The Dialectics of Political Godfatherism in Nigeria, 1999–2019

  • First Online: 28 January 2022

Cite this chapter

literature review on godfatherism pdf

  • Al Chukwuma Okoli 5  

121 Accesses

1 Citations

Godfatherism is a pattern of clientelistic partisan relations whereby a neophyte politician rides on the patronage of a much more established one onto elective or appointive position. It is a dominant attribute of party politics in Nigeria, where it has been associated with sundry abuses and excesses over the years. This chapter examines the phenomenon of political godfatherism in Nigeria with a view to situating its material basis and contradictory essence. By means of a qualitative analysis of secondary sources, anchored on the Marxian Political Economy approach, this chapter posits that much as political godfatherism is symptomatic of elite’s opportunism and prebendalism in party politics, it equally highlights a primordial political culture that patronizes non(in)formal political structures rather than established civic rules and procedures. This problem has been evidenced by functional weaknesses of political parties wherein stalwarts capitalize on their near-absolute stake in that context to corner party affairs in service of self-aggrandizing ends. This chapter also argues that political godfatherism is scarcely sustainable, owing to its ineluctably contradictory essence. The contradictions of such practice have often found expression in tension between political godfathers and their godsons, often leading to instability and governance failure. This chapter recommends urgent de-prebendalization of state power as well as reformation of party politics in Nigeria in order to vitiate the untoward influence of money and materialism in that regard.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

literature review on godfatherism pdf

Restructuring, Political Gimmicks and Elite Manipulation in Nigeria

literature review on godfatherism pdf

The Political Activity of the Liberals in Siberia and the Russian Far East After October 1917

literature review on godfatherism pdf

Populist pragmatism: the nationalisation of local government strategies by the Rassemblement National

Ake, C. (1981). A political economy of Africa . Longman.

Google Scholar  

Albert, I. O. (2005). ‘Explaining ‘godfatherism’ in Nigerian politics’. African . The Sociological Review, 9 (2), 79–105.

Dobb, M. (1963). Studies in development in capitalism . International Publishers.

Ekekwe, E. (1986). Class and state in Nigeria . Longman.

Ezeani, E. O. (2004). Privatization and labour in Africa. Journal of Political and Administrative Studies (AJPAS), 1 (1).

Joseph, R. (1991). Democracy and PrebendalPolitics in Nigeria: The rise and fall of the Second Republic . Spectrum Books.

Marx, K. (1980). Preface to a contribution to the critique of political economy. In K. Marx & F. Engels (Eds.), Selected works in one volume . Lawrence and Wishort.

Marx, K., & Engels, F. (1948). The communist manifesto . International Publishers.

Nnamani, C. (2003). The godfather phenomenon in democratic Nigeria: Silicon or real? The Source , 5–6.

Oguntola-Laguda, D. (2004). Traditional religion and godfstherism in Nigerian political culture: A case study of the Yoruba. ESSENCE: International Journal of Philosophy, 191 , 43–51.

Okoli, A. C. (2001). The political economy of intra-party opposition in Anambra State (1999–2001) . B.Sc. Project, Department of Political Science, NnamdiAzikiwe University, Awka.

Okoli, A. C. (2007). Godfatherism and political crisis on Nigeria (1999–2006): A study of Anambra State . M.Sc. Dissertation, Department of Political Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.

Okoli, A. C. (2008). Political godfatherism in Nigeria: Benevolent or malevolent? Journal of Social and Policy Issues, 5 (2), 25–32.

Okoli, A. C. (2009). The problematique of political godfatherism in Nigeria: Theoretical inquiry. NASHER Journal, 7 (1), 173–179.

Okoli, A. C., & Atelhe, G. A. (2008). Trends and patterns of prebendal politics in Anambra state (1999-2006) . Zaria Journal of Social Sciences, 1 (1), 226–240.

