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Introduction

Studying Abroad

Benefits of studying abroad, affordability and scholarships, visualization of the experience.

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Persuasive Case: Study Abroad Potential

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Published: Mar 25, 2024

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Table of Contents

Studying abroad, speaking out: how u.s. universities approach expression in study abroad programs.

Each year, hundreds of thousands of students at American universities study abroad. [1] There are many benefits to studying abroad: new experiences, cross-cultural education, broadened research opportunities. But one potential downside that students must carefully consider is the possibility that their destination country could operate under very different rules regarding freedom of expression.

Because of the differing legal environments between nations, both students and their universities must navigate difficult questions about whether it is safe, legal, or wise to engage in expression about religion, politics, gender, sexuality, protest, or other sensitive issues abroad. To better understand how universities address these complicated issues, FIRE surveyed the study abroad policies and resources at 100 top universities in the United States. [2]

FIRE found a number of commonalities among universities’ handling of speech issues in education abroad programs — reliance on State Department resources about student travel and warnings about the risks of engaging in speech or protest abroad, for example. Concerningly, however, FIRE found that a group of universities, including the entire University of California system, maintain policies that sharply limit students’ overseas speech and raise questions about how academic institutions should handle conflicts between American expressive rights and repressive censorship policies overseas.

FIRE’s survey addresses university policies and educational materials related to expression in study abroad programs, namely: 1) information about student rights abroad, 2) limits on student travel related to speech restrictions abroad, 3) warnings against expressive conduct abroad, and 4) policies governing students’ speech in study abroad programs. Additionally, FIRE offers suggestions for universities to better prepare their students for the challenging speech issues they may encounter while still respecting their rights.

Information about student rights abroad

Students choosing to take part in study abroad programs, especially those who have not extensively traveled before, naturally need to be given basic information about navigating life abroad: information about healthcare, immigration policies, currencies, housing, and so forth. But they should also be counseled about their rights, their destination country’s legal system, and the differences between the rights they enjoy in the United States and those that they do and do not enjoy in the country they intend to visit.

To address this need, many of the universities FIRE surveyed encourage students to research their travel destinations and volunteer basic resources about how student rights could be implicated by travel abroad. Of the 100 university websites surveyed, FIRE found that 80 of them offer easily accessible links or resource pages for students to review.

Most commonly, universities direct students to information available on the U.S. Department of State’s “ U.S. Students Abroad ” page. These resources include a series of specialized pages addressing students’ unique situations, including some advice on foreign legal systems and their relationship to expressive activity abroad. For example:

• The “ High-Risk Area Travelers ” page recommends that travelers “[e]rase any sensitive photos, comments, or other materials from your social media pages, cameras, laptops, and other electronic devices that could be considered controversial or provocative by local groups.” It makes clear that students “are subject to the laws and the legal system of the country [they] are visiting.”
• The “ Journalist Travelers ” page warns: “Find out if you must register with a local press syndicate or receive official press credentials. Sometimes, countries may tolerate ‘informal’ journalists until there is criticism of the local government. Not having a press credential might be used as a reason to deport or even imprison you.”
• “ Faith-Based Travelers ” are advised that “[m]any countries have laws that restrict religious expression” and may prohibit, among other things, “public or private prayer or other religious practices,” “speaking to others about your beliefs,” “criticizing or questioning the religious beliefs of others,” and “distributing religious literature.”
• “ LGBTI Travelers ” are warned that “[m]ore than seventy countries consider consensual same-sex sexual relations a crime, sometimes carrying severe punishment,” and that “consensual same-sex sexual activity, public gathering, or dissemination of pro-LGBTI material may be illegal.”

Students are also directed to the State Department’s country-specific Travel Advisories , which range from Level 1 (“Exercise normal precautions”) to Level 4 (“Do not travel”). Individual country pages and travel advisories contain information about ongoing security threats, travel requirements, local laws, and, in some cases, notable speech restrictions. For example, the pages explain that:

• In the United Arab Emirates , “[i]ndividuals may be arrested, fined, and/or deported for … making rude gestures, swearing, touching another person without his/her permission, and making derogatory statements about the UAE, the royal families, the local governments or other people.” Travelers are warned to be “cautious about online posting of information that might be deemed to insult or challenge the local or national government,” and to “avoid posting insults or derogatory information about governments, institutions, or individuals.”
• Qatar “provides for a prison sentence of up to seven years for defaming, desecrating, or committing blasphemy against Islam, Christianity, or Judaism” and “also restricts public worship for non-Islamic faiths.” Additionally, “[i]ncidents involving obscene language, gestures, or insulting comments often result in arrest, overnight imprisonment, and/or fines.”
• Travel to the People’s Republic of China , where “security personnel may detain and/or deport U.S. citizens for sending private electronic messages critical of the PRC government,” should be “reconsider[ed]” because of “arbitrary enforcement of local laws.” In the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the “National Security Law also covers offenses committed by non-Hong Kong residents or organizations outside of Hong Kong, which could subject U.S. citizens who have been publicly critical of the PRC to a heightened risk of arrest, detention, expulsion, or prosecution,” and “activities that authorities interpret as constituting an act of secession, subversion, terrorism, or collusion with a foreign country could result in criminal charges.”

While most universities rely on the State Department for information about general safety on study abroad and information on individual countries’ speech policies, some go further. Texas A&M University, for example, offers its own frequently updated and more in-depth warnings for “high” and “extreme risk” countries. Speech-related assessments from this summer include:

• In Egypt, “[l]ocal law prohibits protesting or demonstrating without a permit. Being near anti-government protests can draw scrutiny from Egyptian police and security forces.”
• In Russia, “[p]rotests are expected to continue in major cities, with authorities restricting movement and declaring the protests illegal. It is advised to avoid all protests and concentrations of security forces.”
• “Travelers should avoid all demonstrations and follow the advice of local authorities” in Honduras.

