ignou solved assignment 2019 20 free download pdf

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IGNOU SOLVED ASSIGNMENT 2019-20 FREE DOWNLOAD

• Post author: IGNOU ASSIGNMENT WALA
• Post published: June 19, 2023
• Post category: Updates
• Post comments: 0 Comments

Download IGNOU Solved Assignment 2019-20 Session. Assignment Solutions are available in PDF Format for all semesters. Ignou carefully check the Assignment work put together by the understudies, subsequently you ought to present your best work. We comprehend that this is a difficult work, accordingly here we have gathered these completely Solved Assignments for you. These Ignou Solved Assignments are for the direction, which you should utilize it as a source of perspective. We prompt you not to duplicate 100% from arrangements and utilize some outside sources likewise to gather more data about the point.

You can download IGNOU solved assignment 2019-20  from below links. All subjects are listed below for IGNOU click on the Download link next to course code and course title to download solved assignment. These assignments are for July 2019 and January 2020 admission cycle students.

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Read more : Assignments (ignou.ac.in)

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Download Previous Year Question Papers

Ignou previous year question papers.

The IGNOU Question Papers play a vital role in the preparation of examinations conducted by the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU). These papers serve as valuable resources for students to understand the exam pattern, marking scheme, and the types of questions that may be asked. In this article, we will explore the significance of the previous year’s question papers and provide a comprehensive list of question papers across various degree programs offered by IGNOU.

Select Your Course From The Options Given Below

Ignou all previous year question  papers  in one pdf, click here to search your paper.

एक PDF में पिछले वर्ष के सभी प्रश्‍न पत्र

JUNE 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 December 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020,2021 and 2022

Importance of Previous Year Question Papers

Enhancing exam preparation with previous year question papers.

Previous year question papers are a treasure trove of knowledge for students preparing for their IGNOU examinations. By referring to these papers, students can gain insights into the format of the questions, the weightage given to different topics, and the level of difficulty. This familiarity with the exam pattern helps them develop effective strategies for time management and prioritization during the actual examination.

Gaining Insight into Exam Patterns and Marking Scheme

One of the key benefits of solving the previous year’s question papers is understanding the exam pattern and marking scheme. By analyzing the distribution of marks and the emphasis placed on specific topics, students can focus their preparation on areas that carry more weightage. This targeted approach increases their chances of scoring well in the exams.

Practicing Time Management and Speed

Another advantage of solving previous year’s question papers is that it allows students to practice time management and improve their speed in answering questions. By setting a time limit for each section, students can simulate the actual exam environment and learn to allocate their time efficiently. Regular practice enhances their speed, accuracy, and confidence, enabling them to complete the exam within the stipulated time.

Are the previous year question papers enough for exam preparation?

Previous year question papers are helpful for exam preparation but should not be relied upon solely. It is essential to refer to the course material, textbooks, and other resources recommended by IGNOU for comprehensive preparation.

Can I trust the authenticity of IGNOU previous year question papers?

Yes, IGNOU previous year question papers available on the official website and reputable educational platforms are usually authentic. However, it is advisable to cross-check the relevance of the papers with the updated syllabus or consult your tutors or professors.

Is it necessary to solve question papers for every subject?

While solving question papers for every subject is not mandatory, it is beneficial. Question papers provide insights into the exam pattern and help in understanding the types of questions asked. Prioritize solving question papers for subjects you find challenging or where you want to practice time management.

Can I find question papers for all IGNOU courses and programs?

Yes, question papers for various IGNOU courses and programs are available. The official IGNOU website and reputable educational platforms offer question papers for a wide range of subjects and years.

How frequently should I solve previous year question papers?

It is recommended to solve previous year question papers at regular intervals throughout your exam preparation. Starting early and solving papers periodically can help you track your progress, identify weak areas, and gain confidence in the exam setting. and you can download the solved paper also from here  - Click Here  

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Where is BAG (Eng+pol)?

Since the courses are new so IGNOU has not updated any exam papers yet

Read more : https://www.ignouassignmentguru.com/download-previous-year-question-papers

respected Sir/madam I am BSWG Student from IGNOU this is my second year going on for the TEE I NEED LAST 3-YEAR QUESTION PAPER.

https://www.ignouassignmentguru.com/ignou-bswg-previous-year-question-papers/

Hloo sir , Iam first year bafeg studen taken admission in Jan 2024 …can you pls show me the previous year question papers of bcos 185, bpas 184,bedsv 101 pls…I can’t find it in any .pls help

Thank you so much for reaching out and for your interest in our resources!

We are pleased to inform you that all the previous year’s solved question papers have already been uploaded to our website. You can access the solved papers for the code you provided by following this link: bcos 185 = https://www.ignouassignmentguru.com/?s=BCOS-185+Previous+Question+Papers bpas 184 = https://www.ignouassignmentguru.com/?s=BPAS-184+Previous+Question+Papers bedsv 101 = https://www.ignouassignmentguru.com/?s=BEDSV-101+Previous+Question+Papers

I have taken admission in bam in July 2024 n they r saying that 1 n 2 sem exam will be held together in march2025 is it possible pls reply

Yes, your exam will be in June 2025. Remember to submit the exam form for the exam.

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• Paid Solved Assignment

IGNOU Solved Assignments 2022-23

• 1.1 Ignou Assignment Passing Marks
• 1.2 Importance of Ignou Solved Assignments 2022-23
• 1.3 Last Date of Ignou Assignment Submission
• 1.4 Where to download Ignou Assignments 2022-23?
• 1.5 Ignou Assignment Cover Page
• 1.6 Important Guidelines to write Ignou Assignments
• 1.7 How to Solve Ignou Assignments 2022-23?
• 1.8 Where to submit Solved Ignou Assignments?
• 1.9 How to check Ignou Assignment Status?

Submission of Ignou solved assignments 2022-23 is mandatory for the students who are pursuing various programmes from Indira Gandhi National Open University. They have to submit the Tutor Marked assignments (TMA) for the courses which requires it as a part of curriculum.

Not able to solve IGNOU assignment questions 2022-23 ? Contact us on mobile through   WhatsApp   at 7428482160  or send us an email at   [email protected]

The assignments are an integral part of most of the programmes offered by Ignou.The university offers various programmes such as Master Degree, Bachelor Degree, Diploma and Certificate. These include BAG, BCOMG, BDP, BA, B.Sc., BSW, B.Com, BCA, BTS, BBARL, B.Ed, MA, M.Com, MSW, MTM, MEG, MAPC, M.Sc., MBA, MCA, etc.

To complete any of these programmes, the students need to submit the Ignou solved assignments 2021-22 or 2022-23 for the respective courses/subjects for which they will be going to appear in the upcoming Term End Examination.

Without the submission of assignments, the students will not be able to submit the exam form online or offline. Because it is mandatory for all the courses which require continuous evaluation of assignments as a part of the curriculum.