Okoli, A. C., & Orinya, S. (2014). Political opportunism and crisis of governance in Nigeria: Implications for statecraft and development. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 3 (7), 1477–1487.

Okoli, A. C., & Otegwu, I. O. (2010). Godfatherism and political crisis in Nigeria, 1999-2006. Journal of Democratic Studies, 2 , 78–93.

Okoye, I. C. (1999). Participation in politics in Nigeria . Big Ben Printing and Publishing.

Osayi, F. O. (2015). Repressive democracy: The monstrous role of godfatherism in Nigeria. International Journal of Politics and Good Governance, 6 (2), 1–25.

Scott, J. C. (1972). Patron-client politics and political change in Southeast Asia. American Political Science Review, 66 , 92.

Article   Google Scholar  

Trucker, R. (1996). The Marxian revolutionary idea . WW Norton.

Williams, I. (2004). Citizenship, godfatherism and democracy. ESSENCE: International Journal of Philosophy, 1 (1), 158–182.

Wilmot, P. (1985). Sociology: A new introduction . Collins International.

Download references

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

Department of Political Science, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nigeria

Al Chukwuma Okoli

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and affiliations.

Department of Political Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

Okechukwu Ibeanu

Department of Political Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

Israel 'Kelue Okoye

Department of Political Science, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam, Nigeria

Ikenna Mike Alumona

Department of Political Science, Federal University, Otuoke, Nigeria

Ernest Toochi Aniche

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Okoli, A.C. (2022). The Dialectics of Political Godfatherism in Nigeria, 1999–2019. In: Ibeanu, O., Okoye, I.'., Alumona, I.M., Aniche, E.T. (eds) Anonymous Power. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6058-0_20

Download citation

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6058-0_20

Published : 28 January 2022

Publisher Name : Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore

Print ISBN : 978-981-16-6057-3

Online ISBN : 978-981-16-6058-0

eBook Packages : Political Science and International Studies Political Science and International Studies (R0)

Share this chapter

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

  • Publish with us

Policies and ethics

  • Find a journal
  • Track your research

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to  upgrade your browser .

Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.

  • We're Hiring!
  • Help Center

paper cover thumbnail

Godfatherism and political party financing in Nigeria: Analysing the 2015 general election

Profile image of Bakri Mat

2018, Malaysian Journal of Society and Space

Related Papers

International Journal of Innovative Legal & Political Studies 11(3):53-62, July-Sept.,

SEAHI Global Publications SEAHI

Godfatherism has been the focal point of political gangalism in Africa and other developing countries around the globe. Godfatherism has been a hallmark of Nigeria’s democracy today. With the emergence of democratic rule in 1999, the nation has experienced an increase in the politics of godfatherism, which has impeded the consolidation of democracy while also undermining efficient state governance and restricting rather than enhancing democratic representation. Godfatherism has eroded the country's politics, causing disharmony, disunity, conflict, and disaffection among various political and interest groups in the country. Its drowsiness has exacerbated electoral passivism and aparthism, hindering Nigeria's democratic transition. This study therefore, investigates the causes, nature and effects of godfatherism on Nigeria’s nascent democracy. The paper based its investigation on the elite theory and the study reveals that political godfatherism is responsible for weak institutions in the country. The study therefore, concludes that political godfathers and godsons have denied the people the rights to vote for their preferred candidate as their leaders. The study however, recommends that voting should be reformed to make it more difficult for individuals and institutions to finance political parties and politicians, this will go a long way towards eradicating godfatherism in Nigeria, and give room for democracy to thrive.

literature review on godfatherism pdf

Babayo Sule

Arts and Social Sciences Journal

Mohammed Sani

Patrick I Ukase

It is a truism that funds are very critical to the proper and effective functioning of democratic political process and politics. Without funds, it would be absolutely difficult for political parties to articulate their ideas and visions to the public and, without which the electorates cannot make informed choices during elections. Unfortunately, party campaigns in most African countries are fraught with despicable levels of corruption. Granted that some efforts have been made to reform laws regulating political campaigns and party funding, campaign financing and their abuses thereof remain shrouded in mystery. It is in this connection that this essay critically interrogates political parties and election/campaign financing in Nigeria, with specific emphasis on the 2015 general elections. The chapter demonstrates that despite the existence of an enabling Act to sanitize campaign financing in Nigeria, the suspicious manner in which the presidential candidates of the two major politic...

