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How to Write a Thesis in LaTeX (Part 4): Bibliographies with BibLaTeX

Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5

Author: Josh Cassidy (August 2013)

This five-part series of articles uses a combination of video and textual descriptions to teach the basics of writing a thesis using LaTeX. These tutorials were first published on the original ShareLateX blog site during August 2013; consequently, today's editor interface (Overleaf) has changed considerably due to the development of ShareLaTeX and the subsequent merger of ShareLaTeX and Overleaf. However, much of the content is still relevant and teaches you some basic LaTeX—skills and expertise that will apply across all platforms.

In the previous post we looked at using images and tables in our thesis. In this post we are going to look at adding a bibliography to our thesis. To do this we are going to use the biblatex package . This involves creating a list of sources in a separate file called a .bib file.

The Bib File

When we create this file we need to choose a name for it and save it as a .bib file rather than a .tex file.

Now every time we need to reference a source we can cite it in the text and then fill in the source details in the .bib file. First we'll look at filling in our .bib file and then we'll move on to discussing citations. To add a new entry to our .bib file we need to first tell BibLaTeX what type of source we are referencing. We do this using an @ symbol followed immediately by the source type.

Then comes an opening curly bracket and a citation key of our choice followed by a comma. We then need to tell it all the details it wants for that particular type of source. We do this using a list of keywords each followed by an equals sign and the corresponding information in curly brackets. Items in the list are separated by commas. Each recognised source type has a list of required details which we must provide. But we'll often want to give more details. For example, for an article entry we need to use the author , title , journaltitle and year or date keywords. For an online source we need to use the author or editor , title , year or date and url keywords, and finally for a book it's the author , title and year or date keywords. Here's an example of what they might look like filled-in:

All of the information about the recognised source types and all the keywords you can use can be found in the biblatex documentation .

Now let's return to the main .tex file. To set it up for a bibliography we need to load up the biblatex package using the \usepackage command. Also in the preamble we need to specify which .bib files we want to use by calling the \addbibresource command and entering the file name in the curly brackets including the .bib extension.

Now let's look at citations. To cite a source in the text we use one of the biblatex citation commands. The simplest is the \cite command which prints the citation without any brackets unless you are using the numeric or alphabetic styles. We'll discuss styles a little later on. For example we may cite a source in the text like this:

Another one is the \parencite command which prints citations in parentheses except when using the numeric or alphabetic styles when it uses square brackets. There are more citation commands available to you which again can be found in the biblatex documentation .

The citation commands in biblatex also give us the option of adding a prenote and postnote in as arguments:

• a prenote is a word or phrase like "see" that is inserted at the start of the citation;
• a postnote is text you want inserted at the end of the citation.

To add these notes in you uses two sets of square brackets in the citation command. If you only open one set of square brackets it will assume the contents of the brackets is a postnote , so if you only want a prenote make sure you still open the second set of square brackets and then just leave them empty. Here are some examples:

Now to actually get the bibliography printed in our thesis we use the \printbibliography command at the end of the document. By default the bibliography and citations use the numeric style which looks like this:

To change the style we pass more arguments into the \usepackage command in square brackets. For example this specifies the alphabetic style:

Which looks like this:

And this is the authoryear style:

Another thing we can change here is the way the bibliography is ordered. For example this sorts entries by year , name , title :

While this doesn't sort them at all but displays them in the order they are cited.

More information about the numerous styles and sorting options available can be found in the biblatex documentation . This concludes our discussion on adding a bibliography. In the final post of this series we'll look at customising some of the opening pages.

All articles in this series

• Part 1: Basic Structure ;
• Part 2: Page Layout ;
• Part 3: Figures, Subfigures and Tables ;
• Part 4: Bibliographies with BibLaTeX ;
• Part 5: Customising Your Title Page and Abstract .
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LaTeX Guide : Citing with BibTeX

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LaTeX uses the BibTeX (.bib) file format to manage and process lists of references in order to produce in-text citations and formatted bibliographies. It is possible to create a BibTeX file from scratch using a text editor, but many literature databases and most modern citation managers can export directly to this format.

• Bibliography management with BibTeX An introduction to using BibTeX and .bib files for bibliography management, including solutions to common problems. From Overleaf.
• BibTeX Basic introduction to the BibTeX file format and how to use it with LaTeX.
• Choosing a BibTeX style Guide from Reed College on various citation styles and how to use them with BibTeX and LaTeX.

Citation Managers and LaTeX/BibTeX

Jabref is a free reference manager with native BibTeX and BibLaTeX support—it's designed for use with systems like LaTeX and includes cite-while-you-write functionality for LaTeX editors like Kile, LyX, and TeXstudio.

• JabRef Free citation manager with BibTeX support. Made by researchers for researchers.

Zotero is a free, open source citation manager. To create a BibTeX file with Zotero:

• Save all your references into a single collection folder
• Right click that collection in Zotero ( Ctrl + click for Mac OS)
• Choose Export Collection...
• Change the format from RIS to BibTeX

This will create a .bib file for you. Because Zotero is open source, there are a number of third-party plugins you can get to add or improve functionality. Better BibTeX for Zotero is highly recommended if you will be using Zotero for citation management for a LaTeX project.

• Better BibTeX for Zotero A plugin for Zotero that makes it easier for LaTeX users to manage bibliographic data.
• How to link your Overleaf account to Mendeley and Zotero For users with premium subscriptions only.

EndNote is a powerful citation manager, but the full version cannot be used without the purchase of a software license. The paid version of EndNote can produce a BibTeX file for your references, with some limitations. To do this:

• Save all your references into a single EndNote group
• Select the references in EndNote (use Ctrl +A for Windows or Cmd + A for Mac OS to select all)
• From the main menu choose File > Export...
• Choose BibTeX Export as the file output style (this may require installing the BibTeX Export style from the Style Manager)
• Save the file
• EndNote creates a plain text (.txt) file with BibTeX formatting inside; you will need to manually change it to .bib

Note: these instructions were created using EndNote 20. The process may not be exactly the same for other versions of EndNote.

• Can I use Overleaf with EndNote? Instructions for using EndNote to manage references for an Overleaf LaTeX project.

Mendeley is a free citation manager. Follow the directions below to create a BibTeX file containing the references from a Mendeley collection.

• Save all your references into a single folder
• Navigate to that folder in Mendeley Reference Manager
• Choose File > Export All from the main menu
• Choose BibTeX (*.bib) and save your file

Note: the steps may vary depending on the version of Mendeley being used.