It is to be noted that the students do not need to submit solved Ignou assignments 2022-23 in case of lab courses.

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• IGNOU PGDRD solved assignments

Ignou Assignment Passing Marks

Students have to obtain minimum of 50% marks in the assignments to pass it. In case, if the student is unable to obtain 50% marks in assignment of any course, then he/she has to write and submit it again. Without securing the passing marks in assignments, the course cannot be completed.

Therefore, the students should take the Ignou solved assignment work seriously as it will also help them in securing good marks in a total.Every student should understand the importance of Ignou assignment submission.

Importance of Ignou Solved Assignments 2022-23

Any Ignou course constitutes the two components i.e Continuous Evaluation and Term End Examination. The continuous evaluation of assignments constitutes the 30% weightage whereas term end examination carries 70% weightage in the final results. The assignment marks of all the courses which

The assignment marks of all the courses which require Ignou solved assignment submission will be counted in the final result. It means if we assign total marks of 100 to any course then, an assignment will carry 30 marks and theory exams will carry 70 marks.

If we score only 10 marks in the assignment work, then it will affect the total marks percentage for that course which results in an overall percentage of programme marks.

So, it is advised to all the IGNOU students that they should not take assignment work lightly and they must solve the assignments seriously.

They should write the quality answers in clean handwriting in the prescribed format which is mentioned in the programme prospectus by the university.

Solving the Ignou assignments by themselves will also help the students to prepare for their upcoming examination.

They will read out the study material at least once to solve the assignments which will help them in their examination as they must have been covered all the topics during the process of solving the assignments.

The university has included the assignment work in its curriculum for its many

The university has included the assignment work in its curriculum for its many programmes with the purpose to test the student’s comprehension of the learning material the university send to them in their preferable medium.

Last Date of Ignou Assignment Submission

Students can check the last date of Ignou assignment submission 2022-23 on the assignment booklet which they can download online from the university official website at www.ignou.ac.in.

There is no need to ask anyone for the last date as the students can themselves check the last date in the introductory page of assignment question paper booklet.

It is very important to check the last date of submitting the Ignou solved assignments earlier. If the last date passes, then your assignment work will not be accepted by study centre.The students must complete and submit their assignments before the last date.

If you have not submitted the specified number of assignments at your respective study centre, then you will not be allowed to appear in the upcoming term-end examination.

Where to download Ignou Assignments 2022-23?

After the completion of admission or re-registration process, the Ignou send the Tutor Marked Assignment (TMA) question paper and study material in the form of a booklet to the students at the physical communication address.

Students can also download the assignment question paper booklets in the form of pdf file from the university official website at www.ignou.ac.in.

Whenever any student receives the assignment booklet at home, he/she should immediately check it to find whether it is complete or if it contains any missing page.It can be judged by counting the pages manually and comparing it with the count mentioned on front page of assignment booklet.

In case, if a student finds the missing page in the assignment booklet, then he/she can immediately ask for missing pages, if any, from The Registrar, Material Production & Distribution Division, IGNOU, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi- 110068 or the Coordinator of your Study Centre.

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Ignou Assignment Cover Page

• Is it mandatory to make front page of Ignou solved assignments?
• how to make Ignou assignment cover page? How it looks like?
• Can you please send me the sample front page of Ignou assignment?
• Where can I get ignou assignment front page sample?

I would like to answer all these queries of the students in a very simple and easy way. Let’s answer these queries one by one…

Yes, it is mandatory to make front page of the assignment in a prescribed format.

Students should not make Ignou assignment cover page by their imagination.There is a particular format provided by Indira Gandhi National Open University to make it. It can be checked in the common prospectus provided by the university. Students can also check it in their assignment question paper booklet. Below, we have provided the sample of Ignou assignment cover page:

We cannot send sample of front page to each and every student.So, that’s why we have uploaded it here in the PDF format. Students can easily download it and take print out of it.

• Click here to download front page format

Important Guidelines to write Ignou Assignments

There are few guidelines provided by the university to write assignment answers. These are mentioned below:

• The answers should be written in the student handwriting only.
• Please write the answers in simple and correct English.
• The number of words should not exceed the limit provided in ffront of each question in the assignment booklet.
• Most importantly, it should be neat and clean.
• Students should make use of foolscap size paper for writing answers. Also, tag all the pages carefully.
• Write the relevant question number at start of each each answer.

How to Solve Ignou Assignments 2022-23?

Students should solve the Tutor Marked Assignment question paper by themselves.They can solve it by going through the study material and reference books. They can also take the help of their Programme Coordinator by attending the classes at their respective study centres.

They can contact their Regional Centre for the class schedule. As per the university, the printed study material contains sufficient information that should be required by students to answer the assignment questions.

They do not need to take tension about the non-availability of reference books for writing the Ignou solved assignments 2022-23. However, if you possess any reference book which can help, then you may use it to write good answers.

The Indira Gandhi National Open University’s various School of Studies design the assignment question papers in such a way that it help the students to concentrate mostly on the original Ignou study material to solve it and also to make use of their personal experience.

Please make sure while submitting the assignments that you have written answers to all the questions and it is complete in all respects. Incomplete answers will result in poor grades or marks which will degrade your result.

Note: In case, if someone needs help in solving the questions, he/she can send email at [email protected]

Where to submit Solved Ignou Assignments?

After completing the assignment, the students have to submit it to their study centre concerned. Do not forget to get the receipt while submitting the assignments at your study centres. Also, the students can retain the photocopy of the assignment work which they have submitted for their own record or for future reference.

You can get the duly evaluated tutor marked assignments along with a copy of assessment sheet containing comments on the assignment by the evaluator after one month from submission of assignment. It will surely help you to improve in making assignments in future.

How to check Ignou Assignment Status?

In Indira Gandhi National Open University, the assignments for June examination are submitted before 31st March. For, December exams, the assignments have to be submitted before 31st December.

After submitting the solved Ignou assignments at the concerned study centres, it takes almost 3 to 4 months by the university in updating its marks on the official website. Students can check the Ignou grade card status to know their marks.

However, the students remain in the state of confusion after submitting their assignments.Whether the assignments has been submitted properly or not.

To help out students, the university has provided an option on its official website to check Ignou assignment status.For the student’s convenience, we have provided below the link to check Ignou assignment submission status online:

• Click here to check submission status

I hope this article will motivate you in preparing good Ignou solved assignments. It can help you in obtaining good marks.

Best of Luck!

14 Comments

Regarding submission of assignments, the assignments for June examination are submitted before 31st March. For, December exams, the assignments have to be submitted before 31st December. Please clarify whether any extension of date for submission of assignments for June term end examination ?

I want to know whether we can send the assignments by speed post/Courier?? Is it will be considered valid receipt? Or can we sent it through any proxy?

I want assigments question pls assignent questions eco1 business organisation.

