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If you are finding it difficult to solve Class 11 Biology Case Study Questions, you are not alone. Many students face difficulties in solving such questions, as they require in-depth knowledge of the subject. However, with the right resources and guidance, it is possible to overcome these difficulties. One of the best resources for Class 11 Biology Case Study Questions is the myCBSEguide app.

myCBSEguide provides detailed information and Class 11 Biology Case Study Questions that can help you understand the concepts better. Class 11 Biology students can also find several practice questions at the end of each chapter that can help Class 11 Biology students in understanding the concept better.

Biology: The study of living organisms

Biology is the study of life and all living things. It is a natural science that covers a wide range of topics, from the structure and function of the human body to the behavior of plants and animals. Class 11 biology students learn about the various branches of biology, such as anatomy, physiology, ecology, and evolution. In addition, they also study the cell, the building block of all living things. By understanding how cells work, students can better understand how the body works as a whole.

Class 11 students entering the world of Biology

For Class 11 students, biology is the foundation for Class 12 CBSE students. It is a vital topic that helps students grasp the fundamental notions of life and living beings. Cell structure and function, genetics, evolution, ecology, and plant and animal physiology are all themes addressed in biology. Biology is a fascinating topic that teaches students about the natural world around them. Biology is an excellent foundation for Class 11 CBSE students who want to pursue a career in medicine. Biology is critical for understanding the human body and its processes, as well as developing medical remedies.

Significance of Biology for class 11 students

• Biology encourages students to learn the fundamentals of biology.
• It promotes a rational/scientific attitude toward issues such as population, environment, and development by encouraging the acquisition of new information and its application to individuals and society.
• It raises public knowledge of environmental issues, problems, and remedies.
• It raises students’ understanding of the diversity of living species and fosters respect for other living beings.
• It understands that even the most complicated biological phenomena are based on fundamentally simple processes.

Case study questions in Class 11 Biology

Case studies are a part of to Class 11 biology examination paper pattern. These case studies can be used to assess a student’s understanding of a subject as well as their ability to apply that understanding in a real-world context. Incorporating case study questions into Class 11 Biology can provide students with a more hands-on and realistic experience with the subject. Class 11 Biology students can better learn how chemical concepts are utilized in the real world by going through real-life problems. Class 11 Biology Case study questions can also aid in the development of critical thinking and problem-solving abilities.

Examples of Class 11 Biology Case Study Questions

We must solve a range of Class 11 Biology case study questions in order to achieve high grades in Biology. Class 11 Biology students must be seeking some examples of case study questions in order to improve their grades. myCBSEguide has prepared a variety of Class 11 Biology case study questions that will undoubtedly assist all students studying the subject. We have compiled a selection of Class 11 Biology case study questions for you. Have a look at the following Class 11 Biology case study question examples.

Class 11 Biology case study questions 1

Read the following and answer any four questions: The detailed structure of the membrane was studied only after the advent of the electron microscope in the 1950s. Meanwhile, chemical studies on the cell membrane, especially in human red blood cells (RBCs), enabled the scientists to deduce the possible structure of the plasma membrane. These studies showed that the cell membrane is composed of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates.

• Nucleic acid
• Carbohydrate
• Phosphoglycerides
• Glycoproteins
• Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
• Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
• Assertion is true but reason is false.
• Both assertion and reason are false.

Answer Key:

• (b) The lipids are arranged in a bilayer in the plasma membrane with the polar head towards the outer sides and the hydrophobic tails towards the inner part.
• (a) The lipid component of the membrane mainly consists of phosphoglycerides.
• (c) In human beings, the membrane of the erythrocyte has approximately 52 percent protein and 40 percent lipids.
• (b) Depending on the ease of extraction, membrane proteins can be classified into two types – integral or peripheral.
• (b) The plasma membrane is selectively permeable to some molecules present on either side of it. Neutral solutes may move across the membrane by the process of simple diffusion along the concentration gradient, i.e., from higher concentration to the lower. Hence, both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

Class 11 Biology case study questions 2

Read the following and answer any four questions: Plastids are found in all plant cells and in euglenoids. These are easily observed under the microscope as they are large. They bear some specific pigments, thus imparting specific colours to the plants. Plastids consist of numerous membrane layers embedded in a material called the stroma. They have their own genome and ribosomes.

• Leucoplasts
• Chloroplasts
• Chromoplasts
• Carotenoids
• Amyloplasts
• Aleuroplasts
• Elaioplasts
• (a) The leucoplasts are the colourless plastids of varied shapes and sizes with stored nutrients.
• (b) The aleuroplasts store proteins in grains.
• (a) Amyloplasts are leucoplasts store carbohydrates (starch) in potato.
• (c) The space limited by the inner membrane of the chloroplast is called the stroma.
• (c) The chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments which are responsible for trapping light energy essential for photosynthesis. The chromoplasts impart colours to the parts of the plant as yellow, orange or red colour. Hence, Assertion is true but reason is false.

Class 11 Biology case study questions 3

Read the following and answer any four questions: In human beings, the lungs are situated in the thoracic chamber which is formed dorsally by the vertebral column, ventrally by the sternum, laterally by the ribs, and on the lower side by the dome-shaped diaphragm. The anatomical setup of the lungs in the thorax is such that any change in the volume of the thoracic cavity will be reflected in the lung (pulmonary) cavity. Such an arrangement is essential for breathing. Breathing involves two stages – inspiration and expiration. During inspiration, the atmospheric air is drawn in and during expiration, the alveolar air is released out.

• 12 – 16
• 70 – 72
• Ribs lift up
• Diaphragm flattens
• Ribs flatten
• Both ribs lift up and diaphragm flattens
• Tidal volume
• Inspiratory Reserve Volume
• Residual Volume
• Vital Capacity
• 6000 to 8000 mL
• 2500 mL to 3000 mL
• 1000 mL to 1100 mL
• 1100 mL to 1200 mL
• The movement of air into and out of the lungs is carried out by creating a pressure gradient.
• Expiration can occur if the pressure within the lungs (intra-pulmonary pressure) is less than the atmospheric pressure.
• The diaphragm and a specialised set of muscles help in generation of pressure gradients.
• Expiration is initiated by the contraction of diaphragm which increases the volume of thoracic chamber in the antero-posterior axis.

Choose from below the correct alternative.

• a. Only I is true
• b. I and IV are true
• c. III and II are true
• d. I and III are true
• (a) On an average, a healthy human breathes 12-16 times/minute.
• (d) When we breathe in, the ribs are lifted up and the diaphragm flattens which increases the size of the chest cavity. Because of this, the air is sucked into the lungs and fills the expanded alveoli.
• (a) Volume of air inspired or expired during normal respiration is called tidal volume.
• (d) Residual volume of air is the remaining air in the lungs even after a forcible expiration. This averages 1100 mL to 1200 mL.
• (d) The movement of air into and out of the lungs is carried out by creating a pressure gradient between the lungs and the atmosphere. Inspiration can occur if the pressure within the lungs (intra-pulmonary pressure) is less than the atmospheric pressure. The diaphragm and a specialized set of muscles – external and internal intercostals between the ribs, help in the generation of pressure gradients. Inspiration is initiated by the contraction of the diaphragm which increases the volume of thoracic chamber in the antero-posterior axis. Hence, statements I and III are true.

Class 11 Biology case study questions 4

Read the following and answer any four questions: Exchange of gases also occurs between blood and tissues. O 2  and CO 2  are exchanged in these sites by simple diffusion mainly based on pressure/concentration gradient. The solubility of the gases, as well as the thickness of the membranes involved in diffusion, are also some important factors that can affect the rate of diffusion.

• Atmospheric pressure
• Partial pressure
• Differential pressure
• Capillary pressure
• pO 2  – 104 mm Hg, pCO 2  – 40 mm Hg
• pO 2  – 104 mm Hg, pCO 2  – 140 mm Hg
• pO 2  – 95 mm Hg, pCO 2  – 40 mm Hg
• pO 2  – 40 mm Hg, pCO 2  – 45 mm Hg
• The given diagram represents the exchange of gases at the alveolus and the body tissues with blood and the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
• The amount of CO 2  that can diffuse through the diffusion membrane per unit difference in partial pressure is much lesser compared to that of O 2 .
• All the factors in our body are favourable for the diffusion of O 2  from tissues to alveoli and that of CO 2  from alveoli to tissues.
• The total thickness of the diffusion membrane is much less than a millimetre.
• Only I is true
• I and IV are true
• III and II are true
• I and III are true
• (b) Pressure contributed by an individual gas in a mixture of gases is called partial pressure.
• (a) Alveoli are the primary sites of exchange of gases.
• (c) The diffusion membrane is made up of three major layers.
• (d) The values of pO 2  and pCO 2  in the body tissues is: pO 2  – 104 mm Hg, pCO 2  – 40 mm Hg.
• (b) The given diagram represents the exchange of gases at the alveolus and the body tissues with blood and the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The amount of CO 2  that can diffuse through the diffusion membrane per unit difference in partial pressure is much higher compared to that of O 2 . All the factors in our body are favourable for the diffusion of O 2  from alveoli to tissues and that of CO 2  from tissues to alveoli. The total thickness of diffusion membrane is much less than a millimetre.

Dealing with Class 11 Biology case study questions

There are a number of different ways to approach Class 11 Biology case study questions, but the most important thing is to make sure that Class 11 Biology students answer all parts of the question and provide as much detail as possible. In some cases, you may need to research the topic further in order to be able to answer the Class 11 Biology case study questions fully.

When dealing with Class 11 Biology case study questions, it is also important to think about the different perspectives that might be involved. For example, if you are asked to evaluate a particular decision made by a scientist, you will need to consider the impact of that decision from both the scientist’s perspective and the perspective of those affected by the decision.

Answering case study questions can be challenging, but it is an important skill to develop if you want to pursue a career in fields such as business or law. With practice, Class 11 Biology students will be able to approach these questions with confidence and provide well-reasoned, detailed answers.

Class 11 Biology curriculum: As fascinating as Biology itself

The current curriculum of Class 11 Biology provides students with up-to-date principles as well as more extensive exposure to current topics in the discipline. Class 11 Biology curriculum also strives to emphasize the basic concepts that are shared by animals, plants, and microbes, as well as the link between Biology and other fields of study. Class 11 Biology structure provides for a straightforward, sequential flow of ideas. It connects the science of biology to actual life through technological advancements. It connects biological discoveries and breakthroughs to everyday issues including the environment, industry, health, and agriculture. The new curriculum of Class 11 Biology also emphasizes scientific ideas and their application, while ensuring that enough chances and opportunities for mastering and recognizing fundamental concepts remain within its framework.

CBSE Class 11 Biology (Code No. 044)

COURSE STRUCTURE

myCBSEguide: An app as intriguing as biology

If you’re looking for an app that’s as intriguing as biology, myCBSEguide is a perfect choice. With millions of downloads, it’s one of the most popular apps on the App Store, and for good reason. myCBSEguide offers extensive coverage of the CBSE curriculum, with detailed explanations of concepts, thousands of practice questions, case study questions and much more. Whether you’re a student, teacher, or parent, myCBSEguide is an essential tool for anyone wanting to learn more about biology.

