a doctoral thesis is a crucial step. It should be determined by scanning the literature whether the topic is original or similar work has already been done even a hundred years ago. It is the responsibility of both the supervisor and the PhD candidate to sort out this problem by continuous use of internet and a library. 11 The work leading to the PhD degree can originate from research in following spheres: 12

• b) Methodology
• c) Diagnostic
• d) Therapeutic and Management
• e) Epidemiology

The availability of internationally standardized methods, as well as research committed supervisors can enable physicians and surgeons to do PhD work in both basic and clinical health sciences. The importance of research in basic health sciences cannot be overemphasized. It is rather the base of the applied sciences. There are many instances where the elucidation of a mechanism involved in a process awaits the development of an adequate methodology. 13 In such a scenario; a new method is like a new eye. Research activity in the field of (a) and (b) illuminates the research directions for (c) (d) and (e). It is worth noting that sometimes important basic questions can come from (e) and stimulate research activity in the domain of basic health sciences. 14 , 15

Types of Doctoral Thesis

TYPE-I: Book Form: a classical style. The blueprint of this form is shown in Table-I .

Type-I: The Classical Book Form

TYPE-II: Cumulative Doctoral thesis: A modem but quite useful practice.

INTRODUCTION

A book containing the pearls of a PhD work has standardized divisions and formats, where the number of pages should be weighted in terms of content rather than container. The book includes summary, introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, conclusions, references and acknowledgements.

Two exercises are mandatory before starting a PhD programme:

• Literature survey using a regular library hours and internet surfing
• Familiarization with the hands-on-experience of methodology involved in the work
• The importance of a continuous literature survey using library, internet and direct correspondence with authors across the globe in the same field cannot be over-emphasized. The main goal of this exercise is to pinpoint the unresolved problem in the literature. An attempt to solve this problem now becomes the topic of the PhD thesis. All the relevant references should be collected, and carefully preserved in the form of a card system arranged alphabetically according to themes and authors. The introduction of the thesis should be styled like a review article with a critical analysis of the work of authors in the literature. The aims of the present PhD work can then also be addressed in the form of questions. The objectives would then deal with how to achieve the aims of the proposed study.

MATERIALS / SUBJECTS AND METHODS

Now comes the most crucial and functional part of the doctoral work, the materials/subjects and methods section. This part can be considered as the motor of the PhD work. The reliability, sensitivity and specificity of the motor must be checked before embarking on a long journey. Controlling the controls is the best guide for a precise and authentic work. Usually materials and methods contain components such as a description of the species involved, their number, age, weight and anthropometric parameters, types of surgical procedures and anesthesia if applied, and a detailed description of methodology. Continuous or point measurements should be thoroughly described. However, a dynamic method should always be preferred to static one.

The experimental protocol should be designed after a small pilot study, which is especially advisable in research on human subjects. A detailed and well-thought experimental protocol forms the basis of conditions under which the results would be obtained. Any deviation from the experimental protocol will affect the outcome, and the interpretation of results. It may be noted that great discoveries are usually accidental and without a protocol, based merely on careful observation! However, for the sake of a publication, a protocol has to be designed after the discovery. After having described the different phases of the experimental protocol with the help of a schematic diagram e.g., showing variables, time period and interventions, the selection of a statistical method should be discussed. Negative results should not be disregarded because they represent the boundary conditions of positive results. Sometimes the negative results are the real results.

It is usual practice that most PhD candidates start writing the methodological components first. This is followed by writing the results. The pre-requisites for writing results are that all figures, tables, schematic diagrams of methods and a working model should be ready. They should be designed in such a way that the information content of each figure should, when projected as a frame be visually clear to audience viewing it from a distance of about fifty feet. It is often observed that the presenters themselves have difficulty in deciphering a frame of the Power-Point being projected in a conference.

The results of a doctoral thesis should be treated like a bride. The flow of writing results becomes easier if all figures and tables are well prepared. This promotes the train of thoughts required to analyze the data in a quantitative fashion. The golden rule of writing results of a thesis is to describe what the figure shows. No explanation is required. One should avoid writing anything which is not there in a figure. Before writing one should observe each diagram for some time and make a list of observations in the form of key words. The more one has understood the information content of a figure; the better will be the fluency of writing. The interruption of the flow in writing most often indicates that an author has not understood the results. Discussion with colleagues or reference to the literature is the only remedy, and it functions sometimes like a caesarean procedure.

Statistical methods are good devices to test the degree of authenticity and precision of results if appropriately applied. The application of statistical technique in human studies poses difficulties because of large standard deviations. Outliers must be discussed, if they are excluded for the sake of statistical significance. Large standard deviations can be minimized by increasing the number of observations. If a regression analysis is not weighted, it gives faulty information. The correlation coefficient value can change from 0.7 to 0.4 if the regression analysis is weighted using Fisher’s test. The dissection of effect from artifact should be analysed in such a way that the signal to noise ratio of a parameter should be considered. A competent statistician should always be consulted in order to avoid the danger of distortion of results.

The legend of a figure should be well written. It contains a title, a brief description of variables and interventions, the main effect and a concluding remark conveying the original message. The writing of PhD work is further eased by a well maintained collection of data in the form of log book, original recordings, analyzed references with summaries and compiling the virgin data of the study on master plan sheet to understand the original signals before submitting to the procedures of statistics. The original data belong to the laboratory of an institution where it came into being and should be preserved for 5-7 years in the archive for the sake of brevity.

This is the liveliest part of a thesis. Its main goal is to defend the work by staging a constructive debate with the literature. The golden rule of this written debate should be that a rigid explanation looks backward and a design looks forward. The object is to derive a model out of a jig-saw puzzle of information. It should be designed in such a way that the results of the present study and those of authors from the literature can be better discussed and interpreted. Agreement and disagreement can be better resolved if one considers under what experimental conditions the results were obtained by the various authors. It means that the boundary conditions for each result should be carefully analyzed and compared.

The discussion can be divided into the following parts:

• criticism of material/subjects and methods
• a list of important observations of the present study
• interpretation and comparison of results of other authors using a literature table
• design of a model
• claim of an original research work
• The criticism of the methodological procedure enables a candidate to demonstrate how precisely the research work has been carried out. The interpretation of results depends critically on the strict experimental protocol and methods. For example, an epidemiological work is a study of a population. However, if the population sampling is done regularly at a specific location; the question arises as to how a result derived from a localized place can be applied to the whole population.
• After having discussed at length the strong and weak points of material/subjects and methods, one should list in a telegraphic design the most important observations of the present study. This may form a good agenda to initiate interpretation, argument, reasoning and comparison with results of other authors. The outcome of this constructive debate should permit the design of a working model in the form of a block diagram. All statements should be very carefully referenced. The ratio of agreement and disagreement should indicate the ability of the author to reconcile conflicting data in an objective and quantitative way. Attempts should be made to design a solution out of the given quantum of information. It is also well known that most of the processes of human physiology can only be understood if their time course is known. The dynamic aspect of interpretation of results is therefore more powerful and superior to the static one. 16 Therefore a continuous record of variables should be preferred and sought to reveal the secrets hidden in the kinetics.
• Finally, the discussion should conclude how far the study was successful in answering the questions being posed at the end of the introduction part. Usually a doctoral thesis raises more questions than it answers. In this way research does not come to a standstill and does become a life time engagement for a committed scientist. Also it is important to note that all scientific theses should be quantifiable and falsifiable, otherwise they lose the spirit and fragrance of a scientific research.
• The author’s claim of original work is finally decided by the critical review of his research work by the literature and the number of times being cited. It can be easily read by a high rate of a citation index of a publication and invitation. When a methodological research clicks, one becomes a star overnight.

