types of personality presentation

Tailor Your Presentations to Personality Types: Tips&Tricks!

Have you heard it before? Your presentation must be tailored to your target audience to be successful. That’s correct. But have you ever taken a closer look at who your target audience really is, beyond just looking at the usual data? Psychological aspects can also have a significant influence on the success of your content.

Today, we introduce you to different personality types, explain how they can help in the context of presentations, and how you can skillfully align your presentations with your audience.

Why do you need to know your target audience?

Understanding the target audience is crucial for the success of a PowerPoint presentation. An audience is composed of individual personality types, each with different needs, interests, and preferences . To make your presentation and content successful, it is essential to tailor them to these specific needs and interests.

To learn how to conduct a target audience analysis, read our article on “ Target Audience Analysis. “

To create an impactful presentation, it is essential to delve into the potential audience beforehand. Only through a well-founded understanding of the different personality types can the presenter tailor their message effectively to the audience’s needs, engaging them and generating enthusiasm for the content.

Analyzing the personality types of the audience can provide insights into the most effective types of content , examples, and visual aids to capture the audience’s attention and interest.

By knowing the types, you can guarantee a more individualized approac h that appreciates the audience’s diversity and uniqueness, leading to a more positive impact.

Handling the different personalities with empathy not only contributes to the audience’s attention and positive response but can also establish a deeper connection and strengthen trust in the presenter.

What are personality types?

Every individual is different, meaning that each person has their own personality traits . These traits play a central role in interactions between people and significantly influence their perception, reactions, and decisions.

Due to the diversity of personalities, various theories in personality psychology attempt to develop typologies to describe and classify the variety of individual characters. The idea behind this is to identify certain behavioral patterns, traits, and preferences that are typical for specific groups of people. Such typologies can be of great use not only in psychology but also in other areas like communication and presentation to better understand the audience’s behavior and needs.

Various Personality Models

Over time, psychology has developed different models to describe these personality traits and categorize them into typologies. Here, we introduce the most well-known models:

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

One well-known typology is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), which classifies personality based on four dimensions.

The model divides people into 16 different personality types, each represented by four letters:

• Extraversion (E) or Introversion (I)

Describes where individuals feel most comfortable. Extraverted individuals are sociable and gain energy from interacting with others. Introverted individuals, on the other hand, feel more comfortable in quiet, withdrawn situations and gain energy through self-reflection.

• Sensing (S) or Intuition (N)

Describes how people perceive and process information. Sensing types prefer concrete facts and information perceived through their senses, while intuitive types are more interested in abstract ideas and connections and rely on intuition and imagination.

• Thinking (T) or Feeling (F)

Describes how decisions are made and how emotions are handled. Thinking types prefer a rational and logical approach, orienting themselves around objective criteria. Feeling types, however, place more emphasis on emotions and empathy, often making decisions by considering others’ feelings.

• Judging (J) or Perceiving (P)

Sheds light on how people interact with their external environment and organize information. Judging types prefer structure, planning, and organization and tend to make decisions and complete tasks. Perceiving types, on the other hand, are more flexible and spontaneous, keeping their options open to adapt to new information.

The model aims to help understand individual preferences and behaviors and is commonly used in personality development, teamwork, and career choices. Deeper information can be found here .

Regarding presentations , the model can provide insights into decision-making processes, information absorption, and how emotions might influence potential purchases.

The Big Five Model

The Big Five Model is a personality psychology that describes five fundamental personality dimensions:

• Neuroticism
• Extraversion
• Openness to Experience
• Agreeableness
• Conscientiousness

The model aims to capture and understand individual differences in these dimensions. It is frequently used to examine personality traits, make predictions about behavior, and has applications in various fields such as psychology, organizational development, and human resources.

Regarding presentations, the Big Five Model can be useful in several ways:

It gives insights into the personality traits of the audience, providing a better understanding of the target audience. This enables a targeted adjustment of the presentation to better accommodate various needs and preferences.

You can tailor your content based on the audience’s interests and preferences , making your presentation more relevant, engaging, and attention-grabbing. It can also be helpful in handling questions and feedback . By better understanding personality types, you can respond appropriately to questions or feedback, fostering positive interactions.

The DISC Model

The DISC model categorizes people into four main types :

• D (Dominant)

Individuals with the Dominant type are characterized by their assertiveness, determination, and goal orientation. They are often decisive, confident, and determined. People with this personality prefer clear structures and quick results and tend to like taking control.

• I (Influence)

Here, we have extroverted, enthusiastic, and social individuals. Influential persons are often charismatic, communicative, and sociable. They enjoy being in the spotlight and motivating others. Influence types are usually optimistic and tend to be attracted to new ideas and challenges.

• S (Steadiness)

The Steadiness type is calm, patient, and team-oriented. They are empathetic, loyal, and reliable. They prefer a harmonious environment and work well in cooperative teams.

• C (Conscientious)

Conscientious types are precise, detail-oriented, and analytical. Individuals of this type place great importance on accuracy, quality, and thoroughness. They are often well-organized and responsible. Conscientious personalities have high standards and work diligently and precisely.

In the context of presentations , the model can help you understand your audience’s behavior and needs and adapt your presentation accordingly. It contributes to making your PowerPoint presentations more effective, targeted, and engaging.

The Enneagram Model

The Enneagram model describes nine different personality types , each represented by a number from 1 to 9. The model shows how the nine types are interconnected and how they differ in their thinking, feeling, and behavior. Behavior patterns become clearer.

Regarding presentations , the model also helps not only to understand the audience but also to better understand one’s own personality type . This way, one can consciously utilize their strengths. Similar to the other models, valuable insights can be drawn from the personality types for your presentations, and you can skillfully adapt them.

The Four Basic Personality Types

Fundamentally, all personality models establish four similar personality types:

• The Analyst

This personality type is characterized by their love for detail and thorough approach. Analysts are rational, logical, and careful in their decisions. They prefer clear facts and data and seek precise information. In presentations, they are interested in well-structured content and well-founded arguments.

• The Pragmatist

This type is pragmatic and solution-oriented. Pragmatists prefer concrete information and practical applications to solve problems or face challenges. They are action-oriented and value clear instructions and practical examples. Visual aids and practical tips appeal to them in presentations.

• The Visionary

This type is a creative and imaginative personality type. They think in grand contexts and are interested in abstract ideas and visions of the future. They seek innovative and inspiring content. Presentations that showcase new perspectives and convey a vision capture the attention of visionaries.

• The Socially-Oriented

The socially-oriented personality type is empathetic, compassionate, and team-oriented. Socially-oriented individuals value interpersonal relationships and harmonious interactions. In presentations, they are interested in content that has social impact and promotes cohesion. Interactive elements and consideration of the social dimension in the presentation appeal to them.

Therefore, try to categorize your audience into these categories using the models. Once you have completed the categorization, you can tailor your presentation to the group accordingly.

How to Determine Your Audience Without Models

If you don’t want to delve into complex personality models but still want to recognize the types present in your audience, you can analyze your audience in the following ways:

• Observing Body Language:

Observe your audience while you present. What do their gestures, facial expressions, seating posture, and eye contact look like? These nonverbal signals also provide insights into personality types.

For example, attentive and calm listeners may potentially be Analytical types, while enthusiastic and socially interactive participants may be associated with Visionary or Influence types.