FIRE Recommendation: Ensuring students understand the expressive challenges they may face abroad should be a basic priority for universities that operate such programs — especially if those universities prioritize freedom of expression in the United States, either as public universities bound by the First Amendment or private universities that have voluntarily committed to do so. While the resources and travel warnings offered by the State Department are helpful for students, universities should do more to ensure this necessary information is more readily accessible to students and does not require them to navigate a number of different pages — like country warnings, or pages designed for religious travelers or student journalists — to understand the different ways their expressive rights may be limited at their destination. In short, universities should accept the mantle of responsibility to proactively put information about speech restrictions abroad in front of students, rather than simply encouraging them to seek it out on their own. At the beginning of the study abroad process, specific country information should be publicly available to all interested students, as that information may help students determine how their personal lives and college careers will be impacted by the decision to study overseas.

Limits on student travel related to speech restrictions abroad

For obvious reasons — like civil war, public health, terrorism, and so forth — universities may limit what study abroad options they will offer or coordinate for students. In most cases, when a university places restrictions on study abroad destinations, it does so based on advisories or warnings from the State Department, [3] which, in some cases, are issued based on government suppression of speech, protest, or religion in those countries.

FIRE found that 47 of the universities we surveyed had readily available information about study abroad country restrictions, with a majority noting that they used or relied on State Department advisories to determine where students could not travel. These universities generally prohibit or require special permission to travel to countries with a Level 4 advisory, “the highest advisory level due to greater likelihood of life-threatening risks” where “the U.S. government may have very limited ability to provide assistance.” Additionally, some universities, like the University of Maryland , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , and the University of Georgia , restrict travel to Level 3-rated countries, where travelers are advised to “reconsider travel” “due to serious risks to safety and security.” For example, Belarus is given a Level 4 advisory “due to the arbitrary enforcement of laws, and risk of detention,” and Hong Kong is listed as Level 3 in part due to “arbitrary enforcement of local laws.”

In addition to State Department advisories, universities sometimes employ other methods to determine how to limit student travel. Texas A&M University offers a weekly advisory report produced with travel risk consulting company FocusPoint International , which creates risk summaries and a country travel advisory list that warns that travel to “Extreme Risk countries or countries with an Extreme Risk region” requires additional permission and review.

The Ohio State University utilizes resources, including State Department advisories and its evacuation insurance provider’s rating system, to create its own risk scale ranging from Tier 1: Universal Risk, where travelers should assume basic level of risk, to Tier 5: Extreme Risk, where travel is “highly discouraged” and not permitted for undergraduate programs at minimum.

Similarly, Harvard University’s Global Support Services shares risk ratings “based on guidance from several sources, including the U.S. State Department and other foreign ministries, our worldwide security consultants, and regional experts among Harvard’s faculty and staff.” GSS notes:

Whereas the U.S. State Department and similar foreign affairs organizations base their ratings off their own citizens’ business and tourist travel, Harvard’s ratings take into account the unique and diverse work and backgrounds of our students, faculty, staff, and other academics. The University’s student travel policies also correlate with the Harvard GSS risk ratings.

FIRE Recommendation: As always, transparency matters. Universities should be clear and upfront about the reasons why they may limit institutional travel to some countries, but promote it in others. Regardless of whether universities rely entirely on State Department advisories, or use other services to determine their travel restrictions, students should be able to easily understand why and how universities reach their decisions on study abroad travel.

Warnings against expressive conduct abroad

As discussed above, universities should, and often do, notify their students that travel destinations will have speech restrictions, or encourage students to research overseas laws on their own. But some go a step further, offering blanket warnings against engaging in speech overseas, especially at protests and on social media.

FIRE found such publicly available warnings at 39 of the universities we surveyed. The warnings range from short directives to avoid demonstrations to longer explanations about why protest can be dangerous, and the legal risks that joining or attending them may entail. These statements generally warn students against joining protests for safety or visa reasons, but do not have clear university disciplinary action associated with them. [4] For example (emphases added):

• The University of Minnesota warns : “ Keep away from political demonstrations, particularly those directed toward the United States. If you see a situation developing, resist the temptation to satisfy your curiosity and investigate what is happening. Walk the other way. Do not agree to newspaper or other media interviews regarding political conflicts. It is important to remain as inconspicuous as possible. Do not make reference to your program group. In such cases, always say ‘no comment’ and hang up or walk the other way.”
• At the University of Washington, students are advised : “Whether you are passionate about the cause or a curious observer, do not attend any political demonstrations while abroad . Not only do these events have the potential to escalate from peaceful gatherings to violent clashes with police and government forces, but as a foreigner, your participation may also be illegal and can carry severe consequences. U.S. students abroad have been arrested, detained, subjected to fines and jail sentences, and forcefully deported due to their real or perceived involvement in demonstrations . If you know of a scheduled rally or demonstration, avoid the affected area of the city. If you come into contact with a demonstration by chance, adjust your route and leave the area.”
• The University of Southern California cautions : “ Avoid crowds, protest groups or other potentially volatile situations , as well as restaurants and entertainment places where Americans are known to congregate. While ‘safety in numbers’ is generally a good rule to follow, traveling as a ‘pack’ of American students may attract attention and possibly cause problems.” USC also notes, “Do not get involved in any social or political unrest or illegal movements, no matter how sympathetic you are with the cause or the people involved.”
• Carnegie Mellon University reminds students that the burden of protest attendance remains on them rather than the university: “In some cities and countries, public political demonstrations are not uncommon. If you choose to participate in a demonstration, be aware that some of your hosts may not appreciate that you, a foreign visitor, are publicly opposing their political or social system. Your behavior abroad is your responsibility, not Carnegie Mellon’s, and you should think about the consequences before acting. ”
• The University of Texas at Austin advises : “ Be mindful of what you are posting on social media while abroad and never assume privacy in other countries ” and “ Assume that any activity on your device, especially on the Internet, will be intercepted . Be especially mindful of any security warnings from web browsers and applications.” Regardings protest, UT Austin warns , “Public protests and demonstrations are common, but they can be very dangerous. Even a peaceful protest or demonstration can become violent without warning. Students should never participate in a public rally, demonstration, or protest . If these events occur during your program, avoid the area.” And, “ It is advised not to express political views on social media. ”
• The University of Colorado, Boulder takes a somewhat different position, advising students of the safety considerations at play in foreign protests, but also noting the reputational risks student participation could pose to the university: “ Participating in an illegal demonstration or strike might not only cause you physical harm, it might also be harmful to CU’s relationship with the host institution or country .”