Type-II: CUMULATIVE DOCTORAL THESES

Another way of writing a doctoral work is a cumulative type of thesis. 11 It consists of a few original publications in refereed journals of repute. It is supplemented by a concise summary about the research work. This type of thesis is usually practiced in Sweden, Germany and other countries. It has the advantage of being doubly refereed by the journals and the faculty of health sciences. Additionally, papers are published during a doctoral work. A declaration has to be given to the faculty of science about the sharing of research work in publications, provided there are co-authors. The weightage should be in favour of the PhD candidate, so that the thesis can ethically be better defended before the team of august research faculty.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

A critical review of this manuscript by Dr. Roger Sutton, Dr. Khalid Khan, Dr. Bukhtiar Shah and Dr. Satwat Hashmi is gratefully acknowledged.

Dedicated to the memory of Mr. Azim Kidwai for his exemplary academic commitment and devotion to the science journalism in Pakistan.

Dissertation Research During PhD in Biomedical Science Programs

New section.

The goal of doctoral research is to contribute new and original findings to the field. PhD candidates should expect continuous feedback from your peers, mentor, and advisors throughout their dissertation research.

Your thesis/dissertation project

The goal of your doctoral research will be to contribute new and original findings to the field. As you will think about your thesis/dissertation project, you would identify the scientific questions and then identify the experimental approaches, including possible alternatives, you will use to answer the questions. This process will be guided by your theses advisor. You will do a comprehensive review of the literature and write a draft research proposal to discuss with your mentor and advisors.

Managing your time and staying on track during your dissertation research will help to manage your time-to-degree. Creating a reasonable timeline, in consultation with your mentor and advisors, regular analysis of the timeline and your progress, and consistently working to stay on the timeline will be invaluable in helping you to stay on track. You should expect continuous feedback from your peers, mentor, and advisors throughout your dissertation research.

Writing and defending the thesis/dissertation

Earning a PhD is marked by your intellectual development as an independent scientist, including the ability to employ critical thinking skills to address important unanswered questions in biology, human health, or disease. Monitoring your intellectual development is the responsibility of your thesis committee, which usually consists of your thesis advisor and other faculty members. Your thesis committee appraises your development employing a variety of measures, including progress on your dissertation project. When your committee determines that your intellectual development and your research has reached an appropriate level you will be given permission to write and defend your dissertation. Of course you should not wait until your Committee tells you to begin writing; you should begin writing drafts of some sections as early as possible. Some programs may allow you to use your publications as the backbone of your dissertation.

After many drafts, your Committee will approve the written document for the oral defense of your dissertation. The precise format for this will vary from program to program, but most will include a public seminar. Look for opportunities to give presentations of your research throughout your graduate studies. If your program requires an oral examination/defense of your proposal before advancement to candidacy, you will have had a taste of the dissertation defense and you should use that experience as you prepare for the defense. In preparation for both the writing and oral defense, you should talk with senior students about their experiences, check if your institution offers writing and presentation/communication workshops, and browse the web for resources such as these listed below:

• Right Your Writing
• An Orals Survival Kit  

Home > MAHE Student Work > KMCMLR

Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore Theses and Dissertations

Theses/dissertations from 2021 2021.

“The Impact of Self-Stigma of Seeking Help and Perceived Social Support on Burnout among Clinical Psychologists” , Aavrita A

The impact of self-stigma of seeking help &percieved social support on burnout among clinical psychologists. , Aavrita .

Immediate Effects of Novel Hand Rehabilitation Board on Fine Motor Skills in Children with Cerebral Palsy. , Romita Fernandes. Abraham

"COMPARISON OF THREE SCORING CRITERIA TO ASSESS RECOVERY FROM GENERAL ANAESTHESIA IN THE POST-ANAESTHESIA CARE UNIT- A LONGITUDINAL OBSERVATIONAL STUDY " , Shagun Aggarwal

Comparative predictive validity of Alberta Infant Motor Scale and Infant Neurological International Battery in Low Birth Weight Infants- A Prospective Longitudinal Study. , Polisetti Siva Sai Anand

Antagonistic Asynchrony in Muscle Recruitment Pattern of Forward Reach Movement In Children With Cerebral Palsy. , Sanya Anklesaria

Muscle fatigue response of rotator cuff muscles in sitting and standing postures , Lisanne Aranha

Effectiveness of static weight bearing versus modified constraint induced movement therapy on improving hand function in hemiplegic cerebral palsy- A Randomized Clinical Trial. , Ruth Bavighar

How informed are our patients about generic medicines? – A study from coastal South India , Darshan BB

Morphological variants of the human spleen, a cadaveric study , Murlimanju BV

Association between cervical breast cancer and Diabtetes mellitus among women seeking health care in tertiary hospitals od south India: A cross sectional study , Pratik Kumar Chatterjee

Carcinoma Breast in among Women with Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Control Study , Pratik Kumar Chatterjee

Perception of Empathy among medical students: A cross sectional study , Pratik Kumar Chatterjee

CLINICOMYCOLOGICAL PROFILE OF DERMATOPHYTOSIS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN SOUTH INDIA , Adyashree Dalai

Study of outcome of Ponseti technique of management for idiopathic clubfoot in a tertiary center in south India , Lulu Damsas

Comparative study of emotional labour &burnout on life satisfaction among school teachers across different educational settings , Meghana Dharampalan

“Comparative Study of Emotional Labor and Burnout on Life Satisfaction Among School Teachers Across Different Educational Settings” , Meghana V. Dharmapalan

“Relationship Between Sexual Fantasy, Sexual Communication, Personality Traits and Sexual Satisfaction in Married Individuals” , Rhea Dhir

Comparing the efficacy of USG guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block with or without intercostobrachial nerve block for forearm surgeries – an observational study , DIKSHA D’MELLO

Does Quality of Sitting influence Functional Mobility in Cerebral Palsy? A cross-sectional study , Kaiorisa N. Doctor

Factors effecting gait velocity in osteoarthritis knee-An observational study. , Lisha Gretal D’silva

Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Pulmonary Function, Functional Capacity, Quality Of Life And Length Of Stay in individuals undergoing Cardiac Surgery , Fiona Verdine Dsouza

Relationship of Academic Resilience with Self-Efficacy, and Perceived Social Support; Among Civil Service Aspirants , Neha Eldho

EFFICACY, FEASIBILITY, AND SAFETY OF PERCUTANEOUS IMAGE-GUIDED CATHETER DRAINAGE OF THORACIC, ABDOMINAL, AND PELVIC FLUID COLLECTION , Aishwarya Gadwal

Comparison of efficacy of two different bolus doses of norepinephrine as prophylac-tic to prevent post-spinal hypotension during elective caesarean section , PRANATHI GARAPATI

Trends in Frailty and its Associated factors in Community Dwelling Elderly Indian Population during COVID-19 Pandemic- A Prospective Analytical Study , Karan Gautam

Speech Sound acquisition in some south Indian Dravidian languages: A systematic review , Jesica George

Comparison of Femoral nerve block with Dexmedetomidine and Adductor canal block with Dexmedetomidine for postoperative analgesia for Total Knee Arthroplasty . , NEHA GEORGE