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Class 11 Biology Case Study Questions Chapterwise PDF Download

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We have provided here Case Study questions for the Class 11 Biology final exams. You can read these chapter-wise Case Study questions for your Biology paper. These questions are prepared by subject experts and experienced teachers. The answer key is also provided so that you can check the correct answer for each question. Practice these questions to score well in your final exams.

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We are providing Case Study questions for class 11 Biology based on the latest syllabi. There is a total of 9 chapters included in CBSE class 11 Biology board final exams. Students can practice these questions for concept clarity and score better marks in their exams.

Table of Contents

CBSE Class 11th – Biology : Chapterwise Case Study Question & Solution

CBSE will ask two Case Study Questions in the CBSE class 11 Biology questions paper. Question numbers 15 and 16 are case-based questions where 5 MCQs will be asked based on a paragraph. Each theme will have five questions and students will have a choice to attempt any four of them.

Case Study-Based Questions for Class 11 Biology

• Chapter 1 : The Living World
• Chapter 2 : Biological Classification
• Chapter 3 : Plant Kingdom
• Chapter 4 : Animal Kingdom
• Chapter 5 : Morphology of Flowering Plants
• Chapter 6 : Anatomy of Flowering Plants
• Chapter 7 : Structural Organisation in Animals
• Chapter 8 : Cell : The Unit of Life
• Chapter 9 : Biomolecules
• Chapter 10 : Cell Cycle and Cell Division
• Chapter 11 : Transport in Plants
• Chapter 12 : Mineral Nutrition
• Chapter 13 : Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
• Chapter 14 : Respiration in Plants
• Chapter 15 : Plant Growth and Development
• Chapter 16 : Digestion and Absorption
• Chapter 17 : Breathing and Exchange of Gases
• Chapter 18 : Body Fluids and Circulation
• Chapter 19 : Excretory Products and their Elimination
• Chapter 20 : Locomotion and Movement
• Chapter 21 : Neural Control and Coordination
• Chapter 22 : Chemical Coordination and Integration

Class 11 MCQ Questions

Class 11 students should go through important Case Study problems for Biology before the exams. This will help them to understand the type of Case Study questions that can be asked in Grade 11 Biology examinations. Our expert faculty for standard 11 Biology have designed these questions based on the trend of questions that have been asked in last year’s exams. The solutions have been designed in a manner to help the grade 11 students understand the concepts and also easy to learn solutions.

Class 11 Biology Books

Class 11 Biology Syllabus

T heory Paper

Chapter-1: The Living World

Biodiversity; Need for classification; three domains of life; taxonomy and systematics; concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; binomial nomenclature

Chapter-2: Biological Classification

Five kingdom classification; Salient features and classification of Monera, Protista and Fungi into major groups; Lichens, Viruses and Viroids.

Chapter-3: Plant Kingdom

Classification of plants into major groups; Salient and distinguishing features and a few examples of Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae (Topics excluded – Angiosperms, Plant Life Cycle and Alternation of Generations)

Chapter-4: Animal Kingdom

Salient features and classification of animals, non-chordates up to phyla level and chordates up to class level (salient features and at a few examples of each category). (No live animals or specimen should be displayed.)

Chapter-5: Morphology of Flowering Plants

Morphology of different parts of flowering plants: root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed. Description of family Solanaceae

Chapter-6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Anatomy and functions of tissue systems in dicots and monocots.

Chapter-7: Structural Organisation in Animals

Morphology, Anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory,respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of frog.

Chapter-8: Cell-The Unit of Life

Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life, structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Plant cell and animal cell; cell envelope; cell membrane, cell wall; cell organelles – structure and function; endomembrane system, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies; cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultrastructure and function); nucleus.

Chapter-9: Biomolecules

Chemical constituents of living cells: biomolecules, structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; Enzyme – types, properties, enzyme action. (Topics excluded: Nature of Bond Linking Monomers in a Polymer, Dynamic State of Body Constituents – Concept of Metabolism, Metabolic Basis of Living, The Living State)

Chapter-10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance

Chapter-13: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis, pigments involved in photosynthesis (elementary idea); photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration; C3 and C4 pathways; factors affecting photosynthesis.

Chapter-14: Respiration in Plants

Exchange of gases; cellular respiration – glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); energy relations – number of ATP molecules generated; amphibolic pathways; respiratory quotient.

Chapter-15: Plant – Growth and Development

Seed germination; phases of plant growth and plant growth rate; conditions of growth; differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; sequence of developmental processes in a plant cell; growth regulators – auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA;

Chapter-17: Breathing and Exchange of Gases

Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratory system in humans; mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans – exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration, respiratory volume; disorders related to respiration – asthma, emphysema, occupational respiratory disorders.

Chapter-18: Body Fluids and Circulation

Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; composition of lymph and its function; human circulatory system – Structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG; double circulation; regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory system – hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure.

Chapter-19: Excretory Products and their Elimination

Modes of excretion – ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; human excretory system – structure and function; urine formation, osmoregulation; regulation of kidney function – renin – angiotensin, atrial natriuretic factor, ADH and diabetes insipidus; role of other organs in excretion; disorders – uremia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis; dialysis and artificial kidney, kidney transplant.

Chapter-20: Locomotion and Movement

Types of movement – ciliary, flagellar, muscular; skeletal muscle, contractile proteins and muscle contraction; skeletal system and its functions; joints; disorders of muscular and skeletal systems – myasthenia gravis, tetany, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout.

Chapter-21: Neural Control and Coordination

Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humans – central nervous system; peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; generation and conduction of nerve impulse

Chapter-22: Chemical Coordination and Integration

Endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system – hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads; mechanism of hormone action (elementary idea); role of hormones as messengers and regulators, hypo – and hyperactivity and related disorders; dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goitre, diabetes, Addison’s disease. Note: Diseases related to all the human physiological systems to be taught in brief.

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Case Study Questions for Class 11 Biology PDF Download

We have provided here Case Study questions for Class 11 Biology for final board exams. You can read these chapter-wise Case Study questions. These questions are prepared by subject experts and experienced teachers. The answer key is also provided so that you can check the correct answer for each question. Practice these questions to score well in your exams.

CBSE 11th Standard CBSE Biology question papers, important notes, study materials, Previous Year Questions, Syllabus, and exam patterns. Free 11th Standard CBSE Biology books and syllabus online. Important keywords, Case Study Questions, and Solutions.

Class 11 Biology Case Study Questions

CBSE Class 11 Biology question paper will have case study questions too. These case-based questions will be objective type in nature. So, Class 11 Biology students must prepare themselves for such questions. First of all, you should study NCERT Textbooks line by line, and then you should practice as many questions as possible.

Chapter-wise Solved Case Study Questions for Class 11 Biology

• Chapter 1 : The Living World
• Chapter 2 : Biological Classification
• Chapter 3 : Plant Kingdom
• Chapter 4 : Animal Kingdom
• Chapter 5 : Morphology of Flowering Plants
• Chapter 6 : Anatomy of Flowering Plants
• Chapter 7 : Structural Organisation in Animals
• Chapter 8 : Cell : The Unit of Life
• Chapter 9 : Biomolecules
• Chapter 10 : Cell Cycle and Cell Division
• Chapter 11 : Transport in Plants
• Chapter 12 : Mineral Nutrition
• Chapter 13 : Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
• Chapter 14 : Respiration in Plants
• Chapter 15 : Plant Growth and Development
• Chapter 16 : Digestion and Absorption
• Chapter 17 : Breathing and Exchange of Gases
• Chapter 18 : Body Fluids and Circulation
• Chapter 19 : Excretory Products and their Elimination
• Chapter 20 : Locomotion and Movement
• Chapter 21 : Neural Control and Coordination
• Chapter 22 : Chemical Coordination and Integration

Class 11 MCQ Questions

Class 11 students should go through important Case Study problems for Biology before the exams. This will help them to understand the type of Case Study questions that can be asked in Grade 11 Biology examinations. Our expert faculty for standard 11 Biology have designed these questions based on the trend of questions that have been asked in last year’s exams. The solutions have been designed in a manner to help the grade 11 students understand the concepts and also easy to learn solutions.

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CBSE Important Questions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6- Anatomy of Flowering Plant

• Class 11 Important Question
• Chapter 6: Anatomy Of Flowering Plants

Crucial Practice Problems for CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 6: Anatomy of Flowering Plant

This article talks about the CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 6- Anatomy of Flowering Plants important questions free PDF. The questions are designed by the experts considering the latest NCERT syllabus issued by the CBSE board . These questions are created by Biology experts after detailed research on exam patterns and previous years' question papers . 

Solving these important questions will help students to prepare for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 effectively for their exams. The important concepts will be cleared by practising these questions. These questions cover the important topic of the chapters. Students can refer to CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 Important Questions for revision as well. It will boost students' confidence and help them in fetching more marks during the exam. There are high chances that some of these questions covered in the pdf may be asked in the examination. 

Download CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 6- Anatomy of Flowering Plants important questions free PDF through the link below.

Download CBSE Class 11 Biology Important Questions 2024-25 PDF

Also, check CBSE Class 11 Biology Important Questions for other chapters:

Topics Covered in Class 11 Biology Chapter 6-  Anatomy of Flowering Plants

The Tissue System

Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous Plants 

Secondary Growth

Boost your Performance in CBSE Class 11 Biology Exam Chapter 5 with Important Questions

Very Short Questions and Answers (1 Marks Questions)

1. Name the tissue represented by the jute fibers used for making the ropes.

Ans: Sclerenchyma is the tissue that is used for making ropes. 

2. Which kind of tools have polyarch vascular bundles?

Ans: The polyarch vascular bundles have Monocotyledonous roots.

3. What is heartwood?

Ans: It is the hard and central region of the tree trunk which is made up of xylem vessels.

4. State the role of pitch in the stem.

Ans : The role of Pith is to store food material.

5. Where are bulliform cells found in Leaves?

Ans: In leaves, bulliform cells are found in the upper epidermis of monocot leaves.

6. Which meristem does produce growth in length?

Ans: The meristem which produces growth in length is known as Primary meristem.

7. Which forms the cambial ring in a dicot stem during the secondary growth?

Ans: The cambial ring in a dicot stem during the secondary growth is formed by fascicular and interfascicular strips of the meristem.

8. Name the anatomical layer in the root from which the Lateral branches of root originate.

Ans: The lateral branches of the root originate from the Pericycle of the mature zone.

9. Which tissue of the leaf contains chloroplast?

Ans: Mesophyll tissue contains chloroplast. 

10. A plant tissue, when stained, showed the presence of hemicellulose and pectin in the cell wall of its cells. Name the tissue.

Ans: The tissue which showed the presence of hemicellulose and pectin in the cell is known as  Collenchyma.

11. Give the function of lenticels.

Ans: Lenticels permit the exchange of gases.

12. The vascular bundles are surrounded by a thick layer of cells. What is the name of the cells?

Ans: The vascular bundles are surrounded by a thick layer of cells called Bundle sheath cells.

