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DR: A.P.J ABDUL KALAM’S BIOGRAPHY

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Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam | History | Biography

Feb 24, 2023

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Abul Pakar Janual Abeden Abdul Kalam became the 12th president of the Republic of India and he was elected with more than 90% of votes more than the other candidate Who was captain Lakshmi Sehgal supported by left parties Dr. Kalam gets the support from the NDA and Congress. Dr. Kalam was born on 15th October 1939 in Rameshwaram in Tamilnadu his father was an ordinary man who gave the boats on rent to the fisherman he was the big famous of self Independence and self-respect.<br><br>

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PEOPLE Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam | History | Biography  BYKRUTI-SHAH  JUN 03, 2020 18:09  Abul Pakar Janual Abeden Abdul Kalam became the 12th president of the Republic of India and he was elected with more than 90% of votes more than the other candidate Who was captain Lakshmi Sehgal supported by left parties Dr. Kalam gets the support from the NDA and Congress. Dr. Kalam was born on 15th October 1939 in Rameshwaram in Tamilnadu his

father was an ordinary man who gave the boats on rent to the fisherman he was the big famous of self Independence and self-respect. He held his family economically by selling newspapers. Kalam completed BSc from Sent Joseph's College of Trichanapalli. After that he taking engineering degree Aronotical engineering from IIT Chennai. He joined DRDO(Defence Research and development organization) in 1958. After that, he worked on the Missile programs run by ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation)from 1962 to 1982. He became the director of DRDO in 1982 and worked on an integrated directed missile program and he also worked over the project on Agni missile and Arjun tank and also on hike compact aircraft. After that he received the "Bharat Ratna" award in 1997 and before this, he got Padma Bhushan in 1991 and Padma Bhushan in 1981. After all these achievements he was elected the President of India on 25th July 2002. She was called the title of "Missile man" because he was the most responsible man for the Missile and weapons programs. You also contribute a lot in the atomic program of India and he was the first who came into light when India and their first atomic blast on 24th June 1974 and after this he was the main person behind the atomic blast on 11th and 13th April 1999 which is called "Operation Vijay" which by Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. TAGS:APJ ABDUL KALAMPRESIDENT OF INDIAISRO

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What is A.P.J. Abdul Kalam known for?

What organizations was a.p.j. abdul kalam associated with, when and how did a.p.j. abdul kalam enter politics.

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A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

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• Official Site of Dr APJ Abdul Kalam International Foundation
• IndiaNetzone - A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
• Cultural India - A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
• Maps of India - A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Biography
• BBC News - Abdul Kalam: People’s president, extraordinary Indian

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam served as president of the Republic of India from 2002 to 2007. As president, Kalam promoted the advancement of the national nuclear weapons program. Kalam also devised a 20-year action plan to achieve economic growth through technological development in India.

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam attended the Madras Institute of Technology, where he received a degree in aeronautical engineering in 1960. After graduation he joined the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)—an Indian military research institute—and later the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Kalam’s associations were not limited to research organizations: he was also associated with political groups, such as the National Democratic Alliance (NDA).

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam created the Technology Vision 2020 project in 1998. The project sought to develop India’s economy through technology, particularly as applied to agriculture, and increase the availability of health care and education. In recognition of Kalam’s services to the country and broad popularity, the National Democratic Alliance nominated him for president in 2002.

How many awards did A.P.J. Abdul Kalam win?

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam won many awards, both from the Indian government and from the international community. His most notable awards were the Padma Vibhushan, won in 1990, and the Bharat Ratna, won in 1997, for his contributions to science and engineering and service to the government.

Recent News

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (born October 15, 1931, Rameswaram , India—died July 27, 2015, Shillong) was an Indian scientist and politician who played a leading role in the development of India’s missile and nuclear weapons programs. He was president of India from 2002 to 2007.

Kalam earned a degree in aeronautical engineering from the Madras Institute of Technology and in 1958 joined the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). In 1969 he moved to the Indian Space Research Organisation , where he was project director of the SLV-III , the first satellite launch vehicle that was both designed and produced in India. Rejoining DRDO in 1982, Kalam planned the program that produced a number of successful missiles, which helped earn him the nickname “Missile Man.” Among those successes was Agni, India’s first intermediate-range ballistic missile , which incorporated aspects of the SLV-III and was launched in 1989.

From 1992 to 1997 Kalam was scientific adviser to the defense minister, and he later served as principal scientific adviser (1999–2001) to the government with the rank of cabinet minister. His prominent role in the country’s 1998 nuclear weapons tests solidified India as a nuclear power and established Kalam as a national hero, although the tests caused great concern in the international community . In 1998 Kalam put forward a countrywide plan called Technology Vision 2020, which he described as a road map for transforming India from a less-developed to a developed society in 20 years. The plan called for, among other measures, increasing agricultural productivity, emphasizing technology as a vehicle for economic growth , and widening access to health care and education.

In 2002 India’s ruling National Democratic Alliance (NDA) put forward Kalam to succeed outgoing President Kocheril Raman Narayanan . Kalam was nominated by the Hindu nationalist ( Hindutva ) NDA even though he was Muslim, and his stature and popular appeal were such that even the main opposition party, the Indian National Congress , also proposed his candidacy. Kalam easily won the election and was sworn in as India’s 11th president , a largely ceremonial post, in July 2002. He left office at the end of his term in 2007 and was succeeded by Pratibha Patil , the country’s first woman president.

Upon returning to civilian life, Kalam remained committed to using science and technology to transform India into a developed country and served as a lecturer at several universities. On July 27, 2015, he collapsed while delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong and was pronounced dead from cardiac arrest soon afterward.

Kalam wrote several books, including an autobiography, Wings of Fire (1999). Among his numerous awards were two of the country’s highest honors, the Padma Vibhushan (1990) and the Bharat Ratna (1997).

Cultural India

A. p. j. abdul kalam.

11 th President of India (July 25, 2002 – July 25, 2007)

Date of Birth : October 15, 1931

Place of Birth : Rameswaram, Ramnad District, Madras Presidency, British India

Parents : Jainulabdeen (Father) and Ashiamma (Mother)

Spouse : Remained Unmarried

Education : St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli; Madras Institute of Technology

Profession: Professor, Author, Scientist

Died : July 27, 2015

Place of Death: Shillong, Meghalaya, India

Awards : Bharat Ratna (1997), Padma Vibhushan (1990), Padma Bhushan (1981)

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, better known as APJ Abdul Kalam, was an illustrious scientist turned statesman who served as the 11 th President of India from 2002 to 2007. Kalam spent more than forty years as a science administrator and scientist mainly at the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) and Defence Research and the Development Organization (DRDO). He was closely associated with the military missile development efforts and civilian space programme of India. For his work on launch vehicle technology and development of ballistic missile, he was given the pseudonym of ‘The Missile Man of India.’ In 1998, he played a prominent role in Pokhran-II Nuclear Tests.

In 2002, he was elected the 11 th President of the country and became widely known as the ‘People’s President.’ After serving his presidential term he pursued what he loved most – teaching, writing and reading. For his achievements and contributions as a scientist, he was honoured with the ‘Bharat Ratan Award,’ India’s highest civilian honour.

He left for the heavenly abode on July 27, 2015, while delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Shillong. He was laid to rest with full state-honours and his funeral was attended by thousands of people including national-level dignitaries.

Photo Credit : https://www.thetalentedindian.com/dr-a-p-j-abdul-kalam-earth-received-an-honored-guest-but-a-visionary-is-laid-to-rest/

APJ Abdul Kalam was born into a poor Tamil Muslim family in the pilgrimage town of Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, on October 15, 1931. His mother, Ashiamma, was a housewife and his father, Jainulabdeen, was an imam of a local mosque and a boat owner. He was the youngest in the family with four elder brothers and a sister.

Though, the family was not financially affluent yet all the children were raised in an atmosphere that was full of love and compassion. In order to add to the family’s income, Kalam had to sell newspapers during his early years.

He was an average student during his school, but possessed a strong desire to learn and was very hard working. He loved mathematics and spent hours studying the subject. He pursued his education from ‘Schwartz Higher Secondary School,’ and then graduated from ‘Saint Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli,’ in 1954. He wanted to become a fighter pilot but his dream could not be fulfilled as here were only eight positions available in the IAF and he secured the ninth place.

As A Scientist

In 1960, he graduated from the ‘Madras Institute of Technology,’ and joined as a scientist at the ‘Aeronautical Development Establishment,’ after becoming a member of the ‘Defence Research and Development Service.’ Kalam also worked under the eminent space scientist Vikram Sarabhai while he was a part of ‘INCOSPAR’ committee. Kalam was transferred to the ‘Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)’ in 1969. He became the project head of the country’s foremost Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III). In July 1980, SLV-III deployed the ‘Rohini’ satellite successfully near-earth orbit under Kalam’s leadership.

Kalam was a part of a number of projects, including ‘Project Devil,’ in 1970. Though the project was not successful, yet it laid the foundation for the development of the ‘Prithvi Missile,’ in 1980. He was also associated with ‘Project Valiant.’