Please send BEGF101/FMT1/FST1/MTE6/MTE2/MTE4/MTE5/MTE1 solved assignments 2018

pliz send the solved assignment on the mswc for the second year

Can we use sparkle pens like blue, black & green only for headings and flow charts in Assignment & Examination answer sheet?

pls provide BLIS 2018-19 solved assignment, I urgently needed.

yes available contact on Whatsapp at 7428482160

SHOULD THE ASSIGNMENTS BE WRITTEN IN A4 SIZE RULED PAPER OR A4 SIZE WHITE PAPER ?CAN WE DRAW SOME DIAGRAMS EVEN THOUGH NOT MENTIONED IN THE QUESTION ?WHAT IF THE WORD LIMITS EXCEED THE NUMBER OF WORDS ASKED?

Can you please provide eco 13 and Aed 01 solved assignment for bcom Jan 19? Is it free of cost or are there any charges involved?

Yes, these are chargeable.. not free.. u can contact on WhatsApp at 7428482160

Plzz can u upload Certificate programme in food and nutrition (CFN) 2 & 3..plzz

Hi I need the solved assignments for MDV Jan 2019 urgently

Kindly send MEG-1, MEG-2 , MEG-3 & MEG-4 Solved assignment July 2019 & January-2020 sessiojn

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Download (Solved PDF) IGNOU Previous Year Question Papers in English & Hindi – 2023

Let me tell you a secret, one of the main benefits of studying with IGNOU Previous Year Question Papers is that IGNOU University usually repeats questions from past years. This means that students who are preparing for their exams can get a good idea of what to expect in their upcoming exams. Studying the questions from previous year question papers of ignou can help students identify the types of questions that are likely to be on their exams and prepare accordingly.

For first-time students, Our Solved IGNOU Previous Year Question Papers can be especially helpful in understanding how to write answers according to the university’s guidelines. By studying these ignou previous year question papers solved by our subject experts, students can learn about the format and style of answers that are expected from them. This can help them gain confidence and perform better on their exam.

Here you can get the Latest Expert Written Solved  IGNOU Previous Year Question Papers in English & Hindi Languages.

How To Download Previous Year Question Papers of IGNOU

• Download the ignou previous year question paper with answer  of your choice by clicking on the Course/Subject Code listed in the section below.

Just find your program from the list of previous year’s question papers and start downloading it on your device.

Download IGNOU Previous Year Question Papers in English & Hindi

We have categorized the IGNOU Solved Previous Year Question Papers by UG, PG, Diploma, and Certificates so that the students can easily find their course assignments only by looking at their respective lists of assignments.

Table of Contents

Download ignou bachelor degree courses previous year question papers.

Download IGNOU Master Degree Courses Previous Year Question Papers

Download IGNOU Diploma Courses Previous Year Question Papers

Download IGNOU Post Graduate Diploma Courses Previous Year Question Papers

Download IGNOU Post Graduate Certificate Courses Previous Year Question Papers

Download IGNOU Certificate Courses Previous Year Question Papers

Download IGNOU Ph.D. Courses Previous Year Question Papers

👇⬇️👇 Click on the WhatsApp Button to download Solved IGNOU Previous Year Question Papers via WhatsApp 👇⬇️👇

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

✅ does solving ignou previous year question paper work for good marks in the exam.

Yes, solving IGNOU Previous Year Question Papers can significantly improve your chances of scoring good marks. These papers help you understand the exam pattern, practice different types of questions, and manage your time better during the exam.

✅ IGNOU all previous year question papers in one PDF

You can connect with us on WhatsApp to get All Previous Year’s Question Papers in one PDF.

✅ IGNOU previous year question papers with answers

IGNOU does not officially provide answers to the previous year’s question papers. However, you can connect with our team on WhatsApp for solved previous year’s question papers as per IGNOU guidelines.

✅ Do you also provide Solved IGNOU Guess Papers?

Yes, our expert-written Solved IGNOU Guess Papers help you in preparing for your IGNOU Term End Examination and increase your chances of getting very good marks.

✅ How will I get these Solved from Previous Year’s Question Papers?

After you place your order And Do the Payment you’ll get these solved previous year’s question papers through Whatsapp in PDF Format

✅ How to find IGNOU’s previous year solved question papers

Our expert team at IGNOU Buddy has solved these papers as per IGNOU guidelines. You can connect with us on WhatsApp to get these solved papers.

✅ Will I pass the IGNOU term-end exam if I solve the previous 5-7 years’ questions?

While solving previous year’s question papers can significantly improve your understanding and performance, passing the exam also depends on your understanding of the course material and your preparation. It’s recommended to thoroughly study the course material and use the previous year’s question papers as a part of your revision strategy.

✅ How to access unsolved previous year’s question papers of my ignou course from the Official IGNOU Website?

In order to access unsolved previous year’s question papers of your respective IGNOU Course you can follow below mentioned links. 1. Official IGNOU Website Link – https://www.ignou.ac.in/ 2. Direct Link – https://webservices.ignou.ac.in/Pre-Question/

✅ What is IGNOU?

Indira Gandhi National Open University, known as IGNOU , is a public research university located at Maidan Garhi, New Delhi, India. Named after the former Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi, the university was established in 1985 with a budget of ₹20 million, after the Parliament of India passed the Indira Gandhi National Open University Act, 1985 (IGNOU Act 1985). IGNOU is run by the central government of India, and with a total active enrollment of over 4 million students, it is the largest university in the world.

IGNOU Sahayta

We help Students

IGNOU Solved Assignment 2023-24 | 2024-25 PDF Download Free

Ignou solved assignment 2024-25 (answers) pdf.

Welcome to the world of Indira Gandhi National Open University IGNOU Solved Assignment . Additionally, an essential aspect of your academic journey with IGNOU. Furthermore, In this comprehensive guide, we will delve deeper into IGNOU Solved Assignment 2024-25 & 2023-24 , helping you fully understand their importance.

Moreover, How to solve them effectively, common challenges encounters, and tips to achieve high scores. Hence, This guide aims to help you overcome assignment-related obstacles with confidence and excellence, whether you are a seasoned IGNOU student or just starting your academic journey.

Hello students, Are you looking for IGNOU SOLVED ASSIGNMENT OR IGNOU ASSIGNMENT Answers 2024-25 & 2023-24 is available at IGNOU Sahayta.

If yes then you are at the right place.

This is IGNOU Sahayta , we will provide the most recently IGNOU Solved Assignment 2024 and thoroughly researched tasks. Additionally, Check out the full article to download IGNOU ASSIGNMENT .

IGNOU Solved Assignment Download PDF Free or Question Paper – Click Here . Here you will find IGNOU Question Paper and Assignment Free of cost.

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That’s why you are here and after facing these problems I decided to solve them with my small effort.

I have decided and created this article where you will get all the IGNOU Solved Assignment 2023-24 , available in both free and paid versions to download. you can get ignou solved assignment sample for your study and front page link also .