Assessment Of Cardiovascular Risk Factors In Patients With Osteoarthritis Knee , Sagar Goel

Effectiveness of Intermittent Cervical Traction with and without Neural Mobilization in Discogenic Cervical Radiculopathy , Aditi Goyal

Study of maternal and cord blood vitamin B12 levels with anthropometry in term neonates born to normal and malnourished mothers: a hospital based cross sectional study , Sugapradha a. GR

Development of a Questionnaire to Determine the Intervention and Service Delivery Practices of Speech-Language Pathologists for Children with Speech Sound Disorders in India , Shaily Gupta

Relationship between Physical Activity, Objective Sleep Parameters and Circadian Rhythm in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer receiving Chemoradiotherapy- A Longitudinal Study , Rachita Gururaj

“Emotional Contagion, Perceived Stress and Coping Strategies Among Nurses” , Saumya Hariharan

Assessment of knowledge and belief about stuttering among undergraduate medical students , Anushree Harihar

Association of serum lipid levels and other systemic risk factors with retinal hard exudates in diabetic retinopathy patients. , Harshita Mukesh Hiran

Assessment of risk of Diabetes Mellitus by using Indian Diabetes Risk Score among Housekeeping staff , Ramesh Holla

“Emotional Intelligence, Self-compassion, and Life-Satisfaction In Clinical Psychologists” , Vania Jacob

UPPER-CROSSED SYNDROME AND DISABILITY IN SHOULDER ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS. , Aishwarya Jaideep

Study to assess the role of doppler ultrasound in evaluation of arteriovenous hemodialysis fistula and the complications of hemodialysis access , Ishank Jain

Relationship between burnout compassion fatigue, work environment & mindfulness in medical residents , Pranay Javeri

“Relationship Between Burnout, Compassion Fatigue, Work Environment and Mindfulness in Medical Residents” , Pranay Harichandra Javeri

“Dating Anxiety in Emerging Adults” , Jisha V. Jayaprakash

“Relationship Between Tolerance for Disagreement and Mindfulness in Married Males and Married Females” , Jahnavi Jha

Antibiotic usage and susceptibility patterns in Uncomplicated UTI in a Tertiary Hospital in South India , Christy John

Association of bed rise difficulty scale with trunk impairment and functional scales among stroke patients , Leena G. John

Is there a correlation between Pediatric Berg Balance Scale and Centre of Pressure Excursion measured through Dual Axis Static Force Plate™ to assess Balance in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy and Typically Developing? , Niharika Joshi

Comparison of Sensory Processing Responses in Cerebral Palsy Subtypes and Typically Developing Children (7-36 months): A Cross Sectional Study. , Archana Antony K

‘A study on the Role of Learned Helplessness, Selfefficacy and Perceived Social Support in Determining Resilience in Parents of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders’ , Benaisha Khurshed Katrak

A study of correlation of maternal serum zinc levels with breast milk and cord blood of late preterm neonates , Rashmi Katti

Correlation of histopathology and direct immunofluorescence findings in clinically diagnosed prurigo nodularis , Haritha K

Difference in proximal femur loading due to muscle activity during partial weight bearing and NWB standing- A cross-sectional study. , Smital Kshirsagar

Effect of Sesamol on neurobiochemical changes in diet induced (DIO) obesity model of Zebra fish (Danio rerio) , Rashmii K.S.

Importance of integration of medical ethics with undergraduate medical curriculum- Instructors and student’s perspectives. , Rashmii K.S.

Long-term potentiation (LTP): A simple yet powerful cellular process in learning and memory , Rashmii K.S.

Parkinson's Disease Overview: Alternative Potential Curcumin Treatment, Current Treatment and Prevalence Among Ethnic Groups , Rashmii K.S.

Smart brain of India vs. tricky drugs , Rashmii K.S.

The Role of Professionalism and Ethics Training: Instructor’s and Student’s perspectives in a medical College , Rashmii K.S.

Violence Against Doctors: A Qualitative Study On This Rising Predicament , Rashmii K.S.

Morphometric study of the gracilis muscle and its pedicles , Chettiar Ganesh Kumar

Comparative study of bed side tests to assess difficult airway in paediatric patients , S.Abinandha Kumar

Euphorbia thymifolia (Linn.)- A review on ethno pharmacological properties , Vasavi Kumblekar

COMPARISON OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE TOWARDS THE USE OF SUNSCREEN IN DAILY LIFE BETWEEN FIRST -AND THIRD -YEAR MEDICAL STUDENTS , Aarushi Lall

‘Feminist Identity, Socio-cultural Attitude Towards Appearance, and Body Images issues in Emerging Adult Women’ , Sheena Lonappan

A novel approach to quantify the Dynamic Windlass Mechanism , Ishita Mahajan

METFORMIN VERSUS INSULIN IN THE MANAGEMENT OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES , Varikuti Manogna

Cognitive abilities among employed and unemployed middle-aged women – a systematic review , Aswini M

‘Emotional Intelligence, Job Satisfaction and Psychological Well-being Among Nurses’ , Chetna M

RELATIONSHIP OF COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN(CAD)-BASED PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR FACIAL DYSFUNCTION WITH FACIAL GRADING SYSTEMS FOR BELL’S PALSY: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY , Ankita Mehendale

“Effect of Sensation Seeking and Anxious Traits on Suicidal Ideation Among Adults by Birth Order” , Haripriya G. M

Clinical & radiological assessment of intertrochanteric fractures treated with PFN A2 , Harish M

Effect of a home-based pulmonary rehabilitation programme on respiratory function, functional capacity, and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , Vaibhavi Mhatre

Profiling Communication Characteristics of Individuals with Acquired Neuro-communication Disorder in a Tertiary Care Setup , Nikita Subudhi M

Relationship between weight bearing symmetry, trunk control and fear of fall amongst subjects with stroke: A cross sectional study , VIVIAN NEHAL MONIS

Lower extremity muscle recruitment pattern during sit to stand transfer in children with cerebral palsy as compared to typically developing children- a cross sectional study. , Kiran P. Nadgauda

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of Indian classical singers towards vocal healthcare , Raveena Muralidharan Nair

"Perspectives of Indian Speech Language Pathologists on Adolescent Language Assessment" , Rohana Muralidharan Nair

Effect Of Yoga On Perceived Stress And Pulmonary Function In High Stressed Postmenopausal Women , Vinodini NA

Refractory errors, blood groups & diabetes mellitus: A corrleative study in south Indian population , Vinodini NA

Comparison of Functional outcomes for displaced extra-articular distal radius fractures managed by Conservative versus Operative methods: A Prospective cohort study , Muhammed Ehsan Nazeer

COMPARATIVE STUDYOF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VAPOCOOLANT SPRAY VERSUS EMLA®® CREAM IN REDUCING PAIN DURING INTRAVENOUS CANNULATION IN ADULT POPULATION , Sisla Nazer P

Assessment of attitude among public towards stuttering in a coastal city of Southern Karnataka , Prithvi N

"Severity assessment of acute pancreatitis using ct severity index and modified ct severity index: association with clinical outcomes and ranson’s criteria. " , GEETANJALI PARMAR

“The Effect of Culture Shock on Adjustment and Psychological Wellbeing Among College Going Students” , Akanksha Patra

