extended essay on maths

Mathematics Extended Essay Topics for IB

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• Writing Metier

Ever felt the exhilaration that comes with cracking a complex math problem? That’s the sheer beauty of mathematics – it’s a world where numbers dance, patterns emerge, and solutions await the keen observer. Felt that? Hah?

Now, imagine channeling that same enthusiasm and zest into your Math Extended essay. It might sound like a challenge, but isn’t that what we thrive on? With the right Math EE topic, you can showcase your mathematical prowess and leave an indelible mark on your IB evaluators following the general criteria. 

To help you with that, I’ve curated a list of Math extended essay ideas that span the spectrum from the accessible to the intricate. 

So, let’s begin.

IB Math extended essay ideas

These aren’t just topics; they’re gateways to exploration, understanding, and innovation. 

Ready to get started?

Easy-to-approach topics

For those looking for a gentler introduction to the Math Extended essay, below is a list of 10 engaging and manageable IB Math EE topic ideas, each with a research question and a brief description on how to approach it:

Patterns in Pascal’s Triangle

Research Question: 

How do patterns emerge in Pascal’s Triangle?

Description: 

Begin with the construction of Pascal’s Triangle, then delve into the exploration of its patterns, such as triangular numbers and the Fibonacci sequence.

Mathematics of Voting Systems

How do different voting systems weigh individual votes mathematically?

Introduce various voting systems, then analyze the mathematical principles behind each, discussing fairness and potential biases.

Geometry in Art

Research Question:  

How is geometry used to create visual appeal in art?

Explore various art pieces, highlighting the geometric principles employed, and discuss their impact on aesthetics.

The Math Behind Baking

How do ratios in baking recipes affect the final product?

Investigate the importance of maintaining specific ratios in baking recipes and experiment with variations to observe changes in outcomes.

Probability in Card Games

How does understanding probability enhance success in card games like Poker?

Delve into the rules of Poker and then analyze various hands and scenarios using probability principles.

Symmetry in Nature

How is symmetry exhibited in natural formations?

Explore the concept of symmetry mathematically and then identify and analyze its presence in various natural formations like leaves, flowers, and animals.

Mathematics of Music

How do mathematical patterns influence musical scales and rhythms?

Investigate the structure of musical scales, rhythms, and time signatures, highlighting the underlying mathematical patterns.

Simple Interest vs. Compound Interest

How do simple and compound interest methods impact savings over time?

Define both interest methods and then use mathematical modeling to compare their effects on savings over various periods.

The Golden Ratio in Architecture

How is the Golden Ratio applied in iconic architectural designs?

Introduce the concept of the Golden Ratio and then analyze its application in various famous architectural structures.

Mathematics of Juggling

How do mathematical patterns and sequences dictate juggling techniques?

Explore basic juggling techniques and patterns, analyzing the mathematical sequences that jugglers use to maintain rhythm and control.

Each of these topic ideas and RQs is approachable yet offers ample scope for exploration and analysis within the realm of mathematics.

Intermediate topics

For those seeking a bit more challenge without diving into the deep end, the topics below offer a balanced blend of complexity and accessibility.

Here’s a list of 10 average-difficulty IB Math Extended essay topics, each with a research question and a brief description of how to approach it:

Game Theory in Economics

How does game theory provide insights into competitive market behaviors?

Introduce game theory principles and use business world case studies to show strategic decision-making influenced by game theory.

Fractals and Nature

How do fractal patterns manifest in natural phenomena?

Description:  

Delve into the mathematical concept of fractals and explore their appearance in various natural settings, such as coastlines, mountains, and plants.

Mathematics of Population Growth Models

How do mathematical models accurately predict population growth in urban areas?

Introduce population growth models and use real urban area data to validate these models, discussing influencing factors.

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Cryptography and Internet Security

How do modern cryptographic techniques ensure data security on the internet?

Explore the evolution of cryptography, focusing on modern techniques, and discuss their role in ensuring data security in online transactions.

Mathematical Modeling of Epidemics

How can mathematical models predict the spread of infectious diseases?

Introduce basic epidemiological models and analyze their effectiveness in predicting disease spread using real-world data.

Topology and Coffee Cups

How does topology explain the mathematical similarity between a coffee cup and a donut?

Dive into the basics of topology and use it to explain the often-cited comparison between coffee cups and donuts, emphasizing the concept of homeomorphism.

Chaos Theory and Weather Forecasting

How does chaos theory impact the accuracy of long-term weather forecasts?

Introduce chaos theory, then delve into its application in meteorology, discussing the challenges and limitations in predicting weather.

Mathematics Behind Neural Networks

How do mathematical algorithms drive the functioning of neural networks in artificial intelligence?