What Are IGNOU Solved Assignments?

Download IGNOU Solved Assignments provide completed and well-reasoned academic assignments for courses offered by the renowned Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) , a distance learning institution in India.

Assignments play a crucial role in the assessment process for many of the courses that IGNOU offers in its undergraduate, postgraduate, diploma, and certificate programs across a wide range of disciplines.

Benefits of Submitting Solved Assignments 2024-25

IGNOU Solved Assignments are Important for Many reasons:

• Assessment and Grading:  IGNOU assignments are an important part of the evaluation process for a variety of courses. They make you evaluate your knowledge of the course material and your capacity to apply it. How well you perform on these assignments heavily influences the grades you receive for them. As a result, completing assignments well can improve your overall academic performance.
• Learning and Understanding : In order to successfully complete the assignments, you must actively engage with the course material. You are compelled to read, learn about the topic, and exercise critical thought. This process improves your comprehension of the subjects covered and aids in your ability to retain the information for a longer period of time.
• Feedback and Improvement: IGNOU assignments give you the chance to get feedback from your tutors or instructors, which can help you improve. This feedback can be extremely helpful in determining your areas of strength and weakness. You can improve your learning process and performance on upcoming assignments and exams by responding to the criticism and making changes.
• Time management: Assignments have deadlines for submission, which motivates you to use your time wisely. This ability is crucial for your professional and personal success as well as academic success.
• Self-Control: It takes commitment and self-control to finish assignments. You must regularly set aside time to study and complete assignments. You can benefit from having these traits in many areas of your life.
• Preparation for Exams:  Numerous IGNOU assignments are created to help you get ready for the final exams. Since they frequently cover the same or related subjects, working on assignments will help you get a better idea of what to expect on the exams.
• Assessment Flexibility: Students may submit assignments using any location thanks to IGNOU’s distance learning model. This flexibility enables people to pursue higher education without having to physically attend classes, which is especially helpful for those who are employed or have other obligations.
• Overall Skill Development:  Research, analysis, writing, and problem-solving are important skills that can be developed through assignments and are useful in both academic and professional settings.

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IGNOU Assignment Submission Rules

Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) has specific rules and guidelines for the submission of assignments.

These rules may change over time, so it’s essential to refer to the official IGNOU website or contact your regional center for the most up-to-date information.

However, as of my last knowledge update in September 2021, here are some general rules and guidelines for IGNOU assignment submission:

• Assignment Submission Schedule:  IGNOU provides assignment questions along with your study material. You should check the assignment submission schedule in your program guide. Typically, there are two sessions – January and July. Ensure that you submit assignments on time during these sessions.
• Assignment Format:  Write your assignments neatly and legibly. Use A4 size sheets and leave sufficient margins on all sides. Use only one side of the paper for writing.
• Cover Page:  Prepare a cover page for each assignment. Include details such as your name, enrollment number, address, program code, study center code, and course code. Ensure that this cover page is securely attached to your assignment.
• Assignment Questions:  Answer all the questions mentioned in the assignment booklet. Make sure your responses are relevant and directly address the questions asked.
• Word Limit:  Pay attention to word limits if mentioned for specific questions. IGNOU often specifies a maximum word count for each question.
• Handwriting:  If your assignments are handwritten, make sure your handwriting is neat and legible. If you type your assignments, use a standard font and formatting.
• Assignment Submission Mode:  IGNOU provides different modes for assignment submission, such as online and offline. Follow the mode specified by your study center or regional center.
• Submission Deadlines:  The deadline for assignment submission is crucial. Late submissions may not be accepted. Be aware of the last date for submission and plan accordingly.
• Submission Location:  Submit your assignments to your respective regional center or study center. Ensure you keep a copy of the submitted assignments and obtain a receipt or acknowledgment for submission.
• Assignment Evaluation:  After submission, your assignments will be evaluated by IGNOU’s faculty members. The evaluated assignments will be uploaded to the IGNOU website, and you can check your scores there.
• Re-Submission:  If you are not satisfied with your assignment scores, you can apply for re-evaluation within the stipulated time frame. There may be a fee for re-evaluation.
• Plagiarism:  Avoid plagiarism at all costs. Always cite sources properly if you use external materials in your assignments. IGNOU takes plagiarism seriously, and if found guilty, it can lead to severe consequences.
• Assignment Scores:  Your assignment scores are crucial in determining your overall grade in a course. Make sure to put in your best effort when completing assignments.

Remember that IGNOU’s assignment submission rules may change, so it’s essential to stay updated with the latest guidelines provided by your study center or on the official IGNOU website.

Always double-check the submission details and deadlines to ensure a smooth assignment submission process.

Important Deadlines and Late Submissions

For July 2022 – 2023 Session  – March to april 2023  (approximately not confirmed)

For January 2023 – 2024 Session –   August to September 2023  (approximately not confirmed)

Where to Find IGNOU Assignments Question Papers?

To find IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National Open University) assignments, you can follow these steps:

• Official IGNOU Website : Visit the official IGNOU website at  https://www.ignou.ac.in/ .
• Student Zone : Look for the “Student Zone” or “Student Support” section on the website. This section typically contains information and resources for students.
• Assignments Section : Within the Student Zone, search for the “Assignments” or “Assignment Submission” tab.
• Program Selection : Click on the relevant program or course for which you need assignments.
• Assignment Downloads : You will likely find a list of courses and their respective assignment questions in downloadable PDF format. Click on the course you are enrolled in to access the assignment questions.
• Download Assignments : Download the assignment questions for your course and save them to your device.

Please note that IGNOU’s website and procedures may change over time, so it’s a good idea to double-check the website for the most up-to-date information and assignment-related resources.

If you have specific questions or face difficulties, you can also contact your regional IGNOU center or academic counselor for assistance.

Preparing IGNOU Solved Assignments

Preparing IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National Open University) solved assignments is an essential part of your academic journey.

These assignments carry a significant weightage in your overall course grade, so it’s important to approach them seriously and make sure they are well-prepared.

Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to prepare IGNOU solved assignments:

• Read the Assignment Questions Carefully : Start by carefully reading the assignment questions provided in your study materials.
• Understand the Requirements : Ensure you understand the requirements of each question. Pay attention to the word limit, format, and any specific instructions given.
• Research and Study the Material : Review your study materials, textbooks, and any additional resources provided by IGNOU. Make sure you have a good grasp of the relevant concepts and topics.
• Organize Your Thoughts : Before you start writing, take some time to organize your thoughts. You can do this by creating an outline or jotting down key points you want to include in your answers.
• Start Writing : Begin writing your answers, keeping in mind the word limit. Be concise and to the point. Use clear and simple language to convey your ideas.
• Cite Your Sources : If you’re referencing any specific materials or textbooks, make sure to cite them properly. Follow the citation style recommended by IGNOU if applicable.
• Proofread and Edit : After completing your answers, proofread them for grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and clarity. Ensure your answers are well-structured and coherent.
• Format Your Assignment : Follow IGNOU’s formatting guidelines for assignments. This includes using the recommended font and font size, margins, and spacing.
• Include a Cover Page : Create a cover page for your assignment with essential details such as your name, enrollment number, program code, course code, and assignment submission date.
• Check for Plagiarism : It’s crucial to write your answers in your own words. Plagiarism can result in academic penalties. Use proper citation if you are quoting or paraphrasing from other sources.
• Submission : Submit your assignments on time as per the IGNOU guidelines. Make sure you keep a copy of your solved assignments for your records.
• Double-Check the Assignment Questions : Before submitting, go through the assignment questions one last time to ensure you have addressed all the points and requirements.
• Online Submission (if applicable) : If IGNOU has an online submission system, make sure to follow the submission procedure and upload your assignments as per their guidelines.
• Keep Track of Submission Receipt : After submission, make sure you have a receipt or confirmation of submission. This can be helpful in case of any disputes or issues.
• Maintain a Record : Keep copies of all your solved assignments, as well as any communication related to assignment submission, in case you need them for reference.

Remember that IGNOU takes assignments seriously, and they are a key component of your evaluation.

Take your time to prepare them diligently, seek help from tutors or study centers if needed, and ensure that your answers are original and well-crafted.

Tips for Scoring High 90+ in IGNOU Solved Assignment

Scoring high in IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National Open University) solved assignments requires careful planning, attention to detail, and a systematic approach. IGNOU assignments contribute significantly to your final grade, so it’s important to take them seriously.

Here are some tips to help you score well:

• First, understand the assignment questions : read them carefully and understand what is expected of you. Pay attention to any specific instructions provided.
• Next, research and study the material: consult the relevant course material provided by IGNOU. Ensure that you have a good understanding of the subject matter.
• In terms of time management , allocate sufficient time to complete your assignments well before the submission deadline. Procrastination can lead to rushed work and lower grades.
• Additionally, organize your thoughts: plan your answers before you start writing. Create an outline to structure your responses logically.
• Furthermore, focus on originality and plagiarism: avoid plagiarism at all costs. Use your own words and cite sources properly if you need to refer to external materials. IGNOU takes plagiarism seriously.
• Moreover, adhere to the word limit: stay within the specified word limit for each question. Going significantly over or under the word limit can result in point deductions.
• For clarity and conciseness, write clearly and concisely. Avoid unnecessary jargon or complex language. Use simple and precise language to convey your ideas.
• Lastly, in terms of presentation, follow IGNOU’s formatting guidelines for assignments, including font size, margins, and line spacing. Neatness and proper presentation can leave a good impression.
• Proofreading and Editing:  Carefully proofread your assignments to eliminate grammatical and spelling errors. Editing helps improve the overall quality of your work.
• Relevant Examples:  Support your answers with relevant examples, case studies, or real-life scenarios. This demonstrates a deeper understanding of the subject matter.
• Critical Thinking:  When appropriate, analyze the topic critically. Show your ability to think beyond the surface and provide insights.
• Referencing:  If your assignments require citations, use a consistent citation style (e.g., APA, MLA) and include a bibliography or reference list.
• Submission:  Submit your assignments by the specified deadline. Late submissions may result in penalties, including lower grades.
• Review IGNOU Guidelines:  Familiarize yourself with IGNOU’s assignment submission guidelines and academic integrity policies to avoid any inadvertent violations.
• Seek Help When Needed:  If you have doubts or difficulties with any assignment, don’t hesitate to seek help from your course coordinator, tutor, or fellow students.

Remember that IGNOU assignments are designed to assess your understanding of the course material.

Put in the effort to showcase your knowledge, critical thinking skills, and ability to communicate effectively.

By following these tips and adhering to IGNOU’s guidelines, you can increase your chances of scoring high in your assignments.

How to check you IGNOU assignment status?

First Visit the link Official IGNOU Website for Assignment Status –  https://admission.ignou.ac.in/changeadmdata/StatusAssignment.ASP .

• Enter Enrollment No. (9 Digit)* to check the status of your assignment, project, or practical submission.
• Enter the Program Code,
• Click the Submit Button, and our Status will appear.

Disclaimer/Special Note:

These are just the sample of the Answers/Solutions to some of the Questions given in the Assignments.

Moreover, private teachers, tutors, or authors prepare these sample answers/solutions to help and guide students in understanding how to answer the questions in their assignments.

Furthermore, we do not claim 100% accuracy of these sample answers as these are based on the knowledge and capability of the Private Teacher/Tutor.

In addition, students may view sample answers as a guide or reference for preparing their assignment answers.

Additionally, since private teachers/tutors prepare these solutions and answers, we cannot deny the possibility of errors or mistakes.

Despite taking every care in preparing these sample answers/solutions, we deeply regret any omissions or errors.

Hence, please consult your own Teacher/Tutor before you prepare a particular Answer and for up-to-date and exact information, data and solution.

Lastly, students should must read and refer the official study material provided by the university.

How to make IGNOU Solved Assignment ?

• Purchase IGNOU Solved Assignment:  You can easily purchase any IGNOU Solved Assignment from  ignousahayta.com
• Download the Assignment:  Once you have purchased the Solved Assignment, you must download it from the website.
• Read the Assignment:  After downloading the assignment, read it thoroughly to ensure that you understand the concepts and topics covered.
• Research the Topics:  Once you’ve grasped the concepts and topics, you should conduct research on them and gather relevant information from credible sources.
• Begin Writing the Assignment:  You can now begin writing the assignment. Make certain that you format the assignment in accordance with the IGNOU guidelines.
• Proofread the Assignment:  After completing the assignment, it is critical to proofread it for errors or omissions.
• Turn in the Assignment:  Finally, turn in the assignment to the university.

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Any queries please call And WhatsApp: 

NOTE:  HANDWRITING ALSO AVAILABLE

“Students are not required to take the stress if they are not interested in writing IGNOU solved assignments. We will write and give you the completed assignments; however, you must order us ahead of time; the number is provided on the website. We will send post assignments to any students who are not native English speakers.”

Any Query please Contact On WhatsApp- 9311280949 NOTE :- Handwritten Assignment also Available

IMPORTANT DATES

We give the specific dates for submission below:-

Last Date Of Assignment submission

Dear Sir/Madame:

• Because of their 30% weightage in final marks, good quality assignments help students gain a higher percentage.
• Previous year assignments are also available; please call or WhatsApp 9311280949 or email [email protected] for more information.
• All assignments are in PDF format and will be emailed to you shortly after payment. Paytm, Google Pay, PhonePe, 9311280949
• 100% refund guarantee in the event of a dispute or mismatch.

