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President Biden has had a deep personal interest in cancer research since his son Beau died of an aggressive brain cancer in 2015.
President biden said eight research centers would receive research awards aimed at pioneering new methods of precision cancer surgery as part of his administration’s cancer “moonshoot” initiative..
As all of you know, cancer surgery is an incredibly challenging procedure. It takes the best surgeons in the world, and it takes its toll on families. As Jill and I — as Jill says, it steals time. It steals away hope. Our family knows the feeling, as many here do. Today, we’re announcing $150 million ARPA-H funding for some of the nation’s cutting-edge cancer research institutions. That includes, right here, Tulane University. [cheers] And we’re moving quickly because we know all families touched by cancers are in a race against time. It’s all part of our goal, of our cancer “moonshot,” to end cancer as we know it. Even cure some cancers. We’re mobilizing the whole of country effort to cut American cancer deaths in half by — within 25 years, and boost support for patients and their families. I’m confident in our capacity to do that.
By Zach Montague
Reporting from New Orleans
Freed from the campaign trail and the grinding pursuit of another term, President Biden traveled to New Orleans on Tuesday to focus on a project close to his heart: the “moonshot” effort to sharply cut cancer deaths in the United States that he carried over from his time as vice president and has become a hallmark of his presidency.
Speaking at Tulane University, Mr. Biden and the first lady, Jill Biden, announced eight research centers, including one at Tulane, that will collectively receive $150 million in research awards aimed at pioneering new methods of precision cancer surgery.
Before addressing a crowd on campus, the president and the first lady met with a team of researchers who demonstrated the technology under development at Tulane. It uses imaging of cells on tumor sites to verify for surgeons that cancer cells have been fully removed and to reduce the need for follow-up surgeries.
Standing in front of a sign reading “curing cancer faster,” Mr. Biden described touring cancer centers in Australia and Ireland, and being frustrated by a lack of international collaboration.
“We don’t want to keep information — we want to share it,” he said.
The awards announced on Tuesday are to be made through the Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health , or ARPA-H, which was founded in 2022 and is aimed at driving biomedical innovation.
The other award recipients were Dartmouth College; Johns Hopkins University; Rice University; the University of California, San Francisco; the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; the University of Washington; and Cision Vision in Mountain View, Calif.
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August 20, 2024
This article has been reviewed according to Science X's editorial process and policies . Editors have highlighted the following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility:
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by Crime and Justice Research Alliance
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) significantly affect lifelong health and well-being. Despite extensive research on the topic, a wide-reaching understanding of ACEs' multifaceted impacts remains unrealized. In a new study, researchers have synthesized evidence from nearly 100 meta-analyses to provide a comprehensive view of ACEs' effects. They found significant differences in effect sizes depending on studies' approach, suggesting a critical need for a broad range of approaches to understand, prevent, and reduce the effects of ACEs.
The study, by researchers at Sam Houston State University (SHSU), appears in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry .
"The impacts of ACEs are heterogeneous and influenced by the type of adverse experience and the specific outcomes considered," according to Bitna Kim, professor of criminology and criminal justice at SHSU, who led the study. "Our findings highlight the complexity and varied nature of ACEs' influence on individual development and societal well-being, which has practical implications for public health and welfare."
ACEs encompass a spectrum of potentially traumatic events encountered from birth until age 17 as delineated by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, such as abuse, witnessing violence, and growing up in a family with mental health problems . Their overall prevalence is high, with about two in every five adults globally having experienced at least one ACE.
In the United States, more than 60% of adults have at least one ACE, with almost 17% enduring multiple ACEs. As a result, total annual costs attributable to ACEs in North America is estimated to be $748 billion, underscoring the financial burden on health and economic outcomes.
The field of research on ACEs is evolving rapidly, with hundreds of studies on diverse approaches to conceptualizing ACEs and their effects. In this context, maintaining a clear overview of the evidence has become increasingly challenging.
In this study, researchers used an umbrella synthesis method to integrate findings from 99 meta-analyses involving nearly 600 effect sizes. The study examined ACEs through four prevalent approaches: specificity (which examines the unique effects of individual adversities), lumping (which groups various adversities together), dimensional (which distinguishes between adversities while considering overarching dimensions), and child maltreatment-centric (which views abuse and neglect as interconnected elements).
Researchers assessed the impact of ACEs across six domains: biological system dysregulation, neuropsychological impairments, physical health complications, mental health conditions, social and behavioral challenges, and criminal justice involvement. Among the study's findings:
The study's findings underscore the heterogeneity in ACEs' impacts, influenced by the type of ACE and specific outcomes considered. They also highlight the necessity for comprehensive approaches to understanding, preventing, and reducing the effects of ACEs.
