phd written exam

What is a PhD Test / PhD qualifying exam?

Embarking on a PhD journey is a significant milestone in an academic career, and the PhD qualifying exam plays a crucial role in determining a student’s ability to progress in their program.

This exam, which tests a candidate’s understanding of their chosen field and their capacity to conduct high-level research, typically includes both written and oral components.

Success in this exam depends on thorough preparation, consistent study, and maintaining a balanced lifestyle.

The PhD qualifying exam serves as an assessment of a doctoral student’s comprehension of their chosen field and their ability to conduct high-level research. Passing this exam is a prerequisite for advancing to the next stage of their graduate program and commencing their dissertation research.

Here’s everything you need to know about it!

What is a PhD Qualifying Exam?

A PhD qualifying exam, a critical milestone in a doctoral student’s journey, serves as an assessment of a student’s comprehension of their chosen field and their ability to conduct high-level research.

Passing this exam is a prerequisite for advancing to the next stage of their graduate program and commencing their dissertation research.

Usually taken after completing coursework and before starting dissertation research, the qualifying exam’s format can differ by field of study.

Generally, students are required to answer questions posed by a committee of professors who are experts in their research area.

Success in this exam depends on demonstrating a deep understanding and command of their field.

The process reveals various tips and strategies for preparing for and succeeding in a qualifying exam.

Early preparation is essential, and students should allocate consistent study time, create a study schedule, and break their materials into digestible sections. They should also practice answering questions, ideally by simulating the exam with mock calls or committees.

During the exam, students should remember that they are in control of the conversation and steer it in their preferred direction. Instead of apologizing for not knowing an answer, they should use logical reasoning to provide educated guesses.

Taking time to answer questions and limiting responses to precise, succinct answers can also lead to success.

Finally, showing excitement about their project and viewing the exam as an opportunity for an engaging conversation with experts can make a significant difference.

Key Takeaways:

• The PhD qualifying exam is a critical milestone that assesses a student’s understanding of their chosen field and their ability to conduct research. Passing this exam allows students to progress to the next stage of their graduate program and begin their dissertation research.
• Adequate preparation is crucial for success in the qualifying exam. This includes allocating consistent study time, creating a study schedule, breaking materials into digestible sections, and practicing answering questions through simulations or mock committees.
• During the exam, students should remain confident and in control of the conversation, providing logical reasoning for educated guesses when unsure of an answer. Embracing the exam as an opportunity for engaging discussion with experts and learning from any mistakes will ultimately aid in academic advancement.

Failure is not the end of the journey; many students fail and later succeed after regrouping and learning from their mistakes.

With determination and the right strategies, students can conquer the PhD qualifying exam and advance in their academic careers.

What is the Format of the PhD Qualifying Exam? Oral, Written?

The format typically includes both a written and an oral component. The written exam involves answering questions related to the student’s research area and the surrounding literature.

The oral exam usually comprises a discussion of the student’s research proposal and the interpretation of research data.

Conducted by a committee of faculty members who are experts in the student’s research area, the qualifying examination evaluates the student’s performance on the written and oral components to determine their eligibility for moving forward with their PhD research.

The exam is taken at the end of the student’s second year or after the completion of their coursework.

In the case of an unsuccessful first attempt, a retake or second attempt may be granted, although a unanimous decision is often required from the committee members.

The PhD qualifying exam is an integral part of the graduate program admission process, ensuring that only the most qualified students are granted the opportunity to pursue a doctoral degree.

The PhD qualifying exam is a vital step in a student’s journey towards earning their doctorate, requiring dedication, preparation, and a deep understanding of their area of research to achieve success.

How Long Is the PhD Qualifying Exam?

Typically consisting of a written or oral examination, this comprehensive exam tests a student’s understanding of fundamental concepts in their chosen field.

Ranging from several hours to even days, the exam comprises multiple questions or tasks, assessing the candidate’s ability to apply their knowledge to complex problems.

The duration of the exam may differ across institutions, faculty expectations, and subject matter, but the importance of thorough preparation and mastering the subject matter remains constant.

With helpful tips and guidance from many schools and advisors, students can navigate this rigorous process, ultimately paving the way for their PhD candidacy and dissertation defence.

How Do You Prepare for the PhD / Doctoral Qualifying Exam? Tips to ace the test!

Preparing for the PhD qualifying exam can be an intimidating process, but with the right approach, it is manageable. As a crucial milestone in the PhD journey, this exam determines whether a student is qualified to continue their studies. To excel, consider the following steps and insider tips:

• Understand the exam format and requirements: Start by reviewing guidelines and past papers provided by your university to understand what to expect. Familiarizing yourself with the format helps to reduce anxiety and focus on the content.
• Create a study schedule : Allocate sufficient time to review course materials and research papers related to your field of study. A well-structured study schedule ensures that you cover all necessary material and stay on track.
• Form a study group: Collaborate with fellow PhD students to discuss and review material together. Sharing insights and learning from each other can strengthen your understanding and address any gaps in your knowledge.
• Practice with past exam papers: Working through past papers and taking self-assessment tests regularly will help you gauge your progress and identify areas that need improvement.
• Maintain physical and mental health: Don’t underestimate the importance of self-care during the preparation phase. Prioritize good sleep, healthy eating habits, and regular exercise to improve focus and concentration.
• Seek guidance: Consult your advisor or committee members for tips and insights on how to approach the exam. Their experience can provide invaluable guidance and help you avoid potential pitfalls.

Thorough preparation and discipline are crucial to succeeding in the PhD qualifying exam. By following these steps and maintaining a balanced lifestyle, you will be well-equipped to face this critical academic challenge.

What other entry tests and requirements are there for PhDs?

When pursuing a PhD, applicants must navigate a complex admission process that often goes beyond submitting academic transcripts and letters of recommendation. Various entry tests are required to assess a candidate’s suitability for doctoral study. One of the most common exams is the GRE (Graduate Record Examination), which measures a candidate’s aptitude for graduate-level work.

However, some universities and colleges may require subject-specific exams, such as the GRE Subject Tests, to evaluate an applicant’s knowledge in a particular discipline. These tests can be particularly important for PhD programs that demand a high level of specialization in a specific field.

In addition to these standardized tests, some PhD programs require applicants to have completed a Master’s degree in a relevant field before being considered for admission.

This prerequisite ensures that candidates possess a solid foundation in their chosen discipline and are prepared for the rigorous demands of doctoral research.