‘Effect of Religiosity on Attitude Towards Euthanasia in Medical Students’ , Sumedha Pawar

Development Of A Questionnaire To Determine The Clinical Assessment Practices Of Speech-Language Pathologists For Children With Speech Sound Disorders In India , Prasila Elsa Philip

Correlation of oxidised LDL with oxidant and antioxidant enzymes in subjects with elevated LDL levels , Pooja p

Association of emotional intelligence of primigravida mothers with breastfeeding self efficacy in the early postpartum period and exclusive breastfeeding rates up to 6 months. , Priyanka Reddy p

Morphometric study of the Sartorius muscle and its vascular pedicles , M.D. Prameela

Comparison of the analgesic duration using ultrasound guided popliteal sciatic nerve block between diabetics with neuropathy and non-diabetics without neuropathy , GANESH PRASAD

Early follicular and Mid-luteal phase associated changes in Lower extremity Muscle strength , length and Agility in amateur female athletes – a Prospective Analytical study , Vishnu Priya

Assessment of mobile device based educational intervention on breastfeeding technique in multigravida mothers and its effect on early infant feeding pattern- A randomized controlled trial. , Keerthi Raj

THERMAL ULTRASOUND, MANIPULATION AND EXERCISE ON PAIN AND MOUTH OPENING IN CHRONIC TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDER: A CASE REPORT , Suchita S. Rao

Correlation of Histopathology and Direct Immunofluorescence: Findings in clinically diagnosed Prurigo nodularis in a Tertiary care hospital , Haritha Reddy

EFFECT OF POSITIONING ON THE PAIN RESPONSE OF INFANTS VACCINATED WITH IPV AND PENTAVALENT (dtwp-HEPATITIS B-HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA B) VACCINES , Sontosh Reddy

Assessment of the acceptable length of Right internal jugular central venous catheters. , Nivedhitha R

PRELEVANCE OF WORK RELATED DERMATOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS IN HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN COVID-19 ERA , Rana R

COMPARISON OF TWO ROUTINE FACIAL EXERCISE PROTCOLS FOR BELL’S PALSY- A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL , Stephanie Santiago

Profiling selected speech characteristics in individuals with Chronic Cough , Nawal Palakkal Sathar

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Library Resources for Medical Laboratory Sciences: Dissertations

• E-book Collections
• Dissertations
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General Open Access Dissertations

Regional open access dissertations.

The following list of databases provide access to regional dissertations and theses. The list does not include single institution repositories.

To find dissertations from North American universities:

AU Digital Dissertations and Theses

• Graduate Research @ Andrews University
• Honors Theses

Undergraduate Research Commons

The Undergraduate Research Commons (URC) is a portal showcasing outstanding published works authored by thousands of undergraduate students.

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• Last Updated: Jul 11, 2024 4:02 PM
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• Theses and Dissertations

Biomedical Sciences: Theses and Dissertations

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Introduction

Theses and dissertations are documents that present an author's research findings, which are submitted to the University in support of their academic degree. They are very useful to consult when carrying out your own research because they:

• provide a springboard to scope existing literature
• provide inspiration for the finished product
• show you the evolution of an author's ideas over time
• provide relevant and up-to-date research (for recent theses and dissertations)

On this page you will find guidance on how to search for and access theses and dissertations in the Bodleian Libraries and beyond.

Definitions

Terms you may encounter in your research.

Thesis: In the UK, a thesis is normally a document that presents an author's research findings as part of a doctoral or research programme.

Dissertation: In the UK, a dissertation is normally a document that presents an author's research findings as part of an undergraduate or master's programme.

DPhil: An abbreviation for Doctor of Philosophy, which is an advanced research qualification. You may also see it referred to as PhD.

ORA: The Oxford University Research Archive , an institutional repository for the University of Oxford's research output including digital theses.

Theses and dissertations

• Reading theses and dissertations in the Bodleian Libraries

The Bodleian Libraries collection holds DPhil, MLitt and MPhil theses deposited at the University of Oxford, which you can consult. You may also be interested to read theses and dissertations beyond the University of Oxford, some of which can be read online, or you can request an inter-library loan.

Help with theses and dissertations

To find out more about how to find and access theses and dissertations in the Bodleian Libraries and beyond, we recommend the following:

• Bodleian Libraries theses and dissertations Links to information on accessing the Bodleian Libraries collections of Oxford, UK, US and other international theses.
• Oxford University Research Archive guide
• Help & guidance for digital theses Information on copyright, how to deposit your thesis in ORA and other important matters
• Guide to copyright The Bodleian Libraries' Quick guide to copyright and digital sources.

Plagiarism checking tools

Read the University academic good practice page.

Seek your Supervisor or Tutor's guidance. In addition, your Supervisor or Tutor may decide to submit your work to Turnitin, accessible to teaching staff only. Visit the Turnitin website for product information.

Consult books - suggested reading:

• Cite Them Right An online referencing tools which gives examples and generates citations from a choice of 7 referencing systems for print and electronic formats. The citations can be copied into your work or emailed. The referencing systems are Harvard (author-date), APA, MLA, MHRA, OSCOLA, Vancouver and Chicago. Citations can be created for a very diverse range of sources, including books, journals, digital resources and websites, audiovisual material, unpublished material (theses, manuscripts, etc.), financial & scientific reports, genealogical sources (wills, censuses, etc.), legal material, government and other official publications, and other forms of communication sources (email, Twitter, graffiti, etc.). more... less... Alternative name: Cite Them Right Online An online referencing tools which gives examples and generates citations from a choice of 7 referencing systems for print and electronic formats. The citations can be copied into your work or emailed. The referencing systems are Harvard (author-date), APA, MLA, MHRA, OSCOLA, Vancouver and Chicago. Citations can be created for a very diverse range of sources, including books, journals, digital resources and websites, audiovisual material, unpublished material (theses, manuscripts, etc.), financial & scientific reports, genealogical sources (wills, censuses, etc.), legal material, government and other official publications, and other forms of communication sources (email, Twitter, graffiti, etc.). Note that “Manuscripts” are located in Book > More books.

Depositing your thesis

It is mandatory for students completing a research degree at the University of Oxford (registered to a programme of study on or after 1st October 2007) to deposit an electronic copy of their theses with the Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) in order to meet the requirements of their award. To find out more, visit the Oxford University Research Archive guide.

Quick access to research & writing guides

• Research integrity and ethics The University of Oxford regards research integrity as a core value and has a longstanding commitment to ensuring that it is embedded in its research culture and activity
• Academic good practice Advice on academic good practice including avoiding plagiarism, managing your time, reading, note taking, referencing and revision.
• << Previous: Databases
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• Last Updated: Aug 23, 2024 12:03 PM
• URL: https://libguides.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/biomedical-sciences

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• USF Research
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Digital Commons @ USF > USF Health > College of Public Health > Public Health Practice > Theses and Dissertations

Public Health Theses and Dissertations

Theses/dissertations from 2024 2024.