• Exporting references from Mendeley Instructions for exporting your Mendeley reference library to a variety of formats. Note that this creates a static file.
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• Last Updated: May 29, 2024 3:50 PM
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Cite a Thesis in BIBTEX

Don't let plagiarism errors spoil your paper

Consider your source's credibility. ask these questions:, contributor/author.

• Has the author written several articles on the topic, and do they have the credentials to be an expert in their field?
• Can you contact them? Do they have social media profiles?
• Have other credible individuals referenced this source or author?
• Book: What have reviews said about it?
• What do you know about the publisher/sponsor? Are they well-respected?
• Do they take responsibility for the content? Are they selective about what they publish?
• Take a look at their other content. Do these other articles generally appear credible?
• Does the author or the organization have a bias? Does bias make sense in relation to your argument?
• Is the purpose of the content to inform, entertain, or to spread an agenda? Is there commercial intent?
• Are there ads?
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• Does the publication date make sense in relation to the information presented to your argument?
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How to cite an undergraduate thesis in APA

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To cite an undergraduate thesis in a reference entry in APA style 6th edition include the following elements:

• Author(s) of the thesis: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J. D.) of up to seven authors with the last name preceded by an ampersand (&). For eight or more authors include the first six names followed by an ellipsis (…) and add the last author's name.
• Year of publication: Give the year in brackets followed by a full stop.
• Title of the undergraduate thesis: Only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns are capitalized.
• URL: Give the full URL where the document can be retrieved from.

Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of an undergraduate thesis in APA style 6th edition:

Author(s) of the thesis . ( Year of publication ). Title of the undergraduate thesis (Bachelor's thesis). Retrieved from URL

If the thesis is available from a database, archive or any online platform use the following template:

• Author(s) of the thesis: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J. D.) of up to 20 authors with the last name preceded by an ampersand (&). For 21 or more authors include the first 19 names followed by an ellipsis (…) and add the last author's name.
• Publication number: Give the identification number of the thesis, if available.
• Name of the degree awarding institution: Give the name of the institution.
• Name of Platform: Give the name of the database, archive or any platform that holds the thesis.
• URL: If the thesis was found on a database, omit this element.

Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of an undergraduate thesis in APA style 7th edition:

Author(s) of the thesis . ( Year of publication ). Title of the undergraduate thesis ( Publication number ) [Bachelor's thesis, Name of the degree awarding institution ]. Name of Platform . URL

If the thesis has not been published or is available from a database use the following template:

• Location: Give the location of the institution. If outside the United States also include the country name.

Author(s) of the thesis . ( Year of publication ). Title of the undergraduate thesis (Unpublished bachelor's thesis). Name of the degree awarding institution , Location .

If the thesis is not published, use the following template:

Author(s) of the thesis . ( Year of publication ). Title of the undergraduate thesis [Unpublished bachelor's thesis]. Name of the degree awarding institution .

APA reference list examples

Take a look at our reference list examples that demonstrate the APA style guidelines for an undergraduate thesis citation in action:

A bachelor's thesis from an online platform

Parekh, P., & Pishchenko, V . ( 2013 ). Factors influencing the choice of bank – An international student perspective ( Bachelor's thesis ). Retrieved from https://www.divaportal.org/smash/get/diva2:653388/FULLTEXT02.pdf

Parekh, P., & Pishchenko, V . ( 2013 ). Factors influencing the choice of bank – An international student perspective [ Bachelor's thesis , Dalarna University ]. Diva Portal . https://www.divaportal.org/smash/get/diva2:653388/FULLTEXT02.pdf

An unpublished undergraduate thesis

Baslow, W . ( 2015 ). The applicability of the qualitative system analysis as decision-making tool in public administration by the example of the municipality Ludwigsburg ( Unpublished undergraduate thesis ). Leuphana University of Lüneburg , Lüneburg, Germany .

Baslow, W . ( 2015 ). The applicability of the qualitative system analysis as decision-making tool in public administration by the example of the municipality Ludwigsburg [ Unpublished undergraduate thesis ]. Leuphana University of Lüneburg .

This citation style guide is based on the official Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association ( 6 th edition).

More useful guides

• APA Referencing: Theses
• APA 6th referencing style: Theses
• APA 6th Edition Citation Style-Dissertation/Thesis

More great BibGuru guides

• MLA: how to cite a translated book
• MLA: how to cite a master's thesis
• Harvard: how to cite a report

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Citation Management and Writing Tools: LaTeX and BibTeX

• LaTeX and BibTeX
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• LaTeX & BibTeX & Overleaf
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• JabRef & BibTeX  

LaTeX & BibTeX (& Overleaf)

What is LaTeX?

LaTeX is a typesetting program that takes a plain text file with various commands in it and converts it to a formatted document based on the commands that it has been given. The source file for the document has a file extension of .tex. It is widely used at MIT for theses and other technical papers due to its prowess with mathematical and foreign characters. For more information on LaTeX, see  LaTeX on Athena Basics , provided by the Athena On-Line Help system.

What is BibTeX?

BibTeX is a bibliographic tool that is used with LaTeX to help organize the user's references and create a bibliography. A BibTeX user creates a bibliography file that is separate from the LaTeX source file, wth a file extension of .bib. Each reference in the bibliography file is formatted with a certain structure and is given a "key" by which the author can refer to in the source .tex file.  For more information on BibTeX, see  see MIT IS&T's page:  How do I Create Bibliographies in LaTeX .

Overleaf at MIT

If you're new to LaTeX/BibTeX, consider using Overleaf ,  an online LaTeX and Rich Text collaborative writing and publishing tool. It includes built-in features to link your Zotero or Mendeley library to your LaTeX document .

MIT Libraries provides Overleaf Pro+ accounts for all MIT faculty, students and staff. Learn more on how to get started with Overleaf.  

Zotero & BibTeX

Export from Zotero to BibTeX:

• To export all of the references in a certain library to BibTeX, click on the Actions drop-down menu in Zotero and select "Export Library..."
• To export only certain references, select those references using control-clicks and shift-clicks, then right click one of them and select "Export Selected Items..."
• From the dialog box that pops up, select the BibTeX format, and click OK.
• Navigate to the directory where you are storing your manuscript (your .tex file), and save the file. This will generate a file in the appropriate format for BibTeX to read and create a bibliography from.

Auto-syncing from Zotero to BibTeX:

Auto-updating your .bib file when you make changes or additions to your Zotero Library is not available directly in Zotero. You can, however, install and enable a Zotero extension,  Better BibTeX , to enable these features. 