Dear Student: How to Buy Assignments:

• Following a successful order, a PDF copy of the Assignment will be sent to you via email or, in some cases, WhatsApp.
• Complete the checkout process by selecting a payment method, such as a credit card, a debit card, internet banking, Paytm, Google Pay, Phone Pay, or UPI@. (We are a fully secured SSL-enabled website)
• Choose your subject code or multiple subjects by clicking the add to cart button on each assignment page.
• Fill in your contact information, such as your name, address, email address, phone number, and so on. (It is required, and we respect your privacy; your data is secure with us.)

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IGNOUHelp.in

A Leading Portal for IGNOU Students

IGNOU Previous Year Question Paper (PDF Download)

IGNOU Previous Year Question Paper Download – The candidates who are going to appear in the upcoming term end examination June 2024 can now download the PDF of the question papers of the previous year or semester. The candidates can explore the list of available sample papers and find out their program from the list available to start the downloading process. Candidates will have access to the previous session samples papers of all IGNOU courses for the preparation of their upcoming examinations. We have uploaded here all IGNOU Previous Year Question Paper which were asked in the previous TEE sessions conducted by the university. It will be helpful for those candidates who going to appear in the TEE June 2024 or December 2024.

IGNOU Previous Year Question Paper

IGNOU Old Question Papers not only help to understand the examination pattern of a particular subject but also help to boost the overall marking in the term end examination. We recommend all our candidates to download at least 3 to 5 previous year question papers of their program and solve all of them with the help of IGNOU Study Material . We have uploaded the question papers of both the Term end examinations; June and December so that you don’t miss any new updates and pattern changes.

Our team has uploaded the given sample papers only to help our IGNOU students and our only objective is to get the best marks in each paper by each and every student to achieve their favorable goals in the future. We have added all the session papers at only one link so that students do not need to search each session differently but they get all papers at only one page which becomes the time-saving method.

List of ignou previous year question papers.

The students can check out the collection of old and sample papers for the IGNOU Previous Term-end Examination. Candidates only need to find their program from the list and get started to download their preferred question papers to their devices. After that, don’t forget to solve previous question papers while you are preparing for your upcoming examination conducted by IGNOU.

IGNOU Master Degree Question Paper

IGNOU Bachelor Degree Question Paper

IGNOU PG Diploma Question Paper

IGNOU PG Certificate Question Paper

IGNOU Diploma Question Paper

IGNOU Certificate Question Paper

IGNOU Awareness & Appreciation Program Question Paper

How To Download IGNOU Question Paper?

The candidates have to follow the given process to download IGNOU Previous Question Paper on their mobile or desktop.

Step-1 Search your program and Click the link.

Step-2 Here, Select the TEE session you want and Click on it.

Step-3 Here, Search your subject using browser’s search bar and Click the link.

Step-4 Now, you can click the Download link to download each subject’s question paper on your device.

Advantage of Solving IGNOU Previous Year Question Paper

A lot of students do not consider practicing previous question papers and think that they can score well just by going through the modules. Of course, many such students pass their exams using IGNOU’s modules, and solving IGNOU’s previous year’s question papers has their own benefits.

• Understanding Question Paper Format:

When you practice the previous year’s question paper, you come across the exact question paper format that you will encounter during your exam. When you are aware of the format, it takes you less time and effort during the exam to understand the format and then start the exam.

• Understanding Question Types:

You can also come to know the type of questions that IGNOU will create for you during the exams. When you come to know the question types, you can practice more of such questions from many other resources such as mock test papers to be prepared for the exam in the best possible way.

• Time Management:

Experts advise practicing the question papers and keeping a timer with the time mentioned on the question paper. As you keep on practicing, you will come to know how to manage time well during the exam to answer all the questions comfortably.

• Getting Common Questions:

It has been noticed that students who practice the previous year’s question papers often get common questions in the exams. No doubt, when you get a common question, a smile runs through your face because you know that you have practiced this question and can answer it in the most potential manner.

• Boosts Confidence:

When you are aware of the time strategy, and question format, and get common questions, it helps boost your confidence. When you answer the questions with higher confidence, the chances of scoring high increases.

The Correct Way to Practice IGNOU Previous Year Question Paper

Just practicing the previous year’s question papers is not enough. You should also know the right ways to practice it. Here are some of the ways how you can benefit from practicing the previous year’s question papers in the right way.

• Complete your Syllabus First:

One of the common mistakes that most students make is that they start practicing the question papers before completing the syllabus. You cannot take the chance that you will get common questions. So, you must always complete your syllabus first and then should start practicing.

• Practice with a Timer:

Keep a timer with a time set according to the time mentioned on the question paper. Practice with a timer so that you can match your time during the exam.

• Correct the Mistakes and take a Test Again:

Check your answers and correct your mistakes. Take a re-test of the questions for which you have made a mistake to polish them.

• Practice as Many as Possible:  

The most important point is that you should practice as many question papers as possible. The more you practice, the higher your chances are high to getting common questions during the exam.

IGNOU Previous Year Question Paper: FAQs

Q1. How To Download IGNOU Question Paper? Answer: Candidates can search their program from the link given and click on the download to get started the downloading of question paper.

Q2. How to Solve IGNOU Question Papers? Answer: The candidates can get a help from IGNOU Study Material to effectively solve IGNOU Question Papers.

Q3. What is the Purpose of IGNOU Previous Year/Sem Question Papers? Answer: IGNOU Previous Year/Sem Question Papers serve the purpose of understanding the paper style or pattern for a specific examination.

Q4. Is It Recommended to Solve Previous Year Question Papers? Answer: Yes, it is highly recommended to solve previous session question papers as they can contribute to additional marks in exams.

Q5. Does IGNOU repeat questions from previous year? Answer: Yes, IGNOU can repeat some of the questions so there are high chances that you can get common questions if you practice a good number of previous year’s question papers.

Q6. Does IGNOU exam question come from assignment? Answer: Usually, both exam questions and assignment questions are there from the modules only. So, it is possible that you can get a question in your exam that you may have found in your assignment.

Q7. Are previous year questions enough for IGNOU? Answer: No, you must always target completing the whole syllabus along with practicing the question papers so that you do not miss out on any questions during the exam.

78 thoughts on “IGNOU Previous Year Question Paper (PDF Download)”

How can I get study material for MSCEV-2024 in printed form.

plz previous questions papers PGDVS

there are no previous year question papers for BAPCH course

Sir/Maam Please Upload Old Questions Papers for MSCRWEE MSc( Renewable Energy and Environment).

No previous question paper for MAJMC. Please upload.

please upload MAJY(M.A jyotish) previous years question paper..

please upload PGDET previous 3 year question papers.

Dear IGNOU Team please update the Question paper from 2017 to 2022 for Mcom

Are there any past papers for MA Sanskrit available? If so please upload these.