Another important aspect of the PhD application process is the submission of a research proposal, personal statement, or other supporting documentation.

These materials demonstrate the applicant’s interest, expertise, and ability to specialize in a particular area of study.

Lastly, international students may need to take an English proficiency test, such as the TOEFL or IELTS, to demonstrate their language skills if the program is conducted in English.

Entry tests and requirements for PhDs can vary significantly depending on the subject area and the institution. Prospective students should carefully research their options and ensure they meet all necessary criteria for the doctorate they wish to pursue.

Wrapping up – PhD/Doctoral Entrance examinations

The PhD qualifying exam plays a crucial role in a doctoral student’s academic journey, testing their understanding of their chosen field and their ability to conduct high-level research.

This comprehensive exam, which typically consists of both written and oral components, determines a student’s eligibility to progress in their PhD program.

To succeed in this exam, students must engage in thorough preparation, create a study schedule, form study groups, and maintain a balanced lifestyle that prioritizes physical and mental health.

In addition to the PhD qualifying exam, various entry tests and requirements, such as the GRE, subject-specific exams, and research proposals, may be necessary to assess a candidate’s suitability for doctoral study.

By understanding these requirements and dedicating the necessary time and effort to prepare, aspiring PhD students can navigate this challenging process and work toward achieving their academic goals.

Dr Andrew Stapleton has a Masters and PhD in Chemistry from the UK and Australia. He has many years of research experience and has worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow and Associate at a number of Universities. Although having secured funding for his own research, he left academia to help others with his YouTube channel all about the inner workings of academia and how to make it work for you.

Thank you for visiting Academia Insider.

We are here to help you navigate Academia as painlessly as possible. We are supported by our readers and by visiting you are helping us earn a small amount through ads and affiliate revenue - Thank you!

2024 © Academia Insider

LPL Grad Site

How to Pass Your Ph.D. Qualifying Exam

Successfully passing your comprehensive exams will involve a fair bit of organization beforehand on your part. As always, the best way to get a grip on these exams is to talk to people. Talk to your advisor and committee members about what their expectations and/or reservations are. Talk to the grad students to hear what the exams are actually like. We're all more than willing to help you out (even if we do like telling scary orals stories!).

As of the 2013-14 academic year, the requirements for the Planetary Science Ph. D. include a written comprehensive exam, to be completed before attempting the oral comprehensive exam. See How to Pass The Writtens page for more information about the Writtens!

Oral Qualifying Exam

Fondly known as orals, this exam is as scary as the stories you'll hear about them, but no worse. The oral portion of the qualifying exam is intended to test your ability to conduct the research necessary to complete a Ph. D. Thus it is the point where you present your proposed dissertation research plan to your committee. It is expected to last at least two but not more than three hours.

The Official LPL Policy on Oral Preliminary Exams can be found at the following links:

Ph. D. Requirements (PDF)

Ph. D. Procedures (PDF)

A Sample Timeline for Completing the Oral Qualifying Exam

Prerequisites for taking the oral qualifying exam.

You must have completed all required PTYS core classes and your minor classes before you may take your orals. You will have to take more classes to fulfill the requirement to graduate, but not before your Orals. The University stipulates that your oral exam be taken within one year of your written exam. If you have not been working on your project long enough to feel prepared, or if extenuating circumstances prevent you from taking the exam in this time frame, you must petition the Graduate College to take the exam after one year. This is usually a lot of paperwork but not a big problem in terms of getting the extension. See Amy Brenton for information on how to petition.

Three months prior: Choose your Committee

Five or more faculty members administer the test. Your committee consists of, at least, your advisor, the same two other LPL faculty that were on your written exam committee, your minor advisor, and the department standing member. The standing member is common to all orals committees to ensure continuity within the department--you must have this person at your exam. Additional members (including external members) can be added if you want. You personally choose your 5-person committee with the help of your advisor and the Graduate Admissions and Advising Committee.

Do not underestimate the difficulty of assembling five committee members into one room at the same time for the exam! Start emailing potential committee members well in advance of your desired date, and offer them multiple options (10 or so) of possible dates for scheduling. Don't forget holidays and department scheduled colloquia and such, it is best to avoid those when choosing a date.

One or two months prior: Individual Meetings

It is a very good idea to meet with your committee members individually to discuss your proposed research and their expectations for your oral exam. Often these meetings will be very helpful in directing your studying for the exam. Again, due to scheduling difficulties, it is wise to start setting up these meetings as early as possible.

One month prior: UAccess Grad Path Forms

Fill out all of the necessary forms on UAccess Grad Path. This will be your Doctoral Plan of Study (if you haven't completed it already), your Comp Exam Committee Appointment Form, and when those are finished, your Announcement of Doctoral Comprehensive Exam. Each form will become available when all the prior forms are filled out.

One month prior: Set up "Practice Orals"

It is also a good idea to have a "practice orals" session with a practice "committee" made up of grad students who have taken orals with the members of your real committee. Treat this like the real thing, reserve the projector and room, ask your "committee" to ask you difficult questions like those you expect in the actual exam. Once again, start scheduling this practice session well in advance of the exam, due to grad students' busy schedules. Shoot for a date that is one or two weeks before your actual exam.

Three weeks prior: Proposals Due

Distribute your primary and secondary proposals, as well as a copy of your Doctoral Plan of Study, to your committee members three weeks in advance of the date.

Suitable propositions for research may be of various forms such as:

• a non-trivial original scientific assertion that can be defended as plausible on the basis of existing data
• an outline of a research project by which a significant contribution to knowledge would result
• a truly compelling criticism of a conclusion drawn by a reputable scientist in the open literature
• an originally conceived principle by means of which a large number of scientific facts may be understood

Some example proposals from past grad students can be found on the  Oral Exam Proposal Examples  page.

One week prior: Create Presentations

You will present your primary project in the first 15 minutes of the exam. This presentation needs to show the committee that your research topic is of value to the scientific community, and your goals are achievable in a reasonable period of time. Don't forget to prepare and practice this presentation! You should also prepare a secondary project presentation (10 minutes), but do not expect to give this presentation unless the committee specifically requests to see it.

During the Exam: What Happens?

The exam must be no less than two hours, and no more than three hours. Each committee is different, but there are a few basic guidelines for how oral exams should typically go.