• Questionnaires/Surveys:

By using questionnaires or surveys before or after presentations, you can determine personality types. Include questions from the above-mentioned models so that participants must assess themselves, and you can define their personality types based on their responses.

Surveys after presentations can also provide information on how your presentation impacted the participants . This way, you gain insights into how different personality types received your presentation and can adapt future presentations accordingly.

• Conversations:

In personal conversations with some participants before the presentation, you can also gather information about the audience’s personality types. Informal talks or short interviews can yield insights into what the listeners expect from the presentation, which topics interest them the most, and how they typically react to presentations.

These insights can help you tailor the presentation to the interests and needs of the audience and enable a more personal approach.

How to Adapt Your Presentation to Different Personality Types

Have you identified the personality type(s)? Excellent, you’ve already taken a significant step towards improving your presentation. Now, we’ll show you some helpful tips on how to implement the insights gained for better presentations.

• Choosing the Right Language and Argumentation

A first step is to adapt your language and argumentation style . Different types prefer different approaches. This could range from clear facts and rational arguments for analytical listeners to empathetic arguments and creative ideas for socially-oriented participants.

By choosing the appropriate language and argumentation style, you can build a stronger connection with the audience and emphasize the relevance of the presentation to them.

• Adjusting Visual Aids

Slides and graphics are crucial for an effective PowerPoint presentation, regardless of the personality type. Adapt them for greater success according to the types.

For example, Analytical types may respond well to structured charts and data visualizations, while Visionary types may be intrigued by inspiring images and creative illustrations. Practical participants may feel engaged with practical examples and applications, while socially-oriented listeners may be moved by images emphasizing interpersonal relationships.

• Incorporating Interactive Elements

Interactive elements enhance audience engagement during the presentation. Based on personality types, different types of interactions can have varying impacts on your audience.

Analytical types may benefit from question-and-answer rounds or discussions, while socially-oriented listeners may respond well to group activities or partner exercises. Visionary types may profit from brainstorming sessions or creative prompts, while practical participants may be enthusiastic about practical exercises or case studies.

How to Deal with Different Personality Types in the Audience?

When you have a large group as your audience, it can be a challenge as there may be more than one personality type represented. Effectively managing mixed personality types requires sensitivity and adaptability.

What is the solution? Be flexible. You must offer a balanced mix of content and communication that caters to different preferences. Use various communication styles, incorporate different visual aids, and create engaging interactions with the audience. Only in this way can you have the chance to make each personality type in your audience feel valued and addressed.

Tip: Moderation Techniques for Diverse Audience Types

The use of moderation techniques can be particularly effective with an audience of mixed personality types. Moderation enables a structured interaction between presenters and the audience and promotes active participation from the listeners.

Through targeted questions, discussions, or group exercises , you can address various personality types and integrate their strengths into the presentation. The role of the moderator encourages the audience to contribute their opinions and thoughts, allowing for an interactive and dynamic presentation.

By employing skillful moderation techniques, you can engage different personality types and create a positive experience for the diverse audience.

Conclusion: Effectively Addressing All Personality Types

Defining personality types is not easy. However, with practice, you can assess your audience and tailor your presentations to individual preferences. Give our tips a try the next time.

Do you have any questions about the article? Feel free to contact us at [email protected] . We are here to assist you!

Are you looking for visually supportive and professionally designed slide templates ? Take a look at our shop. We have numerous slides prepared for various (business) topics available for download. Check it out today! ► Go to Shop

You may also be interested in these articles:

• Target Audience Analysis
• Creating Customer Personas
• Storytelling in Presentations
• Preparing Presentations: 11 Tips
• Interactive Presentations
• Focus on the Needs of the Audience

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16 Types of Personalities

Sep 01, 2012

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16 Types of Personalities. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). Based on the work of Swiss psychologist Carl Jung and Americans Katharine Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers. Most popular and widely respected personality assessment instrument in the world. General Principles: .

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16 Types of Personalities Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) Based on the work of Swiss psychologist Carl Jung and Americans Katharine Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers. Most popular and widely respected personality assessment instrument in the world. General Principles: 1. Each person is born with one true type, but changes greatly as he/she grows and matures. 2. All types are equally valuable. None is better or worse, healthy or sick, intelligent or unintelligent. All have strengths & weaknesses. 3. Every individual is unique. “Type” gives only insights. 4. “Type” is a great tool to better understanding and appreciation who may be very different in small or great ways. Different is Good

16 Types of Personalities Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) There are FOUR DIMENSIONS of Personality Type which are the important aspects of personality. The dimensions represent four continuums, with two ends and a midpoint (like a scale). Each person has an inborn preference for one side or the other. Extraversion Introversion Sensing Intuition Thinking Feeling Judging Perceiving Different is Good

16 Types of Personalities Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) Let’s figure out your type. Extraversion Introversion E I Where do you get your energy? * Prefer being around people. * Are interested in many things. * Have lots of friends, associates. * Jump into things pretty quickly. * Are usually pretty talkative. * Are more public and easier to get to know. * Are enthusiastic and outgoing. * Represent about 55% of US pop. * Are comfortable spending time alone. * Are selective and like to focus on one or a few things. * Have a few very close friends. * Think about things before they act. * Are usually fairly reserved. * Are more private and harder to read. * Appear calm and self-contained. * Represent about 45% of US pop. Different is Good

16 Types of Personalities Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) Sensing Intuition S N Do you tend to focus on the facts or the possibilities? * Focus on the facts and specifics. * Are more concrete; like ideas to be practical. * Trust their direct experience. * Like to operate in the here and now. * Are realistic and practical. * Like established ways of doing things. * Think and talk step-by-step. * Represent about 65% of US pop. * Focus on the possibilities. * Are more abstract; like ideas and theories for their own sake. * Trust their gut instincts. * Like to imagine and think about the future. * Are innovative and imaginative. * Like to create new ways of doing things. * Frequently jump around, topic to topic. * Represent about 35% of US pop. Different is Good

16 Types of Personalities Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) Thinking Feeling T F Do you base most decisions on logic or on your personal values? * Are more logical and analytical. * Believe it’s better to be truthful than tactful. * Are fair and consistent; apply one standard to all. * Are motivated by achievements. * Like to compete and win. * Easily see flaws; can be critical and brusque. * Are thick-skinned and not easily offended. * Comprise about 65% of males. * Are more sensitive and sympathetic. * Believe it’s better to be tactful than truthful. * Like harmony; look for extenuating circumstances. * Are motivated by being appreciated. * Like to cooperate and create consensus. * Like to please others; express appreciation easily. * Get their feelings hurt more easily. * Comprise about 65% of females. Different is Good

16 Types of Personalities Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) Judging Perceiving J P Do you prefer to be more planful or more spontaneous? * Like to make decisions, decide quickly. * Prefer to make and keep plans. * Are usually well organized. * Like to be in control. * Have a strong work ethic: work, then play. * Are more formal, conventional. * Tend to see things as black and white. * Are often better at finishing projects. * Like to keep options open; may procrastinate. * Prefer to be free to act spontaneously. * Are often disorganized. * Like to adapt to changing situations. * Have a strong play ethic: play, then work. * Are more casual and unconventional. * Tend to see things as shades of gray. * Are often better at starting projects. Different is Good

16 Types of Personalities Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) Sample strengths and blindspots of some combinations Sensing Thinkers-STs * Logical problem solvers * Careful and realistic with facts * Calm and steady in a crisis * Can be critical and tough * May resist new ideas * May not be sensitive or aware of feelings Sensing Feelers-SFs * Nurturing and supportive * Helpful in tangible and practical ways * Lots of common sense * May avoid conflict * Not assertive and direct * Easily hurt or offended Intuitive Feelers-NFs * May be unrealistic * Take everything personally * Often vague and emotional * Encourage open communication and understanding * Supportive of other's growth and development Intuitive Thinkers-NTs * Encourage partners' intellectual development * Creative problem solvers * Interesting and stimulating * Demand high standards * Often perfectionists * Impatient with feelings Different is Good

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Home Blog Business The Big Five Personality Traits Model

The Big Five Personality Traits Model

You might have come across people who enjoy outdoor activities, parties and mingling with others. However, then there are people who go to a party and have to recover the next day! This is because what recharges and rejuvenates one type of personality can be draining for another. The Big Five Personality Traits Model explains this relationship in detail by dividing personality traits in dimensions.