Journal of African elections

Shola J Omotola

IOSR Journals

Democracy is recognized globally as a system in which the government is controlled by the people, and in which the people are considered equals in the exercise of that control. Essentially, unequal access to political finance contributes to an imbalanced political playing field. The astronomic growth of campaign expenditure in Nigeria has exacerbated this problem. This stems from the fact that huge amounts of money involved in some election campaigns makes it practically impossible for those without access to large private funds to compete simultaneously with those who are well funded. Recognizing theabove challenges, the paper seeks to examinethe dynamics of political party financing and election campaignsin Nigeria; the extant laws on political parties funding and election campaigns; and the implications of the unregulated political party funding and election campaigns for Nigeria's political development.Content analytical approach was adopted while data were collected from secondary sources. Guided by the political economy approach as the theoretical framework of analysis, the study found among other things; that the explosive growth in campaign expenditures fuels the perception that wealth buys political influence and threatens political equality; that the abuse of state resources by the ruling party to put itself in an advantageous position is also problematic in Nigerian democracy; and lack of a level playing field prohibits equal participation and representation of all citizens in Nigerian democratic and political processes. The study concludes that unequal political party financing in relation to election campaigns not only undermine democratic values, good governance and the rule of law, but also a negation of political development. It therefore, recommends an urgent need for political party finance reform and regulation of political donations and expenditures; effective monitoring and enforcement of extant laws on party financing.

Money has been influential in determining the outcome of elections in almost all democratic regimes in the world. Developing democracies like that of Nigeria in particular witnessed the incidence of money being used openly during elections to secure victory by politicians. The problem is money politics or the excessive use of money in the electoral process leads to the emergence of selfish leaders who used the proceeds of power to enrich themselves and personalize public property for their own private advantage. This paper seeks to explore the causes and manifestations of money politics in Nigeria and also to examine the impact of money politics on General Elections in Nigeria during the Fourth Republic (1999-2015). The methodology used is qualitative method of data collection and analysis where some informants with an experience and classified information on the subject matter were consulted for interview and other primary documents in addition to secondary sources. The data obtained was interpreted for analysis and findings. The paper discovered that there was heavy use of money during General Elections and the outcome was affected by such brazen act given undue advantage to politicians who have the means to buy their way into power. Thus, the paper concludes that until the regulatory agencies responsible for monitoring of elections and sanctioning of offenders improve their efforts in minimizing excessive use of money in Nigeria's politics, it will continue to produce incompetent leaders and this will lead to bad governance and abuse of power as well as misuse of national resources for private gain.

Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies

Joseph O Nkwede

sulaiman kura

This paper examines the patterns and processes of candidate selection, party funding and campaign financing against the background of the institutional designs guiding such activities in the Nigeria’s ruling People’s Democratic Party (PDP). The paper argues that the internal and external rules are only used as window dressing in the conduct of PDP primaries, congresses and conventions. Often informal arrangements become the substantive rules of the process. Consequently, candidate selection processes are characterised by conflicts and violence and party funding and campaign financing conducted surreptitiously. The implication of this has been lack of internal democracy, transparency and accountability in the management of the PDP. It is therefore, arguably the power of clientelism, neopatrimonialism and excessiveness in the operation of presidential system that holds the party together, despite these seeming problems. This cumulatively is translated into the dialectics godfatherism....