Linking Shared Decision Making to Outcomes in Simulated Prenatal Genetic Counseling Sessions , Raquel C. Chavarria

Interrelationships Among Local Values of Wet Bulb Globe Temperature, Heat Index, and Adjusted Temperature , Andrea Giraldo

Evaluation of Pediatric Genetics Clinics’ Workflows, Efficiencies, & Genetic Counselor Job Satisfaction , Ashlyn M. Keziah

Analyzing the Relationship Between Preeclamptic Severity and Placental Methylation , Mackenzie C. Maggio

A Differentially Methylated Region Analysis Between Three Disease States of Major Depressive Disorder in Primarily African-American Cohorts , Lanie KateLynn Mullins

Preliminary investigation of differences in host mitochondria membrane potential during Toxoplasma gondii infection , Bryan L. Ortega

Theses/Dissertations from 2023 2023

Needs Assessment for a Web-Based Support Resource for Patients with a Pathogenic Variant in LMNA , Dylan M. Allen

Evaluation of a Story-telling Approach to Educate Minority Populations About Inherited Cancer , Celestyn B. Angot

Using the Genetic Counseling Skills Checklist to Characterize Prenatal Genetic Counseling , David A. Cline

Reframing Resistance, Resilience, and Racial Equity in Maternal Health: A Mixed Methods Exploration of Paternal Involvement and the Racial Disparity in Severe Maternal Morbidity , Marshara G. Fross

Student Perceptions of the Nonmedical Use of Prescription Stimulants and Preferences for Health Education , Ana Gutierrez

Relationships between Leading and Trailing Indicators at Construction Sites in Yanbu Industrial City, Saudi Arabia , Anas H. Halloul

Variability of Air Sampling Results Using Air-O-Cell Cassettes , Christina M. Haworth

Use of Silica Dust and Lunar Simulants for Assessing Lunar Regolith Exposure , Layzamarie Irizarry-Colon

The Aging Workforce: How it Relates to Incident Rates within a Distribution Warehouse and a Chemical Manufacturing Building , Elisabeth V. Jones

Fuzzy KC Clustering Imputation for Missing Not At Random Data , Markku A. Malmi Jr.

Piloting a Spanish-language Web-based Tool for Hereditary Cancer Genetic Testing , Gretter Manso

Development of a ddPCR Multiplex to Measure the Immune Response to Borrelia burgdorferi. , Kailey Marie McCain

A Healthcare Claims Investigation of Parasomnia Epidemiology, Associations with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Correlates , Anh Thy Ha Nguyen

Diet and Salivary Microbiome on Cardiovascular Risk and Glycemic Control in Participants with and without Type 1 Diabetes: The CACTI Study , Tiantian Pang

Evaluation of Two Methods to Estimate Wet Bulb Globe Temperature from Heat Index , Stephi Pofanl

Intimate Conversations: A Mixed-Methods Study of African American Father-Adolescent Sexual Risk Communication , Shanda A. Vereen

Assessment of ISO Heart Rate Method to Estimate Metabolic Rate , Karl Williams

Theses/Dissertations from 2022 2022

Outcomes of a Periodic Exposure Assessment of Workers at a University Campus , Logan M. Armagast

Evaluating the Effect of Public Health Governance Structure and Public Opinion on COVID-19 Disease Control Interventions , Daniel Chacreton

Alpha Synuclein: A therapeutic target and biomarker for Parkinson’s Disease , Max Chase

A Study of Noise Exposures for Amusement Park Employees by Positions and Ride Categories , Danielle M. Dao

Bayesian Network-based Diagnostic Support Tool with Limited Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Work-related Elbow Injuries , Cristina Maria Franceschini Sánchez

Host-Pathogen Coevolution Between Tasmanian Devils (Sarcophilus harrisii) and Devil Facial Tumor Disease , Dylan Garret Gallinson

Measurements of Generalizability and Adjustment for Bias in Clinical Trials , Yuanyuan Lu

Examining the Relationship between Racial Respect among Black Early Childhood Professionals and their Perceptions of Black Children , Kayla Nembhard

Etiology of sterile intra-amniotic inflammation: An exploratory study , Zoe M. Taylor

Evaluating and Improving a Novel Toolkit for Implementation and Optimization of Lynch Syndrome Universal Tumor Screening , Tara M. Wolfinger

Theses/Dissertations from 2021 2021

Exploring Adult Attachment in Intimate Relationships among Women who Were Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence in Childhood: A Convergent Mixed Methods Approach , Ngozichukwuka C. Agu

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Disinfectant-Impregnated Wipes Versus Detergent Wipes for Surface Decontamination , Jacob Amadin

Limited Point of Care Ultrasound Clinical Decision Support Model for Work-related Injuries of the Shoulder Utilizing Bayesian Network , Gwen Marie Ayers

Synthesis of a Multimodal Ecological Model for Scalable, High-Resolution Arboviral Risk Prediction in Florida , Sean P. Beeman

Feasibility of a Virtual Group Nutrition Intervention for Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder , Acadia W. Buro

Defining Codes Based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research in the Context of the Implementing Universal Lynch Syndrome Screening , Jasmine A. Burton-Akright

Americans’ Familiarity, Interest, and Actions with Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing , Riley L. Carroll

Does Better A1C Control Worsen Osteoarthritis? An Electronic Health Record Cross-Sectional Study , Sarah C. Cattaneo

Analysis of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Gene Expression Profiles in a Prospective, Community-based Cohort , Jan Dahrendorff

Differential Privacy for Regression Modeling in Health: An Evaluation of Algorithms , Joseph Ficek

Does Time-Weighted Averaging for WBGT and Metabolic Rate Work for Work-Recovery Cycles? , John W. Flach

Screening of Pregnant Women with Opioid Use Disorder: Identifying Factors Impacting Implementation of Screening Recommendations Using the Theoretical Domains Framework , Tara R. Foti

Epigenetic Potential in an Introduced Passerine , Haley E. Hanson

Face Mask Use to Protect Against COVID-19; Importance of Substrate, Fit, and User Tendencies , Evelyn Kassel

Novel Educational Material for Patients with a Variant of Uncertain Significance (VUS) in a Cancer Risk Gene , Meghan E. Kelley

Mechanisms and Mitigation: Effects of Light Pollution on West Nile Virus Dynamics , Meredith E. Kernbach

Seasonality in Competence to Transmit West Nile Virus for a Widespread Reservoir , Kyle L. Koller

Mealtimes in Early Childhood Education Centers During COVID-19: A Mixed-Methods Assessment of Responsibilities, Interactions, and Best Practices , Joanna Mackie

Development and Validation of an Isothermal Amplification Assay for Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus , Mikayla D. Maddison

Evaluating the Development and Implementation of Campus-based Sexual and Interpersonal Violence Prevention Programming , Robyn Manning-Samuels

Bait-and-Kill: Targeting a Novel Heme Biochemical Pathway in Hundreds of Cancers , Christopher G. Marinescu

Acclimatization Protocols and Their Outcomes , Ayub M. Odera

Promoting HPV vaccination with vaccine-hesitant parents using social media: a formative research mixed-method study , Silvia Sommariva

Sleep Diagnoses and Low Back Pain in U.S. Military Veterans , Kenneth A. Taylor

Theses/Dissertations from 2020 2020

Journey Mapping the Minority Student’s Path Toward Genetic Counseling: A Holistic Picture , Tatiana E. Alvarado-Wing

Using Observations from the UAW-Ford Ergonomic Assessment Tool to Predict Distal Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders , Zachariah T. Brandes-Powell

Do Similar Exposure Groups (SEG) differ from Air Force base to Air Force base? A Combat Arms Training and Maintenance (CATM) noise exposure comparison of Moody AFB and MacDill AFB. , Miriam F. Escobar

Predictors of Premature Discontinuation from Behavioral Health Services: A Mixed Methods Study Guided by the Andersen & Newman Model of Health Care Utilization , Shawna M. Green