In 1983, Kalam returned to DRDO as its chief as he was asked to lead the ‘Integrated Guided Missile Development Program’ (IGMDP).

In May 1998, he played a key role in carrying out ‘Porkhran-II’ nuclear tests by India. The success of these nuclear tests made Kalam a national hero and his popularity went skyrocketing.

As a technical visionary, he made several recommendations in the fields of technological innovations, agriculture, and nuclear energy to make India a developed nation by 2020.

Photo Credit : https://www.naukrinama.com/stressbuster/most-intelligent-persons-in-india/apj-abdul-kalam/

As President

In 2002, Kalam was chosen the Presidential nominee by the ruling National Democratic Alliance (NDA), and he was elected the President. He became the 11 th President of India on July 25, 2002 and served the position till July 25, 2007.

He also became the third President of India to have received ‘Bharat Ratna’ before assuming the office of the President.

Due to his style of working and interaction with common people, especially the youth, he was affectionately called ‘The People’s President.’ According to Dr. Kalam, the most arduous decision he had taken during his tenure was that of signing the ‘Office of Profit Bill.’

During his tenure as President, he faced criticism for his inaction in deciding the fate of mercy petitions that were submitted to him. Out of the 21 mercy petitions, he acted only on one mercy plea. In 2005, he recommended for President’s rule in Bihar, which also became a controversial decision.

Photo Credit :http://www.youthconnect.in/2014/11/13/12-rare-stories-about-dr-apj-abdul-kalam-will-make-your-day-today/

As An Academician

After the end of his presidential term, he became a visiting professor at the ‘Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Ahemdabad,’ ‘Indian Institute of Management ((IIM), Indore,’ and the ‘Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Shillong.’ He served as a professor of Aerospace Engineering at Anna University, as chancellor at the ‘Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram,’ an honorary fellow of ‘Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore,’ and an adjunct at a number of other research and academic institutes across the country. He also taught technology at ‘Anna University,’ and ‘Banaras Hindu University,’ and taught information technology at the ‘International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), Hyderabad.’

With an aim to defeat corruption and bring efficiency, Kalam launched a program for the youth, called ‘What Can I Give Movement,’ in 2012.

Photo Credit : http://ias.kgisl.com/apj-abdul-kalam-sir-speech/

Awards and Achievements

• Kalam was honoured with the prestigious ‘Bharat Ratan,’ ‘Padma Vibhushan,’ and ‘Padma Bhushan’ from the Government of India.
• He was bestowed upon the ‘Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration’ by the Government of India in 1997.
• He was the recipient of Veer Savarkar Award.
• In 2000, he was bestowed with ‘Ramanujan Award’ by the ‘Alwars Research Centre.’
• In 2007, he received the ‘Kings Charles II Medal’ from the Royal Society.
• The ASME Foundation, USA, honoured Kalam with the Hoover Medal.
• He also received honorary doctorate from 40 universities.
• The United Nations recognized Kalam’s 79 th birthday as World Students’ Day.
• In 2003 and 2006, he was nominated for the ‘MTV Youth Icon of the Year.’

Kalam went to IIM Shillong to deliver a lecture on ‘Creating a Livable Planet Earth,’ on July 27, 2015. While climbing a flight of stairs, he expressed some discomfort, but made his way to the auditorium. Only five minutes into the lecture, around 6:35pm IST, he collapsed in the lecture hall. He was taken to ‘Bethany Hospital’ in a critical condition. He was kept in the intensive care unit but lacked signs of life. At 7:45pm IST, he was declared dead due to cardiac arrest.

Kalam’s body was airlifted in an Indian Air Force helicopter and was flown to New Delhi on July 28. Numerous dignitaries and masses paid homage to him at his residence at 10 Rajaji Marg. Kalam’s body, wrapped in the national flag, was then flown to the town of Mandapam, from where an army truck took it to his home town of Rameswaram. His body was displayed at Rameswaram in front of a bus station to allow people to pay their last respect to the departed soul. On July 30, 2015, the former President was laid to rest with full state honours at Rameswaram’s Pei Karumbu Ground. Kalam’s last rites were attended by more than 350,000 people.

Photo Credit : http://agnicollege.blogspot.com/2015/04/dr-kalam-hails-agnis-ignite-2015-step.html

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam and the Youth

Destiny was seen being benevolent when death beseeched Kalam while he was doing what he wanted to do throughout his life – sharing knowledge. Kalam took the final gasp doing what he loved most, and amongst those whom he loved the most – the youth. His life became a paradigm for the youth of the country. He became a role model and inspiration for the younger generation due to his humble nature, simple and easy going personality, and his ability to connect with young minds.

His Writings

Dr Kalam authored and co-authored a number of instructional and inspirational books, including ‘India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium,’ ‘Wings of Fire,’ ‘The Luminous Sparks: A Biography in Verse and Colours,’ ‘Mission of India: A Vision of Indian Youth,’ ‘You Are Born To Blossom,’ ‘Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power within India,’ ‘Guiding Souls,’ ‘Inspiring Thoughts,’ ‘Turning Points: A Journey Through Challenges,’ ‘Transcendence My Spiritual Experiences,’ ‘Beyond 2020: A Vision for Tomorrow’s India,’ and various others.

Photo Credit : https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/a-p-j-abdul-kalam-590.php

Interesting Facts About Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam

• A man who spent approximately five decades in public service that included one stint as ‘The President,’ Kalam owned precious little. He owned no property, TV, fridge, car, AC, but owned approximately 2,500 books, six shirts, a pair of shoes, a wristwatch, four trousers and three suits.
• He never accepted any gifts from anyone, except books.
• He never charged any fee for the lectures that he delivered within or outside the country.
• His love for technology is no secret and he kept an eye on all the latest developments primarily through radio.
• He was a vegetarian and was always happy with what he was served.
• He was a pious soul and particular about his morning prayer, which he never missed.
• He was never seen wearing his religion on his sleeves nor was he seen playing up his humble origins.
• He never wrote his will. However, whatever was left behind was to be given to his elder brother and to grandchildren. Kalam always called his elder brother before going or returning from a significant assignment.
• His autobiography ‘Wings of Fire,’ was initially published in English but has been translated into thirteen languages, including Chinese and French.
• In 2011, Nila Madhab Panda directed a movie based on the life of Kalam, titled, ‘I Am Kalam.’
• Mathematics and Physics were his favourite subjects.

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DR APJ ABDUL KALAM - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

DR APJ ABDUL KALAM

Biography of apj abdul kalam – powerpoint ppt presentation.

• BY ADNAN MOHAMMED ALI
• Full name Dr Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam
• Born on15th Oct 1931,at Dhanushkodi in Rameswaram District, Tamil Nadu
• Father Jainulabdeen Marakayar,
• MotherAshiamma
• Has three siblings
• A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was born to Jainulabdeen and Ashiamma on October 15, 1931. He came from a famil y whose financial conditions werent sound enough. As a means to support his familys meagre income, Kalam took up odd jobs in his childhood but neve r gave up on his education
• Primary education was from Rameshwaram elementary school.
• Later he settled in schwartz, Ramanathapuram
• In 1950 he joined St Joseph college at Tiruchirapalli to do B.Sc.
• He joined DMIT in Aeronautical Engineering at MIT Madras Institute of Technology ,Madras (1954-1957)
• In 1958,after passing as a graduate, aeronautical engineer,
• He joined Hindustan Aeronautical Limited(HAL),Bangalore as a trainee.
• After graduating from MIT, Kalam took up the posit ion of chief scientist at the Aeronautical Develop ment Establishment of Defense Research
• shifted to the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) where he was the project director of India's first indigenous S atellite Launch Vehicle. and Development Organization (DRDO)
• From 1992 until 1999, Kalam was appointed as the C hief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister and the Secretary of Defence Research and Development Organisation. It was during this time that Kalam s erved as the Chief Project Coordinator for Pokhra n II nuclear tests, after which he was fondly call ed the Missile Man of India.
• The 5 projects were scheduled to be completed in a time frame of only 10 years and consisted of
• (1) Nag - an anti-tank guided missile
• (2) Prithvi - a surface-to-surface battlefield missile
• (3) Akash - a swift, medium-range surface-to-air missile
• (4) Trishul - a quick-reaction surface-to-air missile with a shorter range
• (5) Agni - an intermediate range ballistic missile, the mightiest
• Dr.A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was elected as the 11TH president of India, succeeding K.R. Narayanan. He won the 2002 presidential election with an electoral vote of 922,884, surpassing 107,366 votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal. He served from 25 July 2002 to 25 July 2007.
• Wings Of Fire An Autobiography by A. P. J Abdul Kalam 1999.
• India 2020 A Vision For the New Millennium by A. P. J Abdul Kalam 1998.
• Ignited Minds Unleashing the Power Within India by A. P.J. Abdul Kalam 2002.
• The Luminous Sparks by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam 2004.
• Mission India by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
• Inspiring Thoughts by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam 2007
• Developments in Fluid Mechanics and Space Technology by A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
• Kalam begins his day by reading from the Bhagwad Gita.
• Kalam is leading a remarkable ascetic life.
• He works for about 18 hours each day.
• He plays the 'Rudra Veena'.
• Took leave just twice, when his parents died.
• Inherited Honesty,self discipline,and Faith in Goodness from his parents
• Hard Working
• Possess Perseverance
• Passionate for the work
• Highly spiritual
• Loving and caring
• Committed and dedicated for work
• Positive thinker
• On 27 July 2015, Kalam travelled to Shillong to deliver a lecture on "Creating a Liveable Planet Earth" at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong. At around 635 p.m. IST, only five minutes into his lecture, he collapsed. He was rushed to the nearby Bethany Hospital in a critical condition upon arrival, he lacked a pulse or any other signs of life. Despite being placed in the intensive care unit, Kalam was confirmed dead of a sudden cardiac arrest at 745 p.m. IST
• Thinking should become your capital asset, no matter whatever ups and downs you come across in your life.
• Away! Fond thoughts, and vex my soul no more! Work claimed my wakeful nights, my busy days Albeit brought memories of Rameswaram shore Yet haunt my dreaming gaze!
• My worthiness is all my doubt His Merit- all my fear- Contrasting which my quality Does however appear.
• Thinking is progress. Non-thinking is stagnation of the individual, organization and the country. Thinking leads to action. Knowledge without action is useless and irrelevant. Knowledge with action, converts adversity into prosperity