What is The Big Five Personality Traits Model?

1. openness, 2. conscientiousness, 3. extraversion, 4. agreeableness, 5. neuroticism, high openness, low openness, high conscientiousness, low conscientiousness, extraversion, introversion, high agreeableness, low agreeableness, high neuroticism, low neuroticism, final words.

The Big Five Personality Traits Model or the 5 Factor Model was shaped back in the 90s, however, it has its roots from various researches that can be traced back to the 50s. The model is credited to Lewis Goldberg from the Oregon Research Institute. The Big Five Personality Traits Model is used in psychology and business for research purposes by exploring dimensions such as; openness, conscientiousness: , extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. These traits are also the reason the model is called OCEAN . This OCEAN personality model is used by some businesses to assess people during interviews to recruit the most suitable candidates for the job.

Five Key Dimensions of People’s Personalities

The five key dimensions of people’s personalities, as explored by the Big Five Personality Traits Model describes what makes different types of people tick and what essentially brings out the worst in them (so to speak). Let’s explore the big 5 personality traits.

The Openess dimension refers to a person’s intellect or imagination. This dimension is meant to assess a person’s creativity and desire to adapt to explore new things. The dimension is meant to assess one’s openness to experience, such as; aesthetic sensitivity, intellect, curiosity, etc. For example, if you’re looking to hire someone for a creative job such as; a graphic designer, photographer or videographer, you might want someone who prefers openness to new experiences. However, someone with a low score might be considered as pragmatic and driven by conventional methods. There is some argument regarding how to measure openness and its implications for this very reason.

This implies the desire of an individual to do the task correctly. Conscientiousness is the dimension for assessing one’s diligence, efficiency and the ability to be organized. A high score for conscientiousness implies self-discipline. Whereas, a low score implies spontaneous behavior and even a lack of reliability.

The Extraversion dimension measures if an individual is more open to external interactions or prefer being low-key. Extroverts are perceived as people with high energy levels, whereas introverts prefer more time alone and less stimulation.

This trait reflects social harmony or the lack of it. Agreeable people are considered as benevolent, trusting, helpful and willing to compromise for the greater good. Whereas, disagreeable individuals are seen as selfish, skeptic and unfriendly.

This is a measure of a person’s ability to feel negative emotions like anxiety, and anger. In other words, Neuroticism measures a person’s emotional stability.

The Big Five Personality Traits Model Tests

As mentioned earlier, The Big Five Personality Traits Model is used by some organizations to assess potential candidates for a job. There are big five personality tests created for the purpose of assessing a candidate’s personality. There are some basic questions asked such as;

• I am quick to understand things
• I use difficult words
• I don’t mind being the center of attention
• I take time out for others
• I am much more anxious than most people

The way the person answers such a question is used to assess his or her personality. Below is a breakdown of the score for each dimension:

These type of people pursue self-actualization and seek exciting and intense experiences. They are also more creative but can be sensitive, reckless and unpredictable.

These people are considered pragmatic and more orthodox. They can also be considered as dogmatic and less open to new ideas and change.

Considered as disciplined, and willing to complete tasks correctly. Such people can also be considered focused and stubborn.

Can be considered as reckless and spontaneous behavior. However, such people can also be flexible.

People with this trait are considered full of energy, and more dominant in social settings.

People with this trait have low energy levels in social settings, remain low-key but are more independent and require less stimulation.

This implies benevolence, compromising for the best interest for others, people with a helpful behavior and a more trusting behavior.

These people are skeptics with a less friendly attitude and self-centered motivations. While this might seem as a negative trait, such people might actually be in high demand for certain types of professions, ranging from security related jobs to coaching in sports.

People with high neuroticism are considered as emotionally unstable. Such individuals have a high risk of falling into depression and abusive behavior.

People with low neuroticism are considered as emotionally stable, calm and less easily upset.

While there has been criticism regarding the way personality traits are measured by The Big Five Personality Traits Model , a simple questionnaire handed out to a potential candidate can provide you with a lot of information regarding his/her behavior. This behavior can then be measured during interviews and other tests to determine the most suitable candidate for the job and to reduce the risk of hiring employees which might indulge in inappropriate behavior and damage the morale of the workforce.

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Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI): 16 Personality Types

Julia Simkus

Editor at Simply Psychology

BA (Hons) Psychology, Princeton University

Julia Simkus is a graduate of Princeton University with a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology. She is currently studying for a Master's Degree in Counseling for Mental Health and Wellness in September 2023. Julia's research has been published in peer reviewed journals.

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Saul McLeod, PhD

Editor-in-Chief for Simply Psychology

BSc (Hons) Psychology, MRes, PhD, University of Manchester

Saul McLeod, PhD., is a qualified psychology teacher with over 18 years of experience in further and higher education. He has been published in peer-reviewed journals, including the Journal of Clinical Psychology.

Olivia Guy-Evans, MSc

Associate Editor for Simply Psychology

BSc (Hons) Psychology, MSc Psychology of Education

Olivia Guy-Evans is a writer and associate editor for Simply Psychology. She has previously worked in healthcare and educational sectors.

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The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is an introspective, self-report evaluation that identifies a person’s personality type and psychological preferences.

The MBTI propose that four different cognitive functions determine one’s personality: extraversion vs. introversion, sensing vs. intuition, thinking vs. feeling, and judging vs. perceiving.

MBTI Meaning

MBTI, short for Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, is a widely used personality assessment tool based on Carl Jung’s theories.

It categorizes individuals into one of 16 personality types, providing insights into their preferences in four dimensions: extraversion/introversion, sensing/intuition, thinking/feeling, and judging/perceiving. MBTI is commonly used for personal development, career counseling, and team building.

According to the MBTI theory, you combine your preferences to determine your personality type. The 16 types are referred to by an abbreviation of the initial letters of each of the four type preferences of each cognitive function.

For example, “ISTP” would denote introversion, sensing, thinking, and perceiving. No combination is considered “better” or “worse” than another– all types are considered equal.

The MBTI emphasizes that each individual has specific preferences in the way they view the world, and this assessment provides insight into the differences and similarities in people’s experiences of life.

The Development of the Myers-Briggs Test

The MBTI tool was developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and her mother Katharine Cook Briggs in 1942 and is based on psychological conceptual theories proposed by Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung in his work, Psychological Types.