• Once Better BibTeX is enabled, select the folder/library/items you wish to include in your .bib file as you would do in the basic export process described above.
• In the export dialog box, you will now see many more options for your export format. Select the “Better BibTeX” option, and, to set up the auto sync, make sure you also check the “Keep updated” box.
• Click Ok, name your .bib file and save in the same location as your LaTeX file.

You can adjust or remove a .bib auto sync of Zotero records at any time by going to your Zotero preferences and clicking on the Better BibTeX tab, followed by the Automatic export tab.

For more detailed instructions on setting up your Zotero export, see the  Zotero and BibTeX Quick Guide .

Linking with Overleaf:

In Overleaf, you can link your entire library or a Group library to your Overleaf project. This link allows you to have synced records with Zotero while actively accessing them in Overleaf. More information on linking your Zotero and Overleaf accounts may be found on this Overleaf How-To Guide .

Mendeley & BibTeX

Export to BibTeX:

• Within your Library in Mendeley Reference Manager, select the references that you would like to export to BibTeX.
• In the dropdown menu in the toolbar at the top of the screen, click File > Export All > BibTeX (*.bib)
• Make sure you save your BibTeX file to the same location as your LaTeX file.

In Overleaf, you can link your entire library or a subset of your records to your Overleaf project. This link allows you to have synced records with Mendeley while actively accessing them in Overleaf. More information on linking your Mendeley and Overleaf accounts may be found on this Overleaf How-To Guide .

JabRef & BibTeX

If you primarily create documents in LaTeX (versus a word processing software like Microsoft Word) you may want to consider using JabRef as your primary citation management software.

JabRef is a reference manager that acts as an interface to the BibTeX style used by the LaTeX typesetting system. JabRef is open source and is freely downloadable. The graphical interface allows the user to easily import, edit, search, and group citations in the BibTeX format. It also offers automatic citation key generation. JabRef does not offer any citation styles of its own; instead the citation is generated from the BibTeX file by LaTeX. Specifications for each style are given by the chosen style file.

JabRef can be used on Windows, Linux, and Mac.

For more detailed instructions on setting up JabRef as your LaTeX citation management software, see the JabRef Getting Started guidance .

Get help with LaTeX and BibTeX

• Zotero and BibTeX Quick Guide

LaTeX resources at MIT

LaTeX on Athena, Basics  (IS&T)

How do I create bibliographies in LaTeX?  (IS&T)

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• URL: https://libguides.mit.edu/cite-write

BibTeX undergraduate thesis citation?

Robert W. Brewer

Uwe Waldmann

@MastersThesis{Doe:ANS95, type = "Undergraduate Honors Thesis",

school = s-PSU, address = s-PSU:adr, author = "John Doe", title = "Analysis of Neat Stuff using a Super Algorithm",

Robin Fairbairns

>Alternatively, I guess some way of using @misc might suffice, but >it seems hard to get the school and address to be listed >in that format.

Guide to BibTeX Type PhdThesis

BibTeX is a reference management tool that is commonly used in LaTeX documents. The “phdthesis” BibTeX type is used for PhD dissertations or theses. In this guide, we will explain the required and optional fields for the “phdthesis” BibTeX type.

Need a simple solution for managing your BibTeX entries? Explore CiteDrive!

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Required Fields

The “phdthesis” BibTeX type requires the following fields:

• author : The author of the thesis.
• title : The title of the thesis.
• school : The name of the institution that awarded the degree.
• year : The year the degree was awarded.

Optional Fields

In addition to the required fields, the “phdthesis” BibTeX type also has a number of optional fields that can be used to provide additional information. These fields include:

• type : The type of the thesis, such as “PhD thesis” or “Master’s thesis”.
• address : The location of the institution.
• month : The month the thesis was submitted.
• note : Any additional information about the thesis.

Here is an example of how to use the “phdthesis” BibTeX type:

In this example, the BibTeX entry defines a PhD thesis authored by John Smith titled “An Analysis of Example”. The degree was awarded in 2022 by the University of Example, and the thesis was submitted in June in Example City, CA. The type of the thesis is specified as “PhD thesis”, and a note is included that provides a URL for the thesis.

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Citation Guide

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  BIBTEX NPS Template v2.6 and earlier: Code Examples (Click  here  if you are using version 2.7 or above)

The following codes are customized for NPS theses and are not intended for use with any other publisher or template. The NPS thesis LaTeX template comes prepackaged with a BibTeX tool and a bib file containing the examples below.

From the introduction, forward, preface, etc.

 

-->

-->

Chapter in Edited Book
Book Chapter One author, one editor	Always check your output against the . Enter enter city and state in Publisher field. Major cities like Los Angeles, Boston, and Seattle do not take states. The output differs slightly from the example, but Thesis Processing will accept it. @incollection{Haynes:2009,   author     = {Haynes, P},   title      = {Al-Qaeda, oil dependence, {US} foreign policy},   booktitle  = {Energy Security and Global Politics: The Militarization of Resource Management},   editor     = {Goodname, A},   year       = {2009},   publisher  = {Routledge, New York},   pages      = {62--74} }
NEED CODE for Cordesman. Winning in Afghanistan. Introduction
Electronic Book
DOI or URL	Always check your output against the . Variant of book class. Note extra brackets in author and note fields to force desired output. @book{Bonds:2014,   author   = {{Bonds, ME}},   title    = {Absolute Music: The History of an Idea},   year     = {2014},   note     = {{h}ttps://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199343638.003.0004} }
From book provider	Always check your output against the . Variant of book class. Note extra brackets in author and note fields. @book{Krishnan:2008,   author   = {{Krishnan, AA}},   title    = {War as Business: Technological Change and Military Service Contracting},   year     = {2008},   note     = {{h}ttps://www.amazon.com} }
From library database	Always check your output against the . Variant of book class. Note the use of backslash in Title field to prevent extra space after a colon. @book{Crabtree:Chaplin:2013,   author   = {Crabtree, J and Chaplin, A},   title    = {Bolivia:\ Processes of Change},   year     = {2013},   note     = {Proquest} }
NEED CODE for Crabtree Bolivia
Print Book
One author	Always check your output against the . Capitalize book title, and enter city and state in the Publisher field. Major cities like Los Angeles, Boston, and Seattle do not take states. @book{Pollan:2006,   title      = {The Omnivore's Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals},   author     = {Pollan, Michael},   year       = {2006},   publisher  = {Penguin, New York} }