13. Where are Casparian strips found? 

Ans: Casparian strip is  found in: Endodermis.

14.  Give the function of companion cells.

Ans: Maintain pressure gradient in sieve tubes.

15. Name two specialized kinds of parenchyma.

Ans: Two specialized kinds of parenchyma are: 

(i) Aerenchyma

(ii) Chlorenchyma.

16.  What is the function of companion cells in phloem?

Ans: Translocation of food material through sieve-tube members is done with the help of companion cells.

17.  Define meristem.

Ans: Meristem is a tissue found in plants. It is capable of dividing and giving rise to similar cells.

18.  When does a vascular bundle refer to as a closed bundle? 

Ans: Vascular bundles are referred to as closed bundles when cambium is absent. 

19. Name the aerating pores in the bark of stems.

Ans: Lenticels are the aerating pores in the bark of stems.

20.  What are sclereids?

Ans: These are hard, have thick walls, and are strongly lignified sclerenchyma cells.

21. Name the tissue represented by jute fibers used for making ropes? 

Ans: Sclerenchyma is the tissue used for making ropes. 

22.  Why are xylem & phloem called complex tissues?

Ans: Xylem and phloem are made up of more than one type of cell which works together as a unit, that's why these are called complex tissues. 

23. Name the types of wood in which vessels are absent.

Ans: Softwood like pinus is a type of wood in which vessels are absent.

25. What are the functions of tracheids?

Ans:  

(i) Tracheids help to transport water 

(ii) They provide mechanical support to the tree

Short Questions and Answers (2 Marks Questions)

1. Why is cambium considered to be lateral meristem?

Ans: Cambium is present along the lateral sides of the stem and roots that's why these are considered lateral meristem. Intrafascicular forms a ring called interstellar cambium is an example of the lateral meristem.

2. Give any four differences between tracheids and vessels.

Ans: The difference between tracheids and vessels: 

3. How do open vascular bundles differ from closed vascular bundles?

Ans: Open Vascular bundles:  In open vascular bundles cambium is present between the xylem and the phloem. It has the capability to form secondary xylem and phloem tissues.

Closed Vascular bundles: These in no presence of cambium in closed vascular bundles. Also, these are not capable of forming secondary xylem and phloem tissues.

4. What are trichomes? State their functions.

Ans: Trichomes are the epidermal hairs present on stems, seeds, or fruits. Trichomes help in the elimination of toxic substances. Also helps in excessive water loss by transpiration.

5. Given below are the various types of tissue and their functions. Which out of these is  not a matching pair and why:

(a) Collenchyma: provides mechanical support to the growing parts of plants. 

(b) Sclerenchyma: photosynthesis, storage, and secretion.

(c) Chlorenchyma: perform the function of photosynthesis. 

(d) Xylem: conduction of water and minerals.

Ans: Option (B)   Sclerenchyma: photosynthesis, storage, and secretion is not a matching pair. The function of the sclerenchyma is to provide mechanical support to the plant. 

6. Why is cambium considered to be a lateral meristem?

Ans:   Cambium is present along the lateral sides of the stem and roots that's why these are considered lateral meristem. Intrafascicular forms a ring called interstellar cambium is an example of the lateral meristem.

7. Mention four characteristics of sunflower's vascular bundles.

(i) Both Xylem & phloem occur as alternate separate patches on different radii.

(ii) Xylem is an exarch

(iii) The number of xylem bundles is equivalent to the number of rays. 

(iv) Diarch, Triarch, tetrarch, pentarchy, hexarch & poly arch.

8. Differentiate between tracheids & vessels.

Ans: The difference between tracheids and vessels is:

10. Distinguish between collenchyma & sclerenchyma.

Ans: The difference between collenchyma and sclerenchyma is :

11. Why large numbers of stomata are seen on the lower surface of dicot leaves in terrestrial plants.

Ans:   In green aerial plants stomata are found in the epidermis but they are abundant on the lower surface of dicot leaves and are helpful in the regulation of the process of transpiration.  

12. What is a stomatal apparatus? Draw a well-labeled diagram of stomata.

Ans: Stomata is present on the surface of leaves. It helps to regulate transpiration in plants and also in the exchange for Gases. The guard cells also regulate the opening and closing of stomata. The stomatal apparatus consists of stomatal aperture, guard cells, and surrounding subsidiary cells. 

13. How can you identify a monocot stem and a dicot stem? Give reasons.

Ans : The vascular bundles are scattered Also there is no distinction between pitch & cortex. Cambium is absent.  Dicot stem shows epidermis, cortex & stele while vascular bundles are closed. Epidermis bears appendages-trichomes. The vascular bundles are arranged in rings and also they are open.

14. Differentiate between xylem & phloem.

Ans: The difference between xylem & phloem :

15. Draw a well-labeled diagram of T.S. of monocot stem.

16. What is phellogen? What does it produce?

Ans: Phellogen is also known as cork cambium. It helps to protect the inner tissues in dicot stems and also it is developed from hypodermal cells. These cells are collenchymatous or even from epidermal cells near the cortex. Secondary tissues are produced by phellogen or cork cambium. These are more on the outer side than the inner side. (Not present in the current syllabus)

Long Questions and Answers (3 Marks Questions)

1. Differentiate between endarch and exarch conditions.

Ans: The difference between endarch and exarch conditions is: 

2. If you are provided with microscopic preparation of transverse sections of meristematic tissue and permanent tissue, how do you distinguish?

Ans: Meristematic tissues contain cells that can divide. These cells can exist in different shapes and also these cells don't have any intercellular space. The walls of these cells are thin and are rich in protoplasm,  vacuoles are absent.

Permanent tissues are obtained from meristematic tissue and contain cells that have a definite shape, size, and function. These cells can either have thin or thick walls. 

3. Differentiate between aerenchyma and collenchyma on the basis of their structure and function.

Ans: The difference between aerenchyma and collenchyma on the basis of their structure are:

4. Are there any tissue elements of phloem which are comparable to those of the xylem? Explain.

Ans: Tissue elements of phloem which are comparable to xylem :

 (a) Both sieve elements of phloem and vessel of the xylem lack nucleus.

 (b)  Both phloem and xylem fiber provide tensile strength to the tissue.

 (c) Phloem and xylem have living components called phloem parenchyma and xylem parenchyma. 

5. PaIm is a monocotyledonous plant, yet it increases in girth. How is it possible?

Ans:  Being a monocotyledonous plant, Palm still shows girth because of the division and the enlargement of the parenchymatous cells which are present in ground tissues. It helps in the girth of the stem and the growth is referred to as secondary growth.

6. Observe the figure and answer the following questions:

(i) Name parts (a)and(b)

(ii) Are those types of stomata observed in monocot or in dicot plants?

(iii) Which parts of the stomata constitute the stomata apparatus?   

(i) Part a is epidermal cell and part b is  guard cell

(ii) These types of stomata are observed in dicot plants.

(iii) Stomata, aperture, guard cells, and the surrounding subsidiary cells are the constituents of the stomata apparatus. 

7. Explain the structure & function of collenchyma.

Ans: Collenchymas contain cells that are polygonal. The walls are unevenly thickened. It is a simple tissue. Cells are more or less elongated with the primary, non-lignified cell wall. The nature of wall thickening is primary and also it is composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses & pectin materials which have a very good percentage of water. At the corners or angles of the cells, the thickening may be primarily,. They are found mostly in the hypodermis of herbaceous dicots in the form of homogeneous layers or in the patches.

Function:- This tissue provides strength to the plant. They also provide support to the growing organs of the plants.

8. What are sieve elements? Explain their types & functions.

Ans: These are the parts of phloem. They are helpful in the conduction and translocation of food material. Sieve elements are of two types:-

(a) Sieve cells:- These are found in pteridophytes and gymnosperms. They have perforated cell walls. 

(b) Sieve tubes:-  These are found in angiosperms. A number of sieve cells are connected to each other giving rise to a channel. 

9. State the location & function of different types of meristems.

Ans: A meristem is a group of cells that divide continuously and thus they produce new cells on the basis of location & function, the following are the types of meristem:-

(a) Apical Meristem:- These are found at the apices of stems, roots & branches. The apices help in the growth of parts of the plant.

(b) Intercalary Meristem:- Intercalary meristem helps in the growth of the middle position of a plant. It is made up of meristematic cells which divide in the stem. 

(c) Lateral Meristems:- These are found along the side of the stem. These include cambium & cork cambium. Its function is to provide thickness to the plant.

10. Describe the internal structure of a dicot root.  

Ans: The dicot root have the following structures:-

(a) Epiblema:- It is also known as the piliferous layer. From the outside of the epiblema, unicellular roots extend. 

(b) Cortex:- It is the part of the root which has large layers of rounded parenchymatous cells. These cells contain starch grains. Intercellular spaces are present. It helps in storing substances. 

(c) Endodermis:- It is present in the inner cortex &  it contains cells having a parallel shapes and no intercellular spaces. Its radial walls restrict the apoplastic flow of water to the inside. 

(d) Stele:- Stele is the central part of the root or stem. It contains tissues that are derived from the procambium.

11. Describe the elements of the xylem with the help of a suitable diagram.

Ans: Xylem is a complex tissue and it is made up of different types of cells which are as follows:-

(a) Tracheids:- These are long tube-like structures. Perforation openings are absent. They are dead. Their function is to help in the conduction of water & minerals.

(b) Vessels:- They are narrow tube-like structures. They have annular & spiral thickening in the protoxylem. They are wide and have Spira & pitted thickening in the metaxylem. They are dead. They help in the conduction of food and water from the roots to the upper parts of the plant. 

(c) Xylem parenchyma: Xylem parenchyma are living cells. They are also known as wood parenchyma. Also, they help in the storage of food and in the transportation of substances. 

(d) Xylem Fibres:- Xylem fibers are long,  pointed, dead sclerenchymatous cells. They are also known as wood fibers. They provide support and strength to the plant.

12. Distinguish between dicot root & monocot root.

Ans: The difference between dicot root & monocot root:

Very Long Questions and Answers (5 Marks Questions)

1. Describe the internal structure of a monocot root with the help of a labeled diagram.

Ans: Monocot root shows the following tissues:-

(a) Epidermis:- It is the outermost layer of the root. Intercellular spaces stomata & cuticles are absent. It had unicellular root hairs.

(b) Cortex:- It is found beneath the epidermis. It consists of a number of layers of parenchymatous cells which have large intercellular spaces.

(c) Endodermis:- It is the central layer of the cortex. It contains cells that are closely packed. It regulates the uptake of water and minerals by the roots. 

(d) Pericycle:- It contains a single layer of thin walled parenchymatous cells.

(e) Vascular Bundle:- Vascular bundle is the strand of vessels present in the stem and leaves of a plant. It consists of both the xylem and phloem. Thus it helps in water and food transport in plants.

2. What is wood? What are its different types?

Ans:  A secondary xylem is called wood. It is obtained by the metabolism of the plant i.e. secondary growth by cambium. It contains the bulk of the plant body in the dicot stem & dicot root. Wood can be classified into the following categories.