Jung’s theory of psychological types was based on the existence of four essential psychological functions – judging functions (thinking and feeling) and perceiving functions (sensation and intuition ).

He believed that one combination of the functions is dominant for a person most of the time.

Jung’s theory holds that human beings are either introverts or extroverts , so the combinations are expressed in either an introverted or extroverted form (This is why E or I is the first letter of the series). The remaining three functions operate in the opposite orientation.

The Four Dichotomies:

This assessment aims to assign individuals into one of four categories based on how they perceive the world and make decisions, enabling respondents to further explore and understand their own personalities.

The four categories are: introversion or extraversion, sensing or intuition, thinking or feeling, and judging or perceiving. Each person is said to have one preferred quality from each category, producing 16 unique personality types.

Extraversion (E) vs. Introversion (I)

• These are opposite ways to direct and receive energy. Do you prefer to focus on the outer world or your inner world?
• This dichotomy describes how people respond and interact with others and orient themselves within the world around them.

Extraverts tend to be action-oriented – focusing on other people and things, feeling energized by the presence of others, and emitting energy outwards.

Introverts are more thought-oriented. They enjoy deep and meaningful social interactions and feel recharged after spending time alone.

Sensing (S) vs. Intuition (N)

• Do you prefer to focus on the basic information you take in, or do you prefer to interpret and add meaning?
• This dichotomy describes how people gather and perceive information.
• Sensing-dominant people tend to prefer to focus on facts and details and perceive the world around them through their five senses.
• Intuition-dominant types are more abstract in their thinking, focusing on patterns, impressions, and future possibilities.

Thinking (T) vs. Feeling (F)

• When making decisions, do you prefer to first look at logic and consistency or first look at the people and special circumstances?

This dichotomy describes how people make decisions and use judgments.

Thinking types use logic and facts to judge the world, while feeling types tend to consider emotions.

Judging (J) vs. Perceiving (P)

• In dealing with the outside world, do you prefer to get things decided, or do you prefer to stay open to new information and options?

This dichotomy describes how people tend to operate in the outside world and reveals the specific attitudes of the functions.

Those judging dominant tend to be more methodical and results-oriented and prefer structure and decision-making.

Perceiving dominant individuals are more adaptable and flexible and tend to be good at multitasking.

The dominant function is the primary aspect of personality, while the auxiliary and tertiary functions play supportive roles.

The 16 Personality Types

Istj – the logistician.

These individuals tend to be serious, matter-of-fact, and reserved. They appreciate order and organization and pay a great deal of attention to detail.

They like to plan things out in advance and place an emphasis on tradition and law. They are responsible and realistic and can be described as dependable and trustworthy.

ISFJ – The Defender

These individuals are friendly, responsible, and reserved. They are service and work-oriented, committing to meeting their obligations and duties.

They are loyal, considerate, and place a lot of focus on the care of others. They are non-confrontational and value an orderly and harmonious environment.

INFJ – The Advocate

People with this personality type are serious, logical and hardworking. They are also compassionate, conscientious, and reserved.

They value close, deep connections and are sensitive to the needs of others, but also need time and space alone to recharge.

INTJ  The Architect

These people are highly independent, self-confident and prefer to work alone. They are analytical, creative, logical, and driven.

They place an emphasis on logic and fact rather than emotion and can be viewed as perfectionist.

They tend to have high expectations of competence and performance for themselves and others.

ISTP – The Crafter

People with this personality type are fearless and independent. They love adventure, new experiences, and risk-taking.

They tend to be quiet observers and are not well attuned to the emotional states of others, sometimes coming across as insensitive or stoic.

They are results- oriented, acting quickly to find workable solutions and understand the underlying cause of practical problems.

ISFP – The Artist

These individuals are quiet, friendly, easy going, and sensitive. They have a strong need for personal space and time alone to recharge.

They value deep connection and prefer to spend time with smaller groups of close friends and family.

They are highly considerate and accepting, avoiding confrontation and committed to their values and to people who are important to them.

INFP – The Mediator

These people are creative, idealistic, caring, and loyal. They have high values and morals, and are constantly seeking out ways to understand people and to best serve humanity.

They are family and home-oriented and prefer to interact with a select group of close friends.

INTP – The Thinker

People with this personality type are described as quiet, contained, and analytical. They are highly focused on how things work and on solving problems, and tend to be good at logic and math.

They are more interested in ideas and theoretical concepts than in social interaction. They are loyal and affectionate to their closest friends and family, but tend to be difficult to get to know.

ESTP – The Entrepreneur

These individuals are action-oriented, taking pragmatic approaches to obtain results and solve problems quickly. They are often sophisticated, charming, and spontaneous.

They are outgoing and energetic, and enjoy spending time with a wide circle of friends and acquaintances. They focus on the here and now and prefer the practical over the abstract.

ESFP – The Entertainer

These people tend to be outgoing, friendly, and impulsive, seizing energy from other people. They love to be the center of attention and enjoy working with others in new environments.

They can be described as easy going, fun, and optimistic. They are spontaneous and focused on the present moment, and enjoy learning through hands-on experiences with other people.

ENFP – The Champion

These individuals are enthusiastic, creative, energetic, and highly imaginative. They have excellent people and communication skills and are good at giving others appreciation and support.

They do, however, seek approval from others. They value emotions and expression. They dislike routine and might struggle with disorganization and procrastination.

ENTP – The Debater

People with this personality type can be described as innovative, outspoken, and lively. They are idea-oriented and are more focused on the future rather than on the present moment.

They enjoy interacting with a wide variety of people and love to engage with others in debates. They tend to be easy to get along with, but also can be argumentative at times. They are great conversationalists and make good entrepreneurs.

ESTJ – The Director

These people are responsible, practical, and organized. They are assertive and like to take charge, focused on getting results in the most efficient way possible. They have clear standards and place a high value on tradition and rules.

They can be seen as rigid, stubborn, or bossy as they are forceful in implementing their plans. However, they tend to excel at putting plans into action because they are hardworking, self-confident, and dependable.

ESFJ – The Caregiver

These individuals are warmhearted, conscientious, and harmonious. They wear their hearts on their sleeves and tend to see the best in others.

They enjoy helping others and providing the care that people need, but want to be appreciated and noticed for their contributions. They are careful observers of others and excel in situations involving personal contact and community.

ENFJ – Protagonist

These people are responsible, warm, and loyal. They are highly attuned to the emotions of others and capable of forging friendships with essentially anybody.

They have a desire to help others fulfill their potential, and they derive personal satisfaction from helping others. They tend to make good leaders as they are highly capable of facilitating agreement among diverse groups of people.

ENTJ – The Commander

These individuals like to take charge. They value organization and structure and appreciate long-term planning and goal setting.

They have strong people skills and enjoy interacting with others, but they are not necessarily attuned to their own emotions or the emotions of others.

They have strong leadership skills and tend to make good executives, captains, and administrators.