Please uploded MAJY MA jyotish pepar s

Please upload MAJY previous questions papers

No previous year question paper for bscg please upload

Sir please upload the MCA june 2022 question paper and also solve ans,

book toh dete hi nahi pase pure bhar dete hai tab bhi

books toh dete h lkn paper hone ke baad.

Hi, Theres no previous question for the program BBARIL. Please upload those, it would be great help.

Sir please upload the previous year question papers of ma Urdu ist year please

yes sir please upload

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IGNOU FST-01 Solved Assignment Free Download 2021 Fundamental in Science & Technology

If you want to download Ignou FST-01 Solved Assignment 2021 than you are at very right place. All IGNOU B.Sc study materials & solved Assignments are present on our Site. FST-01 FOUNDATION COURSE IN SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Comes under Science Section of Bachelor’s Degree Programme in Science (B.Sc.). Click on the bell icon to subscribe our website you will get fastest updates about Latest Ignou news, alerts, results, study materials, admission related information.

Download IGNOU Assignment Front Page Format

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IGNOU FST-01 FOUNDATION COURSE IN SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Solved Assignment

Indira Gandhi National and Open University (IGNOU) conducts the IGNOU TEE exam in the month of December 2020 and June 2021. Every year, the exam board will carry out the exam to the students as per schedule mention in the exam date sheet. Before that, the students must submit the given solved assignment to IGNOU. IGNOU will provide the collection of assignment questions to the students before the commencement of the exam. The exam board of IGNOU will issue the assignment questions to the students based on their course preferred by them. The assignment questions will be asked from the desired subjects of the students. The assignment questions will be given to all students in this university by the exam board of IGNOU. If the students didn’t get any assignment, then the students need to download the assignment from the official site. The students must find the answer for all given questions in the assignment. Because, the exam board will consider the assignment marks for TEE examination. The students should provide the valid answers for all the questions in the assignment questions. 

In this Post You an download IGNOU Solved assignment of FST-01 for free. These assignments are 100% free, You will not be charged any amount. Just click on the direct link to download.

Alert:- IGNOU TEE December 2019 Exam Form Apply Online

Last Date to Submit Ignou FST-01   Solved Assignment 2021

30th April 2021 for the students appearing in June 2021 Term End Examination 31st March 2020 for the students appearing in June 2020 Term End Examination

Download your IGNOU ID Card

Instructions for Formatting Your FST-01 Assignment

• Your front page of the assignment cover should be formatted. To download Formatted Front page CLICK HERE 
• Use only foolscap size writing paper for writing your answers.
•  Leave a 4 cm margin on the left, top and bottom of your answer sheet.
• Your answers should be precise.
•  While writing answers clearly indicate the Question No. and its part, if any, that is being answered.
• The response to this assignment is to be submitted to the Coordinator of your Study Centre as per the dates given below: By 31st March for June Term End Examination, and By 30th September for December Term End Examination.
•  Please keep a copy of your assignment response for your record and reference.

Download FST-01 FOUNDATION COURSE IN SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Solved Assignment Free 2021

Details of the assignments are as follows:-.

Course Code : FST-01 Programme name – FOUNDATION COURSE IN SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Assignment Code : FST-1/TMA/2019 Total Marks : 100

Also Check- IGNOU FEG-02 Solved assignment 2021 Download Free

If You Liked the FST-01 solved assignment and want to get notifications of new Solved assignments, Results or Notice click on the bell icon located on your right side. If you are not able to download Ignou FST-01 solved assignment Click Here

Note: – These answers should just be treated as reference, not the final answer to be written in assignments. Just do not directly copy it in your assignments

Must Check:- Ignou FEG-01 Solved Assignment 2019-20 Download free

Guidelines to make an Assignment 

There are number of guidelines which are given by staff members and mention at the top of assignment. Every candidate should follow all guidelines while writing to answer of each question. If you have missed any of guideline, then your marks will affect.

Guidelines are detailed below and take a look on all guidelines:

All students must have to read the complete assignment atleast one time with all questions and their marks

Word limit for each type question is given and write answers based on word limit. Exceed limit of words is accepted but less limit is not accepted

Candidates have to submit the solution of assignment in hand written format

You should have to write answer in your language and do not try to copy paste answers from the study material or books. Read the answer first, understand it and then write it.

Also Read – IGNOU Mark sheet Dispatch Status Online & Duplicate Grade Card & Certificates

Important IGNOU Mostly Asked Questions

Thanking you for watching our post and supporting our site – IGNOU News . We promise that we will make available more updates in our latest post in the regular basis.

21 Comments

no mam nhi he

Where is link for assignment submission. Please provide to me link

Plzz give the link of IGNOU FST-01 assignment of bcom 2nd year 2019-2020

If u download the assignment question paper for 2019 2020 for subject FST01 please then send me the questions paper on my what’s app no 7889899109

Yes number bhej doo aapka 2018 2019 2020 assignment bhej dooga aapke pass

pls provied me FST-01 assignment questions peaper. for june examinations

Plzz provide me eco06 b.com 2nd year 2019-2020 solved assignment plzzz

Please provode to me link for assignment submission

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IGNOU Solved Assignment

STUDENT HELP CARE

• IGNOU PROJECT REPORT
• IGNOU QUESTION PAPER
• IGNOU BA SOLVED ASSIGNMENTS
• IGNOU MA SOLVED ASSIGNMENTS

IGNOU BLI | BLIS SOLVED ASSIGNMENT 2019-20

If you are searching out Ignou BLIS solved assignment 2019-20 free of cost download pdf? So this platform is the best for Ignou assignments for 2019-2020.  Here we are able to offer you the entire statistics about Ignou BLIS solved assignment 2019-20 free of cost download pdf. We will provide all the Ignou BLIS solved assignment 2019-20 free of cost download pdf for all courses.

The Bachelor’s Degree Programme in Library and Information Science (BLIS) was commenced via IGNOU in 1989 in reaction to the call for a massive quantity of educated human assets in the subject of library and statistics activities. Such human sources are required to occupy numerous positions in libraries, documentation facilities, and information facilities/establishments within the united states at diverse degrees.

Session: July 2019- January 2020

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Bachelor of Library and Information Science (BLIS)

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IGNOU Solved Assignment Submission Last Date for 2019-20

For Dec 2019 Exam: 30th September 2019

For June 2020 Exam: 31st March 2020

For Dec 2019 Exam: 30th September 2020

IGNOU Assignments –

The examination relating to BLIS Degree has two components:

i) Continuous Evaluation (CE) 30% weightage

ii) Term End Examination (TEE) 70% weightage

CE is associated with the assignments that each student has to publish before being declared eligible to seem for the TEE. There could be one venture each for all the courses. The mission for the route BLIE-227 is practical handiest. In the courses, BLI-224- 225, and BLIE-228-229 there is a realistic component also. A scholar has to cozy minimal pass marks (40%) inside the assignments. The assessment of the performance of the student in Tutor Marked Assignments (TMAs) can be done through the counselors and marks will be offered to every scholar. A student of BLIS Programme is required to comfortable at the least 40% marks in continuous evaluation of a path and 40% in Term End Examination (TEE) of that route separately for you to turn out to be eligible for award of Bachelor’s Degree in Library and Information Science.

