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Shall and shan’t

by stefano | 6 May 2020 | General English , Grammar , Legal English

When making offers and suggestions in questions, we can use shall.

Shall I take that for you?

Shall we go there toda y?

We can also use the negative shan’t.

Shan’t we try?

You shan’t go to the ball!

Employees shan’t work flexi-time during normal times.

Shan’t is a contraction of shall not and is quite formal. More often than not we use won’t as it works in both formal and informal constructions:

They won’t listen to me.

Why wont you listen.

I won’t try that.

Won’t we go to lunch on Tuesday? (more formal)

Shall and shan’t can sound quite formal.

Shall also sounds polite:

Shall I open the door?

Shall I do this?

What shall I do first; this or that?

Questions and suitable responses

Q. Shall I do this? (neutral)

A. You shall (most formal)

A. You could (neutral)

Q. Should one do this?  (very formal)

A. One should (very formal)

A. Maybe/yes/of course (neutral)

Historically shall was used with first person pronouns to form future tenses:

You shall go to the ball! (famous line form a fairy tale and is said for effect)

So, I shall I go to work now. (still used but sounds dramatic)

So I decided, I shall go shopping after work on Friday and then go and have a beer. (again possible to use now but sounds dramatic)

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How about you?  

Using shall or shan’t can you describe your day, week or life in general?

Can you think of any other uses for shall?

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Use of "shan't" in speech

Let's assume that someone says, "I shall do this" to me. As a response or a teasing way, Can I use, "You shan't..!" ?

Well, I used this once - when a friend of mine replied: "Huh?" Is it OK to use "shan't" in speech?

I don't think it's only declared for writing purpose. But, are we using this (in speech)..?

• contractions
• spoken-english

• What have you ever come across in writing that you could not say in speech? –  user6951 Commented Dec 14, 2014 at 23:31
• 1 @CarSmack: Pardon me, I didn't mean that I couldn't say in speech. I haven't heard anyone using "shan't" in their speech. I was just curious about that :) –  Waffle's Crazy Peanut Commented Dec 16, 2014 at 1:39

2 Answers 2

In Present-day US English you may go for years—I mean that quite literally—without hearing shan’t . The only people likely to say it are those with a taste for pre-WWII British literature who have picked it up from their reading.

Note, though, that you may also go for years without hearing anybody say I shall . This use was already defunct when I was a child in the 1950s, despite the efforts of schoolteachers to require shall in place of will in the first person. Today shall is reserved, even in formal writing, for

pronouncements of a legal or quasi-legal character; it no longer signifies ordinary prediction of the future, but future requirement:

The party of the first part shall make an accounting quarterly to the party of the second part.

rhetorical assertion of unshakeable determination:

They shall not pass. I shall return.

ADDED at Peter Shor's suggestion : It's sometimes used in first-person questions as a polite suggestion: Shall we go? or Shall we postpone that til we know more?

So if your interlocutors employ shall , they have no cause for complaint if you call them out by responding with shan’t ; and if they are puzzled, it will give you an opportunity to demonstrate your superior mastery of the English tongue by explaining, condescendingly, what I have set forth above.

• 1 People also sometimes use shall for first-person questions, at least in some areas of the country. "Shall we go?" and "Will we go?" mean quite different things, the first being a suggestion. –  Peter Shor Commented Apr 7, 2013 at 14:30

It’s still used in British English, but perhaps only by an older generation. A typical example might be I’m just going out. I shan’t be long.

Of shall itself, ‘The Cambridge Guide to English Usage’ says

Shall is stylistically marked with volitional meaning in legal and regulatory statements, and expresses politeness in first person questions.

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will, won’t, shall, shan’t

will, won’t, shall (elementary)

• exercise 1 : choose  will  or  shall
• exercise 2 : choose  will  or  shall
• exercise 3 : fill in  will  or  shall
• exercise 4 : fill in  will  or  won’t
• exercise 5 : choose  will  or  won’t

practise using  conditional type 1  (if + simple present, will + infinitive)

• exercise 1 : choose the correct verbs in these conditional sentences type 1
• exercise 2 : choose the correct verbs in these conditional sentences type 1
• exercise 3 : fill in the correct verb forms
• exercise 4 : fill in the correct verb forms
• exercise 5 : fill in the correct verb forms
• exercise 6 : fill in the correct verb forms

useful pages

• exercises for practising  will, would, shall, should
• exercises for practising the future simple (I will go )
• exercises for practising to be going to
• exercises for practising the future continuous (I will be going )
• exercises for practising the future perfect (I will have gone )
• exercises for practising the future perfect continuous (I will have been going )
• exercises for practising conditionals ( if-clauses )

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What does it mean Shan't & won't [closed]

What does it mean and what is different between Shan't & won't I need the answer with example

• 2 What time period and dialect of English are you asking about? In the U.S. today, the difference is that "shan't" is never used, and "won't" is commonly used. If this question was inspired by some uses in context, it would help to give them. –  Peter Shor Commented Aug 4, 2013 at 0:43
• 2 @ geezanansa: If you believe there is only one definition of "shall" and "will", and it is true for the entire English-speaking world, you are incorrect. Shakespeare made one distinction between "shall" and "will". H. W. Fowler and many 19th century inhabitants of the south of England made a different distinction between "shall" and "will" Fowler's distinction makes no sense whatsoever to contemporary Americans, who have mostly stopped using "shall", and the usage has apparently changed in England, so Fowler's advice also no longer applies there. –  Peter Shor Commented Aug 4, 2013 at 1:14
• 1 Apologies. Nice comment. How about adding the historical evidence as answer? My older pocket dictionary does not list "shan't" but newer dictionaries do! –  geezanansa Commented Aug 4, 2013 at 1:21

2 Answers 2

In British English, "shan't" is used as a denial of permission while "won't" is just a statement of fact. In American English, "won't" is used in both cases while "shan't" is very rarely used.