The committee will need to discuss their procedures (who asks the first question, how many questions each) sometime near the beginning of the exam, either before the exam starts, or after the 15-minute presentation. They will ask you to leave the room for this.

Each committee member will typically ask one or two questions, and often ask followup questions to lead you through a problem. They will want to see you write things on the board: equations, plots, diagrams, anything that shows your thought process.

The purpose of the exam is not only to quiz you but also to evaluate the thought process that leads to the answers you give. It is often valuable to talk through a question as you work it out--the oral equivalent to "show all work." You'll also be expected to be able to answer questions and refute criticism of either the logic or the importance of both of your proposals and to relate your ideas to other areas in planetary science.

Midway through the exam, you will be given a short break. At the end of the exam, they will again ask you to leave, and they will discuss your performance and vote on the outcome of the exam.

The outcome

You have two chances to take the exam subject to the approval of your committee, the Department, and the Graduate Council. If you pass the first time, congratulations! However, if the committee feels that your general knowledge is deficient or that your research topic is either inappropriate or inadequate, they may do one of two things: pass you conditionally and ask you to reappear before the committee, or not pass you at all. If you fail the first time, you're not the only one!! Don't get permanently discouraged. Your advisor will go over the committee's recommendations with you. You may retake the exam after six weeks, but you may have up to a year to redo them if you like.

Some Tips/Wisdom

( from Pete Lanagan )

When you go into orals, you will be one person being tested by at least five people who are experts in their fields. You are not expected to match their knowledge for the simple reason that you can't. I don't care how much you prepare or how many facts you can cram. You will not pass on book knowledge alone.

A good orals committee will test your ability to work through unfamiliar problems. Some questions will be deceptively easy. Some questions will be hard. If you already know what they are asking, good committee members will continue asking you more questions (perhaps on the sametopic, perhaps on a different topic) until they find something with which you're unfamiliar. At that point, you will have to show off your ability to address the unfamiliar problem.

By all means, be familiar with material taught in the core classes. Redo homework problems. Certainly know the in's and out's of your primary project and backup project.

But, most importantly, practice how to solve unfamiliar problems orally. Know what is being asked and rephrase the question aloud. State what is known aloud. State the assumptions aloud. State what you need to know aloud. Practice drawing diagrams related to the problem in real-time. Practice doing math under pressure. Practice speaking about your problem-solving approach aloud.

A few tips:

• Do practice how to solve problems aloud. In the exam, show the committee your thought process.
• Related to #1, if you have no feakin' idea how to approach the problem, frame the question for the committee aloud. State what's known. State your working assumptions. State what facts you need to know. (In some cases, the committee might throw you a bone in the form of a suggestion to see how you approach the rest of the problem.)
• Don't give up hope if you feel you aren't doing well. Few people come out of orals without experiencing some degree of mental anguish. Most committees look more favorably on someone who tries and struggles than someone who gives up.
• Take charge of your exam any way you can. For example, if you need the committee to shut up for a minute so you can think, tell them to shut up (preferably in a polite way). Just remember to start talking about the problem again once you've thought about the issues for a minute. (During a break in my orals, I was actually told by a committee member that telling my committee to be quiet for a minute so I could think was a good move.)
• Don't BS the committee. Just don't.

More lessons learned from post-orals grads: (feel free to add to this!)

• Start trying to set a date early. Faculty schedules are hard to work around, and you have to coordinate 5 of them. If they're extremely busy, double-check with their admin assistants that they really will be in town. When you finally find a date that works for all of them, confirm it with them, and remind them a few times. It has actually happened that someone's advisor forgot about their exam, and had to be called at home to come in. You don't need that extra stress!
• You need a LARS account if you don't already have one to schedule the room & a data (not overhead) projector. Make sure you bring the right adapter for your laptop for the projector.
• Ask postdocs and older grads with the same advisor and committee members for tips. You can get good practice questions that way, and some will have tips on your specific committee members (their different approaches, even some examples of what they might ask).
• Some people meet with each committee member about a month before the exam. Some of these meetings can be very useful, some are not, but it's not going to hurt.
• When you're putting together your study schedule, don't forget to leave time to write the proposals, and to and make (and practice!) the presentations.
• Most people will say that they won't ask about your second proposal unless you're really flailing. However, that's not always true - I was asked about my second proposal, and I think it was mainly because my advisor happened to be interested in it. So don't blow it off completely.
• Don't neglect any aspect of the core curriculum just because it's not relevant to your project. If you can't think of how it's related to your project, you probably haven't thought hard enough about it. Anyway, they can ask you anything from the core curriculum, and it doesn't have to be related even tangentially to your research. If they hear a hint of uncertainty when you mention a subject, they'll delve deeper into that topic.
• Don't burn out! Take breaks and de-stress however you de-stress. Stay healthy and get enough sleep.
• Definitely, definitely practice answering questions out loud. It's helpful to do it just by yourself out loud in an empty room with a whiteboard, but also do some with a friend or relative. A more formal practice exam in front of an audience is very valuable, especially if you have limited experience with oral examinations (which most of us do). Don't expect it to go well....
• Don't expect the exam itself to go well, either. The committee's job is to find the extent of your knowledge. That means they WILL eventually ask you a question to which you don't know the answer. Don't panic, don't clam up, and don't try to bullshit them. Start talking about relevant things you DO know, even if it starts out really basic. Sometimes what they're looking for is actually very basic. If you're not giving them the answer they want, they will probably try to lead you in the right direction. If it's clear you're foundering, they'll probably try to help you or suggest different approach. That being said, your committee WANTS you to pass. They're not your enemies. They know you're nervous, and that's OK. They've probably seen people do worse than you!

• Another thing the committee is looking for (for the research oral exam, post-2014) is 1) whether you are familiar with the background material, 2) what is new or unique about your proposed work compared to previous work, and 3) are you presenting a reasonable, straightforward project?

Want to Get your Dissertation Accepted?

Discover how we've helped doctoral students complete their dissertations and advance their academic careers!

Join 200+ Graduated Students

Get Your Dissertation Accepted On Your Next Submission

Get customized coaching for:.

• Crafting your proposal,
• Collecting and analyzing your data, or
• Preparing your defense.

Trapped in dissertation revisions?

Phd qualifying exam: 5 steps to success, published by steve tippins on may 27, 2022 may 27, 2022.