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APJ Abdul Kalam, India's cherished president and distinguished scientist, encapsulates a journey of humility, dedication, and vision. Known as the 'People's President' and 'Missile Man of India', Kalam’s scientific endeavors and insights into humanity have left an indelible mark on India's space and missile programs. This presentation not only chronicles the life of a visionary scientist but also delves into his passion for youth empowerment and a developed India. The template, a treasure for educators and motivational speakers, seamlessly blends Kalam’s personal anecdotes with his professional milestones. Each slide captures his relentless pursuit of knowledge and national growth, offering audiences a profound appreciation for his contributions. Adopting this narrative inspires determination and vision, invoking Kalam’s spirit in every attendee.

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A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was an Indian scientist and politician who served his country as president from 2002 to 2007.

(1931–2015)

Who Was A.P.J. Abdul Kalam?

Quick facts, early years, rise to the presidency, death and legacy.

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was an aerospace scientist who joined India's defense department after graduating from the Madras Institute of Technology. He was a central figure in the development of the country's nuclear capabilities and was hailed as a national hero after a series of successful tests in 1998. Kalam served as India's president for one term from 2002 to 2007, and died of a heart attack on July 27, 2015.

FULL NAME: A.P.J. Abdul Kalam BORN: October 15, 1931 DIED: July 27, 2015 BIRTHPLACE: Dhanushkodi, Rameswaram, India SCHOOLS: Madras Institute of Technology, St. Joseph's College ASTROLOGICAL SIGN: Leo

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born into a Muslim family on October 15, 1931, on the island of Dhanushkodi off the southeastern coast of India. He developed an early fascination with flight by watching birds, which developed into an interest in aeronautics after he saw a newspaper article about a British fighter plane.

Despite his modest beginnings – his dad built and rented boats – Kalam was a bright student who showed promise in science and mathematics. He attended St. Joseph's College and went on to earn a degree in aeronautical engineering from the Madras Institute of Technology.

His hopes of becoming a fighter pilot were dashed when he narrowly missed out on a spot with the Indian Air Force. Kalam instead joined the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) as a senior scientific assistant in 1958. After moving to the newly formed Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in 1969, he was named project director of the SLV-III, the first satellite launch vehicle designed and produced on Indian soil.

Returning to the DRDO as director in 1982, Kalam implemented the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program. He then became the senior scientific adviser to India's defense minister in 1992, a position he used to campaign for the development of nuclear tests.

Kalam was a key figure in the May 1998 Pokhran-II tests, in which five nuclear devices were detonated in the Rajasthan Desert. Although the tests resulted in condemnation and economic sanctions from other world powers, Kalam was hailed as a national hero for his staunch defense of the country’s security.

In 2002, India's ruling National Democratic Alliance helped Kalam win an election against Lakshmi Sahgal and become India's 11th president, a largely ceremonial post. Known as the People's President, Kalam set a goal of conducting 500,000 one-on-one meetings with young people over the course of his five-year term. His immense popularity led to him being nominated by MTV for a Youth Icon of the Year award in 2003 and 2006.

After leaving office in 2007, Kalam became a visiting professor at several universities. He formed the "What Can I Give Movement" in 2011 with the goal of creating a compassionate society, and in 2012, his efforts to improve healthcare led to the release of a tablet for medical personnel to use in remote areas.

On July 27, 2015, Kalam suffered a massive heart attack while lecturing at the Indian Institute of Management and subsequently died at the age of 83.

Kalam was laid to rest on July 30 with full state honors in his native Tamil Nadu. In honor of the scientist and former president, the southeast Indian state government of Tamil Nadu created a "Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Award," which recognizes exceptional individuals who promote the sciences, students and humanities. The government has also established Kalam's birthday (October 15) as "Youth Renaissance Day." Discussion about building a large-scale memorial at his burial site is underway.

Among his many accolades, including honorary doctorates from 40 universities, he was granted the Padma Bhushan (1981), the Padma Vibhushan (1990) and the Bharat Ratna (1997) — India's highest civilian awards — for his contributions in modernizing government defense technology. He also wrote several books, including the autobiography Wings of Fire in 1999.

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APJ KALAM - MY LIFE - ILLUSTRATED AUTOBIOGRAPHY

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10 Major Achievements of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (October 15, 1931 – July 27, 2015) , known as Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam , was an Indian scientist who served as the 11th President of India from July 25, 2002 to July 25, 2007 . Kalam started his career as a scientist for the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) designing India’s first indigenous hovercraft . He then moved to Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) where, among other things, he supervised the successful launch of India’s first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-3) . He then returned to DRDO to lead the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP) . Dr. Kalam served as the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister and Secretary of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) from July 1992 to December 1999 . During this period, he supervised the successful Pokhran-II explosions . For his immense contribution in the development of India, Dr Kalam received numerous awards during the course of his career including the Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian honor in India . Know more about the contributions of A. P. J. Abdul Kalam through his 10 major achievements.

#1 HE HELPED BUILD INDIA’S FIRST INDIGENOUS HOVERCRAFT

Abdul Kalam joined the Aeronautical Development Establishment of the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) , right after graduating from the Madras Institute of Technology in 1960 . As a young scientist, he was assigned his first project to design and develop a hovercraft for the country’s defence applications. A hovercraft is an amphibious craft capable of travelling over land, water, mud, ice and other surfaces. After days of hard-work, Kalam and his team were successful in developing India’s first indigenous hovercraft which was named Nandi , the impressive white bull who acts as the vehicle of the Hindu deity Lord Shiva. Project Nandi received massive applause from the then Defense Minister, V.K Krishna Menon, and encouraged Kalam for his future endeavours. However, Project Nandi was shelved as the new government in power didn’t show any interest in the invention.

#2 HE WAS PART OF THE TEAM WHICH SET UP TERLS

Though Project Nandi was put in cold storage, due to it Kalam got a call from the Indian Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) to attend an interview at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) . At the time, INCOSPAR was formed out of the TIFR talent pool. Among the members of the selection panel who interviewed Kalam was Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, the father of the Indian Space Programme and the founder of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) . Dr. Sarabhai took a deep interest in Kalam and selected him as a rocket engineer in INCOSPAR. The team of rocket engineers of which Kalam was a part, set up the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) in 1963 . TERLS is used by ISRO to launch sounding rockets even today .

#3 KALAM WAS THE PROJECT DIRECTOR OF INDIA’S FIRST SLV

In 1969, when INCOSPAR led to the birth of the ISRO, Kalam was transferred there and was initially involved in research about building rockets. In the early 1970s, ISRO introduced its own Satellite Launch Vehicle program owing to geopolitical and economic considerations. It was a program to develop the technology needed to launch satellites . Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam was made the project director of the program. Beginning with mechanical designing to electrical integration , Kalam single-handedly supervised every aspect of the project , which was a massive success . On July 18, 1980, Satellite Launch Vehicle-3 (SLV-3) was successfully launched from Sriharikota range in the Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh . It deployed the Rohini satellite in near-earth orbit . It was the first successful satellite launch that took place on Indian soil and thereby made India the seventh member of an exclusive club of space-faring nations in international society.