• 1 Well, not exactly "fact". Will is a statement of prediction. And you're correct that American't rarely use shan't . That's because they rarely use shall . In American English, shall is used only in the first person, in two constructions, both indirect questions: (1) in the singular, as an offer to do something for the addressee: Shall I open the window? ; (2) in the plural, as an invitation to participate in some activity with the speaker: Shall we dance? –  John Lawler Commented Aug 4, 2013 at 2:12
• 1 I don't recognise this "Brits use shan't as a denial of permission". In what context? We say "No you won't!" and "No you don't!" , but I never heard anyone outside Victorian period drama on TV saying "No you shan't!" –  FumbleFingers Commented Aug 4, 2013 at 2:24
• @FumbleFingers As in "You shall not do that!" –  TrevorD Commented Aug 4, 2013 at 11:10
• @TrevorD: I know how it used to be used, and what it means . I'm just saying it's antiquated, and very uncommon today - I don't accept katalin_2003's assertion that it's British as opposed to American usage. It's practically archaic , imho. –  FumbleFingers Commented Aug 4, 2013 at 17:29
• @FumbleFingers i never said it's British only. If you read the second paragraph, i said "shan't" is very rarely used in American English. –  katalin_2003 Commented Aug 4, 2013 at 22:37

(To understand the use of shan't and won't let us look at the definition of shall and will.. Please look in your own dictionaries. Additionally have a look at Peter Shor's link in his comment to question. katalan_2003 has hit the nail on the head as shall is used in orders and commands as the definitions in your dictionaries will enlighten you this is the case. I will share usage notes regarding this from my dictionary as observing people being adamant about something which they do not have knowledge of makes them appear deluded.

USAGE: The traditional rule is that when forming the future tense, shall should be used with I and we (I shall be late), while will should be used with you, he, she,, it and they (he will not be there) . However when telling someone what to do or showing determination this rule is reversed: will is used with I and we (I will not tolerate this) and shall is used with you, he, she, and they (you shall go to school). Nowadays people do not follow these rules so strictly and are more likely to use the shortened forms I'll , she'll etc, especially when speaking.

So now we all acknowledge the existence of shall and will and have accurate knowledge of their use we could learn how to use them if we don't already.

An example of using shan't (I shan't be late) An example of using won't (I won't tolerate this)

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Advanced Grammar for IELTS : Modal verbs (3) : will, would, shall

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Updated On Jul 19, 2024

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Table of Contents

• Advanced Grammar for IELTS: Modal verbs (3): will, would, shall – Diagnose Test, Grammar Explanation & Practice Exercises

Grammar Explanation: Modal Verbs (3): Will, Would, Shall

Practice exercise, answer key for diagnostic test, answer key for practice exercise, round up: modal verbs, also check:.

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Advanced Grammar for IELTS: Modal verbs (3): will, would, shall – Diagnose Test, Grammar Explanation & Practice Exercises

Modal verbs are the helping verbs that express ideas like ability, permission, necessity, etc. many of the modal verbs have more than one meaning and are followed by the verb’s simple form. These modal verbs are mainly used for academic writing task 2. You must know where to use these modal verbs to score a better band in the IELTS exam .

Diagnostic Test: Modal Verbs (3): Will, Would, Shall

Complete the sentences with the will, ‘ll, won’t, would, wouldn’t or shall and the correct form of the words in brackets.

• The new play on Broadway is really good, but I don’t like Sean Penn in it. Kevin Bacon__would be__(be) much better.
• We had to hurry to get him to the hospital. We knew it___(be) too late otherwise.
• ‘I wonder where Dad is.’ ‘He___(drive) to the airport, I should think.’
• ‘Oh, dear. The lecture starts at nine o’clock. I’m late!’ ‘Don’t worry. This lecturer’s always late. He ___(not/start) yet.’
• At this point in the season, the parents ____(eat) their young rather than allow a predator to attack them.
• The doctor____(act) as a witness to your signature. She doesn’t mind doing that sort of thing.
• The PA____(not/book) my flights. She says it isn’t in her job description.
• Dad____(always/help) us out financially when we were at university, however difficult it was for him.
• The police interrogated the terrorist for more than four hours, but she _____(not/reveal) the names of her co-conspirators.
• You look tired. ____(I/make) supper this evening?
• What_____(we/do) with Tom if he doesn’t get into university?
• ______(you/be) so kind as to help me across the road, young man?
• We_____(like) everyone in this room to feel comfortable with the proposal.

Circle the correct meaning or interpretation (a or b) for each sentence.

• It would be so nice to live by the sea.
• The speaker lives by the sea.
• The speaker doesn’t live by the sea.
• If anyone rings in the next few minutes, I’ll be in the storeroom.
• I’m in the storeroom now.
• I’m going to the storeroom.
• Ralph isn’t here right now, I’m afraid. He’ll be at the office.
• He is at the office now.
• He’s on his way to the office.
• I’ve tried it again and again but the computer just won’t accept my disc. I don’t understand it.
• I’m annoyed with the computer.
• I am not concerned about the computer.
• It’s a relief that Annie’s changed, class. She would argue with everything I said.
• I didn’t mind the arguments.
• The arguments annoyed me.
• The secretary shall minute the proceedings of each meeting.
• The secretary is offering to do it.
• The secretary is instructed to do it.
• ‘It looks as though the fuel crisis is over.’ ‘I wouldn’t be too sure.’
• The second speaker agrees,
• The second speaker doesn’t agree.
• It would be so nice to have a little cottage in the country.
• The speaker doesn’t have a cottage,
• The speaker has a cottage.
• I would have liked to meet the professor while he was here.
• The speaker met the professor,
• The speaker didn’t meet the professor.

Learners of English often think of ‘will’ as a way of expressing the future and of ‘would’ as a word that is used mainly in conditional sentences, but we use both of these modal verbs to express several other meanings. This unit also looks at ‘shall,’ which, although it is the least-used modal in English, we can use to express a variety of meanings.

Using them appropriately in the  IELTS Writing and Speaking module helps to score under the grammatical accuracy criterion. So, we will delve deep into will/would, shall/should,

• Learn their differences
• When, where and how to use them.

Prediction and Certainty

Predictions About the Future

We use will/won’t to make predictions about the future:

• He’s been found guilty of murder. He’ll be in prison for a long time.
• You must work hard for this exam. It won’t be easy.

Past Predictions About the Future

Sometimes we wish to express a prediction about the future that someone made in the past. For this we often use would/wouldn’t (would is the past form of will):

• We had to hurry to get him to the hospital. We knew it would be too late otherwise.

This use of would is related to the use of would in reported speech:

• I’m sure the Lions will win the rugby series this year. ==> She was sure the Lions would win the rugby series.

Certainty About the Present

We make confident ‘predictions’ about the present based on our knowledge or previous experience (or on current expectations) with will/ won’t:

• ‘Rachel’s in Turkey at the moment.’ I hope she’s taken some winter clothes because they won’t be warm at this time of year. ‘

Compare this use of will and the present simple. We use the present simple to state a fact without expressing an opinion as to the certainty or otherwise of the event:

• Janet isn’t here at the moment. She’s in France. (Fact – the speaker knows it’s true.)

To say that we believe something is certain, we use will/won’t:

• It’s at five o’clock. Janet will be in Paris now. (Certainty – the speaker believes it’s true.)