"The insights we gleaned from our review highlight the pressing need for a shift in approach, moving beyond generic intervention models toward more sophisticated, coordinated, and multidisciplinary strategies that acknowledge the multifaceted nature of ACEs and their diverse impacts across different domains," says Meghan Royle, a doctoral student in criminology and criminal justice at SHSU, who co-authored the study.
"This requires a thorough reevaluation of current intervention strategies and policy frameworks to ensure they take into account the specific interactions between different ACEs and their varied developmental impacts."
For example, implementing ACE-informed practices across various settings should be paramount, so that individuals affected by ACEs receive consistent support in such settings as educational institutions, health care facilities , social care settings, and the criminal justice system. Prevention strategies are equally if not more important to alleviate the immediate impacts of ACEs and deter the long-term, complex challenges they present.
Among the study's limitations, the authors point out the difficulty of synthesizing the potential impact of research design on the effect sizes of the relationship between ACE approaches and outcomes. Given the methodological challenges, the authors propose a future ACE umbrella review agenda that addresses, among other foci, protective factors that shield children from the detrimental effects of adversity (e.g., stable and supportive relationships, resilience skills, positive school and community environments).
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August 19, 2024
By Rhea Hebert
For the past year, we’ve been celebrating an important milestone. In September 2023, CHER marked ten years since its founding.
We’ve seen a lot of change in that time. Our team has grown. We’ve worked with lots of different communities. We’ve deepened partnerships. We’ve started new partnerships.
Now, we’re preparing for our next ten years. As part of our preparation, CHER leadership and staff began reviewing updates to the center mission, vision and values. We started this work in October 2023 through a series of meetings and gatherings.
We gathered feedback across the center to reflect on the changes and where we want to go. Over 40 members across CHER were involved in this process.
The work to update the mission, vision and values sets the foundation for our next five years. CHER is developing specific goals, objectives and implementation plans for this five-year period. We will continue to co-create and share out as we progress.
We’re pleased to share updated mission, vision, value and inclusive research statements.
We look forward to continuing to work in community to help build healthy communities for all.
Our mission is to authentically partner with communities for innovative health equity research, practice and education.
Our vision is to be a transformative leader ensuring care systems advance health for all.
Our strategic values are the core principles that guide CHER’s decision-making and actions.
Our operational values are core principles that guide CHER’s organizational culture and identity, team interactions and sense of purpose in day-to-day functions and activities.
Everyone, regardless of what they look like, where they live, how much they earn or who they love, deserves to live in a community that gives them the opportunity to make healthy choices. Healthy communities have people, families, jobs and spaces that keep them well.
We bring together the expertise of communities and researchers to understand what people need to thrive where they are. Our community-researcher teams collect data and learn about what’s working well and what’s getting in the way of health and thriving. Together we develop and promote solutions that create opportunities for healthy choices. This is how our work with communities advances health for everyone.
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The proverbial "sugar high" that follows the ingestion of a sweet treat is a familiar example of the potentially positive effects of food on mood.
On the flip side, feeling "hangry" -- the phenomenon where hunger manifests in the form of anger or irritability -- illustrates how what we eat, or don't eat, can also provoke negative emotions. Advertisement
The latest research suggests that blood sugar fluctuations are partly responsible for the connection between what we eat and how we feel. Through its effects on our hormones and our nervous system , blood sugar levels can be fuel for anxiety and depression .
Mental health is complex. There are countless social, psychological and biological factors that ultimately determine any one person's experience. However, numerous randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that diet is one biological factor that can significantly influence risk for symptoms of depression and anxiety, especially in women. Advertisement
As a family medicine resident with a Ph.D. in nutrition , I have witnessed the fact that antidepressant medications work for some patients but not others. Thus, in my view, mental health treatment strategies should target every risk factor, including nutrition.
The role of the glycemic index
Many of the randomized controlled trials that have proven the link between diet and mental health have tested the Mediterranean diet or a slightly modified version of it . The Mediterranean diet is typically characterized by lots of vegetables -- especially dark green, leafy vegetables -- fruit, olive oil, whole grains, legumes and nuts, with small amounts of fish, meat and dairy products. One of the many attributes of the Mediterranean diet that may be responsible for its effect on mood is its low glycemic index .
The glycemic index is a system that ranks foods and diets according to their potential to raise blood sugar. Thus, in keeping with the observation that blood sugar fluctuations affect mood, high glycemic index diets that produce drastic spikes in blood sugar have been associated with increased risk for depression and to some extent anxiety.