Benefits of MBTI

• Companies can learn how to support employees better, assess management skills, and facilitate teamwork
• Coaches can utilize the information to help understand their preferred coaching approach
• Teachers can assess student learning style
• Teens and young adults can better understand their learning, communication, and social interaction styles
• Teens can determine what occupational field they might be best suited for
• Individuals can gain insight into their behavior
• Partners can better understand themselves and their spouses, allowing for more cohesive teamwork and greater productivity

Criticisms of MBTI

The MBTI has been criticized as a pseudoscience and does not tend to be widely endorsed by psychologists or other researchers in the field. Some of these critiques include:

• There is little scientific evidence for the dichotomies as psychometric assessment research fails to support the concept of a type, but rather shows that most people lie near the middle of a continuous curve.
• The scales show relatively weak validity as the psychological types created by Carl Jung were not based on any controlled studies and many of the studies that endorse MBTI are methodologically weak or unscientific.
• There is a high likelihood of bias as individuals might be motivated to fake their responses to attain a socially desirable personality type.
• Test-retest reliability is low (ie: test takers who retake the test often test as a different type)
• The terminology of the MBTI is incomprehensive and vague, allowing any kind of behavior to fit any personality type.

Take the MBTI (Paper Version)

Myers, I. B. (1962). The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator: Manual (1962).

Myers, Isabel B.; Myers, Peter B. (1995) [1980]. Gifts Differing: Understanding Personality Type. Mountain View, CA: Davies-Black Publishing. ISBN 978-0-89106-074-1.

Pittenger, D. J. (2005). Cautionary Comments Regarding the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator . Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 57(3), 210-221.

The purpose of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator®. The Myers & Briggs Foundation: MBTI Basics. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.myersbriggs.org/my-mbti-personality-type/mbti-basics/

Myers & Briggs' 16 Personality Types

In order to better understand people’s common similarities and differences, Isabel Briggs Myers and her mother Katharine Briggs built on the work of psychologist Carl Jung to develop a system of categorizing human behavior. They landed on four key dimensions that people could express as preferences in the way they manage their energy, process information, make decisions, and structure their day-to-day lives. Each of these preferences is represented by a letter, and together these preferences, denoted by four letters, make up your Myers Briggs personality type.

INFPs are imaginative idealists, guided by their own core values and beliefs. To a Healer, possibilities are paramount; the reality of the moment is only of passing concern. They see potential for a better future, and pursue truth and meaning with their own flair.

The Mastermind

INTJs are analytical problem-solvers, eager to improve systems and processes with their innovative ideas. They have a talent for seeing possibilities for improvement, whether at work, at home, or in themselves.

The Counselor

INFJs are creative nurturers with a strong sense of personal integrity and a drive to help others realize their potential. Creative and dedicated, they have a talent for helping others with original solutions to their personal challenges.

The Architect

INTPs are philosophical innovators, fascinated by logical analysis, systems, and design. They are preoccupied with theory, and search for the universal law behind everything they see. They want to understand the unifying themes of life, in all their complexity.

The Champion

ENFPs are people-centered creators with a focus on possibilities and a contagious enthusiasm for new ideas, people and activities. Energetic, warm, and passionate, ENFPs love to help other people explore their creative potential.

The Commander

ENTJs are strategic leaders, motivated to organize change. They are quick to see inefficiency and conceptualize new solutions, and enjoy developing long-range plans to accomplish their vision. They excel at logical reasoning and are usually articulate and quick-witted.

The Visionary

ENTPs are inspired innovators, motivated to find new solutions to intellectually challenging problems. They are curious and clever, and seek to comprehend the people, systems, and principles that surround them.

The Teacher

ENFJs are idealist organizers, driven to implement their vision of what is best for humanity. They often act as catalysts for human growth because of their ability to see potential in other people and their charisma in persuading others to their ideas.

The Protector

ISFJs are industrious caretakers, loyal to traditions and organizations. They are practical, compassionate, and caring, and are motivated to provide for others and protect them from the perils of life.

The Composer

ISFPs are gentle caretakers who live in the present moment and enjoy their surroundings with cheerful, low-key enthusiasm. They are flexible and spontaneous, and like to go with the flow to enjoy what life has to offer.

The Inspector

ISTJs are responsible organizers, driven to create and enforce order within systems and institutions. They are neat and orderly, inside and out, and tend to have a procedure for everything they do.

The Craftsperson

ISTPs are observant artisans with an understanding of mechanics and an interest in troubleshooting. They approach their environments with a flexible logic, looking for practical solutions to the problems at hand.

The Provider

ESFJs are conscientious helpers, sensitive to the needs of others and energetically dedicated to their responsibilities. They are highly attuned to their emotional environment and attentive to both the feelings of others and the perception others have of them.

The Performer

ESFPs are vivacious entertainers who charm and engage those around them. They are spontaneous, energetic, and fun-loving, and take pleasure in the things around them: food, clothes, nature, animals, and especially people.

The Supervisor

ESTJs are hardworking traditionalists, eager to take charge in organizing projects and people. Orderly, rule-abiding, and conscientious, ESTJs like to get things done, and tend to go about projects in a systematic, methodical way.

ESTPs are energetic thrillseekers who are at their best when putting out fires, whether literal or metaphorical. They bring a sense of dynamic energy to their interactions with others and the world around them.

Explore our in-depth descriptions of each of the 16 personality types to learn more about yourself and your loved ones. Or, if you're not sure which personality type fits you, take our free personality test .

The 16 personality types were created by Isabel Myers and Katharine Briggs, developers of the MBTI® assessment. Myers and Briggs created their personality typology to help people discover their own strengths and gain a better understanding of how people are different.

When you discover your own personality type, you'll understand more clearly why you do the things you do. You will gain confidence in your strengths and be better able to make decisions that suit your true nature.

Find Your Type

About the 16 Personality Types

Personality typing is a system of categorizing people according to their tendencies to think and act in particular ways. Personality typing attempts to find the broadest, most important ways in which people are different, and make sense of these differences by sorting people into meaningful groups.

What is personality typing?

The personality types described here were created by Isabel Briggs Myers and her mother, Katharine Briggs, in the 1960's. Their theories were based on the work of psychologist Carl Jung, although they extended his ideas to create a more complete framework of personality typing. Myers and Briggs proposed that there were four key dimensions that could be used to categorize people:

• Introversion vs. Extraversion
• Sensing vs. Intuition
• Thinking vs. Feeling
• Judging vs. Perceiving

Each of the four dimensions was described as a dichotomy , or an either/or choice between two styles of being. Myers and Briggs described this as a "preference" and proposed that any individual should be able to identify a preferred style on each of the four dimensions. The sum of a person's four preferred styles becomes their personality type.

Myers and Briggs theorized that our preferences on each of the four dimensions would combine to create predictable patterns in thought and behavior, so that people with the same four preferences would share many commonalities in the way they approach their lives, from the hobbies they choose to the work that might suit them.

What is the meaning of the four letters in a personality type?

Each of the four letters in a personality type code stands for a preference in your style of thinking or behaving.

I/E: Introversion or Extraversion

The Introversion/Extraversion dimension describes how a person manages their energy.

Introverts are energized by spending quiet time alone or with a small group. They tend to be more reserved and thoughtful.

Extraverts are energized by spending time with people and in busy, active surroundings. They tend to be more expressive and outspoken.

S/N: Sensing or iNtuition

The Sensing/Intuition dimension describes how an individual processes information.

Sensors focus on their five senses and are interested in information they can directly see, hear, feel, and so on. They tend to be hands-on learners and are often described as "practical."

Intuitives focus on a more abstract level of thinking; they are more interested in theories, patterns, and explanations. They are often more concerned with the future than the present and are often described as "creative."