Class Notes / Lecture Published	Always check your output against the . Use misc class, entering 1) description, 2) course number 3) month and day, 4) publisher, 5) address and 6) URL, if any, in Howpublished field. In Title field, enclose proper nouns in brackets, as needed, to retain capitalization. @misc{Blanche:2017,   author        = {Blanche, C},   title         ={How {Cosmo} came to be the cutest cat in the world},   howpublished  ={Lecture, Meow Studies 402, August 21, Department of Applied Whiskers, Navel Pregraduate School, Monterey, CA. https://wallcrust.com/meows/cats.whiskers},   year          ={2017} }
Class Notes Unpublished	Always check your output against the . Use misc class, entering details in Howpublished field. In Title field, enclose proper nouns in brackets, as shown. @misc{Houston:2016,   author       = {Houston, A},   year         = {2016},   title        = {Why capitalization matters when visiting the {House of Potato Chips}},   howpublished = {Class notes, Performance Management and Budgeting, University of Idaho, September, 28, Fort Chip, ID} }
Lecture Unpublished	Always check your output against the . Use misc class, entering description, place, and month and day in Howpublished field. @misc{Norton:2014,   author        = {Norton, May Eagerton},   year          = {2014},   title         = {Optimizing the rotational velocity of lizards through ceiling fan modulation},   howpublished  = {Lecture, Introduction to Veterinary Studies, May 2, Department of Dragon Husbandry, Charlatan State University, Monogahela, WV}, }
Presentation or Workshop	Always check your output against the . Use misc class, entering details (including URL, if any) in Howpublished field. In Title field, enclose proper nouns in brackets, as needed, to retain capitalization. @misc{Horse:2017,   author        = {Horse, Bay Bee},   title         = {Horseshoes and hand grenades in {Texas}: On the joys of approximation},   year          = {2007},   howpublished  = {Presentation, Conference on Improbable Probabilities, Belmont Race Track, Elmont, NY. https://horse.edu/horseshoesandgrenades/perfect\_together} }

Computer Program / Software

Computer Program / Software

Always check your output against the . Use misc class. Enter VERSION number in Title field. Use Note field to output access statement and URL, if applicable. If the software is out of a box, provide publisher name and address in Note field. @misc{Borenstein:EtAl:2005,   author        = {Borenstein, M and Hedges, L and Higgins, J and Rothstein, H},   year          = {2005},   title         = {Comprehensive meta-analysis, version 2},   note          = {Accessed May 8, 2015, https://www.meta-analysis.com/index.html} } @misc{GAMS,   title         = {{General Algebraic Model System (GAMS)}},   author        = {{GAMS Development Corporation}},   address       = {Fairfax, VA},   year          = {2017},   note          = {https://www.gams.com} }

Conference Proceedings / Paper Presented at Conference
Conference Proceedings (online)	Always check your output against the . Use Note field to insert the URL. The page range will be placed in a different place than the example, but Thesis Processing will accept it. @inproceedings{Morentz:EtAl:2009,   author        = {Morentz, James W and Doyle, Christopher and Skelly, Lawrence and Adam, Nabil},   title         = {Unified Incident Command and Decision Support (UICDS) a Department of Homeland Security initiative in information sharing},   booktitle     = {2009 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security},   year          = {2009},   address       = {Waltham, MA},   note          = {https://doi.org/10.1109/THS.2009.5168032} }
Conference Proceedings (print)	Always check your output against the . Normal use of inproceedings class, using Pages field for page range. @inproceedings{Katz:2007,   author        = {Katz, Itai and Gabayan, Kevin and Aghajan, Hamid},   year          = {2007},   title         = {A multi-touch surface using multiple cameras},   booktitle     = {Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems: 9th International Conference},   address       = {Berlin, Germany},   pages         = {97–108} }
Paper Presented at Conference Unpublished	Always check your output against the . Use misc class for presentations, use inproceedings class if there is an associated published work. @misc{Teplin:EtAl:2005,   author        = {Teplin, Linda A and McClelland, Gary M and Abram, Karen M},   title         = {Early violent death in delinquent youth: A prospective longitudinal study},   howpublished  = {Annual Meeting of the American Psychology-Law Society, La Jolla, CA},   year          = {2005} }

Published

-->

Data Set / Database
NEED CODE for Suro. Changing Channels
Data Set / Database Published	Always check your output against the . Use misc class. Note braces around "Latinos" to preserve capitalization. Enter access date and URL, if any, in Notes field. @misc{Suro:2004,   author        = {Suro, R},   year          = {2004},   title         = {Changing channels and crisscrossing culture: A survey of {Latinos} on news media},   note          = {Accessed April 30, 2012, https://www.pewhispanic.org/2004/04/19/hanging-channels-and-crisscrossing-cultures/} }
Data Set Unpublished	Always check your output against the . Use unpublished or misc class, placing MONTH and DAY in Note field. @unpublished{Blanche:2006,   author        = {Blanche, C},   year          = {2006},   note          = {Data provided to the author via email, August 30} }

Published

-->

NEED CODE for Suro. Changing Channels
Dictionary / Encyclopedia
Dictionary / Encyclopedia	Always check your output against the . Variant of book class, entering subject term in Author field. Enter access statement and URL in Note field, with a comma between. If NOT online, use Publisher field instead of Note field (see book class examples).  @book{Metamorphosis:2011,   author        = {Metamorphosis},   title         = {Merriam-Webster},   year          = {2011},   note          = {Accessed March 4, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/metamorphosis}, }

Published

-->

NEED CODE for Suro. Changing Channels
Fact Sheet
Fact Sheet	Always check your output against the . Use misc class, entering URL in Note field. Enclose "h" in https in brackets, to force it to remain lowercase. @misc{FLSA:2008,   author    = {{Department of Labor}},   title     = {The construction industry under the {Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)}},   year      = {2008},   note      = {{h}ttps://www.dol.gov/whd/regs/compliance/whdfs1.htm} }