#4 HE WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE SUCCESSFUL LAUNCH OF AGNI AND PRITHVI MISSILES

After the huge triumph of SLV-III and dedicating the paramount years of his life to ISRO, Dr. Kalam was issued transfer orders to DRDO, where he was given the responsibility to lead the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP) . According to the instructions of then Defence Minister R. Venkataraman , four missiles were to be developed simultaneously as part of the program. After years of consistent hard work and immense dedication, India got her first range of ballistic missiles , the Prithvi , the Agni , the Aakash , and the Nag . Out of the four, two missiles, namely, Prithvi, the tactical surface-to-surface missile; and Agni, an intermediate-range ballistic missile; were launched successfully . Due to this mammoth achievement under his leadership, India became a major military power and Dr Kalam became popularly known as the “Missile Man of India”.

#5 HE SUPERVISED THE POKHRAN-II EXPLOSIONS AS THE CHIEF OF DRDO

Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam served as the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister and Secretary of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) from July 1992 to December 1999 . The Pokhran-II nuclear tests were conducted during this period and Kalam played an intensive political and technological role in their success . Along with Dr. R. Chidambaram, the Director of the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) , he served as the chief coordinator in the planning of the tests . The Pokhran-II tests, a series of five nuclear bomb test explosions , were conducted at the Indian Army’s Pokhran Test Range in May 1998 . The tests achieved their main objective of giving India the capability to build fission and thermonuclear weapons with yields up to 200 Kilotons . Exclusive media coverage during the event, made Kalam a household name in India and he became the best known nuclear scientist in the nation.

#6 HE SERVED AS THE FIRST PRINCIPAL SCIENTIFIC ADVISOR TO THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

After his retirement from DRDO, Kalam was appointed as the first-ever Principal Scientific Advisor (PSA) to the Government Of India from November 1999 to November 2001 . Principal Scientific Advisor was a Cabinet rank position at the time and was largely created to assist scientific cross-sectoral synergy across ministries, institutions and the industry . During his service period, Dr. Kalam supervised committees making master plans regarding defence, agriculture, healthcare and information technology . Under this esteemed post, he was also responsible for evolving policies, strategies and missions for many developmental applications .

#7 HE SERVED AS THE 11TH PRESIDENT OF INDIA

On June 10, 2002, the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) , the then ruling party expressed their will to nominate Dr. Kalam for the post of President. On June 18 , Kalam filed his nomination papers in the Indian Parliament. He went on to win the 2002 Indian presidential election with an electoral vote of 922,884 as compared to 107,366 votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal . Kalam was the first scientist to become the president of India. During his term as president, he was fondly called the People’s President because of his humility, integrity, vision; and his immense contribution to inspire and nurture the young minds of the nation. Dr. Kalam’s guidelines under the scheme of “Vision of 2020” to make India a developed country has been incorporated under plans of the Indian Government . After the expiry of his term and his unwillingness to contest the election for the second term, Pratibha Patil became his successor as the 12th president of India. Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam served as the 11th President of India from July 25, 2002 to July 25, 2007.

#8 HE SERVED IN VARIOUS EDUCATIONAL CAPACITIES POST PRESIDENCY

After leaving office, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam opted to pursue the field of academics and delved deep into it. In one such pursuit, he joined the Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Shillong , IIM Ahmedabad and IIM Indore as a visiting faculty . Dr. Kalam was also conferred with the honorary fellowship by the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore on the occasion of completing its 100 years. Kalam became the chancellor of the reputed Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST) in Thiruvananthapuram. IIST functions under the Department of Space, Government of India and is dedicated to the study and research of outer space . Moreover, Kalam served as professor of Aerospace Engineering at Anna University ; taught information technology at the International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad ; and taught technology at Banaras Hindu University . Apart from his academic ventures, he initiated a youth-centric program mass movement called “What Can I Give Movement” in 2012 with the main agenda to triumph over corruption and to create a compassionate society .

#9 HE WROTE THE BESTSELLER WINGS OF FIRE

Dr Kalam had always encouraged the young population of India to develop the habit of reading and he penned down many inspirational books that always carried a message for his countrymen and addressed burning issues relevant to India. Some of his notable masterpieces are India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium (1998); Wings of Fire: An Autobiography of A P J Abdul Kalam (1999); Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power Within India (2002); and Target 3 Billion (2011) . Among these, Wings of Fire and Ignited Minds have been bestsellers . Wings Of Fire recount the journey of Kalam from an extremely humble background to becoming the President of India through optimism and hard work. The autobiography was first published in English; and has so far been translated and published in 13 languages including Chinese and French. Ignited Minds delves into the obstacles that are preventing India from rising up to the challenge of development.

#10 HE WAS AWARDED THE BHARAT RATNA IN 1997

Dr Kalam was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1981 and the Padma Vibhushan in 1990 by the Government of India . These are the third highest and the second highest civilian awards in India respectively. He received the Padma Bhushan after the successful launch of SLV-III ; while he received the Padma Vibhushan after the successful completion of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme . In 1997 , Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam received India’s highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, for his contribution to the scientific research and modernization of defence technology in India . Kalam has received numerous other honours including Veer Savarkar Award (1998); Ramanujan Award (2000); King Charles II Medal (2007); International von Kármán Wings Award (2009); Hoover Medal (2009); and Von Braun Award (2013) . Moreover, he has received 7 honorary doctorates from 40 universities . Apart from these prestigious accolades, in 2010, the United Nations declared October 15 as World Students’ Day to commemorate the birthday Dr. Kalam.

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A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

President of India from 2002 to 2007 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam BR ( / ˈ ə b d ʊ l k ə ˈ l ɑː m / ⓘ ; 15 October 1931   – 27 July 2015) was an Indian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th president of India from 2002 to 2007. Born and raised in a Muslim family in Rameswaram , Tamil Nadu , he studied physics and aerospace engineering . He spent the next four decades as a scientist and science administrator, mainly at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved in India's civilian space programme and military missile development efforts . [2] He thus came to be known as the Missile Man of India for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. [3] [4] [5] He also played a pivotal organisational, technical, and political role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by India in 1974. [6]

Kalam was elected as the 11th president of India in 2002 with the support of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress . Widely referred to as the " People's President ", [7] he returned to his civilian life of education, writing and public service after a single term. He was a recipient of several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna , India's highest civilian honour.

While delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong , Kalam collapsed and died from an apparent cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, aged 83. [8] Thousands, including national-level dignitaries, attended the funeral ceremony held in his hometown of Rameswaram , where he was buried with full state honours . [9]

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931, to a Tamil Muslim family in the pilgrimage centre of Rameswaram on Pamban Island , then in the Madras Presidency and now in the State of Tamil Nadu . His father Jainulabdeen Marakayar was a boat owner and imam of a local mosque; [10] his mother Ashiamma was a housewife. [11] [12] [13] [14] His father owned a ferry that took Hindu pilgrims back and forth between Rameswaram and the now uninhabited Dhanushkodi . [15] [16]

Kalam was the youngest of four brothers and one sister in his family. [17] [18] [19] His ancestors had been wealthy Marakayar traders and landowners, with numerous properties and large tracts of land. Marakayar are a Muslim ethnic group found in coastal Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka who claim descent from Arab traders and local women. The family business had involved trading groceries between the mainland and the island and to and from Sri Lanka , as well as ferrying pilgrims between the mainland and Pamban. With the opening of the Pamban Bridge to the mainland in 1914, however, the businesses failed and the family fortune and properties were lost by the 1920s, apart from the ancestral home. The family was poverty-stricken by the time Kalam was born. As a young boy he had to sell newspapers to add to the family's meager income. [20] [21] [22]

In his school years, Kalam had average grades but was described as a bright and hardworking student who had a strong desire to learn. He spent hours on his studies, especially Mathematics . [22] After completing his education at Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Ramanathapuram , Kalam went on to attend the St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli from where he graduated in Physics in 1954. [23]

Kalam moved to Madras in 1955 to study aerospace engineering in Madras Institute of Technology . [14] While Kalam was working on a senior class project, the Dean was dissatisfied with his lack of progress and threatened to revoke his scholarship unless the project was finished within the next three days. Kalam met the deadline, impressing the Dean, who later said to him, "I was putting you under stress and asking you to meet a difficult deadline." [24] He narrowly missed achieving his dream of becoming a fighter pilot, as he placed ninth in qualifiers, and only eight positions were available in the IAF . [25]

This was my first stage, in which I learnt leadership from three great teachers—Dr Vikram Sarabhai , Prof Satish Dhawan and Dr Brahm Prakash . This was the time of learning and acquisition of knowledge for me.

A P J Abdul Kalam [26]

After graduating from the Madras Institute of Technology in 1960, Kalam joined the Aeronautical Development Establishment of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (by Press Information Bureau, Government of India) as a scientist after becoming a member of the Defence Research & Development Service (DRDS). He started his career by designing a small hovercraft , but remained unconvinced by his choice of a job at DRDO. [27] Kalam joined the INCOSPAR , working under Vikram Sarabhai , the renowned space scientist. [14] He was interviewed and recruited into ISRO by H. G. S. Murthy , the first Director of Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) . [28] In 1969, Kalam was transferred to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) where he was the project director of India's first Satellite Launch Vehicle ( SLV -III) which successfully deployed the Rohini satellite in near-earth orbit in July 1980; Kalam had first started work on an expandable rocket project independently at DRDO in 1965. [2] In 1969, Kalam received the government's approval and expanded the programme to include more engineers. [26]

In 1963 to 1964, he visited NASA 's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia ; Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland ; and Wallops Flight Facility . [12] [29] Between the 1970s and 1990s, Kalam made an effort to develop the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both of which proved to be successful.