(i) Hardwood:- Angiosperms produce hardwood. It consists mainly of xylem vessels and thus it is called porous wood.

(ii) Softwood:- Gymnosperm produces softwood. It consists mainly of xylem tracheids and thus it is called non-porous wood.

(iii) Heartwood:_ It is formed during secondary growth. It contains dead cells. The cells are dark in color as they contain extractives like gums, resins, tannins, etc.

(iv) Sapwood:_ It is formed during secondary growth and also it is a peripheral part of the plant. It contains living cells. The cells have light colors as the extractives are absent.

(v) Earlywood:- This wood formed during a favorable season. Vessels & tracheids formed are larger in dimensions.

(vi) Latewood:- This wood formed during unfavorable seasons. The vessels & tracheids obtained are smaller in dimensions.

Practice Questions for CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Very short answer type questions.

Define permanent tissues.

Write three different types of meristematic tissue.

Which cell is responsible for curling the leaves in plants during water stress?

Short Answer Type Questions

Why are phloem and xylem considered as complex tissues?

Write the difference between guard cell and epidermal cell.

Define guard cells.

Long Answer Type Questions

Explain the secondary growth in roots with a diagram.

What are monocotyledonous plants?

What is the difference between dicot roots and monocot roots?

Extra Questions for Practice

What are bulliform cells?

What are guard cells and epidermal cells?

Explain Hutchinson’s system of classification?

Define Mesophyll.

Define Pith.

Benefits of Solving  CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 Important Questions

Following are some of the benefits of solving CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 Important Questions

Practising important questions will give students an overall idea about the important topics of the chapter.

Students can enhance their time management skills by solving important questions in a given time period.

Solving various types of questions for this chapter will enhance their problem-solving skills.

Students will be aware of the difficulty level of the questions, and the way questions can be framed in the exam

Practising questions repeatedly will enhance their confidence level.

Students will be able to handle any type of question in the exam, even the complex ones.

CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 important questions are the perfect study material for the students to get a strong hold on the important concepts. Practising the questions repeatedly will surely help students to confidently attempt questions in less time during exams. Apart from Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 important questions, Vedantu also provides Class 11 Chapter wise and Subject wise important questions. Explore the website to get the Class 11 Chapter  wise and Subject wise important questions.

Important Related Links for CBSE Class 11 

The Class 11 Biology Anatomy of Flowering Plants chapter is an essential chapter that introduces students to the internal structure of different plant organs, such as roots, stems, and leaves. It covers topics such as the different tissue systems that make up these organs, their functions, and adaptations. Students should pay close attention to this chapter and practice solving questions to gain a thorough understanding of the concepts. Vedantu provides comprehensive study materials, including notes, sample papers, and solutions to previous year question papers, to help students prepare for their exams. By mastering the concepts covered in this chapter, students can develop a deeper understanding of the complex structures and functions of flowering plants, which are essential for their survival and reproduction.

FAQs on CBSE Important Questions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6- Anatomy of Flowering Plant

1. How many questions are asked from Chapter 6  Anatomy of flowering plants of Class 11, in the NEET exam?

The Chapter Anatomy of flowering plants is the 6th Chapter of Class 11. It is an important chapter for the students who have to appear for the NEET exam. Students can get one or two questions from the chapter. It is a lengthy chapter. Therefore, students should carefully study the chapter from the NCERT textbook. Students can also refer to the important questions of  Chapter 6  Anatomy of flowering plants of Class 11 from Vedantu to prepare for the NEET exam. The solutions or any material provided by Vedantu are absolutely free of cost.

2. What is the Anatomy of a Flowering plant according to Chapter 6  Anatomy of flowering plants of Class 11?

The anatomy of a flowering plant includes different types of tissues. A flowering plant is made of different tissues having different functions. The meristematic tissues of a flowering plant divide throughout life to keep the plant young. The permanent tissue means the tissue does not divide further and the shape remains the same. Another type of tissue found in a flowering plant is the secretory tissue that helps in secretion.

3. How will you differentiate Xylem and Phloem according to the Chapter 6 Anatomy of flowering plants of Class 11?

Xylem and phloem are complex tissues because they are made of many types of cells. Xylem and phloem coordinate with each other to perform their functions. Xylem is present in the roots and helps in the conduction of water and minerals to all parts of the plant. Phloem helps in transporting food to other parts of the plant. Xylem and phloem are long tubes present in different parts of the plant.

4. Explain the different types of cells found in Xylem according to the Chapter 6  Anatomy of flowering plants of Class 11?

Xylem is made of three important cells: tracheid vessels, xylem fibres, and xylem parenchyma. The tracheids are long tubes having pointed ends. They offer strength to the plant and also helps in the ascent of sap from roots to the leaves. Xylem parenchyma conducts water and minerals to all parts of the plant. Xylem fibres are responsible for providing mechanical support to the plant. Thus, the Xylem is a complex tissue of the plant that helps to conduct water and minerals to the other parts of the plant.

5. Why is it important to study the Chapter 6  Anatomy of flowering plants of Class 11?

The study of the Chapter 6  Anatomy of flowering plants of Class 11 is important as it helps in understanding the different tissues that make up the different parts of a flowering plant. It also helps to know the functions of different tissues. Students can understand the drug plants and their actions after knowing the anatomy. The study also helps students to convert harmful substances into useful substances. The study of the Chapter 6  Anatomy of flowering plants of Class 11 also helps to understand the importance of flowering plants.

CBSE Class 11 Biology Important Questions

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• Chapter 6: Anatomy Of Flowering Plants

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 - Anatomy of Flowering Plants

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 Anatomy of Flowering Plants is categorised under Unit 2 – Structural Organisation in Plants and Animals. NCERT Solutions for Class 11 give students the perfect tool for learning as well as last-minute reference.

Solutions are crafted by a team of experts at BYJU’S who have extensive knowledge in their respective fields. NCERT Solutions are thoroughly reviewed for their facts and inclination to the latest provided in accordance with the syllabus.

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 – Anatomy of Flowering Plants

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Access Answers to NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 – Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Exercise Questions

1. State the location and function of different types of meristems.

The location and function of different types of meristems are as follows:

2. Cork cambium forms tissues that form the cork. Do you agree with this statement? Explain.

Yes, cork cambium forms tissues that, in turn, form the cork. When the stem increases in girth, another meristematic tissue known as phellogen or cork cambium grows in the cortex region of the stem. This phellogen cuts off cells on both sides. The outer cells differentiate into the phellem or the cork, while the inner cells differentiate into the phelloderm or secondary cortex. The cork is impermeable to water because of suberin, rendering protection to the tissues underneath.

3. Explain the process of secondary growth in the stems of woody angiosperms with the help of schematic diagrams. What is its significance?

The primary xylem and phloem exhibit the presence of a strip of cambium in woody dicot roots known as the interfascicular cambium, which is formed from the cells of the medullary rays connecting the interfascicular cambium. Hence, the continuous cambium ring is formed. The cambium separates from the newly formed cells on either side, while the cells found towards the exterior differentiate into the secondary phloem. The cells detach towards the pith giving rise to the secondary xylem. The secondary xylem is synthesised in excess compared to the secondary phloem.

When there is secondary growth in plants, the girth of the plants increases, along with an increase in the water content and nutrients in order to assist the ever-growing leaves, rendering support to the plants.

4. Draw illustrations to bring out the anatomical difference between

(a) Monocot root and Dicot root (b) Monocot stem and Dicot stem.

(a) Monocot root and Dicot root

Monocot root

(b) Monocot stem and Dicot stem

Monocot stem

5. Cut a transverse section of the young stem of a plant from your school garden and observe it under a microscope. How would you ascertain whether it is a monocot stem or a dicot stem? Give reasons.

The following characteristics can be used to distinguish if it is a monocot or a dicot stem:

6. The transverse section of a plant material shows the following anatomical features – (a) the vascular bundles are conjoint, scattered and surrounded by sclerenchymatous bundle sheaths. (b) phloem parenchyma is absent. What will you identify it as?

The traverse section is of Monocot stem. It is because the vascular bundles are dispersed in monocot stems. The phloem parenchyma is not found.

7. Why are the xylem and phloem called complex tissues?

Xylem and Phloem are called complex tissues because they are made of more than one type of cells which work together as a unit to perform the function. Xylem transports water, while phloem transports food.

8. What is the stomatal apparatus? Explain the structure of stomata with a labelled diagram.

Stomata are structures present in the epidermis of leaves. Stomata regulate the process of transpiration and gaseous exchange. Each stoma is composed of two bean-shaped cells known as guard cells which enclose the stomatal pores.

Guard cells are dumbbell-shaped, where their outer wall is thin, and the inner wall is highly thickened. These structures possess chloroplasts and regulate the closing and opening of the stomata. The epidermal cells near the guard cells, in some cases, become specialised in their structure, shape and size; they are referred to as subsidiary cells. The guard cells, the stomatal aperture and girdling subsidiary cells are collectively referred to as the stomatal apparatus.

9. Name the three basic tissue systems in flowering plants. Give the tissue names under each system.

Following are the three basic tissue systems in flowering plants:

Epidermal tissue system

The epidermal tissue system includes the epidermis and epidermal appendages. The epidermis comprises epidermal cells and guard cells, while the epidermal appendages include root hair, stem hair, stinging hair and glandular hair.

The ground tissue system

The ground tissue system is made up of simple tissues such as parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma.

Vascular tissue system

The vascular tissue system consists of complex tissues such as Xylem, phloem and vascular cambium.

10. How is the study of plant anatomy useful to us?

The study of plant anatomy is useful to us in the following ways:

• To understand structural adaptations in plants to different climatic conditions.
• Helpful in identifying monocots, dicots and gymnosperms.
• Physiological conditions can be studied, which helps in crop improvement.
• The study of plant fibres, such as flax, jute, etc., helps in their commercial exploitation, as it enables the prediction of the strength of wood which can be utilised to its potential.

11. What is periderm? How does periderm formation take place in the dicot stems?

Phellogen, phellem, and phelloderm are collectively known as periderm. While plants undergo secondary growth, the outer epidermal layer and the cortical layer are ripped due to cambium. In order to replace them, the cortex cells turn meristematic, which produces the cork cambium or the phellogen, which comprises thin-walled, narrow and rectangular cells.

The phellogen sheds cells on either side. The cells which shed from the exterior give rise to the cork or phellem. The suberin accumulates in its cell wall, making it impermeable to water, while the inner cells emerge to become the secondary cortex or phelloderm, which is parenchymatous.

12. Describe the internal structure of a dorsiventral leaf with the help of a labelled diagram.

Dicots exhibit dorsiventral leaves. When examined, the vertical section of a dorsiventral leaf consists of three different parts, and they are

• Epidermis – It is found on the adaxial epidermis (upper surface) and the abaxial epidermis (lower surface). On the outside, the epidermis is covered with a thick cuticle. Compared to the upper surface, the abaxial epidermis comprises more stomata.
• Mesophyll – It is a tissue found in between the abaxial and adaxial epidermises. This tissue is differentiated into the palisade parenchyma and the spongy parenchyma. The palisade parenchyma is composed of tall, compactly-arranged cells, while the spongy parenchyma comprises round or oval, loosely-arranged cells possessing intercellular spaces. Mesophyll comprises of chloroplasts that carry out photosynthesis.
• Vascular system – The vascular bundles that are found in leaves are closed and conjoint, which are engirdled by thick layers of bundle-sheath cells.