These warnings generally do not carry sanction warnings from the university, but do make clear that students should expect other consequences, including threats to their safety or possible imprisonment.

FIRE Recommendation: Generally speaking, universities should seek to inspire students to engage in conversation, debate, and expression. However, this mission may put both students and institutions in an uncomfortable situation when coordinating study overseas. The simple fact is that the same expression universities might, or should, encourage at their U.S. campuses could lead to trouble elsewhere. But while administrators have a responsibility to warn students about the legal risks of expression, they should still endeavor to do so in a manner that is respectful of the importance and value of speech.

University training material should make clear the safety risks students may be undertaking by protesting, tweeting, or practicing their faith abroad, and the potential that they may be arrested, prosecuted, expelled from the country, or outside the reach of U.S. authorities.

However, they should also ensure that students know that the risk of engaging in speech will vary by country, and that understanding specific local laws and culture is required to give students a clearer picture of the rights and risks. Warnings should not be so general as to suggest to students that, no matter where they are, it’s better if they say nothing at all. Students should be prepared, sufficiently warned, and cognizant of the local legal system, but they should not be made to believe that all kinds of speech carry similar risks regardless of their host countries. Students traveling to France, for instance, should not be given the same warnings about expressive activity as students traveling to China. When it comes to warnings about speech abroad, one size will not fit all.

Administrators can and should warn students of specific situations and sensitive topics that could incur risk, but they should not lose sight of the importance of students’ agency. Wisely or not, students may feel strongly enough about an issue to engage in speech overseas — perhaps because they have family or friends personally affected by events in their host country, or because they wish to show support for political, religious, or other meaningful movements taking place — and it should be clear to them if their university is simply advising against speech overseas.

Lastly, universities should do more than just warn students about the dangers of speech overseas. They should also teach students about the tools they can use to protect themselves, whether via simple suggestions like changing privacy settings on social media or more complex advice regarding the protection of sensitive information on electronic devices while traveling across borders.

Policies governing students’ speech in study abroad programs

As discussed above, some universities offer a series of resources or advisories to students taking part in study abroad programs that will educate them about speech rights (or lack thereof) abroad and warn them about engaging in expressive activities. But FIRE’s survey found 18 universities, including public institutions, that went further and crafted policies that confusingly incorporate foreign laws into university conduct policies or govern what students can say abroad, raising questions about what an American university’s role is in handling student expression overseas.

For example, Michigan State University’s Education Abroad program asserts :

As a condition of participation in the Education Abroad program, you agree to not participate in and to avoid any demonstrations and protests. Even those with peaceful intentions may become unsafe and/or involve negative confrontations with local law enforcement. If you are accidentally caught up in a demonstration, you must leave the area as soon as it is safe to do so. If you have any questions or concerns about civil unrest before your program or while abroad, contact us. If you participate in a local demonstration or protest you are subject to local laws and may be subject to disciplinary action by MSU, your host institution, and/or program provider. Remember that you are serving as an ambassador of MSU and the United States. [Emphasis added.]

Similarly, Northwestern University’s “Travel Safety” page warns that “Students are not permitted to participate in—or attend—any kind of public demonstration.”

Boston College’s Study Abroad Handbook explicitly states , “Do not participate in any political demonstrations.”

Georgetown University’s conditions of participation for its study abroad program also ban involvement in protest, but go further:

I understand that conduct considered unacceptable to Georgetown University may lead to my dismissal from the program. Such conduct includes, but is not limited to: … attendance at and/or participation in rallies, protests, or demonstrations, or participation in political activities.

While the broad ban on attendance at overseas protests — not defined as protests that are illegal or turn violent, but rather “rallies” and “protests” more generally — is troubling enough, Georgetown’s conditions go further by listing “participation in political activities” as potentially sanctionable conduct. “Political activities” is an incredibly broad phrase. Would wearing a pro-LGBT pride pin count as a political activity? Would writing an op-ed discussing foreign policy count? What about a student’s tweet criticizing their host country’s president? It’s not clear from Georgetown’s policy, meaning that students taking part in the university’s study abroad program may reasonably conclude that they should self-censor potentially political speech rather than risk dismissal from their program.

North Carolina State University’s Study Abroad Participant Agreement states :

Each foreign country has its own laws and regulations and has standards of acceptable conduct in the areas of dress, manners, morals, religion, social customs, politics, alcohol use, drug use and behavior. I recognize that behavior or conduct which violate those laws or standards could harm the program’s effectiveness and the University’s relations with those countries in which the program is located. I also understand explicitly that behavior or conduct which violates those laws or standards could harm my own health and safety as well as the health and safety of other participants in the program. I take full responsibility for my behavior and conduct. This acceptance of responsibility applies to my conduct and behavior whether or not I am under the direct supervision of the University, University employees, agents, or program officials. [ … ] I agree that the University has the right to enforce all of the standards of conduct, rules and regulations described above and in any other materials provided to me. The enforcement of these rules, regulations and standards are the responsibility of the program director and the Study Abroad Office.