Kalam was invited by Raja Ramanna to witness the country's first nuclear test Smiling Buddha as the representative of TBRL , even though he had not participated in its development. In the 1970s, Kalam also directed two projects, Project Devil and Project Valiant , which sought to develop ballistic missiles from the technology of the successful SLV programme. [30] Despite the disapproval of the Union Cabinet , Prime Minister Indira Gandhi allotted secret funds for these aerospace projects through her discretionary powers under Kalam's directorship. [30] Kalam played an integral role convincing the Union Cabinet to conceal the true nature of these classified aerospace projects. [30] His research and educational leadership brought him great laurels and prestige in the 1980s, which prompted the government to initiate an advanced missile programme under his directorship. [30] Kalam and Dr V S Arunachalam , metallurgist and scientific adviser to the Defence Minister, worked on the suggestion by the then Defence Minister, R. Venkataraman on a proposal for simultaneous development of a quiver of missiles instead of taking planned missiles one after another. [31] R Venkatraman was instrumental in getting the cabinet approval for allocating ₹ 3.88   billion for the mission, named Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) and appointed Kalam as the chief executive. [31] Kalam played a major part in developing many missiles under the mission including Agni , an intermediate range ballistic missile and Prithvi , the tactical surface-to-surface missile, although the projects have been criticised for mismanagement and cost and time overruns. [31] [32]

Kalam served as the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister and Secretary of the Defence Research and Development Organisation from July 1992 to December 1999. The Pokhran-II nuclear tests were conducted during this period in which he played an intensive political and technological role. Kalam served as the Chief Project Coordinator, along with Rajagopala Chidambaram , during the testing phase. [12] [33] Media coverage of Kalam during this period made him the country's best known nuclear scientist. [34] However, the director of the site test, K Santhanam, said that the thermonuclear bomb had been a " fizzle " and criticised Kalam for issuing an incorrect report. [35] Both Kalam and Chidambaram dismissed the claims. [36]

In 1998, along with cardiologist Soma Raju , Kalam developed a low cost coronary stent , named the "Kalam-Raju Stent". [37] [38] In 2012, the duo designed a rugged tablet computer for health care in rural areas, which was named the "Kalam-Raju Tablet". [39]

Kalam served as the 11th president of India, succeeding K. R. Narayanan . He won the 2002 presidential election with an electoral vote of 922,884, surpassing the 107,366 votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal . His term lasted from 25 July 2002, to 25 July 2007. [40]

On 10 June 2002, the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) which was in power at the time, expressed that they would nominate Kalam for the post of President, [41] [42] and both the Samajwadi Party and the Nationalist Congress Party backed his candidacy. [43] [44] After the Samajwadi Party announced its support for Kalam, Narayanan chose not to seek a second term in office, leaving the field clear. [45] Kalam said of the announcement of his candidature:

I am really overwhelmed. Everywhere both in Internet and in other media, I have been asked for a message. I was thinking what message I can give to the people of the country at this juncture. [46]

On 18 June, Kalam filed his nomination papers in the Indian Parliament , accompanied by Vajpayee and his senior Cabinet colleagues. [47]

The polling for the presidential election began on 15 July 2002, in Parliament and the state assemblies, with the media claiming that the election was a one-sided affair and Kalam's victory was a foregone conclusion; the count was held on 18 July. [48] Kalam became the 11th president of the Republic of India in an easy victory, [49] and moved into the Rashtrapati Bhavan after he was sworn in on 25 July. [50] Kalam was the third President of India to have been honoured with a Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour, before becoming the President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1954) and Zakir Husain (1963) were the earlier recipients of Bharat Ratna who later became the President of India. [51] He was also the first scientist and the first bachelor to occupy Rashtrapati Bhawan . [52]

During his term as president, he was affectionately known as the People's President , [53] [54] [55] saying that signing the Office of Profit Bill was the toughest decision he had taken during his tenure. [56] [57] [58] Kalam was criticised for his inaction in deciding the fate of 20 out of the 21 mercy petitions submitted to him during his tenure. [59] Article 72 of the Constitution of India empowers the President of India to grant pardons, and suspend or commute the death sentence of convicts on death row. [59] [60] Kalam acted on only one mercy plea in his five-year tenure as president, rejecting the plea of rapist Dhananjoy Chatterjee , who was later hanged. [59] Perhaps the most notable plea was from Afzal Guru , a Kashmiri terrorist who was convicted of conspiracy in the December 2001 attack on the Indian Parliament and was sentenced to death by the Supreme Court of India in 2004. [60] While the sentence was scheduled to be carried out on 20 October 2006, the pending action on his mercy plea resulted in him remaining on death row. [60] He also took the controversial decision to impose President's Rule in Bihar in 2005. [61]

In September 2003, in an interactive session in PGI Chandigarh , Kalam supported the need of Uniform Civil Code in India, keeping in view the population of the country. [62] [63] [64] [65]

At the end of his term, on 20 June 2007, Kalam expressed his willingness to consider a second term in office provided there was certainty about his victory in the 2007 presidential election . [66] However, two days later, he decided not to contest the Presidential election again stating that he wanted to avoid involving Rashtrapati Bhavan from any political processes. [67] He was proposed by third front named United National Progressive Alliance leader J. Jayalalithaa and coordinator Chandrababu Naidu other leaders Mulayam Singh Yadav and Om Prakash Chautala , but he did not have the support of the left parties, Shiv Sena and UPA constituents , to receive a renewed mandate. [68] [69]

Nearing the expiry of the term of the 12th President Pratibha Patil on 24 July 2012, media reports in April claimed that Kalam was likely to be nominated for his second term. [70] [71] [72] After the reports, social networking sites witnessed a number of people supporting his candidature. [73] [74] The BJP potentially backed his nomination [ failed verification ] , saying that the party would lend their support if the Trinamool Congress , Samajwadi Party and Indian National Congress proposed him for the 2012 presidential election . [75] [76] A month ahead of the election, Mulayam Singh Yadav and Mamata Banerjee also expressed their support for Kalam. [77] Indian National Congress opposed the nomination of Kalam in 2012. [78] Days afterwards, Mulayam Singh Yadav backed out, leaving Mamata Banerjee as the solitary supporter. [79] On 18 June 2012, Kalam declined to contest the 2012 presidential poll. He said of his decision not to do so:

Many, many citizens have also expressed the same wish. It only reflects their love and affection for me and the aspiration of the people. I am really overwhelmed by this support. This being their wish, I respect it. I want to thank them for the trust they have in me. [80]

After leaving office, Kalam became a visiting professor at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong , the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad , and the Indian Institute of Management Indore ; an honorary fellow of Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore ; [81] chancellor of the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram ; professor of Aerospace Engineering at Anna University ; and an adjunct at many other academic and research institutions across India. He taught information technology at the International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad , and technology at Banaras Hindu University and Anna University. [82]

In 2011, Kalam was criticised by civil groups over his stand on the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant ; he supported the establishment of the nuclear power plant and was accused of not speaking with the local people. [83] The protesters were hostile to his visit as they saw him as a pro-nuclear scientist and were unimpressed by the assurances he provided regarding the safety features of the plant. [84]

In May 2012, Kalam launched a programme for the youth of India called the What Can I Give Movement , with a central theme of defeating corruption. [85] [86]

On 27 July 2015, Kalam travelled to Shillong to deliver a lecture on "Creating a Livable Planet Earth" at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong . While climbing a flight of stairs, he experienced some discomfort, but was able to enter the auditorium after a brief rest. [87] At around 6:35   p.m. IST , only five minutes into his lecture, he collapsed. [88] [89] He was rushed to the nearby Bethany Hospital in a critical condition; upon arrival, he lacked a pulse or any other signs of life. [88] Despite being placed in the intensive care unit , Kalam was confirmed dead of a sudden cardiac arrest at 7:45   p.m. IST . [88] [90] [91] His last words, to his aide Srijan Pal Singh , were reportedly: "Funny guy! Are you doing well?" [92]

Following his death, Kalam's body was airlifted in an Indian Air Force helicopter from Shillong to Guwahati, from where it was flown to New Delhi on the morning of 28 July in an air force C-130J Hercules. The flight landed at Palam Air Base that afternoon and was received by the then President Pranab Mukherjee , the then Vice-President Hamid Ansari , the Prime Minister Narendra Modi , Chief Minister of Delhi Arvind Kejriwal , and the three service chiefs of the Indian Armed Forces , who laid wreaths on Kalam's body. [93] His body was then placed on a gun carriage draped with the Indian flag and taken to his Delhi residence at 10 Rajaji Marg; there, the public and numerous dignitaries paid homage, including former prime minister Manmohan Singh , Congress President Sonia Gandhi and Vice-president Rahul Gandhi , and Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav . [94]