Last Updated on: 2nd February 2024, 05:02 am

The PhD qualifying exam varies by institution and discipline, but they all share something in common: they are among the most difficult tests you will ever take. A PhD qualifying exam is given after you completed your coursework. It is the final hurdle before you begin to work on your dissertation . Passing the PhD qualifying exam is your ticket out of coursework and into the research phase of your degree.

In this article, we’ll cover what the process looks like and how to prepare for the written and oral parts of the exam. We also include sample questions to give you an idea of the territory.

Traditional vs New Qualifying Exams

There is a distinction between how qualifying exams are traditionally structured and how some institutions are now conducting them. Here’s the lowdown:

Traditional Qualifying Exams

Traditionally, the exam has one or two parts: a written part and sometimes an oral part. The exam is made up of whatever the faculty wants to ask you, so you have to be prepared for just about anything that was covered in your classes.

To prepare, people typically take two to four months to review the literature they covered in the previous few years so that they are prepared to answer questions on any topic. Many times, you might know broad topics where questions can be drawn from but not specific questions. If that is the case, the oral exam would typically be used for clarification, allowing you to further explain a topic and show your understanding to faculty.

New Qualifying Exams

Some schools have moved to a model in which you receive the questions and have two weeks or so to answer them. Then, you have time to prepare lots of material for your answers. However, faculty might expect more perfection in this case because you get a chance to review and ponder, as opposed to the traditional exam. 

Other schools may just want to see your dissertation proposal, which takes the place of your exam. Either way, you have to show that you have grasped the material from your first several years of coursework.

How Long Is the PhD Qualifying Exam?

If you are writing the traditional model, you will have five to seven questions over two days, and you basically write everything you can think of on those questions . Students typically dump everything they know, whether it applies or not, just to show how much they know. 

If you’re taking the exam at home, you will probably type it. Many schools now allow typing in the traditional model as well. Your answers will usually run in the neighborhood of 15 to 20 pages per question because they want to see everything you can come up with.

How Do You Prepare for the PhD Qualifying Exam?

Many students waste valuable study time because they don’t know how to structure their preparation to be most effective. Here’s how to best prepare for the PhD qualifying exam.

Step 1: Assemble the Literature

To prepare for the qualifying exam, the first step is to assemble the literature you want to review . Look at each class you took and gather the academic articles you read in those classes. 

Step 2: Review and Take Notes

The next step is to read the articles again and take notes on them, including the key findings and methodology. This step might take you a couple of months to do.

Step 3: Go Back Through the Notes and Summarize

The third step is to go back through the notes you took on all of those articles and summarize them again to condense them even further. 

Step 4: Review Your Summaries

The fourth step is to spend four to five days going back through your condensed summary so that you have it all in your mind. That way, you can quickly recall which author said what and how it relates to what other authors have said. Keep all those relationships in your head.

Step 5: Rest

The day before your exam, the fifth step is to rest so that you’re ready for the intense nature of the next couple of days.

PhD Qualifying Exam Pass Rate

The PhD qualifying exam pass rate is difficult to determine because schools don’t usually publish or talk about it. About half the people who enter a PhD program complete it.

Most of the people who don’t complete the program leave before or at the qualifying exam. When people get to the dissertation phase, they’re more likely to finish.

When you take your qualifying exam, many schools have four levels of grades: high pass, pass, low pass, and didn’t pass.

What Happens If You Fail the PhD Qualifying Exam?

If you fail the PhD qualifying exam, most schools will allow you another attempt to pass it. They may only do them a certain number of times a year, so it could be six months to a year later. But you may get another shot at it.

Ultimately, if you fail the PhD qualifying exam, you do not get to move forward to write the dissertation and you are finished with the program. They have determined that you have not learned, gathered, or synthesized enough material and you’re not ready to work on a dissertation.

On the other hand, if you pass the PhD qualifying exam, most schools then say you have reached what has become known as “all but dissertation” or ABD . With everything but the dissertation finished, some people use the term “ PhD candidate ” or PhD(c) to represent themselves.

What Is an Oral Exam?

There are two types of oral exams. One takes place after a written exam, while the other stands alone.

Written Exam Followed by Oral Exam

If you are taking a written exam and an oral exam follows, you can usually provide clarification in the oral exam and dig further into what was on the comprehensive exam. 

Oral Exam Only

Some schools just give an oral exam, where you and a number of faculty members meet in person or on a zoom call. They ask you the questions, and you get to answer them without writing.

Tips for Navigating the Oral Exam

• Treat the committee with respect. Remember that you’re walking into a room of people who control your future. If you don’t respect them, they will take it as a sign that you are not serious, which could negatively impact the likelihood of you moving forward.
• Answer every question.
• If you get stuck, ask them to rephrase the question. Doing so will allow your brain a chance to relax.
• Ask the committee questions. When you finish answering a question, you can always ask “Have I answered your question?” or “Have I answered to the level you want me to answer?” Then, ultimately, you can ask them questions, such as, “Do you have any thoughts on that?”

Sample Questions for the PhD Qualifying Exam

It’s vital to know what to expect when you take your exam. Here are some methods for getting familiar with the question you may be asked.

First, a Tip: Look at Past Tests

Some institutions keep old PhD qualifying exams or comprehensive exam questions. You can look at those to see the types of questions they may ask and what they might be looking for. 

Other institutions might even let you see the questions that have been asked in the past. They’re not going to ask the exact same questions, but you will at least be able to see which areas have been emphasized or revisited over time. If there’s an area that comes up every year, you definitely want to make sure you’re ready to answer questions related to it. Look at the questions to determine tendencies and identify the types of questions you might be asked.

Some Broad Example Questions

The questions are going to be discipline specific, but here are some broad examples:

• Trace the development of the capital asset pricing model from its first author to the current thoughts.
• Author X proposes that the Roman Empire fell for certain reasons, and Author Y proposes different reasons. What are the current thoughts on that, and how does it apply to the current situation in the United States?
• Trace the antecedents of Greenleaf’s servant leadership. Where has it gone from there? What are authors currently proposing regarding servant leadership?
• Trace the development of generally accepted accounting principles and how they might be applied in a nonprofit situation.

Final Thoughts

The doctoral comprehensive exam is a big deal. Take it seriously, and be prepared to show the faculty that you have grasped what they have offered to you as opportunities to learn. Show that you understand how the material and literature fit together and provide a platform for future learning and research.