To express certainty about something ongoing (i.e. where we would use the present continuous for a fact), we use will/won’t + be + -ing form:

• Jason is sympathetic because he knows his successor will be having a hard time at the moment.

Certainty About the Past

To refer to something which we feel certain has happened (but do not actually know), we use will have + past participle:

• We sent the invitations on Monday, so they will have received them by now. Why hasn’t anyone replied?

This is similar to must have + past participle:

• We sent the invitations on Monday, so they must have received them by now.

We use won’t have + past participle to refer to something which we feel certain has not happened:

• We sent the invitations by second-class post. They won’t have received them yet.

Note: We do not use mustn’t have + past participle in this way, but we can use can’t have:

 X We sent the invitations by second-class post. They mustn’t have received them yet.

 ✓ We sent the invitations by second-class post. They can’t have received them yet.

Characteristics, Habits, and Routines

We often use will/won’t talk about actions that have become so routine that they are predictable:

• Every lesson is the same: he’ll sit down, get his books out and then he’ll start giving us instructions. He won’t greet us or show any interest in us.

We can extend this use of will to talk about habits and characteristics:

• The public will always side with the nurses in any dispute.
• The dominant male of the group will not tolerate the presence of other males.

We can also use the present simple to describe characteristics and habits:

• The public always sides with the nurses in any dispute.
• The dominant male of the group does not tolerate the presence of other males.

We often use will when talking about the characteristics of capacity or ability:

• The Olympic stadium in Sydney will hold 110.000 people.
• This model will do 0 to 100 kilometres per hour in eight seconds.

It is also possible to use can and the present simple for these last two uses with no change in meaning:

• The Olympic stadium in Sydney can hold/ holds 110.000 people.
• This model can do/ does 0 to 100 kilometres per hour in eight seconds.

We use will (not the present simple) to describe an annoying habit or to make a criticism:

• We enjoy going out with Frank and Carol, but they will argue in public!

Note: We do not contract well when we use it to describe an annoying habit – we stress it:

X Geoff ’ll leave the lights on when he’s last out of the office.

✓ Geoff will leave the lights on when he’s last out of the office!

We often use will/won’t criticize inanimate objects in this way:

• Whatever I do, my car won’t start the first time on cold mornings.

To state a simple fact with no (or little) annoyance, we use the present simple:

• My car doesn’t start/never starts the first time on cold mornings.

We use would/wouldn’t talk about habits in the past:

• Every lesson was the same: he’d sit down and get his books out, then he’d start giving us instructions. He wouldn’t greet us or show any interest in us.

We can use would/wouldn’t criticize or talk about annoying habits in the past:

• I miss Dad, even though he would always tell me how to run my life!

Note: We do not usually contract would to when we use it in this way; we stress it:

• When Alan was a toddler he would cling on to me whenever a stranger came in.

However, we do not always stress would when it is followed by an adverb:

• My boss was awful: he’d invariably find something for me to do at five o’clock.

We can use would/wouldn’t talk about inanimate objects:

• The car would never start on winter mornings when we were in Sweden.

Willingness and Refusal

Present/Future Willingness and Refusal

We use will to express willingness to do something:

• The doctor will act as a witness to your signature. She doesn’t mind doing that sort of thing.

We can use it to express be willing to. In this sense, we can use will/ won’t in the if-clause of a first conditional:

• If you’ll take a seat for a moment, Mr. Franks will be with you soon. (If you are willing to take a seat for a moment,…)

We use won’t/ shan’t to express unwillingness or refusal to do something:

• The PA won’t book my flights. She says it isn’t in her job description.
• ‘Go and buy some milk, will you, love?’ ‘No, I shan’t. I’m busy.’

Past Willingness and Refusal

We use would/wouldn’t to show willingness or refusal In the past. We use would in the affirmative only to refer to general willingness (i.e. a habit):

• Dad would always help us with our maths homework.

Note: We do not use would in the affirmative to express willingness to do something on a single occasion in the past:

X The tour guide was very helpful. She would contact the Consulate for me when I lost my passport.

✓ The tour guide was very helpful. She contacted I offered to contact the Consulate for me when I lost my passport.

We can use would not for refusal on a single occasion in the past:

• The shop assistant wouldn’t change this jumper for me, even though I hadn’t worn it.

Other Uses Of Will/Shall/Would

Offers and Promises

We can use both will and shall to make offers. We use will in the affirmative, both to make offers to do something ourselves and on behalf of other people:

• Sit down. I’ll wash up this evening.
• Your car sounds a bit rough. Harry will take a quick look at it if you like.

We use shall in questions to make more tentative offers than with will in the affirmative:

• Shall I wash up this evening?

We use will to make promises:

• My government will turn round the economy and reduce unemployment.

We can use would, will or won’t when we offer something to another person:

• Would you have/ like some more of the pie? (neutral)
• Will you have some more of the pie? (neutral)
• Won’t you have some more of the pie? (more encouraging)

Suggestions

We use shall in questions with us to make suggestions:

• Shall we go out for a curry tonight? (= Why don’t we …?/How about …?)

To ask for suggestions or advice, we can use shall with a question word:

• What shall we do about Tom if he doesn’t get into a university?

US English uses should in preference to shall for suggestions:

• Let’s decide what to do this evening. Should we go bowling?

Note: We use shall in question tags after let’s.

• Let’s forget about it now and talk about something else, shall we?

Note: We use would in suggestions or responding to invitations if we want to be more tentative or distant:

• It would be a good idea to get together one evening.
• ‘Come to dinner on Sunday. ’ ‘That would be nice. I’ll let you know.’

We often make requests with a will. These requests are informal and we usually use them only with people we know quite well:

• Will you give me a call when you get to the hotel?

We use would make requests more tentative or polite, or to request things of people we do not know so well:

• Would you lend me the car tomorrow night? Dad?
• Would you fill in this form, please, sir?

We can make a request more insistent by using will you as a question tag:

• Come and look at this, will you?

If we request this way, we do not expect the answer to be ‘no’:

• Pick up my suit from the cleaner’s when you’re out, will you?

Orders and Instructions

We use will and shall for orders and formal instructions. We use shall for more formal instructions, especially in official documents:

• You will/shall all stay behind for thirty minutes and clean this room.

We also use shall/ will for rules, for example of examinations and competitions:

• The judge’s decision shall be final.

Disagreeing

We can use would/ wouldn’t show disagreement politely:

• I wouldn’t say that.
• I wouldn’t go that far.

Expressing Desires and Preferences

We often use would with verbs of liking and preference (like. love, prefer, etc.) to express desires and preferences which we think we can realize:

• We’d love to come to your wedding on 6th September. Thank you for the invitation.
• I’d prefer to lose weight by a tried and tested method than by a new trendy diet.