On the morning of 29 July, Kalam's body, wrapped in the Indian flag, was taken to Palam Air Base and flown to Madurai in an air force C-130J aircraft, arriving at Madurai Airport that afternoon. His body was received at the airport by the three service chiefs and national and state dignitaries, including cabinet ministers Manohar Parrikar , Venkaiah Naidu , Pon Radhakrishnan and the governors of Tamil Nadu and Meghalaya, K Rosaiah and V. Shanmuganathan . After a brief ceremony, Kalam's body was flown by air force helicopter to the town of Mandapam , from where it was taken in an army truck to his hometown of Rameswaram. Upon arriving at Rameswaram, his body was displayed in an open area in front of the local bus station to allow the public to pay their final respects until 8   p.m. that evening. [95] [96]

On 30 July 2015, the former president was laid to rest at Rameswaram 's Pei Karumbu Ground with full state honours. Over 350,000 people attended the last rites, including the Prime Minister, the governor of Tamil Nadu and the chief ministers of Karnataka, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh. [97] [98]

India reacted to Kalam's death with an outpouring of grief; numerous tributes were paid to the former president across the nation and on social media. [99] The Government of India declared a seven-day state mourning period as a mark of respect. [100] President Pranab Mukherjee , Vice-president Hamid Ansari , Home Minister Rajnath Singh , and other leaders condoled the former President's demise. [90] Prime Minister Narendra Modi said "Kalam's death is a great loss to the scientific community. He took India to great heights. He showed the way." [101] Former Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh, who had served as prime minister under Kalam, said, "our country has lost a great human being who made phenomenal contributions to the promotion of self-reliance in defence technologies. I worked very closely with Dr. Kalam as prime minister and I greatly benefited from his advice as president of our country. His life and work will be remembered for generations to come." [102] ISRO chairman A. S. Kiran Kumar called his former colleague "a great personality and a gentleman", while former chairman G. Madhavan Nair described Kalam as "a global leader" for whom "the downtrodden and poor people were his priority. He always had a passion to convey what is in his mind to the young generation", adding that his death left a vacuum which none could fill. [103] [104]

South Asian leaders expressed condolences and lauded the late statesman. The Bhutanese government ordered the country's flags to fly at half-staff to mourn Kalam's death and lit 1000 butter lamps in homage. Bhutanese Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay expressed deep sadness, saying Kalam "was a leader greatly admired by all people, especially the youth of India who have referred to him as the people's President". [105] Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina described Kalam as "a rare combination of a great statesman, acclaimed scientist, and a source of inspiration to the young generation of South Asia" and termed his death an "irreparable loss to India and beyond". Bangladesh Nationalist Party chief Khaleda Zia said "as a nuclear scientist, he engaged himself in the welfare of the people". Ashraf Ghani , the President of Afghanistan , called Kalam "an inspirational figure to millions of people," noting that "we have a lot to learn from his life". Nepalese Prime Minister Sushil Koirala recalled Kalam's scientific contributions to India: "Nepal has lost a good friend and I have lost an honoured and ideal personality." The President of Pakistan , Mamnoon Hussain , and Prime Minister of Pakistan Nawaz Sharif also expressed their grief and condolences on his death. [106] [107] [108] The President of Sri Lanka , Maithripala Sirisena , also expressed his condolences. "Dr. Kalam was a man of firm conviction and indomitable spirit, and I saw him as an outstanding statesman of the world. His death is an irreparable loss not only to India but to the entire world." [109] Maldivian President Abdulla Yameen and Vice-president Ahmed Adeeb condoled Kalam's death, with Yameen naming him as a close friend of the Maldives who would continue to be an inspiration to Indians and generations of South Asians. Former President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom , who had made an official visit to India during Kalam's presidency, termed his demise as a great loss to all of humankind. [110] The Commander-in-Chief of the Myanmar Armed Forces , Senior General Min Aung Hlaing , expressed condolences on behalf of the Myanmar government. [111] The Dalai Lama expressed his sadness and offered condolences and prayers, calling Kalam's death "an irreparable loss". [112]

Kathleen Wynne , the Premier of Ontario , which Kalam had visited on numerous occasions, expressed "deepest condolences ... as a respected scientist, he played a critical role in the development of the Indian space programme. As a committed educator, he inspired millions of young people to achieve their very best. And as a devoted leader, he gained support both at home and abroad, becoming known as 'the people's President'. I join our Indo – Canadian families, friends, and neighbours in mourning the passing of this respected leader." [113] United States President Barack Obama extended "deepest condolences to the people of India on the passing of former Indian President Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam", and highlighted his achievements as a scientist and as a statesman, notably his role in strengthening US–India relations and increasing space co-operation between the two nations. "Suitably named 'the People's President', Dr. Kalam's humility and dedication to public service served as an inspiration to millions of Indians and admirers around the world." [114]

Russian President Vladimir Putin expressed sincere condolences and conveyed his sympathy and support "to the near and dear ones of the deceased leader, to the government, and entire people of India". He remarked on Kalam's outstanding "personal contribution to the social, economic, scientific, and technical progress of India and in ensuring its national security," adding that Kalam would be remembered as a "consistent exponent of closer friendly relations between our nations, who has done a lot for cementing mutually beneficial Russian – Indian cooperation." [115] Other international leaders—including former Indonesian president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono , Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak , Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong , President of the United Arab Emirates Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan , and vice-president and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates and emir of Dubai Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum —also paid tribute to Kalam. [116] [117] In a special gesture, Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon visited the Permanent Mission of India to the UN and signed a condolence book. "The outpouring of grief around the world is a testament of the respect and inspiration he has garnered during and after his presidency. The UN joins the people of India in sending our deepest condolences for this great statesman. May he rest in peace and eternity", Ban wrote in his message. [118]

The Dr. A.   P.   J. Abdul Kalam National Memorial [119] was built in memory of Kalam by the DRDO in Pei Karumbu, in the island town of Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. It was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in July 2017. [120] [121] On display are the replicas of rockets and missiles which Kalam had worked with. Acrylic paintings about his life are also displayed along with hundreds of portraits depicting the life of the mass leader. There is a statue of Kalam in the entrance showing him playing the Veena . There are two other smaller statues of the leader in sitting and standing posture. [122]

Kalam was the youngest of five siblings, the eldest of whom was a sister, Asim Zohra ( died "}]]}">d.   1997 ), followed by three elder brothers: Mohammed Muthu Meera Lebbai Maraikayar (5 November 1916 – 7 March 2021), [123] [124] Mustafa Kalam ( died "}]]}">d.   1999 ) and Kasim Mohammed ( died "}]]}">d.   1995 ). [125] He was extremely close to his elder siblings and their extended families throughout his life, and would regularly send small sums of money to his older relations, himself remaining a lifelong bachelor. [125] [126]

Kalam was noted for his integrity and his simple lifestyle. [126] [127] He never owned a television, and was in the habit of rising at 6:30 or 7   a.m. and sleeping by 2   a.m. [128] His few personal possessions included his books, his veena , some articles of clothing, a CD player and a laptop; at his death, he left no will, and his possessions went to his eldest brother, who survived him. [129] [130]

Religion and spirituality were very important to Kalam throughout his life. [131] He made his own spiritual journey the subject of his final book, Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji . [132] [133]

Daily namaz and fasting during Ramadan were integral to the life of Kalam, a practising Sunni Muslim . [10] [134] [135] His father, the imam of a mosque in his hometown of Rameswaram, had strictly instilled these Islamic customs in his children. [10] His father had also impressed upon the young Kalam the value of interfaith respect and dialogue. As Kalam recalled: "Every evening, my father A.   P. Jainulabdeen, an imam, Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry, the head priest of the Ramanathaswamy Hindu temple, and a church priest used to sit with hot tea and discuss the issues concerning the island." [132] [136] Such early exposure convinced Kalam that the answers to India's multitudinous issues lay in "dialogue and cooperation" among the country's religious, social, and political leaders. [134] Moreover, since Kalam believed that "respect for other faiths" was one of the key cornerstones of Islam , he was fond of saying: "For great men, religion is a way of making friends; small people make religion a fighting tool." [137]

One component of Kalam's widespread popularity among diverse groups in India, and an enduring aspect of his legacy, is the syncretism he embodied in appreciating various elements of the many spiritual and cultural traditions of India. [134] [135] [138] [139] In addition to his faith in the Quran and Islamic practice, Kalam was well-versed in Hindu traditions; he learnt Sanskrit , [140] [141] read the Bhagavad Gita [142] [143] and he was a vegetarian. [144] Kalam also enjoyed writing Tamil poetry, playing the veena (an Indian string instrument), [145] and listening to Carnatic devotional music every day. [135] In 2002, in one of his early speeches to Parliament after becoming president, he reiterated his desire for a more united India, stating that "during the last one year I met a number of spiritual leaders of all religions ... and I would like to endeavour to work for bringing about unity of minds among the divergent traditions of our country". [138] Describing Kalam as a unifier of diverse traditions, Congress leader Shashi Tharoor stated, "Kalam was a complete Indian, an embodiment of the eclecticism of India's heritage of diversity". [135] BJP leader L. K. Advani concurred that Kalam was "the best exemplar of the Idea of India, one who embodied the best of all the cultural and spiritual traditions that signify India's unity in immense diversity. This was most strikingly evident in the second-to-last book he published, presciently titled Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swami ". [139]