NC State’s agreement appears to suggest to students that the university’s Study Abroad Office may punish students if they violate not only their host country’s laws, but also its “standards of acceptable conduct in the areas of dress, manners, morals, religion, social customs, politics, alcohol use, drug use and behavior.” While violations of certain cultural norms could lead to embarrassment for NC State or even legal trouble for the involved students, it is difficult to imagine that students taking part in the study abroad program can accurately predict how the university will determine what violates standards of morals, religion, or dress in a foreign country. Indeed, incorporating vague cultural standards into conduct policies raises troubling questions about whether students could face punishment for openly expressing frowned-upon religious views or opinions about sexuality, for example.

The University of California’s Education Abroad Program, which works with ten campuses within the UC system and coordinates travel programs in over 40 countries, offers an even more troubling set of rules in its “ Student Conduct and Discipline Policy .” The policy notes that, while it is similar to UC Policies on American campuses, “UCEAP standards may be set higher and may be stricter because of the broader consequences of student conduct when a student is participating in UCEAP (e.g., student conduct may affect UCEAP’s relations with the host institution and the local community or arouse anti-American sentiments).”

It goes on to explain that “violation of UC, local institution, or UCEAP policies or regulations” can lead to sanctions ranging from reprimand to dismissal from the program:

Behaviors that may lead to dismissal from UCEAP include actions that, in the judgment of UCEAP officials, jeopardize a student’s welfare, that of fellow students, or the program. Such actions include, but are not limited to: Violation of the laws of the country or host institution Open abuse of the customs and mores of the community [ … ] Harassment of any kind—physically or verbally abusing, disrespecting, or threatening any program member or host institution official [ … ] • Inappropriate, disrespectful, rude, or aggressive communication or actions toward others, and uncivil behavior or communication (e.g. talking back, willfully ignoring program or host institution communications, physical or psychological intimidation, culturally insensitive behavior, name calling, willful or malicious maligning of any member of the UCEAP community, use of obscene or profane language) with others, particularly any official associated with the program [ … ] Bias-motivated behavior, intentionally or unintentionally (e.g., on the basis of a disability, sexual orientation, race, religion, ethnicity, size, age, etc.)

Universities must work to preserve student safety in their overseas programs, but that does not mean they are granted a blank check to punish any unpopular or rude student speech under the guise of safety. Readers of this report likely have vastly different understandings of what language or behavior is “inappropriate,” “rude,” “profane,” “offensive,” “culturally insensitive,” or “open abuse of the customs and mores of the community.” Perceptions among students are no doubt equally diverse, and even the most basic expression or academic conversations about religion, politics, gender, or race could violate a subjective interpretation of these terms. Policies like the UC System’s can leave students in the dark about what their rights are within their university, when they are likely already uncertain about what their rights are abroad. Such a policy would undoubtedly be in violation of students’ First Amendment rights if applied within the United States.

While they are not within the top 100 universities surveyed, FIRE found other universities maintaining similar policies while conducting research on this issue. Clarion University ’s Handbook for Faculty/Staff Conducting Study Abroad or Service-Learning Abroad warns “Do NOT participate in political demonstrations or take sides in a Civil War or coup” and then explains:

No tweets, facebook posts, instagrams, yik yaks, snapchats, etc. which may be viewed as taking a stance or side The right to free speech as we Americans know it does not exist in other countries. Participating in political demonstrations or posting on facebook your opinion about such events could put all program participants at risk. The Clarion Student Handbook prohibits students from “…recklessly creating a risk…”

Millersville University’s Participant Conduct Expectations notifies students that “As a condition of participation in MU-Related International Travel, including study abroad programs, you agree to not participate in and to avoid any demonstrations and protests abroad. Even those with peaceful intentions may become unsafe and/or involve negative confrontations with local law enforcement.” And Niagara Area Community College’s Study Abroad Guidelines state : “While in the host country, participants must refrain from political activity for their own safety. Participants in overseas programs may not participate in such political activities as joining political parties or unions, demonstrations, and soliciting political material or picketing.”

FIRE Recommendation: Universities are in a delicate position when coordinating student travel and programs overseas — but that does not mean they should mirror unjust overseas speech restrictions within their own policies. University policies on speech in study abroad programs should make clear that students are bound by their destination country’s legal systems, that they may be required to leave the program and country if legal concerns or serious threats of violence are posed in response to their expression, and that administrators may be unable to provide aid in certain situations. The policies should make clear what expression has the potential to violate foreign laws or customs or partner institution policies and what speech-related consequences students can expect from state officials, immigration authorities, and partner university administrators. But universities should not develop vague policies that create additional confusion among students and the potential for self-censorship and administrative abuse.

While the differing legal systems overseas create unique challenges and difficulties in study abroad programs, universities managing these programs can follow the same principles that should guide questions about freedom of expression on U.S. campuses:

• Education: Just like those in the United States, students abroad should know their rights — and their universities are perfectly positioned to teach them. Administrators should ensure students understand the differing speech protections between borders and the varied consequences of violating laws, customs, or institutional policies. They should make it as easy as possible for students to access this material. Rather than encouraging students to simply do their own research about their destination country, universities should have relevant information about expressive issues readily available to students as they make their decisions about studying abroad.
• Ease of access: Universities should consider having all of the relevant expressive resources in one place, rather than spread between safety and security pages, code of conduct guides, State Department pages, and travel warning lists — a “one stop shop” for free expression issues in study abroad. If students intend to go overseas, they can make the best choices for themselves when they have all of the information at hand and can know what a location or program will mean for their rights and their college careers. A student wondering if their ideas, religious beliefs, and/or political views are safe to express in a prospective program should be able to find up-to-date information they need to make an educated decision in one place.
• Transparent, clear, speech-protective policies: Universities should not reflexively incorporate illiberal censorship rules into their policies just because some of their program locations may have more restrictive legal systems, or create policies for all study abroad students based on the most speech-restrictive destinations some students visit. University policies should instead clearly explain the competing legal and administrative systems governing students, the consequences they could face for expressive activity, and how administrators will handle threats to student speech — but they should not pose additional threats to student rights.