Non-invasive Sex Determination and Genotyping of Transgenic Brugia malayi Larvae , Santiago E. Hernandez Bojorge

Does Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Increases the Risk of Preeclampsia Among Primigravid Women? , Astha Kakkad

Evaluating Effects of Cancer Genetic Counseling on Several Brief Patient Impact Measures , Alyson Kneusel

Impact of Heat-Related Illness and Natural Environments on Behavioral Health Related Emergency and Hospital Utilization in Florida , Natasha Kurji

The Quantification of Heavy Metals in Infant Formulas Offered by the Florida WIC Program , Naya Martin

Differences in Knowledge Acquisition, Perceived Engagement and Self-Efficacy in Latino Promotores Delivering the Heart Disease Prevention Program Su Corazόn, Su Vida , Samuel Matos-Bastidas

Spatial and Temporal Determinants Associated with Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Activity in Florida , Kristi M. Miley

Using Observations from the UAW-Ford Ergonomic Assessment Tool to Predict Low Back Musculoskeletal Disorders , Colins Nwafor

On the Importance of Context: Examining the Applicability of Infertility Insurance Mandates in the United States Using a Mixed-Methods Study Design , Nathanael B. Stanley

Exploration of Factors Associated with Perceptions of Community Safety among Youth in Hillsborough County, Florida: A Convergent Parallel Mixed-Methods Approach , Yingwei Yang

Theses/Dissertations from 2019 2019

The Ability of the U.S. Military’s WBGT-based Flag System to Recommend Safe Heat Stress Exposures , David R. Almario

The Relationship between Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM) Derived Metrics and Indices of Glycemic Control , Ryan Bailey

“Man plans but ultimately, God decides”: A Phenomenological Investigation of the Contextual Family Planning Beliefs of Recently Resettled Congolese Refugee Women in West Central Florida. , Linda Bomboka Wilson

‘If He Hits Me, Is That Love? I Don’t Think So’: An Ethnographic Investigation of the Multi-Level Influences Shaping Indigenous Women’s Decision-Making Around Intimate Partner Violence in the Rural Peruvian Andes , Isabella Li Chan

An Assessment of the Role of Florida Pharmacists in the Administration of Inactivated Influenza Vaccine to Pregnant Women , Oluyemisi O. Falope

Epidemiological Analysis of Malaria Decrease in El Salvador from 1955 until 2017 , Tatiana I. Gardellini Guevara

Self-Collected Sampling Methods for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Screening Among College Women: Exploring Patient-Centered Intervention Characteristics , Stacey B. Griner

The Relationship Between Hand and Wrist Musculoskeletal Disorders and Hand Activity and Posture , Warren M. Henry

Speeding Diagnosis and Saving Money Using Point of Care Ultrasound Rather Than MRI for Work-related MSK Injuries , Jared A. Jeffries

Mitigating Barriers to Chronic Disease Risk Factor Prevention and Management in Disadvantaged Communities , Krys M. Johnson

Comparing Family Sharing Behaviors in BRCA Carriers with PALB2 Carriers , Joy E. Kechik

Investigating Air Pollution and Equity Impacts of a Proposed Transportation Improvement Program for Tampa , Talha Kemal Kocak

Exploring Young Women’s Choice to Initiate Use of Long-acting Reversible Contraception: A Mixed Methods Approach , Helen Mahony

Evaluation of Clinical Practices and Needs about Variants of Uncertain Significance Results in Inherited Cardiac Arrhythmia and Inherited Cardiomyopathy Genes , Reka D. Muller

Effects of Medications with Anticholinergic Properties and Opioids on Cognitive Function and Neural Volumetric Changes in Elderly Australians , Malinee Neelamegam

Sundaas Story: A Mixed-Methods Study of Household Sanitation Provisioning in Urban Informal Housing in India , Sarita Vijay Panchang

A Retrospective Study of the Opioid Epidemic and Fentanyl Related Overdose Fatality Cases in a Florida West Coast Medical Examiner District Population , Anne Terese Powell

Using Predicted Heat Strain to Evaluate Sustainable Exposures , Samantha L. Thacker

Isokinetic Sampling Efficiency Differences for Blunt Edge vs Sharp Edge Sampling Probes , Cory A. Treloar

Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to Investigate Daily Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (emtricitabine/tenofovir DF) Implementation via Community-based HIV Testing Sites in Florida , Deanne E. Turner

“We can learn some things from them, but they can learn some things from us too”: Intergenerational Perceptions of Shared Infant Feeding Information , Alexis L. Woods Barr

Theses/Dissertations from 2018 2018

Comparison of Modeled and Measured Pesticide Concentrations in Air , Trenell Davis Boggans

Effectiveness of Biocide Substitution and Management Plan Implementation for the Control of , Adelmarie Bones

Design, Construction, and Characterization of the University of South Florida Wind Tunnel , Jason S. Garcia

Characterization of Scanning Mobility Particle Sizers For Use With Nanoaerosols , Michael R. Henderson

Validation of the Thermal Work Limit (TWL) Against Known Heat Stress Exposures , Danielle L. Kapanowski

Validation of a New Concept for Measuring Respirable Dusts , Xiao Liu

Occupational Noise Exposure Evaluation of Airline Ramp Workers , Adekunle Ogunyemi

Reduction in Needlestick Injuries Using a Novel Package of Interventions , Kamal Thakor Patel

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The role of emotions in academic performance of undergraduate medical students: a narrative review

Affiliations.

• 1 King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. [email protected].
• 2 Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK. [email protected].
• 3 Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
• PMID: 39180051
• DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05894-1

Background: This paper is devoted to a narrative review of the literature on emotions and academic performance in medicine. The review aims to examine the role emotions play in the academic performance of undergraduate medical students.

Methods: Eight electronic databases were used to search the literature from 2013 to 2023, including Academic Search Ultimate, British Education Index, CINAHL, Education Abstract, ERIC, Medline, APA Psych Articles and APA Psych Info. Using specific keywords and terms in the databases, 3,285,208 articles were found. After applying the predefined exclusion and inclusion criteria to include only medical students and academic performance as an outcome, 45 articles remained, and two reviewers assessed the quality of the retrieved literature; 17 articles were selected for the narrative synthesis.

Result: The findings indicate that depression and anxiety are the most frequently reported variables in the reviewed literature, and they have negative and positive impacts on the academic performance of medical students. The included literature also reported that a high number of medical students experienced test anxiety during their study, which affected their academic performance. Positive emotions lead to positive academic outcomes and vice versa. However, Feelings of shame did not have any effect on the academic performance of medical students.

Discussion: The review suggests a significant relationship between emotions and academic performance among undergraduate medical students. While the evidence may not establish causation, it underscores the importance of considering emotional factors in understanding student performance. However, reliance on cross-sectional studies and self-reported data may introduce recall bias. Future research should concentrate on developing anxiety reduction strategies and enhancing mental well-being to improve academic performance.

Keywords: Academic performance; Emotions; Medical students.

© 2024. The Author(s).