T/F: Thinking or Feeling

The Thinking/Feeling dimension describes how people make decisions.

Thinkers tend to make decisions with their heads; they are interested in finding the most logical, reasonable choice.

Feelers tend to make decisions with their hearts; they are interested in how a decision will affect people, and whether it fits in with their values.

J/P: Judging or Perceiving

The Judging/Perceiving dimension describes how people approach structure in their lives.

Judgers appreciate structure and order; they like things planned, and dislike last-minute changes.

Perceivers appreciate flexibility and spontaneity; they like to leave things open so they can change their minds.

How do I know which personality type I am?

Easy—take our in-depth personality type test !

THE FINE PRINT: Myers-Briggs® and MBTI® are registered trademarks of the MBTI Trust, Inc., which has no affiliation with this site. Truity offers a free personality test based on Myers and Briggs' types, but does not offer the official MBTI® assessment. For more information on the Myers Briggs Type Indicator® assessment, please go here .

Truity Truity was founded in 2012 to bring you helpful information and assessments to help you understand yourself and use your strengths. We are based in San Francisco, CA.

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Personality Types Of Presenters

Home >  How to Present >  Personality Types

Are there different presenter personality types?

The question kept nagging our mind as we witnessed thousands of presentations made by various presenters over the years.

We saw people successfully using cold facts and statistics for emotional subjects like female infanticide.  We also saw presenters successfully using pure emotions in the board room while presenting on organization strategy.

The more we observed, the more we could see that the tools used by presenters to convey and support their ideas depended more on their personality, rather than on the nature of message.

That was our inspiration for attempting this classification of presenter personality types.

This is not a doctoral thesis but a simple attempt to give you a useful model to understand your strengths and areas of concern as a presenter.

Model for Presenter Personality Types:

You’ll understand this model better, if you start classifying your own presentation character type. So, pick up a pencil and paper and start from the basis of classification…

Are you Facts based or Feelings based Presenter?

How do you support your talk?

Do you rely more on providing facts to appeal to the logic of your audience or do you evoke feelings to appeal to the emotions of your audience?

While the extent of usage of facts or feelings depends on the objective of a presentation, we found that most presenters have fixed preferences, irrespective of the nature of their presentations.

So, take a look at your past presentations and see if you are a facts based presenter or a feelings based presenter.

Are you Expressive or Restrained?

How animated are your expressions when you present?

Do you tend to use a lot of superlatives like amazing, wonderful etc. in your talk, and use free hand gestures to emphasize your points? Or

Do you just run through your points in a matter of fact way?

Take a moment to recollect your past few presentations to note your style.

Now, you are ready to place yourself in one of the 4 quadrants of the model. Let’s explore each quadrant in detail.

Understanding the Personality Type Quadrants:

Type 1: persuader – expressive presenter who relies on facts.

These presenters have the ability to make high-voltage and persuasive presentations. Whether it is an investor presentation or high-profile client presentations – they know how to win the deal.

Their strengths are:

• Confidence and carriage
• Orientation to solve problems
• Willingness to take risks

Their areas of concern are:

• Their tendency to make lengthy presentations and to repeat information
• Their eagerness to over-generalize and stretch the facts
• Their overbearing style which might offend some audience

Suggestions for the Persuader:

If you are of this type…

• Structure your presentations around the needs of your audience
• Build credibility before launching a full length sales pitch
• Present the potential risks in your suggestion and how they are mitigated

Are you a Persuader type? Share your experience with us…

Type 2: Motivator – expressive presenter who evokes emotions

Motivator-type presenters can stir the audience emotions and move them into action. Their instinctive approach motivates people to give it their best.

• Their infectious enthusiasm engages the audience
• Their ability to read people and their feelings helps them connect with the audience
• Their optimism drives people to action
• Their presentation lacks details
• They focus on putting up a ‘show’ rather than presenting a logical argument
• They take rejections personally

Suggestions for motivator:

• Learn how to include data to support your talk
• Support your claims with testimonials and records
• Show how your suggestions are ‘practical’ to implement

Are you frustrated with spending hours to make a presentation? Still not feeling happy with the result? If you are interested in sharpening your presentation skills, we recommend…

… Powerful Presentations Skills Training Video . Learn how to make remarkable presentations step-by-step and at your convenience.

Let’s look at the other presenter personality types…

Type 3: Lecturer – Restrained presenter who relies on facts

These presenters are thorough in their preparation and want to be ‘correct’. They do their homework and hence sound credible.

• Their attention to detail inspires confidence in the audience
• Their presentations are organized with a clear structure
• Their suggestions are specific and their claims are backed by research
• They may overwhelm audience with excess information
• They may come across as cold and insensitive
• Their presentation style makes it difficult to connect with the audience

Suggestions for lecturers:

• Learn to simplify information using visual slides
• Spend time with the audience before and after the presentation to connect with them
• Remember to present the emotional benefits  of your product

Are you a lecturer type personality? Share your feedback with us…

Type 4: Philosopher – Restrained presenter who appeals to feelings

These presenters are friendly and hence connect with the audience quickly. They empathize with their audience and hence earn their trust.

• They are good listeners and hence can engage their audience
• They present an unbiased view and hence gain audience trust
• They can make audience ‘open up’ with their empathetic approach
• They don’t inspire confidence in the audience to provide innovative solutions
• They don’t challenge audience assumptions and hence lose control of their presentation
• They tend to get disturbed by tough and unruly audience

Suggestions for philosophers:

• Have sufficient data back up to handle tough questions from audience
• Talk specifics and take a clear stance when you make a claim
• Ask for the business or seek the next step while concluding your presentations

To conclude…

Knowing your presenter type will help you play on your strengths and protect your weaknesses. When you back your awareness with strong content made in the Minimal® way , you’ll make a lasting impression on your audience.

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Personality and its Types

Definition of personality,Determinants,Type A and B

Related Papers

Alwia Noorien

Explanation of personality and personality theories with respect to consumer behavior.

Dr. Mikael Chuaungo

● Meaning and nature of personality ● Type and Trait approaches to personality Hippocrates (choleric, melenchoic) and Sheldon (endo, meso, ecto) , Jung for Type, Allport, Hans Eysenck (Neuroticism, Extroversion, Introversion, Psychotism) & Raymond Cattell (surface, source) for trait. ● Assessment of personality: Rorschach Ink-blot Test, Thematic Apperception Test Description and Adminsitration and scoring and interpretation of the test ● Factors affecting personality development Hereditary and Environmental

New Ideas in Psychology

Raymond Bergner

Current Psychology

Leslie J. Francis

Five hundred and fifty-four undergraduate students attending a university-sector college in South Wales, United Kingdom, completed the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) (Form G) and the short-form Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. The results showed a number of statistically significant relationships between the two models of personality and drew attention to two substantively significant relationships. In Eysenckian terms, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

harpuneet kohli

The concept of personality has been explored from a wide range of conceptual viewpoints. This research tries to bring the varied concepts of personality under one roof. The current research explains the concept of different personality theories along with the limitations of those theories, starting with psychoanalytical approach and concluding at cognitive approach. Various implications of these theories, and personality, in general have been discussed. Scope for future research is also mentioned in concluding remarks.