Steve Tippins

Steve Tippins, PhD, has thrived in academia for over thirty years. He continues to love teaching in addition to coaching recent PhD graduates as well as students writing their dissertations. Learn more about his dissertation coaching and career coaching services. Book a Free Consultation with Steve Tippins

Related Posts

Dissertation

Phd by publication.

PhD by publication, also known as “PhD by portfolio” or “PhD by published works,” is a relatively new route to completing your dissertation requirements for your doctoral degree. In the traditional dissertation route, you have Read more…

What Does Ph.D. Stand For?

“What does Ph.D. stand for?” This is a question that can be answered several different ways. First of all, typically Ph.D. stands for doctor or doctorate in philosophy. I know that can be a little Read more…

A Professor’s Top 3 Pieces of Advice for Ph.D. Students

When it comes to getting a Ph.D., there is no one-size-fits-all approach to ensuring success in graduate school. Every student must find their own path to navigating the most rigorous academic experience that most people Read more…

PhD Qualifying Exam: Tips For Success 

Embarking on a PhD program is a significant milestone in your academic journey, and the PhD qualifying exam determines your progression in this journey. Despite its name, this exam takes place after you’ve been accepted and pursuing a PhD program. This might come as a surprise, but it’s a strategic move that benefits both you and the academic institution. 

Table of Contents

• What is a PhD Qualifying Exam? 
• Format of a PhD Qualifying Exam 

Tips for Preparing for a PhD Qualifying Exam

Common pitfalls to avoid, what is a phd qualifying exam.

The PhD qualifying exam ensures that students have a good grasp of their subject and the necessary knowledge in their chosen research area to move ahead with their PhD in a timely manner. It is typically taken in the second year of the PhD program, and students are expected to finish most of their specific courses before attempting the exam.  

Successfully passing the exam signifies that you’re prepared to transition to the independent research phase of your graduate training. In simpler terms, the PhD qualifying exam is a checkpoint that verifies if you’ve completed the initial phase of the program and are now ready to be recommended for the PhD candidacy. It’s often considered one of the most challenging periods for doctoral students. 1,2   

Format of a PhD Qualifying Exam

The PhD qualifying exam typically consists of two sections, written and oral, which demand versatile skills. Here’s a detailed overview of both the sections:  

• Written Exam    

The written phase of the PhD qualifying exam is designed to test the depth of the candidate’s knowledge within their chosen field and assess their analytical abilities. Answering these written questions requires more than just remembering and writing down facts and details. It involves having a strong grasp of the subject and the skill to express complex ideas clearly and coherently. 

• Oral Exam   

The oral phase of the PhD qualifying exam introduces a different dimension to the evaluation process. In this phase, candidates must explain their written answers to the examination committee. The oral part is an opportunity for candidates to share their views, clarify points, and show a deep understanding of their research area in a scholarly discussion with the exam committee.  2,3

Being well-prepared for the exam can increase your chances of success and make the process less stressful. Here are a feuw preparation tips for a PhD qualification exam:  

• Understand the Exam Format: Learn about the exam format, what is expected, and how the exam is structured, including written and oral parts. Be aware of the specific requirements set by the committee.   
• Develop a Strategic Study Plan : Break your study sessions into smaller parts, focusing on understanding key concepts, theories, and methods. Make sure to set aside specific time for both written and oral preparation.   
• Review past exam papers: Practice with old test papers to understand the types of questions asked before so you know what to expect. This will help you improve your ability to answer different kinds of questions and boost your confidence for the actual exam.  
• Remember, you’re not alone in this journey. Your advisor is a valuable resource who can help you structure your study plan, refine your research focus, and understand the examiners’ expectations. Regular communication with your advisor is essential, and their support can significantly contribute to your success in the PhD qualifying exam. 
• Stay Motivated and Organized: Set realistic goals, celebrate small achievements, and visualize the successful completion of your exam. Keep your study materials organized, making it easier to review and revise. 2,3,4
• Procrastination: Start your preparation early to avoid last-minute cramming, which can lead to stress and inadequate preparation.  
• Isolation: Engage with fellow candidates, share experiences, and form study groups. Collaborative learning can enhance your understanding and offer diverse perspectives.  
• Overemphasis on Memorization: While factual knowledge is essential, focus on understanding and critically analyzing concepts rather than rote memorization.  
• Ignoring Feedback: Utilize feedback from your practice sessions and mock exams. Address weaknesses and refine your responses accordingly. 

Facing the PhD qualifying exam might feel challenging on your journey to a PhD, but careful preparation and a smart approach can lead to success. Understand the exam structure, create a strong study plan, stay motivated, and avoid common mistakes. Remember, the exam isn’t just about testing your knowledge; it’s an opportunity to show your ability to contribute meaningfully to your field of study.  2,3,4

References:  

• Ph.D. Qualifying Examination – Berkeley 
• Qualifying Examination Policies and Guidelines – Albert Einstein College of Medicine 
• What is a PhD Test / PhD qualifying exam? – Academia Insider 
• PhD Qualifying Exam: 5 Steps to Success – Beyond PhD Coaching 

Paperpal is a comprehensive AI writing toolkit that helps students and researchers achieve 2x the writing in half the time. It leverages 21+ years of STM experience and insights from millions of research articles to provide in-depth academic writing, language editing, and submission readiness support to help you write better, faster.  

Get accurate academic translations, rewriting support, grammar checks, vocabulary suggestions, and generative AI assistance that delivers human precision at machine speed. Try for free or upgrade to Paperpal Prime starting at US$19 a month to access premium features, including consistency, plagiarism, and 30+ submission readiness checks to help you succeed.  

Experience the future of academic writing – Sign up to Paperpal and start writing for free!

Related Reads:

• 6 Tips for Post-Doc Researchers to Take Their Career to the Next Level
• What is a Thesis Statement and How to Write It (with Examples) 
• Ethical Research Practices For Research with Human Subjects
• 8 Most Effective Ways to Increase Motivation for Thesis Writing 

Why Traditional Editorial Process Needs An Upgrade?

What is academic writing: tips for students, you may also like, how to cite in apa format (7th edition):..., how to write your research paper in apa..., how to choose a dissertation topic, how to write a phd research proposal, how to write an academic paragraph (step-by-step guide), research funding basics: what should a grant proposal..., how to write the first draft of a..., mla works cited page: format, template & examples, academic editing: how to self-edit academic text with..., measuring academic success: definition & strategies for excellence.