Strategy Document / Other Government Report

-->

Government / Military Documents
Directive / Instruction
Directive / Instruction	Always check your output against the . Use techreport class. Enter URL in Notes field. @techreport{DOD.8570.01-M,   author        = {{Department of Defense}},   year          = {2005},   title         = {Information assurance training, certification, workforce management},   number        = {DoD Directive 8570.01-M},   address       = {Washington, DC},   note          = {https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodm/857001m.pdf} }
Doctrine
Joint Doctrine	Always check your output against the . Variant of misc class. In Notes field, place 1) report number, 2) CITY and STATE and 3) URL, if any, separated by COMMAS. Note backslashes before underscores in URL, to prevent format corruption. @misc{JP-3-01,   title         = {Countering air and missile threats},   author        = {{Joint Chiefs of Staff}},   year          = {2017},   note          = {JP 3-01, Washington, DC, https://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/new\_pubs/jp3\_01\_20172104.pd}, }
Field Manual / Military Regulation
Field Manual / Military Regulation	Always check your output against the . Use manual class. Enter DOC NUMBER in Address field, BEFORE the city and state. Note backslashes before underscores and percent signs in URL, which prevent format corruption. @manual{FM-23-10,   author    = {{Department of the Army}},   year      = {1994},   title     = {{Sniper Training}},   address   = {FM 23-10, Washington, DC},   note      = {https://www.bits.de/NRANEU/others/amd-us-archive/fm\_23-10\2894\29.pdf} }
NEED CODE for  White House. National Security Strategy

Handbook
Handbook (online)	Always check your output against the . Use manual class, entering URL in Note field. @book{TSP-168:1972,   author  = {{Western Spud}},   title   = {{Transmission Systems for Potatoes, \em168th ed.}},   address = {Kinston-Slalom, ID},   year    = {1972},   note    = {https://www.spud.org/potato/transmission/grease.html} }
Handbook (print)	Always check your output against the . Use book class. If edition is needed, enter it in Title field, PRECEDED with the \em command, in order to remove italics from edition number. @book{Trans:1985,    author    = {{Western Electric}},    title     = {Transmission Systems for Communications, \em3rd ed.},    year      = {1985},    address   = {Winston-Salem, NC} }

Journal Article
Journal Article (online)	Always check your output against the . DOI preferred. Use \ to retain symbols such as "&". Enter URL in Note field. @article{Sanico:Kakinaka:2008,     author   = {Sanico, G and Kakinaka, M},     title    = {Terrorism and deterrence policy with transnational support},     journal  = {Defence \& Peace Economics},     year     = {2008},     volume   = {19},     number   = {2},     note     = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10242690701505419} } NEED CODE for  Newmann. Reorganizing for national security. from database -->
Journal Article (print)	Always check your output against the . Normal use of article class. @article{Griffin:2009,     author   = {Griffin, G},     title    = {Managing peacekeeping communications},     journal  = {Journal of Business Continuity \& Emergency Planning},     year     = {2009},     volume   = {3},     number   = {2},     pages    = {317--327} }

Magazine / Newspaper Article
Magazine / Newspaper Article No author given (online)	Always check your output against the . Variant use of article class. Place "The" in publication name at the end of the name, to maintain alphabetization. Force ITALICS in publication name with \em command. Enter month and year in Number field. Enter URL in note field, enclosing the "h" in https in braces to retain lowercase. @article{Economist:2014,     author   = {{\em Economist, The}},     title    = {So long easy money: Foreign drug firms face a severe profit squeeze},     year     = {2014},     number   = {June 12},     note     = {https://www.economist.com/news/business/21604178-foreign-drug-firms-face-severe-profit-squeeze-so-long-easy-money}, }
Magazine Article Author given (print)	Always check your output against the . Normal use of article class. @article{Beforebad:2014,     author   = {Beforebad, Sarah},     title    = {Cold spaghetti: To eat or not to eat?},     journal  = {Pasta Dynamics},     year     = {2014},     number   = {January 1} }

Patent

Patent

Always check your output against the . Use misc class. Note double braces around Title field to retain word capitalization. Enter URL in Note field, if available. @misc{Bell:1876,     author        = {Bell, Alexander Graham},     title         = {{U.S. Patent No. 174,465}},     howpublished  = {U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Washington, DC},     year          = {1876},     note          = {{h}ttps://www.google.com/patents/US174465} }

Personal Communication
Email	Always check your output against the . Use unpublished class. Enter description of communication and month and day in Note field, in the order shown. @unpublished{Wunkerbunk:2002,     author    = {Wunkerbunk, Ted Telly},     year      = {2002},     note      = {Moss-growing statistics provided to the author via personal communication, June 11} }
Interview	Always check your output against the . Use unpublished class. Enter description in Note field, in order shown. @unpublished{Monster:1985,     author    = {Monster, Chad},     year      = {2002},     note      = {Interview by Ernest J. Keebler. Betamax, November 20. Keebler Company} }

Report
Research Report / Think Tank Report / White Paper
Research Report / Think Tank Report / White Paper	Always check your output against the . Use misc class. Note use of backslash before underscores in web address. Note return space in the URL, to keep URL from flowing past right margin. @misc{Dixon:2017,     author         = {Dixon, L and Clancy, N and Miller, B},     year           = {2017},     title          = {The cost and affordability of flood insurance in {New York City. RR-1776-NYCEDC}},     howpublished   = {Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, CA},     note           = {https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research\_reports     /RR1700/RR1776/RAND\_RR1776.pdf} }
Technical Report
Technical Report	Always check your output against the . Use techreport class, which forces the word "Technical Report" to output. Use BRACES to retain capitalization of proper noun and acronyms in title.   @techreport{Wonka:1972,     author        = {Wonka, W and Loompa, O and Bucket, C},     title         = {{Stochastic error-correction in a hyperbaric ethereal pulley system for vitreous personal vertical displacement apparatuses (PVDA)}},     number        = {VK-1916},     institution   = {Gloop Corporation},     address       = {Great Missenden, UK},     year          = {1876},     note          = {{h}ttps://www.google.com/patents/US174465} }

Secondary Source

Secondary Source

Always check your output against the . Use class of appropriate source type. In this case, it's a book. Note format of author name in Author field to express his three first initials. @book{Nicholson:2003,      author     = {Nicholson, Ian A M},      title      = {Inventing Personality: Gordon Allport and the Science of Selfhood},      year       = {2003},      publisher  = {American Psychological Association, Washington, DC} }

Thesis / Dissertation
From a commercial database	Always check your output against the . Use mastersthesis class. Note double braces in not field to force capitalization of "ProQuest." @mastersthesis{Nekeip:2008,      author     = {Nekeip, Ray},      title      = {Pescatarians and daisies: A match made in sushi heaven},      school     = {Garden of Sushi School of Sushi},      address    = {Maui, HI},      year       = {2008},      type       = {Master's thesis},      note       = {{P}roQuest Dissertations and Theses database (AAT 3300426)} }
From an institutional archive such as the NPS Archive: Calhoun	Always check your output against the . Use mastersthesis class. ENTER department in School field. LOWERCASE title, except for first word, proper nouns, and first word after colon. @mastersthesis{Yoshi:1988,      author     = {Yoshi, Helen},      title      = {Effects of pizza consumption on katana-wielding dexterity in terrapinoids},      school     = {Department of Reptile Bellicosity, Eastman \& Laird University},      address    = {New York, NY},      year       = {1988},      type       = {Doctoral Dissertation},      note       = {https://hdl.handle.net/6576565753/splinter.html} }