QUEST JOURNALS

The use of political parties for political contestations and the formation of democratic governments in Nigeria is facing a major challenge. The inordinate manipulation of party machinery has put the entire political process in a mess. Accusing fingers are directed at the economic and political oligarchs for undue influences on the parties through financing, blackmailing and the inordinate quest for returns. This paper investigated the imports of politico-economic oligarchy on political parties in Nigeria and how the practice contributed to major challenges facing the party system in the country. The study is descriptive and was analyzed qualitatively. Data collection focused on official, online and hardcopy documented evidence. The paper applied Robert Michels' "Iron Law of Oligarchy" for the explanation. It argued that political parties in Nigeria were financed and formed from top to bottom. Thus, they are reduced to leadership and controls by a few individuals who finance and audaciously manipulate them to get returns (economic and political gains). These generated major problems facing the Nigerian party system. Financing and control of the party machinery and electoral procedures violated laws and dues processes in the conduct of party affairs. The results manifest in questionable party primaries and congresses, unending ligations, inter-party decamping, political violence and proliferation of non-viable parties. Formation of political parties from bottom to top and opportunity for independent candidacy are viable options for redress.

RELATED PAPERS

maritza alegria

N'Guessan Arnaud Tozan Bi

Mohammed Issah

Journal of Applied Physics

ANUJA CHANANA

Francisco José Galante Gómez

Muhammad Ali Tariq

Ingeniare. Revista chilena de ingeniería

Dario Quiroga

Michael Newsome

Psychophysiology

Michael Falkenstein

Sarah Weckhuysen

International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research

Marcello Schiattarella

JURNAL ILMIAH PLATAX

Joudy Sangari

Journal of extension

Meredith Melendez

Procedia Chemistry

Opstaria Saptarini

Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics

alan martina

Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

oğuzhan çelik

Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering

Ilona Senderek

Open journal of chemistry

Saba Noreen

Revista Zum de Fotografia

Patrícia M O U R Ã O de Andrade

Possard, M. (2024) | Interview (in: "Online-Magazin der FH Campus Wien - University of Applied Sciences"): "Wissenschaft kennt keine Grenzen."

Marlon POSSARD

Advances in Skin & Wound Care

Claudio Marasca

Revista Colombiana de Hematología y Oncología

Jose Fernando Lobaton

RELATED TOPICS

  •   We're Hiring!
  •   Help Center
  • Find new research papers in:
  • Health Sciences
  • Earth Sciences
  • Cognitive Science
  • Mathematics
  • Computer Science
  • Academia ©2024

IMAGES

  1. how to write a literature review with examples

    literature review on godfatherism pdf

  2. (PDF) The influence of the portrayal of godfatherism in nollywood films

    literature review on godfatherism pdf

  3. "The Godfather" and "The Godfather Part 2" Lecture Notes

    literature review on godfatherism pdf

  4. (PDF) DETERMINANTS AND IMPACTS OF POLITICS OF GODFATHERISM AND

    literature review on godfatherism pdf

  5. How To Write A Literature Review Outline

    literature review on godfatherism pdf

  6. The Godfather Movie Research Paper Example

    literature review on godfatherism pdf

VIDEO

  1. The Godfather: Baptism By Fire

  2. The Godfather: opening scene: A cultural analysis

  3. Rivers Political Crisis: Fubara vs Wike is an Issue of Pestilence of Godfatherism

  4. Ijaw Youth Council Vows To Fight Godfatherism In Rivers Politics

  5. Nyesom Wike vs Fubara, Godfatherism & Demolition Of Rivers House Of Assembly, Crassness On Display

  6. EDO: THE FIERCE COMPETITION FOR THE DEPUTY GOVERNOR POSITION

COMMENTS

  1. [PDF] GODFATHERISM AND ITS THREAT TO THE NIGERIA'S

    Democracy has promoted political and socio-economic development far more effectively than any other political system across many countries and centuries of history. In Nigeria, it has been characterized with political corruption, ethnic politics, politicking of core government policies and programmes and politics of godfatherism. Since the return of democratic rule in 1999 to date, the country ...