We can use would with rather to express a preference:

• Our delegates would rather not stay at the conference centre.

Note: Note that we can use an object with these forms:

• I would like you to listen to me when I‘m talking!

Hypothetical Would

Hypothetical Desires About the Present/Future

We use would with be or verbs of liking and wishing to express a desire for the present or future. Fulfilment of the desire is impossible or improbable:

• It would be so nice to live by the sea. (The speaker doesn’t live by the sea.)
• I would prefer to be a man. (The speaker is a woman.)

To state a simple fact, we use the present simple:

• It is nice to live by the sea.

We can use the present simple (like) to talk about something we currently like and do, but we use would like to talk about an unfulfilled desire:

• I like to stay in five-star hotels. (I do stay in five-star hotels and enjoy it.)
• I would like to stay in five-star hotels. (I don’t stay in them, but it’s my desire.)

Wish + would express a desire for another person (not) to do something:

• I wish you wouldn’t talk with your mouth full!

Hypothetical desires about the past

If we want to comment on a hypothetical situation in the past, we use would/ wouldn’t + have + past participle:

• It would have been a good idea to notify us in advance of your intentions. (= The person did not notify anyone in advance.)

Note: British English often uses the perfect infinitive here:

• (It would have been a good idea to have notified us in advance ….)

After the lesson given above on modal verbs, now it’s time to take up some exercises to find out if you are ready to use these concepts in IELTS Writing and IELTS Speaking  like a pro!

Complete these dialogues with a will, won’t, would, wouldn’t, + have if necessary, and a form of the verbs in the box. The first one is given as an example (0).

• ‘Sue says she’s enjoying the job but she’s putting on weight.’
• ‘Yes, that__will be__because of all those long business lunches.’
• ‘Are you having problems with your new camera?’

1. ‘Yes, the flash____in semi-darkness, only when it’s fully dark.’

• ‘Shop assistants used to be more polite, didn’t they?’

2. ‘Yes, a few years ago they____always____”please” and “thank you” and smile.’

• ‘Surely there are too many people here to get on one plane?’

3. ‘No, a jumbo jet____easily____over 300 people.’

• ‘I hope Josh is OK at that summer camp. He might be homesick.’

4. Don’t worry about him. He____a great time!’

• ‘Do you think that the jury will acquit Nick?’

5. ‘I hope so. I’m sure that his lawyer____a solid defence.’

• ‘I don’t think this new secretary is as good as Janice was.’

6. ‘I don’t know. Janice___always____whenever you pointed out errors in her typing.’

• ‘The new horse at the riding stables seems to be working out very well.’

7. Quite well, but he____and eat whenever he gets the opportunity!’

• ‘Oh no, I’ve just noticed a mistake in the headline for the front page article!’

8. ‘Phone the printers. They____printing it yet – they don’t print until early morning.’

• ‘What happened after the car broke down?’

9. Well, we knew that traffic____along that road so late, so we slept in the car.’

• Why are you and Jack arguing so much these days?’

10. ‘He takes me for granted. He____TV every evening and ignore me completely.’

Rewrite the underlined parts of this phone conversation, using a will, won’t, would and wouldn’t.

JAKE: 020 7543 9216.

ALICE: Hi, Jake. It’s Alice here.

JAKE:  Alice, how nice to hear from you!

ALICE: Actually, Jake, I’m phoning to ask you for some advice.

JAKE:  (0) I’m willing to help you if I can, of course. __I’ll help you___

ALICE: Your mother receives help from the Council, doesn’t she? Can you tell me what (1) they agree to do and what (2) they don’t agree to do for older people?

JAKE: Yes, of course. Mum has a home help. She comes three times a week. (3) She’s perfectly happy to do light cleaning and (4) she’s willing to get the shopping, but (5) she refuses to do anything heavy.

ALICE: That’s fair enough. What about cooking?

JAKE: Well, when she first started (6) she was happy to prepare supper when she came, but she stopped that after a few weeks.

ALICE: Why was that?

JAKE: You know my mum. (7) She insists on saying exactly what she thinks. Apparently, the home help used to make Italian food and Mum didn’t like it. (8) She refused to eat it. Why are you asking, anyway?

ALICE:  It’s Dad. He can’t move around very easily now. The neighbours are great, they (9) make a habit of popping in now and again but (10) he’s unwilling to ask them for help if he’s in trouble.

JAKE: Mmm. You can understand that.

ALICE: Oh, but he’s so impatient. I take him to the shops once a week, but yesterday (11) the car refused to start and I was about half an hour late. (12) Was he willing to wait for me? No, (13) he insists on trying to cope by himself! He went to the shops and collapsed on the way there.

JAKE: Oh, dear. It’s a worry, isn’t it? Look, (14) if you don’t mind waiting for a few minutes. I’ll look out the phone number for the right person at social services.

Complete the dialogues below the pictures. Use will, shall or would.

Student 1: Will you pass me the dictionary, please?

Student 2: Yes, here you go.

• Woman: ________
• Friend: I won’t, thanks. I’m trying to lose weight
• Teacher: _________
• Student: Oh, Miss, not another essay for homework! We’ve already written two this week.
• Man: _________
• Women: Oh, yes, please! We always need someone to take the minutes.
• Police Officer: ________
• Thief: Come with you? No, why should I?
• Man: I don’t understand what you want from me!
• Women: ________
• Man: But I do respect you!

Read the article and then decide which word or phrase A, B or C below best fills each space. Circle the letter you choose for each question. The exercise begins with an example (0).

Words, Words, Words

The words that caught the mood of the decade are all there in a book published yesterday – clone, concentration camp, gene, depression – except that was not the 1990s; these words (0)__current in the 1900s.

The Guinness Book of the Twentieth Century cites lists of buzzwords for each decade of the last century. At the outset of the 20th century, few people would have guessed that it (1)___more language change than ever before. Of course, before the days of the communications revolution language evolved much more slowly. Many people today (2)____language not to change at all, but that is an unrealistic dream in the age of the global village.

Words you(3)____every day, such as chatline and trainers, (4)____only thirty years ago. And a word as universal as teenager gained common currency only in the l940s. Words change in meaning too: a scientist in the 1960s (5)____clone to refer only to plants. And anyone who asked ‘(6)____we watch the soap tonight?’ would have encountered total incomprehension before the Second World War. (Soap was what you washed with.)

There is a more worrying side to this if you consider that new coinage reflects the society it comes from. Only twenty years ago few people (7)____stalking, ethnic cleansing or road rage – concepts that the world (8)____perhaps be better without. It (9)____nice to think that the 21st century (10)____us happier words, but don’t hold your breath!