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 – Anatomy of Flowering Plants

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 Anatomy of Flowering Plants is grouped under Unit – 2 in the NCERT textbook for Biology Class 11. The marks that are allocated for this particular chapter as per past trends, roughly around 12 marks; that is, 17% of the question paper shall have questions appearing from this unit 2 – Structural Organisation in Plants and Animals.

Hence, students have to revise all the chapters under this unit thoroughly. Practising questions from NCERT solutions ought to be one of the best ways to achieve this, as solutions are provided in accordance with the answering methodologies expected from a Class 11 student.

The typology of questions that students can expect in the examinations is as follows:

• Knowledge-based
• Application-based
• Comprehension-based
• High-order thinking skills-based questions
• Evaluation type

List of subtopics covered in Chapter 6 – Anatomy of Flowering Plants

The Anatomy of Flowering Plants enriches students with a thorough knowledge of the different kinds of tissues a plant possesses. Plant tissues can broadly be classified into meristematic and permanent tissues. Tissues carry out some of the most crucial functionalities, such as rendering mechanical support, transportation of water and minerals, assimilation of food and its storage, photosynthesis, etc.

Through this chapter, students get enlightened about the anatomical features of each part in detail, right from the seeds, different parts of a monocot and dicot seed, its differentiation, different zones, etc. Hence, concepts are to be learned and understood thoroughly, as it would be helpful in Class 12, where the complete analysis would be carried out.

Key Features of NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 – Anatomy of Flowering Plants

• The solutions provided are to the point.
• Simple and easy to understand.
• Solutions are extremely beneficial sources even while preparing for competitive examinations.
• Solutions are available to download for free.
• Use neatly labelled diagrams wherever necessary.

Disclaimer – 

Dropped Topics – 

6.1 The Tissues 6.1.1 Meristematic Tissues 6.1.2.1 Simple Tissues (Para 2, 3) 6.1.2.2 Complex Tissues (Para 4) 6.4 Secondary Growth 6.4.1 Vascular Cambium 6.4.1.2 Activity of the Cambial Ring 6.4.1.3 Spring Wood and Autumn Wood 6.4.1.4 Heartwood and Sapwood 6.4.2 Cork Cambium 6.4.3 Secondary Growth in Roots Question nos 1, 2, 3, 7, 11

Frequently Asked Questions on NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6

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Class 11th Biology - Biological Classification Case Study Questions and Answers 2022 - 2023

Class 11th Biology - Biological Classification Case Study Questions and Answers 2022 - 2023 Study Materials Sep-09 , 2022

QB365 provides a detailed and simple solution for every Possible Case Study Questions in Class 11 Biology Subject - Biological Classification, CBSE. It will help Students to get more practice questions, Students can Practice these question papers in addition to score best marks.

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Biological classification case study questions with answer key.

Final Semester - June 2015

Since the dawn of civilisation, there have been many attempts to classify the living organisms. The classification was done instinctively based on the use of the organisms for human benefits and not on any scientific criteria. (a) Who was the first to classify organisms on a scientific basis? (b) How did he classify plants? (c) How did he classify animals?

Linnaeus classified aU organisms into two kingdoms Plantae and Animalia; this system was used till recently. But now it has been found that the two kingdom system of classification is inadequate. (a) Give four reasons to justify that the two-kingdom system of classification is inadequate. (b) Who proposed the five-kingdom classification?

Though the bacterial cell structure is very simple, they are very complex in their behaviour. Bacteria as a group show the most extensive metabolic diversity. (a) Mention the different modes of nutrition shown by bacteria. (b) How do Archaebacteria differ from other eubacteria?

Kingdom Protista is an artificial assemblage of unicellular eukaryotic organisms and its boundaries are not well-defined. This kingdom forms a link with other kingdoms, Plantae, Animalia and Fungi. (a) Mention two characteristics in which certain protists resemble plants. (b) Slime moulds resemble fungi in certain aspects and animals in some other aspects. Mention one feature each of fungi and animals, in which slime moulds resemble them. (c) Mention two features in which protozoans resemble Animalia.

Kingdom Plantae includes all eukaryotic chlorophyUbearing, autotrophic organisms. A few members are parasites or partially heterotrophic like insectivorous plants. (a) Name two insectivorous plants. (b) Give an example of a parasitic plant. (c) All plant cells have a cell wall. What is it mainly made of? (d) What is meant by alternation of generations?

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Important Questions Class 11 Biology Chapter 6

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A natomy of Flowering Plants Important Questions Class 11 Biology Chapter 6

Have you ever looked around and thought about how beautiful flowers are? How are they classified? What is their structure and form? How do we even identify each flower differently?

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Chapter 6 of Class 11 Biology in the NCERT book is about the Anatomy of Flowering Plants and it summarises all this essential information. It teaches about the tissues, the tissue system, the anatomy of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants, and secondary growth. So, to understand the chapter, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, this article contains a few of the questions and their solutions from our Important Questions Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 for students to study and benefit from.

Extramarks is one of the leading educational platforms in India that provides numerous study materials related to the CBSE curriculum and NCERT books. Our experts have made chapter-wise important questions to help students in their preparations. The Important Questions Class 11 Biology Chapter 6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants contains all the vital questions from this chapter. Students must follow these questions and answers to improve their knowledge and understanding of the subject.

Students can register on the official website of Extramarks and access study materials that correlate according to their preparation. You’ll find the CBSE syllabus, CBSE past years’ question papers, NCERT textbooks, NCERT solutions, vital formulas, CBSE sample papers , chapter-wise important questions, and much more after registering on our website.

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Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 Question Answers

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Apart from Biology Class 11 Chapter 6 Important Questions , students can easily find materials like NCERT Solutions, CBSE revision notes , and past year question papers from NCERT books.  

Given below are some of the questions and their answers from our question bank of Chapter 6 Class 11 Biology Important Questions.It’s recommended for students who want to maximise their potential and get excellent grades in Biology.

Q1. Why Is the cambium considered a lateral meristem? 

Answer 1. The cambium is classified as a latent meristem because it appears along the latent side of the stem and roots. It also appears tater than primary meristem. Cells of this meristem divide periclinal and increase the thickness of the plant body.

Q2. How do open vascular bundles differ from closed vascular bundles?

Answer 2: The term open vascular bundle denotes that these types of plants are open for secondary growth. However, closed vascular bundles are those which are closed for secondary growth i.e secondary growth will not take place.

Q3. How can you differentiate a monocot stem and a dicot stem? Give reasons. 

Answer 3:  

Q4. How would you distinguish between them if you are provided with a microscopic preparation of a transverse section of meristematic tissue and permanent Tissue?

Answer 4: Meristematic tissues are composed of cells that can divide, and these cells exist in different shapes without intercellular space between them. These cells are thin-walled and rich in protoplasm. They do not contain vacuoles. While permanent tissues are derived from meristematic Tissue, their cells have a definite shape, size, and function. These cells can be thin-walled (living) or thick-walled (dead).

Q5. Are there any elements of phloem which are comparable to those of Xylem? Explain. 

 (a) The phloem sieve elements are comparable to the Xylem vessel because of both tack nuclei. 

(b) Phloem and xylem fibre are similar because both provide tensile strength to the Tissue. 

(c) Phloem parenchyma and Xylem parenchyma are the living components of phloem and Xylem, respectively. 

Q5. PaIm is a monocotyledonous plant, yet it increases in girth. How is it possible? 

Answer 5. A pain louse is not a plant, hence does not have primary cambium in the vascular bundles of the stem. However, the tree grows in diameter. A secondary cambium may be found in the hypodermal region of the stem. The latter forms the conjunctive Tissue and patches of met cells. The activity of meristematic cells results in the formation of secondary vascular bundles. 

Q6. What is wood? What are Its different types?

 Answer6. Botanically, the secondary Xylem is called Wood. It is generated by the plant’s metabolism, which includes secondary growth by cambium that constitutes the bulk of the plant body in both the dicot stem & dicot root. Wood is classified into main categories.

(i)Hardwood: – Hardwood is the Wood produced by angiosperms. It consists mainly of xylem vessels, also called porous Wood. 

(ii)Soft Wood: – Softwood is the Wood produced by gymnosperms. It consists mainly of xylem tracheids & hence it is called a non-porous Wood. 

(iii) Heartwood: Heartwood is the central core of Wood formed during secondary growth. It consists of dead cells. The cells are dark in colour due to extractives like gums, resins, tannins, etc. 

(iv)Sap Wood: – It is the peripheral part of Wood formed during the secondary growth process. It consists of living cells, which are lighter in colour as the extractives are not present. 

(v)Early Wood: – Earlywood is the Wood formed during a favourable season. It mainly consists of vessels and tracheids. 

(vi)Late Wood: – Latewood is the Wood formed during unfavourable seasons. It mainly consists of vessels & tracheids.

Q7.Describe the internal structure of the monocot root. 

Answer 7. A Transverse section of the monocot root shows the following tissues:

(a)Epidermis: – Epidermis is the outermost root layer with no intercellular spaces, stomata, or cuticles. It also bears unicellular root hairs. 

(b)Cortex: – Cortex is present beneath the epidermis layer. It contains many layers of parenchymatous cells that have large intercellular spaces between them. 

(c)Endodermis: – The innermost layer of the cortex is called the Endodermis. The cells of the Endodermis are barrel-shaped with Casparian strips on their antifungal walls. The passage cells are seen just opposite the protoxylem ends. 

(d)Pericycle: – It consists of a single layer of thin-walled parenchymatous cells.

(e)Vascular Bundle: – The vascular bundles are radial, alternating Xylem & phloem. The xylem & phloem bundles are always more than six. The Xylem is exarch in condition. A large pith of parenchymatous cells occupies the central portion of the vascular bundles. The conjunctive Tissue is found between the xylem & phloem strands.

Q8. What are the three tissues systems classified in flowering plants? Name the tissues under every system.

In flowering plants, there are three basic tissue systems:

(a) Dermal tissue system – It is composed of the epidermis layer, which helps in protection. But during secondary growth, it is replaced by periderm.

(b) Vascular tissue system – It consists of Xylem and phloem, found in the stele. In the root system, the vascular bundles are renal and found in exarch conditions, whereas, in the stems, these vascular bundles are collateral.

(c) Ground or Fundamental Tissue – It includes all the tissues except dermal and vascular, which act as parenchyma and sclerenchyma cells. It is found mainly between the epidermis layer and vascular cylinder and is formed of thin-walled cells that include intercellular spaces between them. Collenchyma cells are usually thickened at the corners , whereas Sclerenchyma c is dead Tissue, without protoplast and provide mechanical support.

Q9. What do you mean by heartwood? Mention any two main characteristics of heartwood.