Jung’s Model of Typology

Evam Joannais

Marie-Louise von Franz, Honorary Patron Studies in Jungian Psychology by Jungian Analysts Daryl Sharp, General Editor

Eric Bolden

The theory of personality began with temperament, which has traditionally been measured in terms of expressive and responsive behavior. Expressive behavior is generally how much a person approaches others in interaction. Responsive behavior is how much a person wants to be approached by others. These are the terms employed by a modern version of temperament theory, but they have had various names throughout the centuries. Factoring these two dimensions together generated four temperaments. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® (MBTI)'s 16 types (based on the theory of cognitive processes by Carl Jung) is the most popular form of personality theory today, surpassing both the FIRO-B® system and the old Galen temperaments. The backbone of type is the array of Jungian cognitive functions, whose preference in a dominant or auxiliary fashion define each of the 16 types. The basis of type is the way we divide reality between opposites. We have two different ways of processing information, and those are divided into opposite poles as well. We can think of them in terms of how a computer works: input, processing and output. We take in information, process it, and then act upon on it. The to personality models do have parallels, leading to a likely correlation.

Aisan Ghaemian Oskouei , Javad Gholami

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How the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Works

• Test Overview

The Myers Briggs Types

• Comparisons

Reliability and Validity

• Online MBTI Tests
• Next in Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Guide INTJ: The Architect (Introverted, Intuitive, Thinking, Judging)

Have you ever heard someone describe themselves as an INTJ or an ESTP and wondered what those cryptic-sounding letters could mean? What these people are referring to is their personality type based on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).

The Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator is a self-report inventory designed to identify a person's personality type, strengths, and preferences. The questionnaire was developed by Isabel Myers and her mother Katherine Briggs based on their work with Carl Jung's theory of personality types. Today, the MBTI inventory is one of the world's most widely used psychological instruments.

This article discusses how the Myers-Briggs types were created, what the 16 different MBTI types are, and how this personality typing system works.

The Development of the Myers-Briggs Test

Both Myers and Briggs were fascinated by Jung's theory of psychological types and recognized that the theory could have real-world applications. During World War II, they began researching and developing an indicator that could be utilized to help understand individual differences.

By helping people understand themselves, Myers and Briggs believed that they could help people select occupations that were best suited to their personality types and lead healthier, happier lives.

Myers created the first pen-and-pencil version of the inventory during the 1940s, and the two women began testing the assessment on friends and family. They continued to fully develop the instrument over the next two decades.

An Overview of the Test

Based on the answers to the questions on the inventory, people are identified as having one of 16 personality types. The goal of the MBTI is to allow respondents to further explore and understand their own personalities including their likes, dislikes, strengths, weaknesses, possible career preferences, and compatibility with other people.

No one personality type is "best" or "better" than another. It isn't a tool designed to look for dysfunction or abnormality. Instead, its goal is simply to help you learn more about yourself. The questionnaire itself is made up of four different scales.

Extraversion (E) – Introversion (I)

The extraversion - introversion dichotomy was first explored by Jung in his theory of personality types as a way to describe how people respond and interact with the world around them. While these terms are familiar to most people, the way in which they are used in the MBTI differs somewhat from their popular usage.

Extraverts (also often spelled extroverts) are "outward-turning" and tend to be action-oriented, enjoy more frequent social interaction, and feel energized after spending time with other people. Introverts are "inward-turning" and tend to be thought-oriented, enjoy deep and meaningful social interactions, and feel recharged after spending time alone.

We all exhibit extraversion and introversion to some degree, but most of us tend to have an overall preference for one or the other.

Sensing (S) – Intuition (N)

This scale involves looking at how people gather information from the world around them. Just like with extraversion and introversion, all people spend some time sensing and intuiting depending on the situation. According to the MBTI, people tend to be dominant in one area or the other.

People who prefer sensing tend to pay a great deal of attention to reality, particularly to what they can learn from their own senses. They tend to focus on facts and details and enjoy getting hands-on experience. Those who prefer intuition pay more attention to things like patterns and impressions. They enjoy thinking about possibilities, imagining the future, and abstract theories.

Thinking (T) – Feeling (F)

This scale focuses on how people make decisions based on the information that they gathered from their sensing or intuition functions. People who prefer thinking place a greater emphasis on facts and objective data.

They tend to be consistent, logical, and impersonal when weighing a decision. Those who prefer feeling are more likely to consider people and emotions when arriving at a conclusion.

Judging (J) – Perceiving (P)

The final scale involves how people tend to deal with the outside world. Those who lean toward judging prefer structure and firm decisions. People who lean toward perceiving are more open, flexible, and adaptable. These two tendencies interact with the other scales.

Remember, all people at least spend some time engaged in extraverted activities. The judging-perceiving scale helps describe whether you behave like an extravert when you are taking in new information (sensing and intuiting) or when you are making decisions (thinking and feeling).

Each type is then listed by its four-letter code:

• ISTJ - The Inspector : Reserved and practical, they tend to be loyal, orderly, and traditional.
• ISTP - The Crafter : Highly independent, they enjoy new experiences that provide first-hand learning.
• ISFJ - The Protector : Warm-hearted and dedicated, they are always ready to protect the people they care about.
• ISFP - The Artist : Easy-going and flexible, they tend to be reserved and artistic.
• INFJ - The Advocate : Creative and analytical, they are considered one of the rarest Myers-Briggs types.
• INFP - The Mediator : Idealistic with high values, they strive to make the world a better place.
• INTJ - The Architect : High logical, they are both very creative and analytical.
• INTP - The Thinker : Quiet and introverted, they are known for having a rich inner world.
• ESTP - The Persuader : Out-going and dramatic, they enjoy spending time with others and focusing on the here-and-now.
• ESTJ - The Director : Assertive and rule-oriented, they have high principles and a tendency to take charge.
• ESFP - The Performer : Outgoing and spontaneous, they enjoy taking center stage.
• ESFJ - The Caregiver : Soft-hearted and outgoing, they tend to believe the best about other people.
• ENFP - The Champion : Charismatic and energetic, they enjoy situations where they can put their creativity to work. 
• ENFJ - The Giver : Loyal and sensitive, they are known for being understanding and generous.
• ENTP - The Debater : Highly inventive, they love being surrounded by ideas and tend to start many projects (but may struggle to finish them).
• ENTJ - The Commander : Outspoken and confident, they are great at making plans and organizing projects.

Taking the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator can provide a lot of insight into your personality, which is probably why the instrument has become so popular. Even without taking the formal questionnaire, you can probably immediately recognize some of these tendencies in yourself.

According to the Myers & Briggs Foundation, it is important to remember that every type has value.

When working in group situations in school or at work, for example, recognizing your own strengths and understanding the strengths of others can be very helpful. When you are working toward completing a project with other members of a group, you might realize that certain members of the group are skilled and talented at performing particular actions. By recognizing these differences, the group can better assign tasks and work together on achieving their goals.

How MBTI Differs From Other Instruments

The MBTI is just one approach to personality typing. Personality typing refers to systems that categorize people based on their traits, tendencies, and other characteristics. Other popular types of personality tests include:

• The Enneagram
• The Five Love Languages
• The Big Five Personality Assessment
• The Workplace DISC Test
• Cattell's 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire

However, the Myers-Briggs types differ in some important ways. First, the MBTI is not really a "test." There are no right or wrong answers, and one type is not better than any other type. The purpose of the indicator is not to evaluate mental health or offer any type of diagnosis.