Unpublished / Informally Published Work
Unpublished Accepted for Publication (online)	Always check your output against the . BECAUSE this is a journal article, the journal class was a better choice than the unpublished class. ENTER word "Forthcoming" in Note field. @article{Horse:1996,       author       = {Horse, Bob Brewster},        title        = {Back in the saddle 2:\ {Back} in the saddle},       journal      = {Gaucho Marx: A Journal of Cowpoke Consciousness.},       year         = {1996},       note         = {Forthcoming. https://blahblahblahhorse.com/bits2bits} }
Unpublished (print)	Always check your output against the . The output differs slightly from the example, but Thesis Processing will accept it. @unpublished{Horse:1995,        author     = {Horse, Bob Brewster},        title      = {Back in the saddle},        year       = {1995},        note       = {Unpublished memoir, Leaping H Ranch, Peoria, IL} }

Website / Webpage
Author and date given	Always check your output against the . Use misc class. Enter WEBSITE OWNER NAME and access date in Note field. (Provide access date only if no publication date is available, the info is likely to change, as in Wikipedia entries, or the link is now broken.) @misc{Sushi:1995,       author       = {Sushi, Ursella Quest},       year         = {1995},       title        = {Absorption of cats in sushi},       note         = {Sushi Lab. Accessed November 9, 1999, https://www.wallcrust.com/?hgtehrwOIASD.html} }
Organization as author	Always check your output against the . See notes above. @misc{FBI:2017,       author      = {{Federal Bureau of Investigation}},       year        = {1995},       title       = {Forging papers to sell fake art},       note        = {Accessed April 13, 2017, https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/forging-papers-to-sell-fake-art} }
No date given	Always check your output against the . See notes in above entry, entering YEAR ACCESSED in Year field. @misc{Python:2017,       author     = {Python, Mary},       year       = {2017},       title      = {Finding a dead parrot on a silly walk},       note       = {Ministry of Silly Walks. Accessed August 6, 2017, https://www.omgitsadeadparrot.com/feathers} }
Janes example	Always check your output against the . @misc{Jane:2017,        author    = {Janes},        year      = {2017},        title     = {Mali: Executive summary},        note      = {Accessed June 16, 2017, https://customer.janes.com/} }

Wikipedia

Wikipedia

Always check your output against the . Variant of article class. Enter ENTRY TITLE in Author field (the entry title goes in the author position, and is used in the in-text citation. Enter "Wikipedia" in Journal field, with a PERIOD. Not normally an accepted source in academia; please ask your instructor or advisor. @article{Psychology:2016,        author     = {Psychology},        year       = {2016},        journal    = {Wikipedia.},        note       = {Accessed October 10, 2016, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology} }

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BIBTEX Citation Generator

- powered by chegg, all of our writing tools, none of the ads, is this source credible consider the criteria below..

Is the purpose to entertain, sell, persuade, or inform/teach ? Journal articles are often designed to inform or teach. Books and websites could have any of these or a combination of the purposes above. So it is important to determine why the source was created and if it is appropriate for your research. For websites in particular, looking at their "About Us" page or "Mission Statement" can help you evaluate purpose.

Accuracy is the reliability and truthfulness of the source. Here are a few indicators of an accurate source:

• Citations or a works cited list. For websites, this can be links to other credible sites.
• Evidence that backs up claims made by the author(s).
• Text that is free of spelling and grammatical errors.
• Information that matches that in other, credible sources.
• Language that is unbiased and free of emotion.

Based on the above the source could be accurate, inaccurate, a mixture of accurate and inaccurate, or hard to tell.

Authority: Author

The author is the individual or organization who wrote the information in the book, in the journal article, or on the website. If no author is listed, there may be another contributor instead. For example, an editor or a translator. A credible author has:

• Written several articles or books on the topic.
• Provided contact information. For example, an email address, mailing address, social media account, etc.
• The experience or qualifications to be an expert on the topic.

Authority: Publisher

The credibility of the publisher can contribute to the authority of a source. The publisher can be a person, company or organization. Authoritative publishers:

• Accept responsibility for content.
• Are often well-known.
• Often publish multiple works on the same or related topics.

Relevance describes how related or important a source is to your topic. While a source may be credible, it does not necessarily mean it is relevant to your assignment. To determine relevance, you should:

• Determine the website's intended audience. Look at the level of the information and the tone of the writing. For example, is it meant for academics or the general public?
• Make sure that the information is related to your research topic.
• Make sure that the information helps you answer your research question.

A publication date is an important part of evaluating the credibility of a source and its appropriateness for your topic. It is generally best to use content that was recently published or updated, but depending on your assignment, it may be appropriate to use older information. For example, a journal entry from Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War is too outdated to use in a discussion about modern politics and war, but would be appropriate for a paper about the Civil War. Consider the following when evaluating currency:

• Was it published or updated recently? If a website, is there even a publication date listed?
• Is the date of the source appropriate or inappropriate for my assignment?

After analyzing your source, do you believe it is credible, not credible, partially credible, or are you unsure? If you are still unsure, it may help to ask your instructor a librarian for assistance.

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Overleaf for LaTeX Theses & Dissertations: Home

• Using Templates on Overleaf
• Reference Managers and Overleaf
• Adding Tables, Images, and Graphs

Tips and tools for writing your LaTeX thesis or dissertation in Overleaf, including templates, managing references , and getting started guides.

Managing References

BibTeX is a file format used for lists of references for LaTeX documents. Many citation management tools support the ability to export and import lists of references in .bib format. Some reference management tools can generate BibTeX files of your library or folders for use in your LaTeX documents.

LaTeX on Wikibooks has a Bibliography Management page.

Find list of BibTeX styles available on Overleaf here

View a video tutorial on how to include a bibliography using BibTeX  here

Collaborate with Overleaf

Collaboration tools

• One version of your project accessible to collaborators via a shared link or email invitation
• Easily select the level of access for collaborators (view, edit, or owner access)
• Real-time commenting speeds up the review process
• Tracked changes and full history view help to see contributions from collaborators
• Labels help to organize and compare different versions
• Chat in real time with collaborators right within the project

How to get started writing your thesis in LaTeX

Writing a thesis or dissertation in LaTeX can be challenging, but the end result is well worth it - nothing looks as good as a LaTeX-produced pdf, and for large documents it's a lot easier than fighting with formatting and cross-referencing in MS Word. Review this video from Overleaf to help you get started writing your thesis in LaTeX, using a standard thesis template from the Overleaf Gallery .