• PhD Entry Tests

Graduate entry tests are an important part of the admissions process for some PhD programmes. They help universities and graduate schools confirm that you have the advanced subject knowledge and / or critical thinking skills to tackle a doctorate. Common examples include the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) and Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT) but a range of other tests are used internationally.

If you're studying your PhD abroad, you may also need to pass a language test . This confirms you have the necessary proficiency to carry out research in a second language, write up your results and (eventually!) discuss them at your viva.

Select from the guides below, or jump to general information about admissions tests for PhD study.

Find your PhD

Ready to start applying? Browse PhD projects here on FindAPhD.

The GMAT is a standardised test used to help select students for some Masters and PhDs at universities and business schools around the world

The Graduate Record Examination (GRE) is a graduate admissions test that is sometimes part of the entry requirements for PhD programmes in North America and Australia.

You may need to take a language test to apply for a PhD abroad as an international student. Our guides explain recognised tests in English, German, French and other languages.

You may need to complete a language test before applying for a PhD abroad in English. The most common are the TOEFL and IELTS.

Read about the language requirements and recognised tests for PhD study at Spanish-speaking universities.

Read about the language requirements and recognised tests for PhD study at Portuguese-speaking universities in Portugal and Brazil.

Will I need to take an entry test for my PhD?

Graduate entry tests tend to be used by universities whose PhD programmes have a limited number of places (and receive more applicants than they can accept). This is common for selective graduate schools in the USA and Canada .

Universities in the UK and some other countries tend not to require a GRE or GMAT . Instead, your eligibility for a PhD is determined based on how relevant your existing degree(s) are and – crucially – how good your research proposals is.

Language tests are much more common: if you're planning to do a PhD abroad in a second language, you'll usually need to prove your proficiency when you apply.

Our guides to PhD study abroad are a quick way to check the admissions requirements for different countries. If in doubt, check with the university you're applying to.

What test score do I need for a PhD?

There is no standard minimum GRE or GMAT score for a PhD. The university you apply to will consider your test score alongside your existing qualifications and experience.

Some universities publish the average score for successful applicants to their doctoral programmes. This is usually a guide, not a minimum.

Is my GPA part of my test score for a PhD?

Universities in the USA and some other countries may look at your GPA as well as your final degree result. The highest GPA you can gain is usually 4.0. Scores of 3.5 or above are considered good.

However, your GPA is separate to your score for a GRE, GMAT or other entry test: they are different parts of your application. Having a good test score might help you if you have a lower GPA (or vice versa) but the two do not influence each other.

What other entry tests are there for PhDs?

The GRE and GMAT are the most commonly used graduate entry tests for PhD study, but they aren't the only ones. Specific exams are used for PhD applications in certain subjects. Some countries also use their own tests, in place of the GRE and GMAT.

Here are some of the other graduate entry tests that may be used for PhD applications:

• Law School Admission Test (LSAT) – As its name suggests, the LSAT is used for applications to law schools, including some doctoral programmes in the USA and Canada. The test is taken digitally at centres around the world . It uses five 35-minute multiple choice sections to assesses key comprehension and reasoning skills, followed by a writing task that challenges you to argue in defence of a stated position (this sample will be sent to your university).
• Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT) – The MCAT is used for some MD and MD-PhD programmes (specialised medical doctorates) in North America. This is a lengthy test with four different multiple choice sections that test key medical knowledge as well as critical analysis and reasoning abilities. The MCAT is administered by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) and is available at test centres around the world on selected dates each year.
• Research Eligibility Test (RET) – The RET is a general test used for PhD applications in India . The content of the RET is specific to each university and its doctoral programmes, with questions designed to check your existing knowledge and expertise.
• Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) – The GATE is a more specific Indian test used for doctoral programmes in Science and Engineering. It is most common in India, but other Asian countries such as Malaysia and Singapore also the test. The exam is digital and is offered across major Indian cities as well as in some international testing centres. Unlike most other graduate entry tests, the GATE is partly cohort-based: your score will be compared to other students for that year to guage your relative performance and suitability for a PhD place.
• Graduate Pharmacy Admissions Test (GPAT) – The GPAT is another subject-specific Indian test used for some postgraduate admissions to Pharmacy and Pharmacology programmes.
• Postgraduate Admissions Test (PAT) – The PAT is required for admission to Masters and doctoral programmes at Chinese universities. It tests skills in numeracy, languages and political theory. International applicants to English-language PhD programmes may be asked for a GRE or GMAT instead.

Some other countries use their own specific tests – make sure you check our guides to PhD study abroad for detailed information.

Want More Updates & Advice?

FindAPhD. Copyright 2005-2024 All rights reserved.

Unknown    ( change )

Have you got time to answer some quick questions about PhD study?

Select your nearest city

You haven’t completed your profile yet. To get the most out of FindAPhD, finish your profile and receive these benefits:

• Monthly chance to win one of ten £10 Amazon vouchers ; winners will be notified every month.*
• The latest PhD projects delivered straight to your inbox
• Access to our £6,000 scholarship competition
• Weekly newsletter with funding opportunities, research proposal tips and much more
• Early access to our physical and virtual postgraduate study fairs

Or begin browsing FindAPhD.com

or begin browsing FindAPhD.com

*Offer only available for the duration of your active subscription, and subject to change. You MUST claim your prize within 72 hours, if not we will redraw.

Create your account

Looking to list your PhD opportunities? Log in here .

Email forwarding for @cs.stanford.edu is changing. Updates and details here .

PhD | Qualifying Examination

Main navigation.

The qualifying examination tests a student's depth of knowledge and familiarity in their area of specialization. Qualifying exams are generally offered in all areas covered by the written comprehensive exam. It is possible for a student to request a qualifying exam in an area not already offered, such as one that cuts across current divisions. The feasibility of this request is determined on a case-by-case basis by the PhD program committee. A student should pass a qualifying exam no later than the end of their third year.

A student may take the qualifying exams only twice. In some cases a conditional pass is awarded. When the designated conditions have been met (such as CAing for a certain class, taking a course, or reading additional material in a specific area), the student is credited with the pass. If a student fails the qualifying exam a second time, the PhD program committee is contacted because its an indication that the student is not "making reasonable progress". This is cause for dismissal by default from the PhD program. The qualifying exams are a University requirement and are taken very seriously. Therefore, sufficient time and in-depth preparation must be given to the quals area that the student chooses, to ensure success.