  2. (PDF) Politics of Godfatherism and its Implication on Socio-Economic

    Godfatherism has eroded the country's politics, causing disharmony, disunity, conflict, and disaffection among various political and interest groups in the country.

  3. (PDF) Explaining 'godfatherism' in Nigerian Politics

    Godfatherism, according to Scott [9], is "a special case of dyadic (two-person) relations involving a mostly instrumental friendship in which a person of higher socio-economic status (patron or ...

  4. The Dialectics of Political Godfatherism in Nigeria, 1999-2019

    Four key terms constitute the conceptual frame of this chapter, namely clientelism, dialectics, godfatherism and prebendalism. Conceptualizing these terms, Table 20.1 presents a frame of reference of the paper. It would suffice to note that the various conceptualizations highlighted in Table 20.1 are adapted from sundry sources (cited in-text) in order to foster shared operational understanding.

  5. (Pdf) Moral and Development Issues in Political Godfatherism in Nigeria

    PDF | One of the prevailing fundamental and sensitive issues in Nigerian politics that can not be ignored is godfatherism. ... LITERATURE REVIEW . 11 ... Therefore, godfatherism is a topic of ...

  6. PDF Democracy and Politics of Godfatherism in Nigeria: the Effects and Way

    In essence, godfatherism is a threat to the Nigeria's nascent democracy. This makes it imperative in this paper to explore the ugly phenomenon of godfatherism and its effect on democratization in the country. CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS ON THE CONCEPT OF DEMOCRACY Democracy as a concept is one of the most striking features of contemporary politics.

  7. [PDF] Political Conflicts and Godfatherism in Nigeria: A Focus on the

    The conflict arising from godfatherism has become one of the greatest problems facing the Nigerian political system. The holder of the political position becomes a stooge to his godfather because he that pays the piper dictates the tune. By the time the godson refuses to meet their (godfather s) demand, he is eventually impeached from political office. In Nigeria s fourth republic dispensation ...

  8. Godfatherism and the future of Nigerian democracy

    E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]. Accepted 15 June, 2009. The study explores the relationship between godfathers and godsons with a particular attention to its influence on the development of Nigeria's politics, and seeming demise of resourceful governance in the country.

  9. [PDF] OF GODFATHERISM IN NIGERIAN POLITICS

    Godfatherism is not a modern phenomenon. It has an ancient origin and its modern usage has acquired political and commercial meaning. In contemporary Nigerian politics, the godfather performs certain services for his client with the aim of enriching himself and consolidating his political base at the expense of his client and the larger society ...

  10. (PDF) Political Godfatherism and its Effect on Nigeria's Democratic

    This paper is therefore, aimed at filling the existing gap in the literature. Conceptual Clarification Many literature abounds on the concept of godfatherism, with different contributions depending on individual perception. Godfatherism as a concept has no specific definition, therefore, making it difficult to arrive at a particular concept.

  11. PDF Godfatherism and its Effects on Nigeria's Democracy

    Nigeria, democracy is not yet completely developed, and the phenomenon of godfatherism has jeopardized the political process as well as citizens' livelihood." This paper is therefore, aimed at filling this void in literature. METHODOLOGY The methodology used in this paper is qualitative. In order to investigate the issues of godfatherism

  12. (Pdf) Effect of Political Godfatherism on Nigeria Politics: a Case

    Literature Review: The Emergence of Godfatherism in Nigerian Politics Gambo (2007) cited in Abdullahi and Sakariyau (2013) noted that the word 'godfather' appears in parenthesis in many western political studies. The situation is different in Nigeria.

  13. PDF Give Them Their Rights: a Critical Review of Godfather and Godson

    godfatherism in the Nigerian partisan politics dates back to the First Republic when leaders of the three major political parties (Northern Peoples Congress (NPC), Action Group (AG) and ... Literature Review The Concept of godfatherism Ajayi (2005) contends that a 'godfather' is a kingmaker, boss, mentor, and principal, while godson is the ...