Heartwood is the hard central region of a tree trunk made up of xylem vessels that are not a part of the conduction as well as in the transportation of water.

The two main characteristics of heartwood are- 

• It is present in a non-functional and dead position.
• It is dark coloured in nature and filled with resins, tennis etc.

Q10 Point out the four major limitations of Wood.

The major limitations of Wood are 

as follows:

• i) It cannot change its physical and mechanical properties when its temperature increases.
• ii) It cannot be changed into new shapes and forms.

iii) It is the least resistant to infection caused by microorganisms and decay.

• iv) It is combustible.

Q11. Why should we study plant anatomy?

Plant anatomy helps to learn plant structure and solve various taxonomic problems related to medicine. Determining various pollutants in spices, coffee, tea, and tobacco saffron n is possible only when one knows this substance’s anatomy and morphants.

Pharmacology depends upon the anatomical studies of plant species to know about the drug plants and their actions on the human body. It also helps in forming spurious materials, which helps forensic experts in solving criminal cases.

Q12. How is a cambial ring formed in a dicotyledonous root?

Perennial dicotyledonous roots show secondary growth because of the formation of secondary meristems. At the same time, some parenchymatous cells in the phloem become meristematic. These cells then divide and generate cambium strips. 

This cambian ring lies on the inner side of the phloem cells. It is also cut off from the cambium on the inner and outer sides. The inner side cells generate secondary Xylem, while the outer side cells of the cambium generate secondary phloem. The primary phloem comes on the outside as the cambium forms a complete ring.

Q13. Explain  the phloem of an angiosperm with its components briefly.

Phloem is food and mineral conducting Tissue which consists of –

• Sieve elements: Sieve elements occur as a single cell in pteridophytes, gymnosperms and longitudinal files of cells in angiosperms. The morphological specialisation includes developing a sieve area on the walls bearing sieve plates. Also, the sieve plate bears many perforations.

The protoplasmic strands are continuous through these perforations within the adjacent sieve tubes. A thin layer of parietal cytoplasm and a large central vacuole is formed in a mature sieve element. One of the major important features of sieve elements is that they lack a nucleus at maturity.

• Companion cells: Companion cells are thin-walled, containing living narrow parenchyma cells closely associated with the sieve tube elements. They appear rounded or polygonal, containing dense granular cytoplasm, a prominent nucleus, and numerous small vacuoles. These companion cells lack starch.

The nuclei of the companion cells serve as the common nucleus of sieve tubes because they lack them. The companion cells mainly occur in angiosperms, accompanying the sieve tube elements.

• Phloem fibres: Phloem fibres form a prominent part of the primary and secondary phloem. They contain elongated cells with lignified walls having simple pits. These cells provide support and help in the transportation of food material. They are also used for making cords and ropes etc.
• Phloem parenchyma: Phloem parenchyma are the living parenchyma cells associated with sieve tube cells. These cells are elongated along with sieve tube cells. These cells are elongated and pointed in shape and store starch, fat, and other organic substances. The tannins and resins are also found in these cells, and They too are elongated like the sieve elements.

The sieve element is considered a living component which lacks a nucleus at maturity.

Q14. Define the following terms.

(i) Radial vascular bundles

(ii) Collateral vascular bundles

(iii) Exarch Xylem

(iv) Endarch xylem

(i) Radial vascular bundles: These are the bundles where the Xylem and phloem are arranged in different radii alternating. They also form separate bundles, which are called radial vascular bundles.

(ii) Collateral vascular bundles: These are the bundles where the Xylem and phloem are not arranged at the same radius. The Xylem is located internally, while the phloem is located externally. These can be open when there is a patch of cambium in between the Xylem and phloem, like in Helianthus, or they can be closed when there is no cambium at all. Like in the monocot stem.

(iii) Exarch xylem: It is the condition where the protoxylem is located towards the periphery of the axis while the metaxylem is located inwards, like in the root.

(iv)Endarch Xylem: It is the condition where the metaxylem is located towards the periphery of the axis while the protoxylem is located inwards, like in the stem.

(v) Stele: All the tissues that lie internal to endodermis are collectively called stele. The outermost layer of steel is known as the pericycle.

Distinguish between:

(i) Phellem and Phelloderm

(ii) Open Bundle and closed Bundle

(iii) Fascicular cambium and inter fascicular cambium

(iv) Conjoint vascular bundles and Radial vascular bundles

(v) Periderm and Bark

Philem: Philem is a dead tissue formed by the cork cambium’s activity in the cortex’s outer regions during secondary growth. It is protective in function.

Phelloderm: On the other hand, phelloderm is a living tissue formed by the cork cambium’s activity in the cortex’s inner side. It regains and regrows during secondary growth. It performs the function of storage.

Open Bundles are classified as avascular bundles containing cambium between Xylem and phloem. Like in a dicot stem.

Closed Bundles are classified as avascular handles lacking cambium between Xylem and phloem. Like in a monocot stem.

The fascicular cambium is a cambium strip found between the Xylem and phloem of each vascular Bundle of a dicot stem.

Interfascicular cambium is a cambium strip formed from the cells of medullary rays adjoining the fascicular cambium. Dining secondary growth occurs.

Conjoint vascular bundles contain Xylem and phloem, which lie in the same bundles. They also lie on different radii alternating with each other. The most common example is dicot and monocot root.

Periderm: It includes three tissues consisting of phellogen, phellem and phelloderm. These cells are formed in the peripheral region of the axis.

On the other hand, bark includes all the Tissue external to the secondary Xylem formed during secondary growth. These are cambium and secondary phloem.

Q16. What is a stomatal apparatus? Explain briefly. .

Stomata are structures that are present in the epidermis of leaves. They regulate the process of transpiration and gaseous exchange. Each stoma present is composed of two bean-shaped cells called guard cells. They enclose a stomatal pore.

These guard cells are dumbbell-shaped, where the outer wall is thin and the inner wall is thick. These structures possess chloroplasts which regulate the closing and opening of the stomata. The epidermal cells present near the guard cells become specialised in their structure, shape, and size. They are commonly referred to as subsidiary cells. The guard cells, the stomatal aperture and girdling subsidiary cells are collectively known as the stomatal apparatus.

Q17. What is the periderm layer? How does the formation of Pyridium take place in dicot stems?

Phellogen, phellem, and phelloderm are collectively referred to as periderm. While plants undergo secondary growth and development, the outer epidermal and cortical layers are ripped due to cambium. To replace the layers, the cortex cells turn meristematic, which produces the cork cambium or the phellogen, which comprises thin-walled, narrow and rectangular cells

The phellogen sheds cells on either side. The cells shed from the exterior give rise to the cork or phellem. The suberin accumulates in its cell wall, making it impervious to water, while the inner cells emerge to become the secondary cortex or phelloderm, which is parenchymatous.

Q.18 Describe the internal structure of a dorsiventral leaf.

Dicots exhibit dorsiventral leaves. When examined under a microscope, the vertical section of a dorsiventral leaf consists of three main parts, they are:

• Epidermis –The epidermis is the outermost root layer with no intercellular spaces, stomata, or cuticles. It also bears unicellular root hairs. 
• Mesophyll – it is a tissue found in between the abaxial and adaxial epidermises. This Tissue is

differentiated into the palisade parenchyma and the spongy parenchyma. The palisade parenchyma comprises tall, compactly arranged cells, while the spongy parenchyma comprises round or oval, loosely-arranged cells possessing intercellular spaces. Mesophyll comprises chloroplasts that carry out photosynthesis.

• Vascular system – The vascular bundles found in leaves are closed and conjoint, engirdled by thick layers of bundle-sheath cells.

Q.19 Phellogen and phellem, respectively, denote

(a) Cork and cork cambium 

(b) Cork cambium and cork

(c) Secondary cortex and cork 

(d) Cork and secondary cortex

Answer 19. Option b is the right answer.

Explanation – Phellogen and phellem, respectively, denote cork cambium and cork.

Q.20 What is the epidermal cell modification in plants which prevents water loss?

  In grasses, certain adaxial epidermal cells along the veins modify themselves into large, empty, colourless cells. These are called bulliform cells or motor cells. Bulliform cells help in the folding and unfolding of grass leaves.

The leaf surface is exposed when the bulliform cells in the leaves have absorbed water and are turgid. When flaccid due to water stress, the leaves curl inwards (inrolling) to minimise water loss (transpiration).

Q21. Epidermal cells are often modified to perform special functions in plants. Name some of them and the functions they perform.

Answer 21.- Some of the special functions epidermal cells perform are:

• Root hairs: The root hairs are unicellular elongations of the epidermal cells and help absorb water and minerals from the soil.
• Stem hairs or trichomes: The epidermal hairs are called trichomes on the stem. The trichomes present in the shoot system are usually multicellular.

They may be branched or unbranched. They may even be secretaries. One of the trichomes’ major functions is to help prevent water loss due to transpiration.

• Bulliform cells: In grasses, certain adaxial epidermal cells along the veins modify themselves into large, empty, colourless cells. These are called bulliform cells. The leaf surface is exposed when the bulliform cells in the leaves have absorbed water and are turgid. When flaccid due to water stress, the leaves curl inwards to minimise water loss.

Q22. What is the difference between lenticels and stomata?

Answer 22. 

In certain regions, the phellogen cuts off closely arranged parenchymatous cells on the outer side instead of cork cells. These parenchymatous cells soon rupture the epidermis, forming lens-shaped openings called lenticels.

• Lenticles permit the exchange of gases between the outer atmosphere and the internal Tissue of the stem. These occur in most woody trees. Lenticels remain open permanently.
• Stomata are structures present in the epidermis layer of leaves. Stomata regulate the process of transpiration and gaseous exchange. Each stoma comprises two bean-shaped cells known as guard cells which enclose the stomatal pore. In grasses, the guard cells are dumbbell-shaped, where the outer walls of guard cells are away from the stomatal pore, and the inner walls are situated towards the stomatal pore. The guard cells possess chloroplasts which regulate the opening and closing of stomata.

Q 23. What is  the smallest unit of life?

Answer 2 3. The cell is the smallest unit of life.

The cells can divide, multiply, grow and respond to environmental stimuli. Almost all cells, except primitive cells like bacteria and viruses, are composed of the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Also, they have the basic plasma cytosol and a colloidal structure.

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Q.1 Find out the correct statements for heartwood. 1. Made up of dead cells 2. Hard, durable and resistant to microorganisms 3. Lighter in colour with lower density 4. Conducts water and minerals from the root to leaf

Marks: 1 Ans

The secondary xylem of the old trees is dark brown due to the deposition of organic compounds in the innermost layers of the stem. That is why it becomes hard, durable and resistant to the attack of microorganisms and insects. This region is made up of dead elements and highly lignified walls and is known as heartwood. It gives mechanical support to the stem.

Q.2 The given image is showing the transverse section of a monocot root. Identify the labelled parts from the below-given options.

A-Endodermis, B-Metaxylem, C-Phloem, D-Pith

In monocot roots, endodermis is single layered and lies inner to the cortex. The vascular bundles are arranged in the form of a ring with pith in the center. Xylem is exarch i.e. protoxylem is towards outside and metaxylem is towards the centre. Phloem alternates with the xylem.