The format of the qualifying exams varies from year-to-year and area-to-area, depending on the faculty member or quals chair in charge of each specific exam. Examples are in-class written exams, "take-home" written exams, oral exams, written assignments and/or a combination of the above. The quals chair administers the exams and the results must be submitted to the PhD program officer, as they will enter the information into the University's Axess (PeopleSoft) and Departmental database systems. Passing the qualifying exam certifies that the student is ready to begin dissertation work in the chosen area. If a student wishes to do dissertation work in an area other than their qualifying exam area, the student's advisor and/or the faculty in the new area will determine whether an additional exam is required.

Information about the Qualifying Examination

The student's advisor needs to email [email protected] (and cc faculty who were on the Quals committee) the qual results.

• The candidate student must form a committee of 3 faculty members.  A committee needs to have (at least) 2 core AI faculty on it.  Upon request, we can consider having 1 core AI and (at least) 1 AI-affiliated faculty.  In all cases, at least 1 core AI faculty must be present.
• The student is asked to prepare a 30-minute presentation on a research project the student is working on.
• The student supplies to each committee member a short report summarizing the student’s research project and a list of references that is related to such a project. Report and list of references are due to the committee members 3 days before the exam.
• During the first half hour the student presents the research project.
• The second half hour comprises a 30min QA session related to the research project by the committee. During such sessions committee members can (but are not necessarily committed to) ask questions related to any of the papers in the list of references. This gives the opportunity to committee members to assess general mastery of the area the student is working on.
• Statistical Machine Learning (Percy Liang)
• Natural Language Processing (Dan Jurafsky)
• The candidate’s advisor/s should be a member/s.
• At least one member must be a Stanford CS faculty.
• Two members must be working in Computational Biology.
• One member will be non-computational from an affected field of biomedicine.
• At least two members must be doing work directly relevant to the candidate’s work.
• 30 minutes presentation on their research.
• 30 minutes presentation on 3 papers which are jointly picked by the quals committee and the student, relating to the student’s current and future research directions.
• After the exam has been taken, the candidate will email the CS PhD Student Services Admin, cc’ing all members of their quals committee, with the exam’s outcome.
• HCI (Michael Bernstein)
• InfoQual (Jure Leskovec)
• Physiqual (Ron Fedkiw)
• Form a panel of 3 professors (CS systems faculty). Select 3-4 papers, in consultation with the panel, in an area not identical to your thesis work for you to read, review and synthesize over a period of 3 weeks. Depending on the panel's advice, you may need to execute a small implementation project. For example, a project might answer a related research question, reproduce or compare results in a novel setting, or quantitatively investigate the implications of certain design decisions.
• The exam has a written and an oral component. Three weeks after selecting the papers, turn in a 5-10 page report (not counting references) as well as pointers to any software or hardware artifacts created as part of the project (if any). Approximately one week after submitting the report, make an oral presentation to the panel, followed by questions.
• Analysis of Algorithms
• Form a panel of three professors, select 3-4 papers in an area related (but usually not identical) to your thesis work for you to read, review and synthesize over a period of a month (30 days). Write a report on your review/synthesis, give it to the committee, and also make an oral presentation to the committee, followed by questions.
• The candidate student must form a committee of 2-3 faculty members, where at least one is a Visual Computing faculty member.
• The student and the committee agree on a list of at least 5 papers in the student’s research area of interest.
• During the first half hour, the student presents a lecture on the topics in the said papers and any relevant background.
• The second half hour comprises a 30min Q&A session where committee members can ask questions related to the lecture and any of the said papers. This gives the committee an opportunity to assess the general mastery of the research area the student is working on.

Ph.D. Qualifying Examination

The Qualifying Examination is an important checkpoint meant to show that you are on a promising research track toward the Ph.D. degree. It is a University examination, administered by the Graduate Council, with the specific purpose of demonstrating that “the student is clearly an expert in those areas of the discipline that have been specified for the examination, and that they can, in all likelihood, design and produce an acceptable dissertation.” Despite such rigid criteria, faculty examiners recognize that the level of expertise expected is that appropriate for a 3rd year graduate student who may be only in the early stages of a research project.

See campus policies about the Qualifying Exam.

Professor Ana Arias and Professor John Wawrzynek have made available useful information for students planning to take the Qualifying Exam.  See slides  (Calnet authentication is required).

• For students entering Fall 2003 or later, the Qualifying Examination must be taken within 6 semesters of starting the program
• you need a total of at least four members on your committee
• at least three of the members must be regular UC Berkeley faculty that are member of the Academic Senate
• your advisor(s) cannot be the Chair
• One member must be from outside the EECS Department (As of spring 2020, the outside member can be a UCB faculty member with no more than 0% appointment in EECS, or a faculty member or distinguished researcher from another institution.  To request an off-campus person to be the outside member, students must request an exception by submitting a general petition , including the person’s CV, to their staff advisor for review with the Head Graduate Advisor. )
• Apply online through  Calcentral  under your “Dashboard”. On the right hand side for “Student Resources”, students will see an option to Submit a Form for Higher Degree committees. Choose the option for the Qualifying exam application.
• Department Qualifying Exam Application
• Completed and advisor approved White Card
• You must be registered the semester the exam is given. Summer quals are OK if you are registered the previous Spring or the following Fall semester.
• The prelim requirements (which include passing the oral exam and completing the prelim breadth course requirements) must be completed before a student is eligible to take the Qualifying exam. However, it is not required that all the coursework (e.g., the courses listed in the major and minors) be completed before taking the Qualifying exam.
• Students take quals, format A or B , within 6 semesters of starting the EECS graduate program. Format A : Research area survey, directions, evidence of research ability. Format B : Research area survey, directions, thesis proposal defense.
• Students passing only Format A for quals must also do a satisfactory thesis proposal defense within 10 semesters after matriculation.
• In the unfortunate case that a student does fail the qualifying exam twice, per the Graduate Division’s policy, a third attempt is not permissible. The student will not be eligible to continue in the doctoral program and may be dismissed.