Pramukh Swami as Guru

Kalam's desire to meet spiritual leaders to help create a more prosperous, spiritual, and unified India was what initially led him to meet Pramukh Swami , the Hindu guru of the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya , who Kalam would come to consider his ultimate spiritual teacher and guru. [132] [134] The first of eight meetings between Kalam and Pramukh Swami over a fourteen-year period took place on 30 June 2001, in New Delhi, during which Kalam described being immediately drawn to Pramukh Swami's simplicity and spiritual purity. [146] Kalam stated that he was inspired by Pramukh Swami throughout their numerous interactions. One such incident occurred the day following the terrorist attack on BAPS ' Akshardham, Gandhinagar complex in September 2002; Pramukh Swami prayed for, and sprinkled holy water upon, the sites of all of the deceased, including the terrorists, demonstrating the view that all human life is sacred. Kalam recalled being moved by Pramukh Swami's equanimity and compassion, citing this incident as one of his motivations for writing Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji . [147] Summarising the effect that Pramukh Swami had on him, Kalam stated that "[Pramukh Swami] has indeed transformed me. He is the ultimate stage of the spiritual ascent in my life ... Pramukh Swamiji has put me in a God-synchronous orbit. No manoeuvres are required any more, as I am placed in my final position in eternity." [134] [148] Following Kalam's death a month after his final book was released, co-author Arun Tiwari pointed to this passage as potentially prophetic and premonitory of Kalam's death. [149]

In his book India 2020 , Kalam strongly advocated an action plan to develop India into a "knowledge superpower" and a developed nation by 2020. He regarded his work on India's nuclear weapons programme as a way to assert India's place as a future superpower. [150]

I have identified five areas where India has a core competence for integrated action: (1) agriculture and food processing; (2) education and healthcare; (3) information and communication technology; (4) infrastructure, reliable and quality electric power, surface transport and infrastructure for all parts of the country; and (5) self-reliance in critical technologies. These five areas are closely inter-related and if advanced in a coordinated way, will lead to food, economic and national security.

Kalam describes a "transformative moment" in his life when he asked Pramukh Swami , the guru of the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya , how India might realise this five-pronged vision of development.   Pramukh Swami's answer—to add a sixth area developing faith in God and spirituality to overcome the current climate of crime and corruption—became the spiritual vision for the next 15 years Kalam's life, which he describes in his final book, Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji , published just a month before his death. [146]

It was reported that there was considerable demand in South Korea for translated versions of books authored by him. [151]

Kalam took an active interest in other developments in the field of science and technology, including a research programme for developing biomedical implants . He also supported open source technology over proprietary software , predicting that the use of free software on a large scale would bring the benefits of information technology to more people. [152]

Kalam set a target of interacting with 100,000 students during the two years after his resignation from the post of scientific adviser in 1999. [22] He explained, "I feel comfortable in the company of young people, particularly high school students. Henceforth, I intend to share with them experiences, helping them to ignite their imagination and preparing them to work for a developed India for which the road map is already available." His dream is to let every student to light up the sky with victory using their latent fire in the heart. [22]

Kalam received 7 honorary doctorates from 40 universities. [153] [154] The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 1981 and the Padma Vibhushan in 1990 for his work with ISRO and DRDO and his role as a scientific advisor to the Government. [155] In 1997, Kalam received India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna , for his contribution to the scientific research and modernisation of defence technology in India. [156] In 2008 Kalam was the recipient of Hoover Medal . [157] And in 2013, he was the recipient of the Von Braun Award from the National Space Society "to recognize excellence in the management and leadership of a space-related project". [158]

In 2012, Kalam was ranked number 2 in Outlook India's poll of the Greatest Indian . [159]

Following his death, Kalam received numerous tributes. The Tamil Nadu state government announced that his birthday, 15 October, would be observed across the state as "Youth Renaissance Day;" the state government further instituted the " Dr. A.   P.   J. Abdul Kalam Award ", constituting an 8-gram gold medal, a certificate and ₹ 500,000 (US$6,000) . The award will be awarded annually on Independence Day, beginning in 2015, to residents of the state with achievements in promoting scientific growth, the humanities or the welfare of students. [160]

On the anniversary of Kalam's birth in 2015 the CBSE set topics on his name in the CBSE expression series. [161]

Prime Minister Narendra Modi ceremonially released postage stamps commemorating Kalam at DRDO Bhawan in New Delhi on 15 October 2015, the 84th anniversary of Kalam's birth.

Researchers at the NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) had discovered a new bacterium on the filters of the International Space Station (ISS) and named it Solibacillus kalamii to honour the late president Dr. A.   P.   J. Abdul Kalam. [162]

Several educational and scientific institutions and other locations were renamed or named in honour of Kalam following his death.

• Kerala Technological University , headquartered at Thiruvananthapuram where Kalam lived for years, was renamed to A P J Abdul Kalam Technological University after his death.
• An agricultural college at Kishanganj, Bihar, was renamed the "Dr. Kalam Agricultural College, Kishanganj" by the Bihar state government on the day of Kalam's funeral. The state government also announced it would name a proposed science city after Kalam. [163]
• India's First Medical Tech Institute named as Kalam Institute of Health Technology located at Visakhapatnam . [164]
• Uttar Pradesh Technical University (UPTU) was renamed A.   P.   J. Abdul Kalam Technical University by the Uttar Pradesh state government. [165]
• A.   P.   J. Abdul Kalam Memorial Travancore Institute of Digestive Diseases, a new research institute in Kollam city, Kerala attached to the Travancore Medical College Hospital . [166]
• A new academic complex at Mahatma Gandhi University in Kerala. [167]
• Construction of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Science City started in Patna in February 2019. [168]
• A new science centre and planetarium in Lawspet, Puducherry. [169]
• India and the US have launched the Fulbright-Kalam Climate Fellowship in September 2014. The first call for applicants was announced on Friday, 12 March 2016, for the fellowship which will enable up to 6 Indian PhD students and post-doctoral researchers to work with US host institutions for a period of 6–12 months. The fellowship will be operated by the binational US-India Educational Foundation (USIEF) under the Fulbright programme. [170]
• Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Planetarium in Burla, Sambalpur , Odisha was named after him.
• Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Lecture Theatre Complex at Netaji Subhas University of Technology . [171]

Wheeler Island, a national missile test site in Odisha, was renamed Abdul Kalam Island in September 2015. [172]

A prominent road in New Delhi was renamed from Aurangzeb Road to Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road [173] [174] in August 2015. [175]

Plant species

In February 2018, scientists from the Botanical Survey of India named a newly found plant species as Drypetes kalamii , in his honour. [176]

In 2022 a newly discovered species of footballfish , Himantolophus kalami was named in Kalam's honour. [177]