Q.3 Match column I with column II to find out correct combinations.

Q.4 In dicotyledonous leaves, palisade mesophyll cells are the chief photosynthetic cells. Which of the following is not an adaptation of palisade mesophyll cells to ensure maximum photosynthesis?

Palisade mesophyll cells exhibit various adaptations to ensure maximum photosynthesis. Some of these adaptations are as follows:

• The cylindrical shape, which allows maximum absorption of the sunlight
• Presence of numerous chloroplasts
• Located at the upper surface of a leaf that maximizes the absorption of light

Q.5 A tomato leaf is infected by a bacterium P. syringae . Which cell of the leaf was damaged that allowed the entry of bacterium?

An epidermal cell is the outer covering of the leaf. It protects the leaf from the entry of disease-causing pathogen. Mesophyll and palisade cells are present in the middle of a leaf, while the guard cell regulates the diffusion of water in a leaf.

Q.6 A slide was given to Andrew to identify the type of xylem. In this slide, proto-xylem is arranged towards the pith and meta-xylem is arranged towards the periphery. Identify the type of xylem.

Explanation:

On the basis of the relative position of proto-xylem and meta-xylem, xylem is of three types:

• Exarch: Protoxylem lies towards the outside of metaxylem
• Endarch: Protoxylem lies towards the centre of the axis
• Mesarch: Proxylem lies in the middle of the metaxylem

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It is advisable  to study the NCERT books thoroughly and practise all the mock tests and past papers  to get a glimpse of the l type of questions  expected in the final exam. Extramarks curriculum is based on the CBSE  syllabus and the NCERT books.  Extramarks subject matter experts (SMEs) prepare these exhaustive question banks, and going through  the Extramarks contents is good enough to help students get an in-depth understanding of the topics as well as the key concepts to perform  extremely well and get excellent s scores in exams. 

2. Why is it important to study Chapter 6, Anatomy of flowering plants of Class 11 Biology?

 The study of Chapter 6, Anatomy of flowering plants of CBSE Class 11 Biology is important as it helps you to develop an understanding of the different tissues that make up the various parts of a flowering plant. It also helps to know the functions of different tissues. Students understand plants and their actions much better when they know  the anatomy of plants. This study also helps students to stay away from harmful substances. Solving questions from Extramarks question bank of Chapter 6 Class 11 Important Biology Questions also helps one to revise and recall important points quickly and easily. 

3. Tell us something about the Anatomy of a Flowering plant described in Chapter 6 of Class 11 Biology.

The anatomy of a flowering plant includes different types of tissues, each having a different function. The meristematic tissues of a flowering plant divide throughout life, thereby keeping the plant young. The permanent Tissue means the Tissue does not divide anymore; thus, its shape remains the same. Another type of Tissue found in a flowering plant is the secretory Tissue that helps secretion.

4. What are the four sub-branches of Biology?

Botany, Human Biology, Microbiology, and Zoology are the four sub-branches of  Biology. 

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NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Biology Chapter 6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants

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Content Curator

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6  Anatomy of Flowering Plants   are provided in the article below. It covers all the important definitions, concepts, and methodologies that will be really beneficial for the students appearing for  CBSE Class 11 Exam 2022-23 . The important topics that are included in this chapter are:

• Anatomy and functions of different tissues and tissue systems

Expected no. of Questions: 1-2 questions of around 3 marks.

Download PDF: NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 Anatomy of Flowering Plants

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6

Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 Anatomy of Flowering Plants: Important Topics

The anatomy of flowering plants takes us deep into the arrangement of cells and tissues within the plant bodies of flowering plants. Anatomy is a branch of biology that deals with the study of the internal structures of living organisms. The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. In  multicellular organisms  several cells group together to impart a certain shape, structure, and function to an organism. Tissue is a group of cells with a common origin, structure, and functions.

Plants tissues are categorized into two types:

Meristematic tissue:  Cells divide actively.

• Apical meristem – found at the tip and produces primary tissues, e.g. dermal, vascular and ground tissues
• Intercalary meristem – occurs in grasses between matured tissues
• Lateral meristem – produces secondary tissues, e.g. cambium

Permanent tissue:  Such cells do not divide further after attaining their specialized structure and function.

• Simple tissue:  only one type of cell having the same structure and function
• Complex tissue:  more than one type of cell that works in coordination

Chapter Related Links:

CBSE Class 11 Biology Study Guides:

CBSE CLASS XII Related Questions

1. find out from internet what is golden rice., 2. describe briefly the followings: origin of replication bioreactors downstream processing, 3. all algae have.

• chlorophyll a and b
• chlorophyll b and carotenoids
• chlorophyll a and carotenoids
• phycobilins and carotenoids

4. Mention two strategies evolved to prevent self-pollination in flowers.

5. distinguish between (a) grazing food chain and detritus food chain (b) production and decomposition (c) upright and inverted pyramid (d) food chain and food web (e) litter and detritus (f) primary and secondary productivity, 6. give three hypotheses for explaining why tropics show greatest levels of species richness., similar biology concepts.

Anatomy of Flowering Plants

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NCERT Solutions For Class 11 Biology Anatomy of Flowering Plants

September 27, 2018 by phani

Topics and Subtopics in  NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 Anatomy of Flowering Plants :

NCRT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED

1.State the location and function of different types of meristems. Soln. Meristems are of three types on the basis of their location in plant body: (i) Apical meristem: It is present at the apices of root and shoot and is responsible for increase in length. (ii)Intercalary meristem: It is present at the bases of leaves above the nodes or below the nodes and is responsible for elongation of the organs. (iii)Lateral meristem : It is present on lateral side and is responsible for increase in girth or diameter.

2.Cork cambium forms tissues that form the cork. Do you agree with this statement? Explain. Soln. Yes, I agree with this statement. Cork cambium cuts off cells both on its outer side and inner side. The cells cut off on outer side form cork and cells cut off on inner side form secondary cortex. The cells of cork are dead whereas those of secondary cortex are living.

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5.Cut a transverse section of young stem of a plant from your school garden and observe it under the microscope. How would you ascertain whether it is a monocot stem or a dicot stem ? Give reasons. Soln. Vascular bundles in dicot stem are arranged in a ring whereas in monocot stem vascular bundles are scattered throughout the ground tissue. On the basis of arrangement of vascular bundles it can be ascertained whether the young stem is dicot or monocot. Besides undifferentiated ground tissue, sclerenchymatous hypodermis, oval or circular vascular bundles with Y shaped xylem are other differentiating features of monocot stem.

6.The transverse section of a plant material shows the following anatomical features – (a) the vascular bundles are conjoint, scattered and surrounded by a sclerenchymatous bundle sheath, (b) phloem parenchyma is absent. What will you identify it as? Soln. The plant material is identified as monocot stem.

7.Why are xylem and phloem called complex tissues? Soln. A group of different types of cells which perform common function is called complex tissue. Xylem and phloem are called complex tissues as all cells that work as a unit for a common function have different structural organisation. Xylem has four types of cells-tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma and xylem fibres. Phloem consists of sieve tube elements, companion cells, phloem parenchyma and phloem fibres. Xylem is associated with conduction of water and minerals from roots to top of plants and phloem is responsible for transport of organic food.

10.How is the study of plant anatomy useful to us? Soln. Study of internal structures of plants is called plant anatomy. Study of plant anatomy is useful: -for solving taxonomic problems. -for knowing homology and analogy of various plant groups. -to differentiate the superior and inferior, standard and substandard or specified and unspecified woods. -in establishing purity and correct identity of plant parts in pharmacognosy (science connected with sources, characteristics and possible medicinal uses). -in knowing the structural peculiarities of different groups of plants.

11 .What is periderm? How does periderm formation take place in the dicot stems? Soln. phelloderm, phellogen and phellem together constitute the periderm. Periderm is protective in function.Dicot stems produce cork cambium or phellogen in the outer cortical cells. Phellogen cells divide on both the outer side as well as the inner side to form secondary tissues. The secondary tissue produced on the inner side of the phellogen is called secondary cortex or phelloderm. On the outer side phellogen produces cork or phellem.

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CBSE Class 11 Biology Notes Chapter 6 Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Here, we have provided CBSE Class 11 Biology Notes Chapter 6 Anatomy of Flowering Plants. Students can view these CBSE Class 11 Biology Notes Chapter 6 before exams for better understanding of the chapter.

April 30, 2024

Table of Contents

CBSE Class 11 Biology Notes Chapter 6: These notes are really helpful for Class 11 students studying biology. They’re all about the anatomy of flowering plants, explaining how different parts of plants work.

Class 11 students must obtain well-structured Biology Class 11 Notes from experienced teachers. They are written in a way that’s easy to understand and cover everything you need to know for your exams.

In this article, we will discuss Anatomy of Flowering Plants in detail.

CBSE Class 11 Biology Notes Chapter 6 Anatomy of Flowering Plants PDF

CBSE Class 11 Biology Notes Chapter 6 can be used to help with this subject’s preparation for the CBSE Board exams. It is simpler for a student to receive better grades if they understand these subjects more.

CBSE Class 11 Biology Notes

You can find the PDF link for CBSE Class 11 Biology Notes Chapter 6, “Anatomy of Flowering Plants,” below.

The Tissue System

Plants are made up of cells, which are grouped into tissues that perform specific functions. These tissues are further organized into organs with specialized roles. Each organ within a plant has its own unique internal structure.

Tissues are categorized based on where they are located in the plant body. There are two main types of plant tissues:

Meristematic Tissue:

• Apical Meristem: Located at the tips of roots and shoots, this tissue produces primary tissues like dermal, vascular, and ground tissues.
• Intercalary Meristem: Found in grasses, it is situated between mature tissues.
• Lateral Meristem: Responsible for generating secondary tissues like cambium.

Permanent Tissue:

• Simple Tissue: Comprises a single cell type with a consistent structure and function.
• Complex Tissue: Made up of multiple cell types that work together in coordination.

There are three types of tissue systems based on their structure and location. These are:

• The Epidermal tissue system
• The ground or fundamental tissue system
• The vascular or conducting tissue system.

Epidermal Tissue System

The epidermal tissue system is like the plant’s outer coat, covering its entire body. It’s made up of different parts like epidermal cells, stomata, and little hair-like structures called trichomes. Picture it as the skin of the plant. This outer layer, called the epidermis, is made of closely packed cells forming a protective barrier. Epidermal cells are usually thin and filled with a big bubble-like vacuole.

They’re covered by a waxy layer called the cuticle, which helps keep water inside, kind of like how our skin keeps moisture in. Stomata are tiny holes in the leaf’s skin, allowing plants to breathe and release excess water. Each stoma has two guard cells that control its opening and closing. In grasses, these cells look a bit different, more like dumbbells. Surrounding the guard cells, there are some other special cells called subsidiary cells.

Together, they form the stomatal apparatus. The epidermis also has tiny hairs: root hairs in the soil and stem hairs, called trichomes, above the ground. These hairs help with absorbing water and minerals from the soil and reduce water loss through transpiration. They’re like the plant’s fuzzy coat, protecting it from drying out.