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• Weurlander M, Lonn A, Seeberger A, Hult H, Thornberg R, Wernerson A. Emotional challenges of medical students generate feelings of uncertainty. Med Educ. 2019;53(10):1037–48. - DOI
• Boekaerts M, Pekrun R. Emotions and emotion regulation in academic settings. Handbook of educational psychology: Routledge; 2015. pp. 90–104.
• Camacho-Morles J, Slemp GR, Pekrun R, Loderer K, Hou H, Oades LG. Activity achievement emotions and academic performance: a meta-analysis. Educational Psychol Rev. 2021;33(3):1051–95. - DOI
• Aboalshamat K, Hou X-Y, Strodl E. Psychological well-being status among medical and dental students in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. Med Teach. 2015;37(Suppl 1):S75–81. - DOI
• Mirghni HO, Ahmed Elnour MA. The perceived stress and approach to learning effects on academic performance among Sudanese medical students. Electron Physician. 2017;9(4):4072–6. - DOI

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Two centuries old, a handwritten record of medical education

Penn libraries is part of a multi-institution-funded project to digitize materials from early medical education. more than 1,000 penn dissertations are now online, with the earliest dating from 1807..

The script in black ink on cream cotton rag paper is filled with flourishes on the title page of the dissertation by University of Pennsylvania medical student Americus Vesuvius Payne, dated March 30, 1820. In the corner, in pencil, is the address, No. 201 Walnut.

Photographed at the Penn Libraries earlier this summer, it is one of more than 60,000 pages in more than 1,000 Penn medical student dissertations from the early 1800s that have been digitized over the past two years. The dissertations are available to the public free of charge through the Libraries online catalogue .

Penn opened its School of Medicine , the nation’s first, in 1765. The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania was established in 1874 as the nation’s first teaching hospital. Until just the Civil War, Penn’s medical school required students to write dissertations as part of the degree process, and those submitted to the College are in the Libraries collection.

“We are hoping there will be a lot of interest in these dissertations, as you can get a sense for early medical education. And you can see intersections, for example, of medical education with gender and race,” says Mitch Fraas , senior curator, Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts . “Having a targeted project on material this early is unusual.”

Research value

A Visiting Fellow since 2019 with the Penn Medicine and the Afterlives of Slavery project, Christopher D.E. Willoughby has read through nearly 2,000 of Penn’s medical dissertations from 1807 to 1861. 

What he discovered “became the backbone” of a book he just completed, “Masters of Health: Racial Science and Slavery in U.S. Medical School,” now under contract with the University of North Carolina Press. Willoughby also used the dissertations for research on his own Ph.D. dissertation, “Pedagogies of the Black Body: Race and Medical Education in the Antebellum United States” for his doctoral degree from Tulane University in 2016.

They can help us take the pulse of medical education in a lot of areas, like race, gender, medical history, and learn how medical students learned and how they planned to apply it to their practice. Christopher D.E. Willoughby, visiting fellow with the Penn Medicine and the Afterlives of Slavery project

Penn, he says, has more of these 19th century dissertations than any other medical school in the country. “With the sheer volume of the dissertations at Penn you can take the pulse of medical education,” Willoughby says. “You really get a sense of what they were teaching and how the students were processing it.”

The digitized dissertations, which allow for computerized searches by keyword, are much more accessible and easier to manage than paging through the original volumes as he did, looking for interesting titles. Researchers can learn “what a more average physician is thinking and trace that over this 50-year period,” written by people whose work would not usually have been published, he says.

“Their mundaneness is what makes them special,” Willoughby says. “They provide interesting, and in some cases disturbing, anecdotes about everyday medical complaints, as well as what doctors thought.”

Digitizing details

The digitization project started in April two years ago, and the scans were completed in June, Fraas says. More than 1,000 dissertations are now online, and all included in the project are expected to be uploaded and available this month. The project was funded by a $500,000 Council on Library & information Resources (CLIR) grant to a consortium of Philadelphia libraries which house early medical materials, including the College of Physicians of Philadelphia and Thomas Jefferson University .

At some point in the 20th century the dissertations were bound together, each with a plain, black hardback book cover, Fraas says. Each of the bound volumes has 20 to 30 dissertations and total about 800 pages each. The median number of pages per dissertation is 25 to 30, but there are a number that are much shorter, and a few “really prolific” ones that are more than 200 pages, Fraas says.

The CLIR-funded project includes 54 volumes and cover all surviving theses from before 1829, with the earliest dating from 1807 and the majority written in the 1820s. There are many more dissertations on the Kislak Center’s shelves, at least five times the amount they have just digitized, Fraas says, while standing in the stacks in front of the rows of black-covered volumes. The Libraries also has hundreds of volumes of lecture notes taken by medical students.

It takes about two days to digitize one of the bound volumes, says P.J. Smalley , digital camera operator in the Libraries’ Schoenberg Center for Electronic Text & Image. They photograph every page front and back even if it appears to be blank. “The only way you're going to capture the objects and do it right is to do the whole thing, every page,” Fraas says.

The paper is made of cotton rag, not of wood pulp like modern paper. “Sometimes we’ll shoot stuff from the 20th century that will be way worse shape than something that’s from the 1600s,” Smalley says. “These are in really good shape.”

They are “creating a surrogate,” digital files that may or may not outlast the original, says Jordan Rothschild , digital camera operator, while preparing one of the bound volumes on the glass. The images are a very high resolution and color-corrected for accuracy, he says, “reproducing an image of an item as faithfully as we possibly can, not making it ‘look pretty’ or altering in any way.”

Cataloguing and keywords

When the manuscripts were bound together, they were grouped by topic. Many of the topics are recognizable, like cholera and constipation and croup, but some of the dissertation topics use medical terminology from the early 19th century that are not used today.

Elsa Varela , special collections cataloging librarian, has reviewed every manuscript to catalogue characteristics for database searches, like the date, the author, title, date, and subject. While cataloguing the manuscripts Varela includes both the original medical citation and also an interpretation with modern terminology.

“It’s important because those subject headings and keywords make things more findable,” she says. “A lot of titles were vague, like the effects of cold, or described in terms that are no longer being used. Using a standardized Library of Congress subject heading is especially important.”

The team conducting the digitizing within the Schoenberg Center for Electronic Text & Image shoot more than 300,000 images a year in their workspace in the basement of the Van Pelt Library, says Smalley. The digitizing team was not on campus due to pandemic restrictions starting in March 2020. They returned, but at limited capacity, starting in August 2020 and picked up the work once again.

Varela continued the cataloguing work from her home using digitized images instead of pulling the volume from the shelf and going through each dissertation by hand. She was working on Volume 34 when the pandemic restrictions went into effect, and there were 20 more volumes to go. “In a way it is better to catalog from the digitized dissertations. It allows you to zoom in on things,” she says. “Sometimes the handwriting is hard to read and it does help me identify names.”

The handwriting varies, of course, with some so beautifully executed that Fraas and Varela speculate some students hired scribes to write out the final manuscript. Some dissertations have notes written in the margins or on the backs of pages. The cover pages can be elaborate or plain or even include the address of the author, like Americus Payne’s, “ An Inaugural Dissertation on Cholera Infantum .”

“It was interesting to look at these different handwritings and different styles,” Varela says. “I wondered if these were farmed out, just like hiring someone to type up a term paper. Some of the handwriting is so lovely. It was nice to see.”

Dissertation details

Although she didn’t read each one, she did examine some that piqued her interest. “It was really interesting during these times to be reading them because we are all thinking about health,” she says. 