Other awards and honours

• Developments in Fluid Mechanics and Space Technology by A P J Abdul Kalam and Roddam Narasimha ; Indian Academy of Sciences , 1988. [201]
• India 2020 : A Vision for the New Millennium by A P J Abdul Kalam, Y. S. Rajan ; New York, 1998. [202]
• Wings of Fire : An Autobiography by A P J Abdul Kalam, Arun Tiwari; Universities Press, 1999. [12]
• Ignited Minds : Unleashing the Power Within India by A P J Abdul Kalam; Viking, 2002. [203]
• The Luminous Sparks by A P J Abdul Kalam, by; Punya Publishing Pvt Ltd., 2004. [204]
• Mission India by A P J Abdul Kalam, Paintings by Manav Gupta ; Penguin Books , 2005 [205]
• Inspiring Thoughts by A P J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons , 2007 [206]
• Indomitable Spirit by A P J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons Publishing [207]
• Envisioning an Empowered Nation by A P J Abdul Kalam with A Sivathanu Pillai; Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi [208]
• You Are Born To Blossom: Take My Journey Beyond by A P J Abdul Kalam and Arun Tiwari; Ocean Books, 2011. [209]
• Turning Points: A journey through challenges by A P J Abdul Kalam; HarperCollins India, 2012. [210]
• Target 3 Billion by A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; December 2011 (Publisher: Penguin Books ).
• My Journey: Transforming Dreams into Actions by A P J Abdul Kalam; 2014 by the Rupa Publication. [211]
• A Manifesto for Change: A Sequel to India 2020 by A P J Abdul Kalam and V Ponraj; July 2014 by HarperCollins . [212]
• Forge your Future: Candid, Forthright, Inspiring by A P J Abdul Kalam; by Rajpal & Sons , 29 October 2014. [213]
• Reignited: Scientific Pathways to a Brighter Future by A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; by Penguin India, 14 May 2015. [214]
• Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji by A P J Abdul Kalam with Arun Tiwari; HarperCollins Publishers, June 2015 [215]
• Advantage India: From Challenge to Opportunity by A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; HarperCollins Publishers,15 October 2015. [216]
• Eternal Quest: Life and Times of Dr Kalam by S Chandra; Pentagon Publishers, 2002. [217]
• President A P J Abdul Kalam by R K Pruthi; Anmol Publications, 2002. [218]
• A P J Abdul Kalam: The Visionary of India by K Bhushan, G Katyal; A P H Pub Corp, 2002. [219]
• A Little Dream (documentary film) by P. Dhanapal; Minveli Media Works Private Limited, 2008. [220]
• The Kalam Effect: My Years with the President by P M Nair; HarperCollins, 2008. [221]
• My Days With Mahatma Abdul Kalam by Fr A K George; Novel Corporation, 2009. [222]
• A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: A Life by Arun Tiwari ; Harper Collins, 2015. [223]
• The People's President: Dr A P J Abdul Kalam by S M Khan; Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016. [224]
• In the 2011 Hindi film I Am Kalam , Kalam is portrayed as a positive influence on a poor but bright Rajasthani boy named Chhotu, who renames himself Kalam in honour of his idol. [225] My Hero Kalam is a 2018 Indian Kannada -language biographical film by Shivu Hiremath which portrays his life from childhood to the Pokhran tests. [226]
• People's President is a 2016 Indian documentary feature film directed by Pankaj Vyas which covers the life of Kalam. It was produced by the Government of India 's Films Division . [227]
• Mega Icons (2018–2020), a documentary television series about prominent personalities of India which aired on National Geographic , based the third episode – "APJ Abdul Kalam" – on Kalam's life and his ascendancy to India's presidency. [228]
• Soorarai Pottru , a 2020 film about the Indian aviation industry had a look-alike of Kalam, Sheik Maideen, portraying him. [229]
• Rocket Boys [230] , an Indian Hindi -language Biographical streaming television series on SonyLIV . The character of Kalam was played by Arjun Radhakrishnan.
• Rocketry: The Nambi Effect , a 2022 film about ISRO espionage case , Abdul Kalam's character is portrayed by actor Amaan. [231]
• 2002 Indian presidential election
• List of presidents of India
• The Greatest Indian
• [1] Appointed for 2002 Presidential Elections as an Independent Candidate; in coalition with NDA, during Vajpayee Government
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• [13] Jai, Janak Raj (2003). Presidents of India, 1950–2003 . Regency Publications. p.   296. ISBN   978-81-87498-65-0 . Archived from the original on 12 October 2013.
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• Official website Archived 27 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine
• Website of Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam during his tenureship as the President of India , hosted by the National Informatics Centre
• A. P. J. Abdul Kalam at IMDb

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``WINGS OF FIRE'': Autobiography of A P J Kalam, India's`` Missile Man'' President

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Abstract: APJ Abdul Kalam is renowned Indian scientist and administrator, who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He is compassionate soul with a beautiful mind. His co-authored autobiography with subordinate Arun Tiwari entitles “Wings of Fire”. His majestic tutelage, within modest means of his Patriarch during infantile years attributes to the grandeur accomplishments in his later life. The episodes from his juvenile ages analyzed and explored to determine the genesis of his acumen and eminence in the present context. Keywords: Genesis, Nurture, Tutelage, Acumen, Eminence, Infantile, Mystics, Attributes, Juvenile, Reconnoitre

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Biography of dr apj abdul kalam..., apj abdul kalam biography .

Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam A Brief Biography

Dr Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam generally called Dr APJ Abdul Kalam turned into a renowned Indian scientist and the eleventh President of India Born on October 15 1931 in Rameswaram Tamil Nadu Kalam grew up in a modest circle of relatives with a deepseated love for studying and an unwavering commitment to serving his usa

Early Life and Education

Dr Kalams early schooling came about in his fatherland where he showed a keen hobby in arithmetic and science He graduated in Physics from St Josephs College in Tiruchirappalli and later pursued aerospace engineering from the Madras Institute of Technology Despite dealing with monetary constraints Kalams dedication and hard paintings enabled him to excel in his studies

Scientific Career

Kalams profession in science began with the Indian Space Research Organisation ISRO and the Defence Research and Development Organisation DRDO He performed a pivotal role inside the improvement of Indias first satellite tv for pc launch vehicle the SLVthree which effectively deployed the Rohini satellite into orbit in 1980 His contributions to Indias missile program earned him the identify of Missile Man of India Under his leadership India evolved several superior missiles such as the Agni and Prithvi series

In 2002 Dr Kalam become elected as the President of India serving a time period from 2002 to 2007 Known for his humility and approachable demeanor he become affectionately known as the Peoples President During his tenure he focused on promoting educational and clinical advancement particularly among young people

PostPresidency and Legacy

After finishing his time period as President Dr Kalam continued to inspire and teach the teenagers via his lectures and writings He authored several books consisting of Wings of Fire an autobiography detailing his adventure from a small city in Tamil Nadu to the heights of national management His vision for Indias development encapsulated in his ebook India 2020 remains influential

Dr Kalam exceeded away on July 27 2015 even as delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong His legacy lives on through his contributions to technology his determination to public carrier and his ability to encourage generations of Indians

Honors and Recognition

Dr Kalams notable contributions were recognized with numerous awards and honors along with the Bharat Ratna Indias highest civilian award His life and paintings continue to be a supply of notion for lots embodying the ideals of tough work integrity and the pursuit of excellence

This biography provides a concise assessment of Dr APJ Abdul Kalams lifestyles and achievements

Early Life and Background

Dr Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam became born on October 15 1931 in Rameswaram Tamil Nadu into a circle of relatives of modest approach His father Jainulabdeen was a boat proprietor and a local mosque leader whilst his mom Ashiamma become a homemaker Kalams early years were marked by way of simplicity and an ingrained experience of spirituality and field His upbringing in a small metropolis with a sturdy feel of community fashioned his values and aspirations

Education and Early Career

Kalams training began at the local school in Rameswaram where he become a diligent student His interest in technology become sparked with the aid of the stories of first rate scientists and the inspiring function of schooling in shaping the destiny After finishing his schooling Kalam pursued a degree in Physics from St Josephs College Tiruchirappalli in which he evolved a profound interest in aeronautics He then persisted his studies at the Madras Institute of Technology MIT in which he specialised in aerospace engineering

Following his graduation Kalam joined the Indian National Committee for Space Research INCOSPAR which later have become ISRO His early paintings concerned designing and developing satellite tv for pc launch motors and contributing to Indias area application

Scientific Achievements and Contributions

Dr Kalams clinical profession is outstanding by his contributions to Indias space and missile programs He played a important role within the development of the Satellite Launch Vehicle SLV which correctly released the Rohini satellite into orbit in 1980 Kalams leadership turned into instrumental in advancing Indias missile technology with key projects which includes the Agni and Prithvi missiles His work earned him the title of Missile Man of India reflecting his pivotal function within the united states of americas defense abilties

Presidency and Public Service

In 2002 Dr Kalam became elected the 11th President of India His presidency became marked by his efforts to bridge the space between the government and the humans emphasizing the importance of education innovation and teenagers empowerment His approachable nature and consciousness on inspiring the younger technology endeared him to the public During his tenure he championed diverse tasks aimed toward fostering technological advancement and socioeconomic improvement

PostPresidency and Educational Influence

After finishing his presidential term in 2007 Dr Kalam dedicated himself to selling schooling and inspiring students throughout the country He took on the function of a visiting professor at various institutions such as the Indian Institute of Management IIM and Indian Institute of Technology IIT His lectures and writings persevered to emphasise the importance of vision perseverance and integrity

Kalam authored several influential books including

Wings of Fire An autobiography that outlines his formative years and the journey of becoming a scientist

India 2020 A vision document that outlines his aspirations for Indias destiny and strategies for attaining countrywide development

Ignited Minds A motivational ebook aimed at inspiring the youngsters to make a contribution to the nations development

Legacy and Honors

Dr Kalams legacy is well known for his amazing contributions to technological knowhow and his enduring affect on the younger era He become commemorated with severa awards which includes the Bharat Ratna Indias maximum civilian honor and numerous other national and global accolades His life and work stay a supply of concept exemplifying the values of tough paintings humility and a dedication to statebuilding

Dr Kalam passed away on July 27 2015 while delivering a lecture on the Indian Institute of Management Shillong His death become widely mourned however his legacy lives on via his contributions to science his willpower to public service and his ability to encourage infinite individuals

In Conclusion Dr APJ Abdul Kalam stays a towering figure in Indian records remembered for his medical achievements his management as President and his unwavering commitment to empowering the adolescents and advancing the country His existences paintings maintains to inspire generations to strive for excellence and make contributions to the progress of society

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