In This Section

• Qual Eligibility
• Qual Deadlines
• Qual Committee
• Qual Format
• Applications for the Qualifying Exam
• Advancement to Candidacy
• Thesis Proposal Defense and Application

Ph.D. Student Guide

• Ph.D. Coursework
• Ph.D. Oral Exam
• Ph.D. Breadth Requirement
• Ph.D. Blue Card
• Ph.D. Applications for the Qualifying Exam
• Ph.D. White Card
• Ph.D. Advancement to Candidacy
• Ph.D. Thesis Proposal Defense and Application
• Ph.D. Qual Eligibility
• Ph.D. Qual Committee
• Ph.D. Qual Format
• Ph.D. Teaching Requirement
• Ph.D. Dissertation Filing Fee
• Giving the Ph.D. Dissertation Talk
• Ph.D. Dissertation Filing Procedure
• Ph.D. Technical Report Submission
• Ph.D. Graduate Division Surveys
• Ph.D. Commencement
• Ph.D. Diploma and Transcript
• Ph.D. Student Review Instructions
• Ph.D. Student Review Forms
• Ph.D. Student Review Frequently Asked Questions

Grad school can be a challenging time

We are here to help

• Search This Site All UCSD Sites Faculty/Staff Search Term
• Advising and Resources
• New and Prospective Students
• Honors Practicum
• Beyond the Classroom
• Planning your Future in Public Health
• Showcase & Awards
• Costs and Funding
• Prospective Students
• Current Students
• Administration
• Master of Science
• News & Events
• Instructional Support
• Academic Student Employees
• Additional Resources
• Biostatistics Graduate Programs

PhD Qualifying Exams & Dissertation Requirements

Phd qualifying exams, preliminary written statistics and biostatistics examination.

The PhD Written Qualifying Examination has two parts: A statistical theory part, developed and scored by the Statistics Group within the Math Department; and a biostatistics part, developed and scored by the Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics within the Department of FMPH. The exam committees in charge may be different for each part of the exam. Whether or not students pass or fail is determined separately by the exam committees for the Statistical Theory part and the Biostatistics part of the exam. The student must pass both QEs at the PhD-provisional pass level or higher, with one QE receiving a PhD pass grade. Each exam committee will forward its recommendation to the chair of the Graduate Program Committee, which will be the final arbiter of pass or fail.

The PhD written qualifying examination will be given at the end of each spring quarter and also at the beginning of each fall quarter. Students in the PhD program must attempt the exam in the spring quarter immediately after they complete both the Math 281A-B-C and FMPH 221-223 core course series. A well-prepared student will take these exams during the first year of the program. Otherwise, they are expected to take the exams during the second year of the program. Students must pass both QEs by the end of the second year in the program. At least one of the exams must be completed with a provisional PhD pass or better by the end of the first year. Failure to meet the passing requirements (i.e.,PhD-provisional pass or better on both QEs with at least one PhD-level pass by the end of the second year) on the QEs, may result in a recommendation to the Dean of Graduate Studies for disqualification of the student in the PhD program and dismissal from the University.

Scientific Research Examination

Advancement to candidacy.

It is expected that by the end of the third year (9 quarters), students should have a field of research chosen and a faculty member willing to direct and guide them. A student will advance to candidacy after successfully passing the oral qualifying examination, which deals primarily with the area of research proposed. The student will also have successfully completed at least 64 units of required and elective courses within the Program. More information on the process can be found   here .

Exams taken before receiving committee membership approval from Graduate Education and Postdoctoral Affairs (GEPA) may be deemed null and void. Students must be registered during the quarters in which they take any portion of their QE. To be eligible for the QE, the student must have:

• A “B” average in all work done in graduate standing;
• Satisfied all departmental or group requirements; and
• Removed all academic deficiencies

The preparation for the exam will be done by working closely with a faculty mentor (independent study) who is a regular member of the interdepartmental Program in Biostatistics. The exam committee consists of the Doctoral Committee. The PhD Qualifying Examination examines a student on the breadth and depth of knowledge expected from the coursework taken, and a special research topic approved by the committee. The primary purpose of the QE is to validate that the student is academically qualified to conceptualize a research topic, undertake scholarly research and clearly communicate its results, and successfully produce the dissertation required for a doctoral degree. A thirty minute presentation given by the student is followed by a question period that covers the special research topic as well as coursework in general.

GEPA guidelines for PhD Qualifying Examinations apply and may be viewed here . A student who passes the PhD QE is eligible for Advancement to Candidacy for the PhD degree. Title and abstract of the PhD QE presentation will be distributed to all faculty and students of the participating departments in the Program in Biostatistics, who are invited to attend the presentation portion of the examination. The subsequent question period is a closed session between the student and the committee. The student must file the appropriate paperwork with the Office of Graduate Studies (assisted by the Graduate Coordinator) and pay the candidacy fee to be promoted to Candidacy for the PhD degree. The candidacy fee will post to the student's bill and is the student's responsibility to pay. 

Qualifying Exam: Outcomes. A committee, having reached a unanimous decision, shall inform the student of its decision as “Pass” (no conditions may be appended to this decision), “Not Pass” (the Chair’s report should specify whether the student is required to retake all or part of the exam, list any additional requirements, and state the exact timeline for completion of requirements to achieve a “Pass”) or “Fail”. If a unanimous decision takes the form of “Not Pass” or “Fail”, the Chair of the QE committee must include in its report a specific statement, agreed to by all members of the committee, explaining its decision and must inform the student of its decision. Having received a “Not Pass” or “Fail”, the student may attempt the QE one additional time. After a second exam, a vote of “Not Pass” is unacceptable; only “Pass” or “Fail” is recognized. Only one retake of the QE is allowed. A student who fails the QE on the second attempt will be recommended to the Dean of Graduate Studies for disqualification from the PhD program.

PhD Dissertation Requirements

Doctoral dissertation, dissertation defense, normative time to degree.

The normative time for the PhD in Biostatistics is five years; a student must have advanced to candidacy by the end of 11 quarters. A student is eligible for support for a maximum of five years. The final thesis defense must have been conducted by the end of the 5th year.

Students must pass two written qualifying exams at the PhD level by the end of their second year. At least one of the exams must be completed with a provisional PhD pass or better by the end of the first year. In the second year, a student begins Biostatistics Rotations so that they become familiar with the process of doing research and familiarize themselves with a number of faculty members who may serve as their advisor. Optimally, a student advances to candidacy sometime in their third year; a student must have advanced to candidacy by the end of 11 quarters. This allows for the fourth and fifth year to concentrate on research and produce a thesis. In contrast to coursework, research is an unpredictable endeavor, so it is in the interest of the student to have as much time as possible to produce a thesis.

• PhD Milestones
• PhD Course Requirements
• PhD Qualifying Exams & Dissertation