Finally, universities should routinely reassess their exchange programs and study abroad partnerships to identify whether the facts on the ground have changed in a manner that impacts student rights. Last summer, FIRE wrote that universities needed to reassess their study abroad programs in Hong Kong as the state of free speech dramatically worsened. Since then, it has declined even more aggressively. Universities should not be conducting programs in Hong Kong today the same way they might have five years ago. They should be discussing what speech protections still exist at their partner institutions, what new warnings should be given to students considering travel there, and whether they should scale back their programs. Global politics are fluid, and universities must mirror that.

As FIRE has argued for years , universities do not need to disengage from the world simply because engagement poses unique challenges to speech. But their engagement must be guided by their commitments to freedom of speech and academic freedom and their responsibility to protect students’ rights. As always, FIRE stands ready to assist universities in preserving expressive freedoms for their communities, whether they’re in the United States or abroad.

[1] Study abroad programs have experienced extensive changes in recent months due to COVID-19, but while the logistics of travel are different and may remain changed in coming years, the underlying freedom of expression issues remain constant.

[2] For the full list of universities and FIRE’s full findings, please see the end of this report. Some universities offer training that is not public and instead is made available to students who have entered into study abroad programs or are further in the process of planning. While these trainings may offer more comprehensive education, such information should be publicly available to the general community at the beginning of the process to aid students in choosing the right program. FIRE surveyed only publicly available material. FIRE encourages readers to notify us if we missed any relevant public policies at the surveyed institutions.

[3] While only some of the universities surveyed by FIRE did not have information about destination restrictions readily available to the public, it is unlikely that any university is operating without safety-based limits on student travel.

[4] Warnings against speech that also suggest or threaten disciplinary action are discussed later in this report, and are not included in this section.

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❓ Questions About Studying Abroad

In your studying abroad essay, you might want to write about advantages and disadvantages of being an international student. Another option is to describe the process of making application for a scholarship. One more idea is to share your personal experience. Whether you’re planning to write an argumentative, descriptive, or persuasive essay, our article will be helpful. Here we’ve collected top studying abroad essay samples and research titles ‍‍‍‍for scholarship papers.

🏆 Best Studying Abroad Essay Examples

• Why Studying Abroad Results in Better Education For most people, especially in developing nations, the only way to gain an education that will satisfy the demands of the international job market is by studying abroad.
• Should Students Study Abroad? Studying abroad offers students an opportunity to travel to new countries and have new experiences that expand their perceptions of the world.
• Specifics of Studying Abroad The purpose of this paper is to discuss the most common benefits and drawbacks, as well as overall outcomes that are related to studying abroad and to recommend the ways to handle the drawbacks.
• Challenges of Studying Abroad A closer look at the information provided by the majority of the companies specializing in student transfer and the related services will reveal that a range of essential data, especially the information concerning the financial […]
• Declining Direct Public Support for Higher Education in USA Partisanship interest in the debate for renewal of the Higher Education Act and a Senate inquiry to validate the governance of the non-profit economic sectors of the United States has demonstrated the complexity of public […]
• The Social Role of Higher Education in UK In addition to this, higher education provides a set of values that changes the students to face the existing and the future problems facing the society and the various sectors of work that they operate […]
• International Education in Australia China is a good market for Australian education and in the year 2010 a sum of 284700 students from China left the country to further their studies most of them on their own expenses.
• The Criteria and Benefits That Allow Students to Work Abroad The most direct experience that a person gets while studying abroad is the understanding of the business world and economics. There is no doubt that the environments and culture of a country are the major […]
• Education in Australia as a Tool of Promoting Equality of Opportunity The main objective of vocational education and training is to promote the people, the society, and the economy and to upgrade the labor market.
• A Benefits of Education Abroad One of the qualitative aspects of the educational reality in today’s world is the fact that, as time goes on, the number of students who decide in favor of studying abroad increases rather exponentially.

📌 Research Titles about Studying Abroad

• Do Study Abroad Programs Enhance the Employability of Graduates
• The Effect Of Study Abroad On Studying Abroad
• Culture and Study Abroad and Some Drawbacks
• How Does Study Abroad Affect A Student ‘s View Of Professional
• Analysis Of Some Of The Benefits Of Study Abroad
• Do People Who Study Abroad Become More Successful
• Increasing Number Of Worldwide People Go Study Abroad
• The Lowering Ages of Students Who Study Abroad
• Colleges Should Make It Mandatory: For Students To Study Abroad For Specific Major’s
• Should Students Spend Lots Of Money For Study Abroad

🗺 Study Abroad Topics to Write about

• The Cultural Shock That Students Face When They Study Abroad
• Advantages and Dis Advantages of Further Study Abroad
• Interlanguage Pragmatic Competence in the Study Abroad
• The Study Abroad Trip On Australia
• History Of Study Abroad And Exchange Programs
• An Analysis of Many Students Wishing to Study Abroad
• Most Study Abroad Program Should Be Rename Party Abroad They Are Waste of Time
• Why College Students Should Study Abroad
• Analysis Of Michelle Obama ‘s Reasons For Study Abroad
• Study Abroad Is Beneficial For All College Students
• The Journey of Traveling and The Study Abroad
• Analysis: Why Student Chose to Study Abroad
• The Benefits of Choosing to Study Abroad
• How Is Studying Abroad Helps Improve Language Skills?
• Which Country Are More Successful for Studying Abroad?
• Is Studying Abroad a Good Idea?
• Does Studying Abroad Induce a Brain Drain?
• Why Is Studying Abroad Beneficial?
• How Is the Studying Abroad Effects Learning About Different Cultures?
• What Are the Cons of Studying Abroad?
• Is Studying Abroad a Waste of Time?
• Does Studying Abroad Enhance Employability?
• What Are the Positive and Negative Influences of Studying Abroad?
• How Capital Accumulation Through Studying Abroad and Return Migration?
• Which Country Is Best for Studying Abroad?
• What Is Culture Shock When Studying Abroad?
• What Is the Impact of Studying Abroad on Global Awareness?
• What Are the Disadvantages of Studying Abroad?
• Which Country Is Cheapest for Studying Abroad?
• Is Studying Abroad Expensive?
• What Are Important Reasons for Studying Abroad?
• Is It Difficult to Studying Abroad?
• What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Studying Abroad?
• Which Country Is Hard for Studying Abroad In?
• What Is the Impact of Studying Abroad?
• What Are the Effects of Studying Abroad on College Students?
• What Are Main Hardships While Studying Abroad?
• Is It Better to Studying Abroad or Locally?
• Does Studying Abroad Help Academic Achievement?
• Does Studying Abroad Cause International Labor Mobility?
• What Are the Differences Between Studying Locally and Studying Abroad?
• Do Students Who Studying Abroad Achieve Tremendous Success?
• What Are the Pros and Cons of Studying Abroad?
• Motivation Research Ideas
• Brain-Based Learning Essay Titles
• Academic Dishonesty Research Ideas
• Machine Learning Ideas
• Listening Skills Essay Ideas
• Problem Solving Essay Ideas
• School Uniforms Topics
• Stress Titles
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2023, October 26). 63 Study Abroad Essay Examples & Topics. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/study-abroad-essay-examples/