Read the statements from people who have or have had a disadvantaged life. Complete the sentences, expressing the people’s desires and regrets about the past. Use the word in brackets.

• (0) We don’t have running water in our homes. We have to collect water from the stream or from a pipe in the village. (like)
• Aisha __would like to have running water in her homes___
• We live in a wooden shack outside the city. It’s very small but eight of us live in it. It’s my dream to live in a real house. (prefer)

1. Pedro________

• In my country, we have to pay for medicine and a lot of people can’t afford it. The government should provide free medicine. (like)

2. Esther ______

• Every day I go into the town and I begin the streets for money. Obviously I don’t like going begging, but we need the money. (rather)

3. Sun-Li _______

• I wear the same clothes every day. I look at models in magazines and I’m very envious of their beautiful clothes. (be nice)

4. Hana thinks it______

• I live in a village just outside a big city. The village is OK. but rich people from the city come and dump their rubbish in our village. It’s dreadful! (wishes)

5. Sunil _________

• I didn’t go to school. My family couldn’t afford to send me. So now I can only get a badly-paid job. It’s such a pity because I enjoy learning new things. (been good)

6. Maria thinks it __________

There are nine more mistakes in this text connected with the language in this unit. Underline the mistakes and correct them.

• I’ll never forget the day my life changed. It was a normal day – in those days I
• shall do my homework straight after school so that I could go and listen to pop => would
• music at Janice’s after dinner. So I was sitting in front of the fire, trying to keep
• warm. Mum was ironing. I looked at the clock.
• Dad’s late,’ I remarked to Mum.
• It’s Thursday. He’d be visiting Granny.’
• My grandmother lived in a cold, draughty cottage on the moors. Mum and
• Dad wanted her to move in with us, but our house was very small, and she won’t
• They knew that the cold winter months would have hastened her death – she
• already suffered from chronic bronchitis – but she was a stubborn old woman
• who will insist on her independence?
• Won’t it be nice if we had some money? We could buy a big house and
• Granny could have a flat of her own in it. I hate being poor.’
• Oh. pet, I shan’t say we’re poor. We’re not as well off as some, but we’ve
• got a roof over our heads and food in our bellies.’ Mum would always see
• the best in every situation. It really annoyed me! ‘Will I make a nice cup of tea?
• Your Dad would be frozen when he gets in. He’ll want to save the bus fare so
• I’m sure he’s walked all the way from your grandmother’s.’
• At that moment, the door opened and Dad walked in, waving a slip of paper.
• ‘Forget the tea, Mary. We’re going out tonight. First prize in the lottery.
• We’re rich!’
• I’ll be driving
• won’t have started
• will eat/eat
• will act 18
• won’t book
• would always help
• would not reveal
• Shall I make
• shall we do
• Would you be
• won’t work
• would always say
• will easily hold
• will be having
• will have prepared
• would always argue
• wouldn’t come
• they will do
• they won’t do
• She’ll do light cleaning
• she’ll get the shopping
• she won’t do anything heavy
• she would prepare supper
• She will say (exactly) what she thinks.
• She wouldn’t eat it.
• will pop in
• he won’t ask them for help
• the car wouldn’t start
• Would he wait for me?
• he will try to cope by himself
• if you’ll wait for a few minutes

Q 3. Suggested Answers:

• Will you/Won’t you have another piece/some more cake?
• You will all write the/this essay for homework.
• Shall I take the minutes?
• Will/Would you come with us, please (Sir)?
• I would like you to respect me.
• Pedro would prefer to live in a real house.
• Esther would like the government to provide free medicine.
• Sun-Li would rather not go begging in the streets.
• Hana thinks it would be nice to have some beautiful clothes.
• Sunil wishes that rich people from the city wouldn’t dump their rubbish in the village.
• Maria thinks it would have been good to go to school.
• Line 6 He’d be visiting ==> He’ll be visiting
• Line 8 she won’t ==> she wouldn’t
• Line 9 would have hastened ==> would hasten
• Line 11 will insist ==> would insist
• Line 12 Won’t it be ==> Wouldn’t it be
• Line 14 I shan’t say ==> I wouldn’t say
• Line 16 Will I make ==> Shall I make
• Line 17 would be frozen ==> will be frozen
• Line 18 he’s walked ==> he’ll have walked

• Grammar for IELTS
• IELTS Grammar books
• English Pronunciation in use Intermediate pdf

Start Preparing for IELTS: Get Your 10-Day Study Plan Today!

Janet had been an IELTS Trainer before she dived into the field of Content Writing. During her days of being a Trainer, Janet had written essays and sample answers which got her students an 8+ band in the IELTS Test. Her contributions to our articles have been engaging and simple to help the students understand and grasp the information with ease. Janet, born and brought up in California, had no idea about the IELTS until she moved to study in Canada. Her peers leaned to her for help as her first language was English.

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How to use tag questions.

Learn about Tag Questions in English grammar. Clear and simple explanation of meaning and use, with examples.

Forming tag questions

auxiliary verb + subject

• You live in Spain, don’t you?
• You’ re learning Spanish, aren’t you?
• You don’t speak Spanish, do you?
• There is a lot of noise, isn’t there?
• You’ re a little late, aren’t you?
• You want to come with me, don’t you?
• You can swim, can’t you?
• You don’t know where the boss is, do you ?
• This meal is horrible, isn’t it?
• That film was fantastic, wasn’t it?
• The meeting’s tomorrow at 9am, isn’t it ?
• You won’t go without me, will you ?

Additional points

• I’m sitting next to you, aren’t I?
• I’m a little early, aren’t I?
• Let’s go to the beach, shall we?
• Let’s have a coffee, shall we?
• Close the window, will you?
• Hold this, will you?
• Nobody lives in this house, do they?
• You’ve never liked me, have you?
• Nothing bad happened, did it?
• Nothing ever happens, does it?
• Nobody asked for me, did they?
• Nobody lives here, do they?
• You have a Ferrari, don’t you?
• She had a great time, didn’t she?
• You used to work here, didn’t you?
• He used to have long hair, didn’t he?
• You’re moving to Brazil, are you?

Pronunciation

• You don’t know where the boss is, do you ? ↗
• That film was fantastic, wasn’t it ? ↘

Related grammar points

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588 comments

Belal Hossain

May you be happy. What should be the right tag for the statement, please.

Hi, we can’t add a tag to this statement unfortunately.

No brother we can add a tag May you be happy, mayn’t you?

Hi Omar Unfortunately, we can’t use “mayn’t you” as a tag.

Unfortunately, we can’t say “mayn’t you?” – it doesn’t work.

Mrs Patil donated generously What will be its question tag ? And why that answer please explain

Mrs Patil donated generously, didn’t she?