Explore the structure of neural networks and delve into the mathematical algorithms that enable their learning and functioning.

Optimization Problems in Logistics

How can mathematical optimization improve efficiency in supply chain logistics?

Investigate real-world logistics challenges and demonstrate how mathematical optimization techniques can offer solutions.

Number Theory in Modern Cryptography

How does advanced number theory underpin modern cryptographic techniques?

Delve into number theory concepts and their application in modern cryptographic methods, emphasizing their role in ensuring data security.

These topics and research questions offer a balanced blend of complexity and accessibility, making them suitable for students seeking a moderate challenge in their Math Extended essay.

Advanced topics (with potential for higher rewards)

For the brave hearts ready to dive deep, these topics are challenging but can yield impressive results when tackled effectively.

The list of 10 challenging IB Math Extended essay ideas, each with a research question and a brief description:

Navier–Stokes Existence and Smoothness

What are the mathematical implications of the unsolved Navier–Stokes existence and smoothness problem in fluid dynamics?

Delve deep into the Navier–Stokes equations, exploring their significance in fluid dynamics and the challenges surrounding their unsolved problems.

Riemann Hypothesis and Prime Numbers

How does the Riemann Hypothesis relate to the distribution of prime numbers?

Investigate the Riemann Hypothesis, its historical context, and its profound implications for the distribution of prime numbers.

Quantum Cryptography and Key Distribution

How does quantum cryptography enhance security in key distribution?

Explore the principles of quantum mechanics applied to cryptography, focusing on the advantages and challenges of quantum key distribution.

Elliptic Curves and Cryptography

How do elliptic curves underpin modern cryptographic techniques?

Dive into the mathematics of elliptic curves and their pivotal role in modern cryptographic algorithms.

Four Color Theorem and Graph Theory

How does the Four Color Theorem demonstrate the complexities of graph coloring?

Investigate the history and proof of the Four Color Theorem, discussing its implications and challenges in graph theory.

Complex Analysis in Quantum Mechanics

How does complex analysis influence the mathematical foundations of quantum mechanics?

Delve into the principles of complex analysis and explore their applications and significance in quantum mechanics.

Twin Prime Conjecture

What are the implications and challenges of the Twin Prime Conjecture in number theory?

Investigate the Twin Prime Conjecture, its history, and its significance in the realm of number theory.

Knot Theory and DNA Replication

How does knot theory provide insights into the process of DNA replication?

Explore the mathematical intricacies of knot theory and its applications in understanding the complexities of DNA replication.

Ergodic Theory and Thermodynamics

How does ergodic theory connect with the principles of statistical thermodynamics?

Dive deep into ergodic theory, exploring its foundational concepts and its connections to statistical thermodynamics.

Langlands Program and Number Theory

What is the Langlands Program, and how does it seek to unify different areas of mathematics?

Investigate the Langlands Program, its objectives, and its profound implications in unifying disparate areas of mathematics, particularly number theory.

These topics are undoubtedly challenging but can yield impressive results when tackled effectively. They offer a deep dive into complex mathematical concepts and theories, making them ideal for students aiming for the highest grades in their Math Extended essay.

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Overused Math EE topics (proceed with caution)

While these topics are popular, they’ve been explored extensively. If you choose one, ensure you bring a fresh perspective:

• The Fibonacci Sequence in Nature.
• Pi and its Mysteries.
• The Monty Hall Problem.
• The Birthday Paradox.
• Exploring Pascal’s Triangle.
• The Mathematics of the Pyramids.
• The Tower of Hanoi Problem.
• Benford’s Law.
• The Four Color Theorem.
• The Mathematics of the Rubik’s Cube.

Keep in mind that selecting such a topic will require hard work to find a new custom angle of research and sometimes might not lead to higher grades .

In Conclusion

Alright, IB champs, that wraps up our curated selection of Math EE topics, each with its unique flavor and challenge. The topic is just the starting point. The real magic happens when you infuse it with your insights, analysis, and unique perspective. 

Mathematics isn’t just about numbers; it’s about stories and trips within the confines of equations and graphs. As you gear up to tackle your Extended essay, keep that passion alive, keep questioning, and most importantly, enjoy the process. 

Don’t forget to reserve extra space because it may take time to write an extended essay . And if you’re ever in doubt, remember that Writing Metier is here to guide you through every step of the process.

Free topic suggestions

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Vasyl Kafidoff is a co-founder and CEO at WritingMetier. He is interested in education and how modern technology makes it more accessible. He wants to bring awareness about new learning possibilities as an educational specialist. When Vasy is not working, he’s found behind a drum kit.

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