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What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Studying Abroad- IELTS Writing Task 2

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Updated On Aug 01, 2024

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The article provides essay structures, sample answers for Band 7, 8, and 9, key vocabulary on IELTS Writing Task 2 topic on the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad.

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Achieving proficiency in the IELTS Writing Task 2 poses a difficulty for numerous test-takers as it assesses your ability to write a well-structured and cohesive essay in response to a given topic. Hence, it is essential to enhance your essay writing abilities before undertaking the IELTS to ensure success.'

'Advantages and Disadvantages of Studying Abroad' is an Advantages and Disadvantages essay that assesses a writer’s ability to evaluate both the positive and negative aspects of a particular issue. To effectively prepare for the IELTS Writing Task 2, it is highly recommended to practice with a variety of sample essays. IELTSMaterial.com offers a comprehensive collection of IELTS Writing practice tests that can help you hone your essay writing skills and achieve a high score in the exam.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. What are the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. You should write at least 250 words.

Structure Breakdown

Band 7 Sample Answer for Advantages and Disadvantages of Studying Abroad – Writing Task 2

Introduction:

Studying abroad has become much more prevalent in this current day and age than it was before. Today, nearly every student considers studying abroad for higher education, especially for their Master’s degree. Since travelling to a foreign country has become relatively straightforward, people are availing themselves of the best of opportunities. However, there are both pros and cons to studying abroad, making it a challenging decision to take. In the following paragraphs, I will go through the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad.

Body Paragraph 1:

The present-day economy is known to be competitive and demanding. Today, if an individual is not decorated with impressive degrees and accolades, they are bound to miss out on various profitable opportunities. Amidst such relentless competition, an individual will inevitably choose to be educated at a reputable academic institution. Since the quality of education is often not superlative in developing countries, people from such nations tend to move abroad for better alternatives. Also, the amount of time a student spends studying abroad and adapting to the foreign environment significantly increases their interpersonal skills and facilitates their overall development.

Body Paragraph 2:

On the contrary, there are numerous limitations to choosing a foreign university for higher education. First and foremost, we must acknowledge that studying and living abroad is an exceedingly costly affair. Most students have to give up on their ambition of studying abroad due to financial hindrances. Moreover, staying away from one’s family and native place is an onerous ordeal. There are also several cases of discrimination and social exclusion against non-native students, which makes it difficult for such individuals to adopt the lifestyle of the host country.

Conclusion:

Finally, I would like to end by saying that, like any other course of action, studying abroad has both benefits and drawbacks. It is upon the individual who needs to weigh their options and make a prudent decision.

Band 7 Vocabulary

Now check out some relevant vocabulary used in the above Band 7 IELTS Writing Task 2 sample essay on advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad.

Meaning: widespread in a particular area or at a particular time.

Example: There are many social obstacles still prevalent in today’s society.

• Challenging

Meaning: testing one’s abilities; demanding.

Example : The journey was lengthy and challenging.

Meaning: make (something) look more attractive by adding extra items or images to it.

Example: The building was decorated with lights during Diwali.

Meaning: an award or privilege granted as a special honour or as an acknowledgement of merit.

Example: The army officer was presented with numerous accolades.

Meaning: unceasingly intense.

Example: His relentless efforts finally resulted in his success.

• Superlative

Meaning: of the highest quality or degree.

Example : She possessed a superlative skill in dancing.

• Exceedingly

Meaning: extremely.

Example: The Taj Mahal is an exceedingly beautiful monument.

Meaning: a thing that provides resistance, delay, or obstruction to something or someone.

Example: There were many hindrances during the execution of the plan.

Meaning: (of a task or responsibility) involving a great deal of effort, trouble, or difficulty.

Example: The duty of raising a child is an onerous task.

Meaning: acting with or showing care and thought for the future.

Example: He made a prudent decision in the end.

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Band 8 Sample Answer for Advantages and Disadvantages of Studying Abroad – Writing Task 2

Studying abroad has become increasingly popular in recent years, with students from all over the world opting to pursue their higher education in foreign countries. There are many advantages to studying abroad, including a better learning experience, international exposure, and enhanced employment opportunities. However, there are also some disadvantages to consider, such as the high cost of living and education, the challenges of adapting to a new culture, and the potential for homesickness.

One of the biggest advantages of studying abroad is that it provides students with a better learning experience. Foreign universities often offer more specialized programs and cutting-edge research facilities than their domestic counterparts. Additionally, students are able to learn from world-renowned professors and interact with classmates from diverse backgrounds. This can lead to a more well-rounded education and a deeper understanding of the world.