Please help me with this Only 2 days are left, …? Is the correct answer aren’t they or aren’t there?

Only 2 days are left, aren’t they? There are only two days left, aren’t there?

Help me please.

One can do almost nothing without it. What will be its tag question?

One possibility is: “One can do almost nothing without it, can they?” (“can one?” is possible but sounds quite formal.)

Pratilal Chaudhary

What is the question tag for Don’t worry?

Don’t worry, will you?

Jitendra Kumar Singh

Tell the Tag Question of them: 1. You wanted that. 2. He has to work late tonight.

1. You wanted that, didn’t you? 2. He has to work late tonight, doesn’t he?

ASHADULLAH RAFI

1. Here is your shirt, …? 2. He said to me “Never waste your time, …”?

MD.Ashif Kabir

Can’t we use have/has/had as auxiliary verb? If they form sentences as principal verb.

Hi What is the question tag for these sentences: 1 Adam’s broken’s stolen, …? 2 Adam’s broken car’s stolen, …? 3 I think she is a good student, …? 4 There’s been no news, …?

What is the correct question tag? There is a man in the room…..

What is the tag Q here? A: I couldn’t stand my boss. B. couldn’t you? or could you?

Joel uwamahoro

Hi, my questions are the following.

1. Where is the difference between everybody and every person in the tag question? E.g. Everybody can clean the chalkboard, …? Every person can clean the chalkboard, …?

2. How do you say that EVERYTHING takes IT as a subject in tag question? Don’t you understand that there is a plural hidden there?

Help me please!

What a shame!…?

All of us can do it

How odd, …?

The buses aren’t brand new, …?

The rooms aren’t ready for the visit, …?

Please sir convert this statement into a question tag: ‘He never hid.’

“None was said” make it tag

The little girl is playing piano, isn’t she?

Everyone objected to her coming along with us, didn’t they? (Please note the change in the construction of the sentence).

John hardly ever studies, …?

John hardly ever studies, does he?

Sir what will be the tag of all these sentences, please tell me about it so I will be very thankful to you. I have been called by them. I had been invited by them. He has been punished. He was killed by them. They were punished. He will be liked by them. He will have been punished by them. He is liked by us. They are arrested by them. I am loved by them. He is being given money by them. They are being invited. He was being invited. They were being beaten.

I have been called by them, haven’t I? I had been invited by them, hadn’t I? He has been punished, hadn’t he? He was killed by them. wasn’t he? They were punished, weren’t they? He will be liked by them, won’t he? He will have been punished by them, won’t he? He is liked by us, isn’t he? They are arrested by them, aren’t they? I am loved by them, aren’t I? He is being given money by them, isn’t he? They are being invited, aren’t they? He was being invited, wasn’t he? They were being beaten, weren’t they?

God is kind to all, …?

God is kind to all, isn’t he?

‘As you know a doctor’s duty toward his patient is above everything.’ Could you please tell me what the tag question for the sentence is?

As you know a doctor’s duty toward his patient is above everything, isn’t it?

Rabiul Jewel

What is the tag question of ‘Everything depends on the sincerity of the government, …?’

Everything depends on the sincerity of the government, doesn’t it?

What is the question tag of these 3 statement? 1. Everyone has come late today. 2. The audience have taken their seats. 3. Wait for me.

1. Everyone has come late today, haven’t they? 2. The audience have taken their seats, haven’t they? 3. Wait for me, won’t you?

Please help me with this: Are they sleeping?

Hi Emmanuel “Are they sleeping?” is a direct question, so we can’t add a tag. However, we can change it to a statement and add a tag, like this: “They are sleeping, aren’t they?” I hope that helps! Keith

a) Please help me, won’t you? b) Please do not disturb me, will you? c) Please give me a cup of coffee, will you?

Are the above tag questions correct?

Yes, they are correct :-)

Hi. There are few illnesses in modern medicine, … aren’t there or are there? And why? Thank you in advance.

“aren’t there” is correct.

Bibek pandey

Please tell: I am always interested in learning new things, …?

I am always interested in learning new things, aren’t I?

1. Who loves a parental baby, …? 2. The mother roused her, …?

1. Who loves a parental baby, …? This is a direct question so we can’t use a question tag here. To use a question tag, it needs to be a statement.

2. The mother roused her, didn’t she?

Where do we have to use the ‘do’ forms? She needed a pen She has a pen

She needed a pen, didn’t she? She has a pen, doesn’t she?

Francis kapalasa

Am totally confused with your explanation regarding how to form a question tag from a clause. Surely, most of you said, ‘when the clause has main verb, this means, the clause has no other verbs assisting the other one, we use a tag, do/does/did’. My question, why on ‘there is silence, takes ‘isn’t there?’ instead of ‘doesn’t there? What is special with ‘there’ as used in the clause? I have seen other questions of similar nature taking ‘do/does/did’ but not with that one above. Help fast

If the main verb in the clause is “be”, then we use this in the tag. This is the case with “there is”: There is silence, isn’t there?

I’ve updated the post, adding this point.

Suliman Khan

Hi Tag question for She has her hair styled

She has her hair styled, doesn’t she?

Sada kimbengele

May you assist me tag question of this sentence? One of the teachers attended the meeting

One of the teachers attended the meeting, didn’t they?

Md Abdul Based Miah

Always remember breaking a friendship is easier than building it – what will be the tag question, please?

Always remember, breaking a friendship is easier than building it, isn’t it?

Change “there are ten bungalows on this street” to negative tag question

There are ten bungalows on this street, aren’t there?

Kamre Qubad

I mustn’t be late – solve

I mustn’t be late, must I?

Taylor Alison

Hi, I don’t know if you’re still answering the questions. But if you are, could you help with this? When I don’t know the gender of the person I’m talking about, I replace with they? Example: That student has done all the homework, haven’t they?

Yes, you can use “they” if you don’t know the gender of the person.

I have a very good reason for doing so, …? What will be the tag question here?

I have a very good reason for doing so, don’t I?

‘No’ is a word, …? Tag question please

‘No’ is a word, isn’t it?

Ibrahim Ibrahim

My question is: Add question tag (1) He cannot do this to you

He cannot do this to you, can he?

So you haven’t done your homework, …? What is correct tag question here?

So you haven’t done your homework, have you?

I am standing on my chair, …? Bola was going home, …?

I am standing on my chair, aren’t I? Bola was going home, wasn’t he?

(a) Father: What a nice garden it is, …? (b) Son: You are right, father, …? (c) Father: Let’s go closer, …? (d) Son: No, Father. We don’t have enough time, …? (e) Father: Ok. Let’s not go today, …?