The Ground Tissue System

The ground tissue is like the body of a plant, supporting and filling it out. It’s made up of different types of simple tissues, like parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma. These tissues are the building blocks, helping the plant grow and stay strong. You can find them in various parts of the plant, except for the skin (epidermis) and the plumbing (vascular bundles).

In the stems and roots, you’ll see parenchyma cells in the cortex, pericycle, pith, and medullary rays. These cells are like the flexible, versatile workers, adapting to different tasks. In leaves, the ground tissue is called mesophyll, where you’ll find thin-walled cells full of chloroplasts, the plant’s green energy factories. Think of it as the plant’s flesh, providing support, storage, and energy production.

The Vascular Tissue System

The vascular system in plants is like their circulatory system, transporting nutrients, water, and sugars throughout the plant. It’s made up of two complex tissues: the phloem and the xylem. Together, these tissues form vascular bundles, which are like the plant’s blood vessels. In dicotyledonous stems, there’s a layer of tissue called cambium between the phloem and xylem. This cambium can produce secondary tissues, like more xylem and phloem, making these bundles “open” because they can grow wider.

But in monocotyledons, there’s no cambium present, so they can’t produce secondary tissues. These bundles are called “closed.” When you look inside a vascular bundle, you might see different arrangements. In radial bundles, the xylem and phloem alternate along different radii, like in roots. But in conjoint bundles, they’re grouped together along the same radius.

Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous Plants

Dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants differ in their anatomical structures. Dicots have two cotyledons, reticulate venation, and a taproot system with vascular bundles arranged in a ring. Monocots, on the other hand, have one cotyledon, parallel venation, and a fibrous root system with scattered vascular bundles. Let’s explore the tissue organization of roots, stems, and leaves in more detail.

Dicotyledonous Root:

• Epiblema: The outermost layer of the root with unicellular root hairs.
• Cortex: Consists of thin-walled parenchyma cells.
• Endodermis: Barrel-shaped cells with casparian strips, lacking intercellular spaces.
• Pericycle: Contains thick-walled parenchymatous cells, initiates lateral roots and vascular cambium.
• Pith: Small or inconspicuous.
• Conjunctive Tissue: Parenchymatous cells between xylem and phloem.
• Stele: Inner tissues including pericycle, vascular bundles, and pith.

Monocotyledonous Root:

• Similar anatomy to dicot root with epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, vascular bundles, and pith.
• More than six xylem bundles (polyarch) compared to dicot root.
• Large and well-developed pith.
• Does not undergo secondary growth.

Dicotyledonous Stem:

• Epidermis: Protective outer layer with trichomes and stomata.
• Cortex: Hypodermis, middle parenchymatous cells, and endodermis (starch sheath).
• Pericycle: Semi-lunar patches of sclerenchyma.
• Medullary Ray: Radially placed parenchymatous cells between vascular bundles.
• Vascular Bundles: Arranged in a ring with conjoint, open bundles and endarch protoxylem.
• Pith: Central portion with parenchymatous cells providing structural support and storage.

Monocotyledonous Stem:

• Sclerenchymatous Hypodermis: Provides mechanical strength beneath the epidermis.
• Numerous Vascular Bundles: Scattered throughout the stem, each surrounded by a sclerenchymatous bundle sheath.
• Conjoint and Closed Vascular Bundles: Smaller peripheral bundles compared to centrally located ones.
• Absence of Phloem Parenchyma: Water-containing cavities within the vascular bundles.

Dorsiventral (Dicotyledonous) Leaf:

• Epidermis: Covers both upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces with a small cuticle, more stomata on the abaxial surface.
• Mesophyll: Chloroplast-containing parenchyma cells between upper and lower epidermis, consisting of palisade parenchyma (adaxially placed) and spongy parenchyma (below palisade cells).
• Vascular System: Vascular bundles surrounded by thick-walled bundle sheath cells, visible in veins and midrib.
• Vein Thickness: Varying thickness in reticulate venation of dicot leaves.

Isobilateral (Monocotyledonous) Leaf:

• Similar anatomy to dorsiventral leaf but with stomata on both epidermal surfaces.
• Undifferentiated Mesophyll: No differentiation into palisade and spongy parenchyma.
• Parallel Venation: Veins run parallel in monocot leaves.
• Bulliform Cells in Grasses: Adaxial epidermal cells along veins modify into large, empty bulliform cells, responding to water availability by altering leaf surface exposure.

Secondary Growth

Secondary growth, a process characterized by the widening or thickening of plant stems or roots, contrasts with primary growth, which occurs at the tips. This lateral expansion, typical in dicots and gymnosperms, leads to the formation of woody tissues. Key to secondary growth are two lateral meristems: the vascular cambium and cork cambium.

The vascular cambium generates secondary xylem inward and secondary phloem outward, enhancing mechanical support and facilitating water and nutrient transport. Meanwhile, the cork cambium produces cork cells to replace the epidermis, forming protective bark. The annual rings seen in tree cross-sections reveal growth patterns influenced by environmental conditions. Secondary growth is vital for creating robust and enduring plant structures.

Benefits of CBSE Class 11 Biology Notes Chapter 6 Anatomy of Flowering Plants

• Clear Understanding: Helps in understanding the internal structure of plants like roots, stems, and leaves.
• Exam Preparation: Useful for exam preparation, covering important topics of plant anatomy.
• Subject Experts: Created by subject experts, ensuring reliable and accurate information.
• Visual Aid: Includes diagrams and illustrations for better visualization and comprehension.
• Concept Clarity: Enhances understanding of tissues, vascular systems, and growth processes.
• Comprehensive Coverage: Covers all essential concepts and topics related to plant anatomy.
• Simplified Language: Written in easy language for better understanding by students.

CBSE Class 11 Biology Notes Chapter 6 FAQs

These notes cover topics such as tissue systems, types of tissues, anatomical features of roots, stems, and leaves, vascular tissue systems, and secondary growth.

Yes it is very important topic for NEET 2024.

Studying plant anatomy is important for understanding the internal structure of plants, including tissues, cells, and organs. This knowledge aids in improving agricultural practices, assessing environmental impact, and advancing medicinal research.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 11th: Ch 6 Anatomy of Flowering Plants Biology

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Assertion Reason Questions for Biology Chapter 6 Anatomy of Flowering Plants

• Last modified on: 3 years ago
• Reading Time: 15 Minutes

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason. Mark the correct choice as: (a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. (b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion. (c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false. (d) If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q.1. Assertion : Apical meristem of root is subterminal. Reason: At the terminal end of root, root cap is present.

Q.2. Assertion : Histogen theory is not applicable to shoot apex. Reason : The shoot apex is not clearly divided into three layers.

Q.3. Assertion : Higher plants have meristematic regions for indefinite growth. Reason : Higher plants have root and shoot apices. [AIIMS 1997]

Q.4. Assertion: Apical meristem and intercalary meristem both are primary meristems. Reason: Both of these meristems appear early in life of a plant and help in the formation of the primary plant body.

Q.5. Assertion: Lateral meristems include fascicular vascular cambium, interfascicular cambium and cork-cambium. Reason: These are responsible for forming the secondary tissues.

Q.6. Assertion: Higher plants have meristematic regions for indefinite growth. Reason: Higher plants have root and shoot apices.

Q.7. Assertion: Quiescent centre is found in the centre of the root apex. Reason: It consists of actively dividing cells.

Q.8. Assertion: Intercalary meristems increase length of plant like apical meristems. Reason: It originates from the apical meristems.

Q.9. Assertion: Apical and intercalary meristems contribute to the growth in length, while the lateral meristems cause increase in girth in maize. Reason: Apical and intercalary meristems always increase the height of plants.

Q.10. Assertion: In grasses and cereals, intercalary meristems are present. Reason: Intercalary meristems form permanent tissues.

Q.11. Assertion: Collenchyma forms the hypodermis of dicotyledon stems. Reason : This is the reason for flexibility of dicotyledonous stems.

Q.12. Assertion : Aerenchyma help in buoyancy to hydrophyte plants. Reason : The large air chambers are present in aerenchyma.

Q.13. Assertion : Collenchymatous cells show thickenings of pectin. Reason : Collenchyma is thick walled dead tissue.

Q.14. Assertion: A simple tissue is made of only one type of cells. Reason: Various simple tissues in plants are parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma.

Q.15. Assertion: Sclerenchyma cells do not possess plasmodesmata. Reason: The cell walls of some permanent tissues are heavily lignified.

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Case Study Questions Class 11 Biology Animal Kingdom

Case study questions class 11 biology chapter 4 animal kingdom.

CBSE Class 11 Case Study Questions Biology Animal Kingdom. Important Case Study Questions for Class 11 Board Exam Students. Here we have arranged some Important Case Base Questions for students who are searching for Paragraph Based Questions Animal Kingdom.

CBSE Case Study Questions Class 11 Biology Animal Kingdom

Though all members of Animalia are multicellular, all of them do not exhibit the same pattern of organisation of cells. For example, in sponges, the cells are arranged as loose cell aggregates, i.e., they exhibit cellular level of organisation. Some division of labour (activities) occur among the cells. In coelenterates, the arrangement of cells is more complex. Here the cells performing the same function are arranged into tissues, hence is called tissue level of organisation. A still higher level of organisation, i.e., organ level is exhibited by members of Platyhelminthes and other higher phyla where tissues are grouped together to form organs, each specialised for a particular function. In animals like Annelids, Arthropods, Molluscs, Echinoderms and Chordates, organs have associated to form functional systems, each system concerned with a specific physiological function. This pattern is called organ system level of organisation. Organ systems in different groups of animals exhibit various patterns of complexities. For example, the digestive system in Platyhelminthes has only a single opening to the outside of the body that serves as both mouth and anus, and is hence called incomplete. A complete digestive system has two openings, mouth and anus. Similarly, the circulatory system may be of two types: (i) open type in which the blood is pumped out of the heart and the cells and tissues are directly bathed in it and (ii) closed type in which the blood is circulated through a series of vessels of varying diameters (arteries, veins and capillaries).

1.) When two or more organs work together to perform a specific function, this pattern is called is termed as _______________.

d) Organ System Level of Organisation

a.) Statement 1 and 2 is correct

4.) Complete digestive system – When digestive system consist of a digestive tract with two openings. One opening is the mouth. The other is the anus, such digestive system is called as complete digestive system.

For example, the digestive system in Platyhelminthes has only a single opening to the outside of the body that serves as both mouth and anus, and is hence called incomplete.

b) Internal endoderm cell arrangement

c) Both a and b

5.) Notochord is a mesodermally derived rod-like structure formed on the dorsal side during embryonic development in some animals. Animals with notochord are called chordates and those animals which do not form this structure are called non-chordates, e.g., porifera to echinoderms.

d.) Both a and b

3.) Define Cnidocytes. Give its function.

Phylum – Platyhelminthes

Statement 2 – Flame cellsis specialised excretory cell.

b.) extend notochord from head to tail region

Phylum Chordata is divided into three subphyla:

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