You can upload your own thesis template to the Overleaf Gallery if your university provides a set of LaTeX template files or you may find your university's thesis template already in the Overleaf Gallery.

This video assumes you've used LaTeX before and are familiar with the standard commands (see our other tutorial videos  if not), and focuses on how to work with a large project split over multiple files.

Add Institutional Library contact info here.

Contact Overleaf   or email [email protected]

5-part Guide on How to Write a Thesis in LaTeX

5-part LaTeX Thesis Writing Guide

Part 1: Basic Structure corresponding  video

Part 2: Page Layout corresponding  video

Part 3: Figures, Subfigures and Tables   corresponding video

Part 4: Bibliographies with Biblatex corresponding video

Part 5: Customizing Your Title Page and Abstract corresponding video

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How to cite a published phd dissertation in bibtex using @phdthesis.

I have the following entry. But when I cite it in my paper, I keep getting "Unpublished doctoral dissertation" showing up in the entry. As far as I can tell there's no field to specify publishing information, so how do I get rid of this message?

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BibTeX phdthesis template

The phdthesis entry type is intended to be used for a PhD thesis.

Minimal template

Minimal template with required fields only for a BibTeX phdthesis entry.

Full template

Full template including required and optional fields for a BibTeX phdthesis entry.

Home / Guides / Citation Guides / APA Format / How to Cite a Thesis or Dissertation in APA

How to Cite a Thesis or Dissertation in APA

In this citation guide, you will learn how to reference and cite an undergraduate thesis, master’s thesis, or doctoral dissertation. This guide will also review the differences between a thesis or dissertation that is published and one that has remained unpublished. The guidelines below come from the 7th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2020a), pages 333 and 334. Please note that the association is not affiliated with this guide.

Alternatively, you can visit EasyBib.com for helpful citation tools to cite your thesis or dissertation .

Guide Overview

Citing an unpublished thesis or dissertation, citing a published dissertation or thesis from a database, citing a thesis or dissertation published online but not from a database, citing a thesis or dissertation: reference overview, what you need.

Since unpublished theses can usually only be sourced in print form from a university library, the correct citation structure includes the university name where the publisher element usually goes.

Author’s last name, F. M. (Year published). Title in sentence case [Unpublished degree type thesis or dissertation]. Name of institution.

Ames, J. H., & Doughty, L. H. (1911). The proposed plans for the Iowa State College athletic field including the design of a reinforced concrete grandstand and wall [Unpublished bachelor’s thesis]. Iowa State University.

In-text citation example:

• Parenthetical :  (Ames & Doughty, 1911)
• Narrative :  Ames & Doughty (1911)

If a thesis or dissertation has been published and is found on a database, then follow the structure below. It’s similar to the format for an unpublished dissertation/thesis, but with a few differences:

• The institution is presented in brackets after the title
• The archive or database name is included

Author’s last name, F. M. (Year published). Title in sentence case (Publication or Document No.) [Degree type thesis or dissertation, Name of institution]. Database name.

Examples 1:

Knight, K. A. (2011). Media epidemics: Viral structures in literature and new media (Accession No. 2013420395) [Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.

Trotman, J.B. (2018). New insights into the biochemistry and cell biology of RNA recapping (Document No. osu1523896565730483) [Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses & Dissertations Center.

In the example given above, the dissertation is presented with a Document Number (Document No.). Sometimes called a database number or publication number, this is the identifier that is used by the database’s indexing system. If the database you are using provides you with such a number, then include it directly after the work’s title in parentheses.

If you are interested in learning more about how to handle works that were accessed via academic research databases, see Section 9.3 of the Publication Manual.

In-text citation examples :

• Parenthetical citation : (Trotman, 2018)
• Narrative citation : Trotman (2018)

Author’s last name, F. M. (Year Published). Title in sentence case [Degree type thesis or dissertation, Name of institution]. Name of archive or collection. URL

Kim, O. (2019). Soviet tableau: cinema and history under late socialism [Doctoral dissertation, University of Pittsburgh]. Institutional Repository at the University of Pittsburgh. https://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/37669/7/Olga%20Kim%20Final%20ETD.pdf

Stiles, T. W. (2001). Doing science: Teachers’ authentic experiences at the Lone Star Dinosaur Field Institute [Master’s thesis, Texas A&M University]. OAKTrust. https://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2001-THESIS-S745

It is important to note that not every thesis or dissertation published online will be associated with a specific archive or collection. If the work is published on a private website, provide only the URL as the source element.

In-text citation examples:

• Parenthetical citation : (Kim, 2019)
• Narrative citation : Kim (2019)
• Parenthetical citation : (Stiles, 2001)
• Narrative citation : Stiles (2001)

Unpublished	Author last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year Published). [Unpublished degree type thesis or dissertation]. Name of institution	Ames, J.H., & Doughty, L.H (1911). [Unpublished bachelor’s thesis]. Iowa State University.
Published from a database	Author last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year Published). (Publication or Document No.) [Degree type thesis or dissertation, Name of institution]. Database name.	Trotman, J.B. (2018). (Document No. osu1523896565730483) [Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Thesis & Dissertations Center
Published online but not from a database	Author last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year Published). [Degree type thesis or dissertation, Name of institution]. Name of archive or collection. URL	Kim, O. (2019). [Doctoral dissertation, University of Pittsburgh]. Institutional Repository at the University of Pittsburgh. http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/37669/7/Olga%20Kim%20Final%20ETD.pdf

We hope that the information provided here will serve as an effective guide for your research. If you’re looking for even more citation info, visit EasyBib.com for a comprehensive collection of educational materials covering multiple source types.

If you’re citing a variety of different sources, consider taking the EasyBib citation generator for a spin. It can help you cite easily and offers citation forms for several different kinds of sources.

To start things off, let’s take a look at the different types of literature that are classified under Chapter 10.6 of the Publication Manual :

• Undergraduate thesis
• Master’s thesis
• Doctoral dissertation

You will need to know which type you are citing. You’ll also need to know if it is published or unpublished .

When you decide to cite a dissertation or thesis, you’ll need to look for the following information to use in your citation:

• Author’s last name, and first and middle initials
• Year published
• Title of thesis or dissertation
• If it is unpublished
• Publication or document number (if applicable; for published work)
• Degree type (bachelor’s, master’s, doctoral)
• Thesis or dissertation
• Name of institution awarding degree
• DOI (https://doi.org/xxxxx) or URL (if applicable)

Since theses and dissertations are directly linked to educational degrees, it is necessary to list the name of the associated institution; i.e., the college, university, or school that is awarding the associated degree.