What a nice garden it is, isn’t it? You are right, father, aren’t you? Let’s go closer, shall we? No, Father. We don’t have enough time, do we? Ok. Let’s not go today, shall we?

Nikhil kolekar

Will you do the sentence I gave

Hi Nikhil – which sentence do you mean? Could you write it again?

They never meet the minister…?

They never meet the minister, do they?

Kalpita muchhal

(1) Are you happy with me? (2) Someone has shouted my name. (3) You broke the door. (4) You don’t like tea. (5) I didn’t hurt you.

(1) Are you happy with me? – This is already a question, so we can’t a dd a tag question. (2) Someone has shouted my name, haven’t they? (3) You broke the door, didn’t you? (4) You don’t like tea, do you? (5) I didn’t hurt you, did I?

I don’t think he cares, …? What is the tag question?

I don’t think he cares, does he?

Take your certificate, …? I shall arrive on time, …?

Take your certificate, won’t you / will you? I shall arrive on time, shan’t I?

The name of the man who owns your company is Joy, isn’t it? This sentence is correct in meaning and grammar or not. Thanks

Alisha kattel

Well I couldn’t help it We’d never have known The weather’s bad You won’t be late You have a bath daily You couldn’t help me Shut up Change into question tag please

Well I couldn’t help it, could I? We’d never have known, would we? The weather’s bad, isn’t it? You won’t be late, will you? You have a bath daily, don’t you? You couldn’t help me, could you? Shut up Change into question tag please

Yes, that is correct.

Please convert into tag question: He hardly follows traffic rules, …?

He hardly follows traffic rules, does he?

We see that they have little knowledge about games and sports, don’t we? (“We” is the subject”) But you could also say: We see that they have little knowledge about games and sports, do they? (“they” is the subject)

“The child died at the spot” – make tag question

She came since he had called her, didn’t she?

He did nothing, did he?

The buses aren’t brand new, are they?

The rooms aren’t ready for the visit, are they?

He never hid, did he?

None was said, was it? “Nothing was said, was it?” may be better.

Hi Asif This sentence can’t have a tag. Keith

Hi Reshma It’s not really possible to make a tag question with this, but you could say: “How odd, isn’t it?” – This is like saying “It’s odd, isn’t it?” Hope that helps.

I am used to walking in the morning, aren’t I?

Hi Anik, it’s not really possible to add a tag to this sentence. You would need to change it to: “It’s a shame.” The tag would then be “isn’t it?”

All of us can do it, can’t we?

Jane believes that her team members easily won the game because they are familiar with teamwork, doesn’t she?

She said she was happy, didn’t she? She said that she was happy, didn’t she? Congratulations – it is not possible to add a question tag to this. One should always speak the truth, shouldn’t one? – This doesn’t sound very natural, so we might say “shouldn’t we?”

1. There is no difference for the tag: Everybody can clean the chalkboard, can’t they? Every person can clean the chalkboard, can’t they?

2. “Everything” is singular, so the tag is “it”. If you said “All the things”, then “things” is plural, so the tag is “they?

I hope this helps.

Hi Akbar You could say: “There exists no air on Mars, does there?” or “There is no air on Mars, is there?”

Hi Mah The subject is “I”, so we need to use “I” in the tag: I couldn’t stand my boss, could I?

Hi Mira You can say: “ This is my uncle, isn’t it ?” or “ He is my uncle, isn’t he ?”

Hello, Roman. I believe you’re coming to the airport, aren’t you?

This is my uncle – isn’t it or isn’t he – which correct?

Hi Sara 1 Adam’s broken’s stolen, …? (This sentence doesn’t really make sense – maybe number 2 is the sentence you wanted to write?) 2 Adam’s broken car’s stolen, isn’t it? 3 I think she is a good student, isn’t she? 4 There’s been no news, has there?

There is a man in the room, isn’t there?

Hi, here’s an example:

“Only a few children went to the party, didn’t they?”

If “have” is the principal verb, the auxiliary verb in the tag is “do” (don’t, did, didn’t, etc)

All that glitters is not gold, is it?

In the sentence “All that glitters is not gold” we have the negative “is not”. Therefore the tag must be affirmative.

Hope that helps.

Hi, neither of these options are correct. The correct tag is “mustn’t it?”

You are not happy with the decision, are you?

Can you give me an example sentence?

1. Here is your shirt, …? It isn’t really possible to add a tag to this sentence.

2. He said to me “Never waste your time, will you”?

Yes, this sounds okay too.

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Quality Point(s): 429

Answer: 131

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Is it wrong to say "I'll help your homework" ? should it be "I'll help you with your homework"?

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"I'll help you with your homework" is correct.

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Future perfect continuous ( I will have been working here ten years )

Future perfect continuous: form.

We use will/shall + have + been + the - ing form of the verb.

We use shall only for future time reference with I and we. Shall is more formal and less common than will .

Note: Shall I, shall we and shan’t I, shan’t we in future perfect continuous questions are rare.

Future perfect continuous: use

Emphasising the length of an event at a time in the future.

We use the future perfect continuous form when we are looking back to the past from a point in the future and we want to emphasise the length or duration of an activity or event:

In September the head teacher will have been teaching at the school for 20 years.

In September, she will have been living in France for a year.

I will have been studying English for three years by the end of this course.

We’re late. I think they ’ll have been waiting for us. We’d better go.

Future: will and shall

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English grammar explanations and exercises (will).

Understanding "will" for future and comparing with "going to"., the basics - structure of "will".

"Will" is a modal auxiliary verb. That means it combines with the infinitive of non-modal verbs (in many cases to express the future). "Will" is invariable; it doesn't change with different persons. It has a contracted form " 'll ", which is used in less formal writing and speech.

Subject + will + infinitive (without "to").

I will see my friends next week. He will get ill if he doesn't eat properly. John and Mary will get married soon. I'll phone him tomorrow. She'll fall off that bike if she isn't careful. They'll paint the house this weekend. John'll come and visit us in a few days.

"Shall" is also usually (but not always) possible in the first person .

I shall see my friends next week.

The contacted form of "shall" is " 'll "

I'll see my friends next week.

Question forms

There is inversion between the subject and the modal auxiliary "will" in question forms.

Will I see you again later on? Will you help me with my English homework? Do you think John and Mary will get married soon?

Also possible in first person.

Shall I see you again later on? 

Negative forms

We use the word combination "will + not" or "shall + not".

I will not (shall not) say this again!

The negative is often contracted in informal written English and speech to "won't".

I won't say this again! There won't be any beer left if we're late for the party. John won't go to work tomorrow.

The negative contracted form of "shall not" is "shan't".

"I shan't say this again!"