One of the dissertations was included in the Penn & Slavery project: “ Observations on The manner of Living and Diseases of the Slaves on the Wateree River ” by William L. McCaa of Camden, South Carolina, written in 1822 and presented as an inaugural essay to Penn’s medicine faculty. “On the last page the author tells of a case in which an enslaved woman delivered her own child in the field,” Varela says. “I added the subject heading ‘discrimination in medical care’ as a way to highlight the author’s bias.”

Others she highlights as interesting include “ Essay on Menstruation ” dated 1829 by Joseph M. Urquiola, a native of Trinidad de Cuba, who she says was the first Latin American graduate of Penn. And “ An Inaugural Dissertation on Lead and its Preparations ” dated 1824 by William Wetherill of Philadelphia, because the Libraries also holds the papers of the Wetherill & Son’s white lead company. The Libraries has a portrait of the author of “ A Treatise on Spina Bifida with two cases of its treatment ” written in 1829 by Josiah Barnes of Litchfield, Connecticut.

Fraas says some of the dissertations are “pretty lugubrious,” noting that some of those that he read were philosophical speculation. “Some of them are more based in observation, some are sort of last-minute, made-up things, and some of them are more serious works of research,” Fraas says. “It is a different kind of medical education than people would know.”

Willoughby says these dissertations are “more rote, derivative products,” not like the dissertations of today that have original research. “It’s much more akin to a senior thesis,” he says.

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In the 18th century when Penn’s medical school was founded, physicians were mostly trained through apprenticeships, and the few elite who went to medical school wrote dissertations in Latin, Willoughby says. As medical schools became established, the enrollment grew and those students did not usually know Latin, he says, so they were written in English. After the Civil War most medical doctors went to medical school, and it was decided the dissertations were not valuable, he says.

But they have value now. “They can help us take the pulse of medical education in a lot of areas, like race, gender, medical history, and learn how medical students learned and how they planned to apply it to their practice,” he says. “These medical theses allow us to see what the average physician thought.” 

Willoughby says he can trace the origins and growth of racism in the practice of medicine through the dissertations, and also gain insight into the lives of impoverished and enslaved people by their ailments and injuries. “I’ll be citing medical dissertations from Penn until I retire, or change research subjects,” he says. “I think they have a lot to tell.”

Mitch Fraas is director of special collections & research services and a senior curator for special collections at the Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts at the University of Pennsylvania Libraries.

Jordan Rothschild is digital camera operator in the Schoenberg Center for Electronic Text & Image at the University of Pennsylvania Libraries.

P.J. Smalley is digital camera operator in the Schoenberg Center for Electronic Text & Image at the University of Pennsylvania Libraries.

Elsa Varela is special collections cataloging librarian at the University of Pennsylvania Libraries.

Christopher D.E. Willoughby has been a visiting fellow with the Penn Medicine and the Afterlives of Slavery project since 2019. In the fall he will be the Molina Fellow in the History of Medicine & Allied Sciences at The Huntington Library and a visiting scholar at the Charles Warren Center for Studies in American History at Harvard University.

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How security agents killed suspected kidnapper, rescued 20 medical students

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Gov Alia reacts to rescue of abducted medical students in Benue

The Benue State Governor, Hyacinth Alia, has expressed gratitude to security agencies over the rescue of abducted medical students in the state.

DAILY POST reports that 20 students, were kidnapped last week along the Otukpo/Otukpa/Enugu federal highway while traveling to Enugu State for the Federation of Catholic Medical and Dental Students’ annual convention.

After about a week in the kidnappers’ den, the students were rescued by security operatives on Friday.

The Benue State Police Command confirmed their release in a statement Friday night.

Reacting, Alia in a post on his verified Facebook page, expressed gratitude to the security operatives over their swift response.

He wrote, “I want to express my profound gratitude to the Federal Government, the Inspector General of Police, and all security agencies for their swift response and the safe release of the abducted medical students.

“Your dedication to ensuring safety and security in Benue State and beyond is commendable.”

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20 Unijos medical students kidnapped in Benue regain freedom

NAN gathered that a combined team of security operatives coordinated by the Office of the NSA carried out the operation that ensured freedom for the abducted students.

The Police Command in Benue has confirmed the release of 20 students of the University of Maiduguri and University of Jos kidnapped by gunmen in the north-central State on August 15.

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Its Public Relations Officer, Sewuese Anene , confirmed their rescue to the News Agency of Nigeria(NAN) at 11.15 p.m. on Friday in Makurdi.

NAN reports that the students, who were travelling to Enugu for their annual Federation of Catholic Medical and Dental Students (FECAMDS) Convention, were abducted in Otukpo.

Also taken was a House Officer, who accompanied them on the journey.

Anene, however, declined further details on the rescue efforts.

“The victims have been released. Details will be released tomorrow (Saturday) morning please,” he stated.

NAN reports that their release is coming five days after the Inspector-General of Police, Olukayode Egbetokun , deployed a tactical squad to Benue and ordered the Commissioner of Police in Benue, to relocate to Otukpo.

NAN gathered that a combined team of security operatives coordinated by the Office of the National Security Adviser carried out the operation that ensured freedom for the abducted students.

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Medical students without post-graduate jobs

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More than two dozen of our future doctors have not yet been matched with jobs for their first year out of medical school, and some are thinking about heading overseas as a result.

Twenty-five mostly international medical students have not yet got a post-graduate job for next year.

Te Whatu Ora has offered 538 jobs to students, out of a total 563 who applied across the country.

It comes as some GP practices have weeks-long waiting lists, while hospitals and emergency departments around the country struggle with understaffing and ballooning wait times.

For one international student, who does not want to be named, it did not make sense to not be matched with a job after seeing the dire staffing issues at hospitals for herself.

"This year I'm a final year medical student, and we often have to do a lot of jobs that junior doctors need to do because of a shortage of staff."

The matching system, known as ACE, has 3 categories: It prioritises New Zealand students first, then students from Australian universities, and lastly international students who studied here.

"I think it's quite frustrating for us, because we've also trained through all the years during medical school, and we do the same amount of work as domestic students."

She wants to stay in New Zealand, and will keep looking for a job here, but if she cannot find one she will think about moving to Australia.

Te Whatu Ora interim national chief medical officer Nick Baker said the remaining 25 students would join the the national talent pool which was accessible to all employers.

He said Health New Zealand was committed to working with the unmatched graduates to find them roles as soon as possible.

But it was not a guarantee they would get jobs and right now there was not a spot for them.

The student RNZ spoke to felt this did not make sense when they had studied here for six years, want to work here and the health sector seems overwhelmed.

"I think especially now, they're losing a lot of people to Australia, or other countries and they're not actually supporting people who actually want to stay in New Zealand and work here."

New Zealand Medical Students Association vice president of engagement Jake Parsons said medical school in New Zealand was very competitive to get into and produced high quality graduates who have a lot of debt and have poured a lot into their qualifications.

"For these people to not receive job offers, after what is a very long, very challenging degree - it is a real blow for people who've sacrificed an enormous amount of time and money."

Despite there being 25 students without jobs - Parsons said that number didn't tell the whole story.

"My understanding is there's probably many more that know that as international students they're very unlikely to get a job, and so they haven't even applied in the first place."

The number of students being trained is often focused on by politicians, he said, but that was only part of the picture.

"The reality is if we're not funding positions for those junior doctors, then it doesn't matter how many medical students we train. We're just funnelling resources into them, and then they have to go overseas."

Baker said giving spots to these 500-plus  soon-to-be-doctors, would make a real difference in helping meet the health needs of the communities they'll serve.

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