Also, unlike many other psychological evaluations, your results are not compared against any norms. Instead of looking at your score in comparison to other people's results, the instrument's goal is to simply offer further information about your unique personality.

According to the Myers & Briggs Foundation, the MBTI meets accepted standards of reliability and validity . The official website for the test suggests that it has a 90% accuracy and test-retest reliability rating. One study found that while the scale showed strong internal consistency and test-retest reliability, variations were observed. Other studies indicate that the reliability and validity of the instrument have not been adequately demonstrated. For example, some research suggests that around many people get differing results when they later retake the test and the test is not a good predictor of success in different careers.

While the MBTI remains a popular assessment, there is not enough evidence for its scientific validity to recommend using it as a personality or career guidance tool.

The MBTI Today

Because the Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator is relatively easy to use, it has become one of the most popular psychological instruments currently in use today. Approximately two million U.S. adults complete the inventory each year.

While there are many versions of the MBTI available online, it should be noted that any of the informal questionnaires that you may find on the Internet are only approximations of the real thing.

The real MBTI must be administered by a trained and qualified practitioner that includes a follow-up of the results. Today, the questionnaire can be administered online via the instrument publisher, CPP, Inc. , and includes receiving a professional interpretation of your results.

The current version of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator includes 93 forced-choice questions in the North American version and 88 forced-choice questions in the European version. For each question, there are two different options from which the respondent must choose.

The Myers & Briggs Foundation. Original research .

Yang C, Richard G, Durkin M. The association between Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and Psychiatry as the specialty choice . Int J Med Educ . 2016;7:48-51. doi:10.5116/ijme.5698.e2cd

Center for Applications of Psychological Type.  Estimated frequencies of the types in the United States population .

Spiotta AM.  Incorporation of personality typing into a neurologic surgery residency program: Utility in systems based practice, professionalism, and self-reflection .  World Neurosurg . 2018;120:e1041-e1046. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2018.09.007

Capraro RM, Capraro MM. Myers-Briggs type indicator score reliability across: studies a meta-analytic reliability generalization study . Educational and Psychological Measurement . 2002;62(4):590-602. doi:10.1177/0013164402062004004

Pittenger DJ. The utility of the Myers-Briggs type indicator . Review of Educational Research . 1993;63(4):467-488. doi:10.3102/00346543063004467

The Myers & Briggs Foundation. Versions of the MBTI questionnaire .

Bjork RA, Druckman D. In the Mind's Eye: Enhancing Human Performance . Washington, DC: National Academy Press. 1992.

Jung CG. Psychological Types. In Collected Works of C.G. Jung, Volume 6. Princeton University Press: 1971.

Lawrence GD, Martin CR. Building People, Building Programs. Center for Applications of Psychological Type. 2001.

Myers IB, Peter BM. Gifts Differing: Understanding Personality Type. Mountain View, CA: Davies-Black Publishing. 1980.

Pittenger DJ. Measuring the MBTI...And Coming Up Short . Journal of Career Planning and Employment . 1993;54(1):48-52.

The Myers & Briggs Foundation. (n.d.). Reliability and Validity of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Instrument .

The Myers & Briggs Foundation. (n.d.). All Types Are Equal.

By Kendra Cherry, MSEd Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

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Types of Personalities - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Types of Personalities

With this presentation, lets know about personality traits and types of personalities. understand yourself better and join personality grooming classes for self improvement. visit - – powerpoint ppt presentation.

• By StrengthsTheatre
• Personality is a simple idea for a large portion of us to get a handle on. It's what makes you, you. It incorporates every one of the traits, attributes, and eccentricities that set you apart from every other person by different types of personalities.
• In the realm of brain research look into, personality is somewhat more confused. The meaning of personality can be unpredictable, and the manner in which it is characterized can impact how it is comprehended and estimated.
• "Personality is the integrative organization of all the cognitive, affective, conative and physical characteristics of an individual as it manifest itself in focal distinction from others."
• the totality of an individual's behavioral and emotional characteristics
• Merriam Webster
• Extroversion Suitability
• Principles Neuroticism
• Receptiveness to Experience
• On the off chance that, for instance, your four prevailing inclinations are Extroversion (E), Sensing (S), Feeling (F) and Perceiving (P), your personality type is ESFP. No personality type is superior to another. Every individual has a one of a kind arrangement of similarly profitable qualities. Understanding your sort can be helpful from multiple points of view, including connections, vocation, and learning.
• A pleasing persona trumps everything. Be it a resume, a portfolio or a project result-report, your personality speaks louder. With an impeccable personality youre bound to attain success in all your life endeavors. With innovative techniques and methods of personality development one can overcome shyness, hesitation, low-self esteem and other fears.
• Develop your inner self and strengths with premium personality development classes conducted by Sanjeev Datta, the jury member of Miss India Organisation.
• Our personality development classes have been undertaken by students, teachers, principals, CEOs, parents, winners of Miss India, Miss Diva and Mr. India who represent India at top international pageants like Miss Universe, Miss World, Miss United Continent, Miss Supranational, Mr. Supranational and Mr. World. Over the past 15 years, our aim has been to make India more confident. Join our personality development training with bandwagon of 1,00,000 students who have truly experienced the personality transformation of a lifetime.

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Marjorie Taylor Greene rips Laura Loomer over 'extremely racist' anti-Harris post

by RAY LEWIS | The National Desk

WASHINGTON (TND) — Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, R-Ga., on Wednesday urged an activist traveling with former President Donald Trump’s campaign to delete a social media post making fun of Vice President Kamala Harris’s Indian ancestry.

Laura Loomer, a pro-Trump social media personality, wrote on X this past weekend that the White House would smell like curry if Harris wins, adding that presidential speeches would “be facilitated via a call center.”

"The American people will only be able to convey their feedback through a customer satisfaction survey at the end of the call that nobody will understand,” Loomer’s post reads.

Rep. Greene called her comments “appalling” and “extremely racist.”

“It does not represent who we are as Republicans or MAGA. This does not represent President Trump,” the congresswoman said. “This type of behavior should not be tolerated ever. @LauraLoomer should take this down.”

Loomer on Wednesday attended Trump’s commemoration of United Flight 93, which crashed in Pennsylvania during the 9/11 terrorist attacks. She also flew on the plane the former president took to Tuesday night’s debate.

Rep. Greene said that the activist’s post reflects poorly on Trump, a viewpoint reportedly shared by Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C.

The senator argued that Trump would “serve himself well” to make sure Loomer’s association with him “doesn’t become a bigger story,” according to the Huffington Post .

“Marjorie Taylor Greene is right. I don’t say that a lot,” Sen. Graham noted.

“I think what [Loomer] said about Kamala Harris and the White House is abhorrent, but it’s deeper than that,” he reportedly added.

Loomer wrote in a separate X post that the lawmakers’ criticisms were “petty bulls**t.”

“Republicans attacking me are simply jealous that they were not on the plane with President Trump. That’s what it all boils down to. MTG ... and ... Lindsey Graham are jealous,” she posted.

The White House called comments like those by Loomer “un-American.”

“It doesn’t matter what your political views are. You should stand and condemn these types of just repugnant words,” Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre said. “No leader should ever associate with someone who spreads this kind of ugliness, this kind of racist poison. That’s what this is.”

Have questions, concerns or tips? Send them to Ray at [email protected] .