  14. (Pdf) Democracy and Politics of Godfatherism in Nigeria: the Effects

    In view of this, this research work is pr imarily designed to examine democracy and. politics of godfatherism in Niger ia with emphasis on i ts effects an d way f orward. The stud y. adopts pr ...

  15. Godfatherism in Nigerian Politics: a Historical Analysis 1960-2015

    Upon reviewing relevant literature, it is concluded that while political godfatherism may have penetrated and co-existed alongside institutional of liberal democracy as it also thought to affect policy or electoral outcomes, it does not reflect the entirety of politics as practiced in Nigeria. ... GODFATHERISM IN NIGERIAN POLITICS: A HISTORICAL ...

  16. PDF Godfatherism and Its Threat to The Nigeria'S Nascent Democracy

    The term godfatherism have been defined by several academic scholars based on their perception and understanding of the concept. According to Abioye, 2007 cited in Eke and Osaghae (8:65-66), godfatherism is "a term used to describe the relationship between a godfather and a chosen godson. It is a kind of politics whereby influential person in a

  17. [PDF] Explaining 'Godfatherism' in Nigerian Politics

    Explaining 'Godfatherism' in Nigerian Politics. Take it or leave it, the arche typal godfather in Nigeria is more than the ruthless Mario Puzo's kingpins in the Italian Mafia setting. While the fictional godfather is charac terized as 'a shadowy, dare-devil recluse, who combines immense under world financial muscle with near mythical powers ...

  18. PDF Political Godfatherism and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria

    godfatherism in the past and its contemporary forms in Nigeria's fourth republic. ... Literature Review The Nigeria Political Process prior to the 1999 democratic rule has been dominated by military dictatorship after several year of political subjugation or hostage in the hand of military rulers, the political process seem to be under threat ...

  19. (PDF) Godfatherism and political party financing in Nigeria: Analysing

    Abstract. Godfatherism is one of the major obstacles towards genuine democratisation and good. governance in Nigeria. In every political setting, there are financiers of politicians for elective ...

  20. (PDF) Explaining godfatherism in Nigerian politics

    Andrew Abechi. This paper discusses the role of political godfatherism in Nigeria politics. The paper focuses on the emergence of political godfatherism and its effects on dividend of democracy. Study has shown that godfatheism is part of Nigeria political history. In Hausa society it is a common place to hear people referring to political ...

  21. (PDF) Godfatherism and political party financing in Nigeria: Analysing

    Godfatherism and political party financing in Nigeria: Analysing the 2015 general election ... To evaluate the changing nature and character of godfatherism in Nigerian politics. Literature review In this section, various existing literature would be discussed from the previous researches by scholars in the field and this will enable for ...

  22. (PDF) Impact of Godfatherism on Nigerian Politics and Administration

    Godfatherism has been the focal point of political gangalism in Africa and other developing countries around the globe. Godfatherism has been a hallmark of Nigeria's democracy today.

  23. [PDF] Wide Complex Tachycardia as a Rare Pointer of Intra-aortic

    @article{Girgis2024WideCT, title={Wide Complex Tachycardia as a Rare Pointer of Intra-aortic Balloon Pump Migration Into the Left Ventricle: A Case Report and Literature Review}, author={Kyrillos Girgis and Desmond Aroke and Danielle Retcho and Grettel Gonzalez Garcia and Sammir S Dekowski and Rafail Beshai and Jessica Celenza-Salvatore and ...

  24. [PDF] Factors Influencing the Use of Account Information Systems and

    The characteristics that facilitate the adoption of Accounting Information Systems in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and their influence on corporate performance are investigated to ensure the long-term viability of SMEs in the face of business challenges and advancements. The viability of Small and Medium Enterprises is heavily reliant on effectively managed firm finance management ...