To get an idea of the proper form, take a look at the examples below. There are three outlined scenarios:

• Unpublished thesis or dissertation
• Published thesis or dissertation from a database
• Thesis or dissertation published online but not from a database

American Psychological Association. (2020a). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

American Psychological Association. (2020b). Style-Grammar-Guidelines. https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/basic-principles/parenthetical-versus-narrative

Published August 10, 2012. Updated March 24, 2020.

Written and edited by Michele Kirschenbaum and Elise Barbeau. Michele Kirschenbaum is a school library media specialist and the in-house librarian at EasyBib.com. Elise Barbeau is the Citation Specialist at Chegg. She has worked in digital marketing, libraries, and publishing.

APA Formatting Guide

APA Formatting

• Annotated Bibliography
• Block Quotes
• et al Usage
• In-text Citations
• Multiple Authors
• Paraphrasing
• Page Numbers
• Parenthetical Citations
• Reference Page
• Sample Paper
• APA 7 Updates
• View APA Guide

Citation Examples

• Book Chapter
• Journal Article
• Magazine Article
• Newspaper Article
• Website (no author)
• View all APA Examples

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To cite a published thesis in APA style, it is important that you know some basic information such as the author, publication year, title of the thesis, institute name, archive name, and URL (uniform resource locator). The templates for an in-text citation and reference list entry of a thesis, along with examples, are given below:

In-text citation template and example:

Use the author surname and the publication year in the in-text citation.

Author Surname (Publication Year)

Cartmel (2007)

Parenthetical:

(Author Surname, Publication Year)

(Cartmel, 2007)

Reference list entry template and example:

The title of the thesis is set in sentence case and italicized. Enclose the thesis and the institute awarding the degree inside brackets following the publication year. Then add the name of the database followed by the URL.

Author Surname, F. M. (Publication Year). Title of the thesis [Master’s thesis, Institute Name]. Name of the Database. URL

Cartmel, J. (2007). Outside school hours care and schools [Master’s thesis, Queensland University of Technology]. EPrints. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/17810/1/Jennifer_Cartmel_Thesis.pdf

To cite an unpublished dissertation in APA style, it is important that you know some basic information such as the author, year, title of the dissertation, and institute name. The templates for in-text citation and reference list entry of an online thesis, along with examples, are given below:

Author Surname (Year)

Averill (2009)

(Author Surname, Year)

(Averill, 2009)

The title of the dissertation is set in sentence case and italicized. Enclose “Unpublished doctoral dissertation” inside brackets following the year. Then add the name of the institution awarding the degree.

Author Surname, F. M. (Publication Year). Title of the dissertation [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Name of the Institute.

Averill, R. (2009). Teacher–student relationships in diverse New Zealand year 10 mathematics classrooms: Teacher care [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Victoria University of Wellington.

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Chemical Science

A redox-active organic cage as a cathode material with improved electrochemical performance.

Organic cages offer numerous opportunities for creating novel materials suitable for a wide range of applications. Among these, energy-related applications are beginning to attract attention. We report here the synthesis of a [3+6] trigonal prismatic cage constituted by three redox-active dibenzotetraazahexacene subunits. Cathodes formulated with the organic cage show enhanced performance compared to those formulated with the individual subunits, showing improvements in terms of electrochemical stability, lithium-ion diffusivity, and cathode capacity.

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S. Bera, N. Goujon, M. Melle-Franco, D. Mecerreyes and A. Mateo-Alonso, Chem. Sci. , 2024, Accepted Manuscript , DOI: 10.1039/D4SC04295F

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence . You can use material from this article in other publications, without requesting further permission from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given and it is not used for commercial purposes.

To request permission to reproduce material from this article in a commercial publication , please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page .

If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given.

If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party commercial publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page .

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Institute Name in @masterthesis Citations

I need to cite master thesis and the lecture notes into a document. But the problem with @masterthesis and @unpublished citations is they don't print an institution name in the pdflatex output of bibliography.

I get this bibliography output:

[1] Fris. Bike Model. XXX, 2016. [2] Koch. “Electrical Engineering Book”. Lecture Notes. 2015.

Any suggestions, how we can also print an institute name?

• 3 What kind of bibliography package do you use? Do you really use biblatex as your tagging suggests? Please consider adding an MWE so we can see how you are creating your bibliography, a solution may very well depend on your setup. In biblatex you'll have to use institution for the @thesis type, but school is still supported as an alias. –  moewe Commented Oct 18, 2016 at 11:21
• There is a , missing after bhgt –  samcarter_is_at_topanswers.xyz Commented Oct 18, 2016 at 14:51

2 Answers 2

• Use @master s thesis (with an s after master ) instead of @masterthesis (which doesn’t exist and probably defaults to some other type), then school will appear.

The entry type @unpublished doesn’t support school , so I’d suggest using note instead, as is recommended in the biblatex documentation:

Use the fields howpublished and note to supply additional information in free format, if applicable.

You could also use the field addendum , which would appear at the very end.

It would probably be more proper and clean to redefine the output of @unpublished to include school / institution , but as a one-off solution, this should be fine.

Here’s the output:

As a side note: The official field names in biblatex are institution , not school ; and location , not address , but the latter ones do work as aliases.

• Thanks. It Works. @doncherry But all other bibliography entries are without " " and in italic form. Adding s in @masterthesis and note in @unpublished have made the text normal (instead of italic) and covered it with " " (it is also shown in the output you have posted). –  Yousaf Commented Oct 18, 2016 at 17:07
• Author names are in normal form but all titles are in italic form. –  Yousaf Commented Oct 18, 2016 at 17:16
• @ArslanYousaf @unpublished is quoted and upright in your MWE as well. You could change the type to @misc to get it in italics. @mastersthesis is indeed printed more like an @article than like a @book . You could add \DeclareFieldFormat[thesis]{title}{\mkbibemph{#1}} in the preamble to change that. –  doncherry Commented Oct 18, 2016 at 17:18

Quick and dirty, using bibtex together with natbib :

• Thanks. It has worked. But why do we need to write all text within "" ? @Denis –  Yousaf Commented Oct 18, 2016 at 14:43
• 1 @ArslanYousaf Either that or {Name}, . –  Johannes_B Commented Oct 18, 2016 at 14:45

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