For example, students who study engineering at a top university in Germany may have access to state-of-the-art laboratories and equipment, as well as the opportunity to work on research projects with leading experts in the field. Similarly, students who study business at a prestigious university in the United States may have the chance to learn from experienced entrepreneurs and business leaders.

Another advantage of studying abroad is that it exposes students to new cultures and perspectives. This can help them to become more open-minded and tolerant individuals. It can also give them a competitive edge in the global job market, as employers increasingly value candidates with international experience.

For example, a student who studies abroad in Japan may learn about Japanese culture and values, such as the importance of hard work and respect for elders. This knowledge can be invaluable when applying for jobs in Japanese companies. Similarly, a student who studies abroad in France may learn about French business culture and etiquette. This can be helpful when working with French clients or colleagues.

Body Paragraph 3:

Finally, studying abroad can enhance students’ employment opportunities. Many employers are looking for candidates with international experience and intercultural skills. Students who have studied abroad can demonstrate these skills through their resumes, cover letters, and job interviews.

For example, a student who has studied abroad in China may have the opportunity to work for a Chinese multinational company. A student who has studied abroad in India may be able to land a job in a tech company in Bangalore. In both cases, the student’s international experience will give them an advantage over other candidates.

Overall, the advantages of studying abroad outweigh the disadvantages. While the cost of studying abroad can be high, there are many scholarships and financial aid options available. Additionally, the challenges of adapting to a new culture can be overcome with careful planning and preparation. For students who are willing to put in the effort, studying abroad can be a life-changing experience.

Band 8 Vocabulary

Have a look at the IELTS Vocabulary for Band 8 sample answer on 'Advantages and Disadvantages of Studying Abroad'.

• Opting (verb)

Meaning: choosing, selecting.

Example : Students from various countries are opting to study abroad for a more comprehensive educational experience.

• Cutting-edge (adjective)

Meaning: innovative, advanced.

Example : Foreign universities often provide students with access to cutting-edge technology and research facilities.

• Well-rounded (adjective)

Meaning: comprehensive, balanced.

Example : Interacting with diverse classmates contributes to a student’s well-rounded educational experience.

• Invaluable (adjective)

Meaning: extremely useful or valuable.

Example : The knowledge of local culture and customs can be invaluable for students seeking employment in foreign countries.

• Etiquette (noun)

Meaning : the customary code of polite behavior in society or among members of a particular profession or group.

Example : Understanding French business etiquette can be crucial for effective communication in a professional setting.

• Overcome (verb)

Meaning: succeed in dealing with a problem or difficulty.

Example : With proper preparation, students can overcome the challenges of adjusting to a new culture.

• Comprehensive (adjective)

Meaning: complete, including all or nearly all elements or aspects of something.

Example : The comprehensive educational experience provided by foreign universities benefits students in various ways.

• Multinational (adjective)

Meaning: involving or operating in several nations or countries.

Example : Students with international experience have an edge when applying to multinational companies.

• Tolerant (adjective)

Meaning: showing willingness to allow the existence of opinions or behaviors that one does not necessarily agree with.

Example : Exposure to different cultures fosters a tolerant attitude among students studying abroad.

• Life-changing (adjective)

Meaning: having such a strong effect that it changes one’s life.

Example : For many students, the experience of studying abroad is truly life-changing, shaping their perspectives and future opportunities.

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Band 9 Sample Answer for Advantages and Disadvantages of Studying Abroad – Writing Task 2

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The landscape of international education has expanded significantly, attracting a growing number of students pursuing higher degrees abroad. While studying abroad offers diverse cultural exposure and personal development, it comes with financial and socio-cultural challenges. This essay contends that the advantages, such as enhanced career prospects and personal growth, are balanced by significant disadvantages, including financial burdens and potential difficulties in adapting to new environments.

One major advantage of studying abroad is the unparalleled exposure to superior educational opportunities. As competition intensifies globally, students seek admission to prestigious institutions, aiming for degrees from renowned universities. This exposure not only broadens their academic horizons but also positions them for better career opportunities. For instance, students often lack access to state-of-the-art facilities in their home countries, compelling them to explore education abroad.

Conversely, a noteworthy disadvantage is the financial strain associated with studying overseas. The costs involved, encompassing tuition fees and travel expenditures, pose a significant barrier for many students. Consequently, dreams and aspirations may be surrendered due to the inability to manage these expenses. The financial burden extends to the challenges of relocating far from home, creating additional hurdles for those unfamiliar with such separation.

In conclusion, the decision to study abroad entails a careful consideration of its advantages and disadvantages. While the exposure to diverse cultures and superior education is advantageous, the financial and socio-cultural challenges cannot be overlooked. Prospective students must weigh these factors diligently to make informed decisions aligned with their academic and personal goals. Ultimately, the benefits and drawbacks are intrinsic to the pursuit of international education, demanding thoughtful reflection before embarking on this transformative journey.

Band 9 Vocabulary

Use the following Band 9 vocabulary while writing your essay on 'Advantages and Disadvantages of Studying Abroad' and improve your IELTS band score .

• Consequential (adjective):

Meaning: Resulting from or having important consequences.

Example : The decision to study abroad is consequential, impacting both academic and personal aspects of a student’s life.

• Landscape (noun):

Meaning : The overall look or view of a particular subject or situation.

Example : The educational landscape has evolved, with more students considering international studies.

• Prestigious (adjective):

Meaning: Having a high reputation or honor.

Example : Students aspire to gain admission to prestigious institutions for a quality education.

• Horizons (noun):

Meaning: The range of one’s knowledge, experience, or interest.

Example : Studying abroad broadens students’ academic horizons, exposing them to diverse subjects and cultures.

• Intrinsic (adjective):

Meaning: Belonging naturally; essential.

Example : The benefits and drawbacks are intrinsic to the pursuit of international education.

• Conducive (adjective):

Meaning : Making a certain situation or outcome likely or possible.

Example : The exposure to diverse cultures is conducive to personal development.

• Diligently (adverb):

Meaning: With careful and conscientious effort.