Will - use in real life: predictions for future.

"Will" is used for predictions .

I think the weather will be better tomorrow. What do you think will happen at the end of this book?

Many years ago, "shall" was preferred for the first person singular and plural (we). However, these days "will" is more acceptable and the the "shall" form is not frequent.

One day I will/shall have a beautiful house in the country.

"Going to" is usually also possible in this context too.

One day I'm going to have a beautiful house in the country.

However, if we are talking about predictions where the evidence is present at the time of speaking , we can only use "going to" and not "will". See "going to" for predictions...

In a similar way, we can use "will" to make a "prediction" about what is happening now at another place .

Don't phone now; they'll be in bed. I can hear a car outside. It'll be John.

Giving orders and polite requests.

"Will" is also used to give orders or instructions by expressing a prediction to someone instead of using "must" or "should".

You'll start work at seven o'clock sharp. You'll do as you are told. The regiment will attack on my orders.

In a polite and formal way we can request a person do something using "will".

Will you follow me, sir? Please, won't you sit down and make yourself comfortable?

Threats, promises, offers, suggestions, and immediate decisions.

We use "will" to make threats and promises .

I promise I won't ever do it again. If you do that, I'll get angry. He'll pay for what he did.

(We can also use " going to " with the same meaning as in the examples quoted above.)

We use "will" to offer to do something for someone in affirmative sentences .

"Who'll help me with these heavy bags?" "I will." "This English grammar exercise is too difficult for me." "Don't worry. I'll help you."

If we offer to do something for someone or suggest something in a question , we use "shall" (in first persons "I" and "we") and not "will".

Shall I help you with those heavy bags? Shall I help you? It's hot in here. Shall we open a window?

We may suggest that another person may want to offer help. But the third person requires "will".

Ask Mary. She'll help. What about John? Will he do it?

A decision taken at the moment of speaking is expressed with "will".

"We must fix the roof as soon as possible. The rain is coming in!" "You're right! I'll talk  to the builders first thing in the morning." "Where's Mary? She's not here!" "I don't know where she is. I'll call her mobile now." 

The last two example phrases quoted above cannot be expressed with "going to" or present continuous for future. This is because the decision to help in both examples is taken at the time of speaking . If we used "going to" or present continuous for futurre, the meaning would suggest the decision was taken before the situation occurred , i.e. a plan or intention .

For examples of "going to" for plans, see...

Refusals (present).

The negative form of "will" is also used in a way that is not necessarily future. When we complain about people who refuse to do something for any reason, we can use "won't" or "will not".

I've told her hundreds of times but she won't help with the housework. (she refuses to help...) I will not get the underground train at night. It's just too dangerous. (I refuse to get...)

In a similar way, we use this structure when objects "refuse" to do what we want them to do.

Oh, no. The car won't start. There must be something wrong with the battery. ("refuses" to start...) I think we have too many things in this suitcase. It won't close. ("refuses" to close...)

Would is used in a similar way for refusals in the past...

Habits and behaviour.

"Will" (and not "shall") can be used to talk about habitual actions . This form is usually used when we are suggesting the habit is unusual, different or we don't approve .

He'll sit in the pub drinking pint after pint until closing time.

Similarly, we use this structure for the behaviour of inanimate things.

If you add salt to ice, it'll melt. This sticky tape is very good. It won't leave a mark when you take it off.

When we are being critical about someone's habitual behaviour, we can use "will" to emphasize the criticism. "Will" is usually not contracted here because it takes word stress. Note that "will" in this context refers to habitual actions.

David will leave his toys all over the floor (he always does it). She will call me late at night (she does it very frequently).

See would used to criticize in a similar way... See would for repeated actions...

Shall for promises.

We can use shall in all persons (first, second and third) to make promises. Note that in these examples, it is the speaker who intends to fulfil the promise. The style is often seen in literature or it is very rhetorical.

Cinderella, you shall go to the ball! They shall not pass! Trust me. I won't/shan't let you down.

Exercises on would...

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Grammar Exercise: Modals Multiple Choice

• Pre-Intermediate

Choose the correct modal verb for each of these sentences.

1. ________ you go already? You only arrived an hour ago!

    must

    should

    can

2. When he was young, he ________ swim very well. He won medals and championships!

    had to

    could

3. The company ________ go bankrupt if they don't find a lot of money quickly!

    shouldn't

    might

4. You look very confused by the homework, Clive. ________ I help you?

    will

5. I left my purse at home. Lily, ________ you lend me ten dollars?

    may

6. It's wet and windy outside today. You ________ go out without an umbrella.

    won't

    don't have to

7. I think that sign means we ________ enter the building. Look, there's a security guard too.

    have to

    mustn't

8. Lindsay watched the movie in French and ________ understand very much of it.

    didn't have to

    can't

    couldn't

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I'll help you with your homework ______.

Đáp án đúng là: B

S + will + V(bare) + as soon as + S + V(present simple)/ present perfect

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Unit 8 - lesson 39 - the future using will or shall.

!Note! 'Will' on its own is not used for things we have arranged or decided to do.

"Will" is usually used in these situations:-

Sometimes you can use 'will' as a threat.

!Note! 'Will' is often used with think - "I think I will ..."

In British English 'Shall' is often used instead of will in the first person (I/we).

'Shall' is also often used in the first person (I/we) in questions when asking for permission, making suggestions, making an offer or asking for advice.

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Your challenge: Where do you think you will, and what will you be doing by this time next year?

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I'll help you carry on.

I'll help you make it.

I'll help you out here.

I'll help you be popular!

I'll help you get golf clubs.

And I'll help you do it".

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Danh mục mới

• Chưa có nhóm
• thienthach1111 - 15:26:00 21/05/2020

Sửa lỗi giúp với ạ và giải thích nếu có thể nha...mình gấp lắm

• Hỏi chi tiết

Hãy luôn nhớ cảm ơn và vote 5* nếu câu trả lời hữu ích nhé!

5 A (câu hỏi đuôi phủ định nên mệnh đề chính khẳng định => will)

6 D (câu hỏi đuôi phủ định vì mệnh đề chính khẳng định => don't they)

7 D (tương tự câu 6)

8 D (shall I)

9 D (aren't there)

10 D (chủ từ là smoking => is it)

Hãy giúp mọi người biết câu trả lời này thế nào?

  A (câu hỏi đuôi phủ định nên mệnh đề chính khẳng định → will)

6 D (câu hỏi đuôi phủ định vì mệnh đề chính khẳng định →don't they)

7 D (câu hỏi đuôi phủ định bởi vì mệnh đề chính là khẳng định →don' t they

10 D (bởi vì từchủ ngữ trong câu là smoking → is it)

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