High glycemic index carbohydrates include white rice, white bread, crackers and baked goods. Therefore, diets high in these foods may increase risk for depression and anxiety. Meanwhile, low glycemic index carbs, such as parboiled rice and al dente pasta, that are more slowly absorbed and produce a smaller blood sugar spike are associated with decreased risk. Advertisement
How diet affects mood
Many scientific mechanisms have been proposed to explain the connection between diet and mental health. One plausible explanation that links blood sugar fluctuations with mood is its effect on our hormones.
Every time we eat sugar or carbohydrates such as bread, rice, pasta, potatoes and crackers, the resulting rise in blood sugar triggers a cascade of hormones and signaling molecules. One example, dopamine -- our brain's pleasure signal -- is the reason we can experience a "sugar high" following the consumption of dessert or baked goods. Dopamine is the body's way of rewarding us for procuring the calories, or energy, that are necessary for survival.
Insulin is another hormone triggered by carbohydrates and sugar. Insulin's job is to lower blood sugar levels by escorting the ingested sugar into our cells and tissues so that it can be used for energy. However, when we eat too much sugar, too many carbs, or high glycemic index carbs, the rapid increase in blood sugar prompts a drastic rise in insulin . This can result in blood sugar levels that dip below where they started.
This dip in blood sugar sparks the release of adrenaline and its cousin noradrenaline . Both of these hormones appropriately send glucose into the bloodstream to restore blood sugar to the appropriate level. Advertisement
However, adrenaline influences more than just blood sugar levels. It also affects how we feel, and its release can manifest as anxiety, fear or aggression . Hence, diet affects mood through its effect on blood sugar levels, which trigger the hormones that dictate how we feel.
Interestingly, the rise in adrenaline that follows sugar and carbohydrate consumption doesn't happen until four to five hours after eating . Thus, when eating sugar and carbs, dopamine makes us feel good in the short term; but in the long term, adrenaline can make us feel bad.
However, not everyone is equally affected. Identical meals can produce widely varying blood sugar responses in different people, depending on one's sex , as well as genetics , sedentariness and the gut microbiome .
And it's important to keep in mind that, as previously mentioned, mental health is complicated. So in certain circumstances, no amount of dietary optimization will overcome the social and psychological factors that may underpin one's experience.
Nevertheless, a poor diet could certainly make a person's experience worse and is thus relevant for anyone, especially women, hoping to optimize mental health. Research has shown that women, in particular, are more sensitive to the effects of the glycemic index and diet overall . Advertisement
Unfortunately, simple solutions, such as swapping sugar for artificial sweeteners , are not an option. Research has shown that among all processed foods, artificial sweeteners and artificially sweetened beverages are most strongly associated with depression.
Optimizing mood with food
The most obvious way to stabilize blood sugar levels is to decrease sugar and carbohydrate intake . However, this is not the only way. Research has proven that simple changes can drastically mitigate volatile blood sugar fluctuations. Some strategies to stabilize blood sugar and optimize mood include:
Make low glycemic index carbohydrates such as parboiled rice, whole grain bread and al dente pasta dietary staples and be mindful of how many high glycemic index carbohydrates you consume. I give my patients this guide to increase their awareness of the glycemic index of various carbohydrates.
Eat carbohydrates earlier in the day such as breakfast or lunchtime, as opposed to later in the day, like dinner or, worse yet, as a nighttime snack. Our hormones follow a circadian rhythm, and carbs eaten earlier in the day produce a smaller blood sugar spike compared with carbs eaten later in the day.
Avoid eating carbohydrates on their own, such as snacking on a box of crackers or downing a bowl of rice. Always strive to combine carbohydrates with proteins such as beans, nuts, meat and fish, or with healthy fats such as olive oil and avocado. The combination of nutrients slows down the digestion of carbohydrates and thereby produces a smaller blood sugar spike. Advertisement
Eat carbohydrates at the end of the meal, after eating vegetables and protein first. Just changing the order in which foods are eaten can drastically lower the blood sugar spike that comes after .
Mary Scourboutakos is a family medicine resident and nutrition expert at Eastern Virginia Medical School .
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article .
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The awards announced on Tuesday are to be made through the Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health, or ARPA-H, which was founded in 2022 and is aimed at driving biomedical innovation.
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Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) significantly affect lifelong health and well-being. Despite extensive research on the topic, a wide-reaching understanding of ACEs' multifaceted impacts ...
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The first time we tried the system, he cried with joy as the words he was trying to say correctly appeared on-screen. We all did." — neuroscientist Sergey Stavisky "At this point, we can decode what Casey is trying to say correctly about 97% of the time, which is better than many commercially available smartphone applications that try to interpret a person's voice," Brandman said.
Thus, when eating sugar and carbs, dopamine makes us feel good in the short term; but in the long term, adrenaline can make us feel bad. ... hoping to optimize mental health. Research has shown ...