Example : Prospective students must diligently weigh the advantages and disadvantages before deciding to study abroad.

• Encompass (verb):

Meaning: To include or contain something.

Example : The costs of studying abroad encompass tuition fees, travel expenses, and living costs.

• Harbor (verb):

Meaning: To shelter or provide a home for.

Example : Students may harbor concerns about adapting to new environments when studying abroad.

• Reiterate (verb):

Meaning : To say or do something again, usually for emphasis.

Example : In the conclusion, the essay reiterates the importance of weighing the advantages and disadvantages before making a decision.

Connectors Used in the Above Sample Answers

Connectors, also known as connectives or transition words, are words or phrases that link ideas or parts of a sentence or paragraph together. Here are some of the connectors/linking words for writing used in the above sample answers:

• For instance
• Consequently
• In conclusion
• For example

Now that you have gone through the sample answers on the topic – Advantages and Disadvantages of Studying Abroad – it is time for you to try writing on your own. For that, leave your answers as a comment below or you can use our Free IELTS Writing Essay Evaluation and Correction Service !

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Soon after graduating with a Master’s in Literature from Southern Arkansas University, she joined an institute as an English language trainer. She has had innumerous student interactions and has produced a couple of research papers on English language teaching. She soon found that non-native speakers struggled to meet the English language requirements set by foreign universities. It was when she decided to jump ship into IELTS training. From then on, she has been mentoring IELTS aspirants. She joined IELTSMaterial about a year ago, and her contributions have been exceptional. Her essay ideas and vocabulary have taken many students to a band 9.

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Studying abroad is poised to make a post-pandemic comeback – here are 5 questions students who plan to study overseas should ask

Associate Vice Provost for International Education, University of Maryland, Baltimore County

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David L. Di Maria does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

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Before the pandemic struck in 2020, the number of U.S. students studying abroad had been pretty much rising steadily each year.

Whereas more than 154,000 students from the U.S. participated in study abroad programs during the 2000-2001 academic year, that number more than doubled – to over 347,000 – during the 2018-2019 academic year. That’s according to the Institute of International Education .

The global spread of COVID-19 , however, brought the steady growth in study abroad to a screeching halt in early 2020. Students were evacuated from host countries and study abroad programs got canceled . Lockdowns and travel restrictions led the number of U.S. students studying abroad during the 2020-2021 academic year to plummet by 91% to just 14,549.

While official study abroad numbers for 2021-2022 are not yet published, there is reason to expect a rebound. A national survey conducted in April 2022 revealed that roughly 90% of colleges and universities were planning to offer some form of study abroad by the summer of that year.

As a university administrator who specializes in international education , I believe the number of students studying abroad will continue to rise. I see that as a positive development given the research that shows studying abroad supports academic success , promotes career readiness and prepares students to interact with people from other cultures . Moreover, increasing the number of U.S. students studying abroad supports U.S. foreign policy goals that rely on people-to-people exchanges and public diplomacy .

However, as studying abroad makes its comeback, much has changed with how study abroad programs operate. Below are five questions to ask when planning to study abroad in a post-pandemic world.

1. What is the Plan B in case my program gets disrupted?

In 2020, as students were recalled to the U.S. by their home institutions, a key concern was how students could remain on track for their degrees without losing both time and money due to the cancellations – which stemmed from reasons beyond their own control.

An important question for students to ask is how study abroad programs would ensure that they can continue their studies in case of a disruption, whether it’s caused by rare events, such as a pandemic or international conflict, but also more routine matters, such as a national strike.

2. Do I need extra insurance?

Students should not assume that their regular U.S. health insurance will provide the level of coverage needed while abroad. In fact, the cost of a medical evacuation can run as high as US$250,000.

Most study abroad programs offer, and many require, participants to enroll in an affordable international travel insurance policy. In addition to paying for medical expenses, benefits may include coverage for costs associated with trip cancellation, required periods of quarantine, and emergency evacuations. Additionally, the policy may provide non-insurance travel assistance services, such as helping to replace lost or stolen documents. Students should ask about the availability of these policies and know what is covered.

3. What are the host country restrictions?

At the height of the pandemic, countries’ COVID-19 policies ranged from status quo to complete lockdown. In some instances, travelers could be fined or jailed for failing to follow local restrictions. The U.S. Department of State created a web page with information on the COVID-19 restrictions of each country. While most countries have dialed back restrictions, it is still very important to review this information because these policies can affect a student’s ability to travel and participate in certain activities once they are abroad.

4. What are the latest travel risks?

While the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides data on traveling in the era of COVID-19, including risk ratings and vaccination recommendations by country, it is also important to understand how the pandemic may have influenced other risks , such as by contributing to political tensions and applying pressure to already fragile health care systems .

Students should review the country-specific information published by the State Department, as well as register for real-time updates from the local U.S. embassy. Additionally, students should inquire about other resources, such as in-country staff available to assist with emergencies, who may be available to support program participants once they are abroad.

5. What scholarships can help cover the cost?

Because study abroad programs were mostly paused for the past few years, the scholarship funds that colleges have dedicated to these programs may have been left largely untouched. Fund balances could be higher now and there may be a possibility to obtain a larger award than in years past. Students should inquire with their college’s study abroad and financial aid offices about scholarship opportunities. Such funding can vary greatly by program duration, location and other factors, so students should be flexible with their plans to receive the maximum award.

Whether or not their college offers generous scholarships for study abroad, students should also consider applying for external funding. The Fund for Education Abroad, an organization committed to increasing the number of underrepresented students studying abroad, maintains a listing of more than 20 dedicated scholarships. Additionally, the State Department compiles information on applying for study abroad programs and scholarships supported by the U.S. government . Some of these programs and scholarships are designed to lead to a federal job. The department also keeps a list of various scholarships from foreign governments .

• US higher education
• International education
• Study abroad
• International travel
• Higher ed attainment
• COVID-19 pandemic

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