On the basis of the aggregate marks obtained in all the courses (theory and practicals) the division will be awarded as under:

Division Aggregate

• 1st 60% and above
• 2nd 50% and above
• Pass 40% and above

Candidates who reap marks underneath forty% or who leave out attending the TEE may additionally appear at the following TEE and whole the Programme. This facility could be to be had to the students until she/he secures a pass percentage in all courses neglected earlier. But, the maximum period furnished for a scholar to complete the Bachelor Degree Programme in Library and facts technology is 4 years from the date of her/his registration into the Programme. In case a scholar isn’t always able to cozy the skip percentage in four years, s/he has to re-check in as a fresh candidate, in case s/he desires to pursue the Programme.

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MCO-21: Managerial Economics

Ignou solved assignment solution for 2022-23, if you are looking for mco-21 ignou solved assignment solution for the subject managerial economics, you have come to the right place. mco-21 solution on this page applies to 2022-23 session students studying in mcommafs, mcom courses of ignou., looking to download all solved assignment pdfs for your course together, mco-21 solved assignment solution by gyaniversity.

Assignment Code: MCO-021/TMA/2022

Course Code: MCO-021

Assignment Name: Managerial Economics

Verification Status: Verified by Professor

1.“The Equi-Marginal Principle can be applied to both consumption as well as production.” Discuss this statement with the help of an example.(20)

Ans ) According to this theory, different steps should be done until each route provides an equal marginal benefit in relation to its cost. The statement that a The decision-maker would employ or organise his resources in such a way as to maximise returns while minimising the marginal costs of various applications of a given resource or of several resources when put to the same use. For instance, a consumer who wants to obtain the most enjoyment out of his consumption expenditure on the goods and services that best suit his needs.

𝑀𝑈1 / 𝑀𝐶1 = 𝑀𝑈2 / 𝑀𝐶2 = ………= 𝑀𝑈n / 𝑀𝐶n

Where 𝑀𝑈1 = marginal utility from good one,

𝑀𝐶1 = marginal cost of good one and so on,

A factory that wants to maximise its profits would implement a manufacturing strategy that would guarantee

𝑀𝑅𝑃1 / 𝑀𝐶1 = 𝑀𝑅𝑃2 / 𝑀𝐶2 = ……… 𝑀𝑅𝑃n / 𝑀𝐶n

Where 𝑀𝑅𝑃1 = Marginal revenue product of input one (e.g., Labour), 𝑀𝐶1 = Marginal cost of input one and so on.

It is simple to understand that the decision-makers might increase his utility/profit by rearranging his resources/input if the aforementioned equation was not met. e.g., if 𝑀𝑈1 / 𝑀𝐶1 > 𝑀𝑈2 / 𝑀𝐶2 the consumer would add to his utility by buying more of good one and less of good two. This rule is summarised in the table for various sellers.

Example: A multi-commodity consumer wants to buy increasing quantities of commodities A, B, and C. The consumer is required to purchase a combination including all three things because the cost of each unit is the same. Due to his limited purchasing power, he is only able to purchase a total of six units. Once more, he is a victim of declining marginal utility, meaning that when he possesses more of something, he wants to use it less.

In the real world, equi-incrementalism frequently needs to take the place of the concept of equi-marginalism. This is due to the fact that changes in the actual world are often lumpy or discrete, making the concept of marginal change not always applicable. However, the decision rule or optimal principle won't alter; only little, gradual changes will be made in its place.

2.(a) Explain the demand function for a particular product.(10)

Ans ) The variables that are thought to affect the demand for a given product are listed by the demand function. Numerous variables, not always the same for every one of them, may influence the demand for certain items. This section presents a generic demand function that takes into account some of the most prevalent factors that influence demand. Some of these might not, however, be applicable for any specific product.

As a result, any attempt by the company to forecast demand for a product using the demand function will necessitate some preliminary information, or at the very least, educated speculation, about the forces that are likely to have an impact. The demand function is expressed as follows:

Qd = f (Po, Pc, Ps, Yd, T, A, CR, R, E, N, 0)

The function's first three parameters are related to cost. They are, respectively, the product's own price (Po), the price of complements (Pc), and the price of replacements (Ps). In the case of a good's own price, the expected relationship would be that demand decreases as price increases and increases as price decreases.

The term "disposable income," or "the amount of money that people have available to spend," denotes the fourth variable in the demand function. More people will be able to purchase goods because of rising disposable income levels, which will increase demand for the majority of goods. This naturally presupposes that they are "regular" items, whose purchases rise with rising income levels as opposed to "inferior" commodities, whose purchases fall as wealth rises. Of course, how that money is spent will determine how changes in disposable income affect the demand for specific goods. This is the crucial point where the fifth variable, tastes (T), must be considered. Although a variety of factors may play a role, tastes might vary dramatically over time.

The following collection of variables, the A variable, is related to levels of advertising and represents the intensity of own product advertising, the intensity of advertising for replacements, and the intensity of advertising for complements. Expectations are represented by the letter E in the demand function. Expectations on changes in income and prices may be included in this. CR and Rare were associated variables as well. While the latter indicates the interest rate, or the cost of credit, the former stands for the availability of credit.

The importance of these factors will be greatest when purchasing consumer durable goods, The term "N" refers to the quantity of potential clients. There is probably a target market for every product, whose size will differ. Age or geographic location may have an impact on the quantity of potential customers. For instance, the quantity and variety of toys sold in a given nation will depend on its demographic makeup, in this case, the number and age of children living there. Finally, we reach 0, which stands for any other random elements that might affect the demand for a specific product.

(b) Differentiate between individual and market demand curve. (10)

Ans ) In economics, demand is the desire for the commodity supported by the willingness of the consumer to spend money to buy that commodity and the ability of the consumer to get the commodity.

Demand Curve : On a graph, one can draw the demand curve for any commodity by plotting the various combinations of price and demand, wherein price will be an independent variable and is taken on Y-axis, whereas quantity demanded will be a dependent variable which is plotted on X-axis.

3.“An analytical tool frequently employed by managerial economists is the break-even chart which is an important application of cost functions.” Explain this statement.(20)

Ans ) An analytical tool frequently employed by managerial economists is the breakeven chart, an

important application of cost functions. The breakeven chart illustrates at what level of output in

the short run, the total revenue just covers total costs. Generally, a breakeven chart assumes that

the firm’s average variable costs are constant in the relevant output range; hence, the firm’s total

cost function is assumed to be a straight line. Since variable cost is constant, the marginal cost is

also, constant and equals to average variable cost.

Here, it is assumed that the price of the product will not be affected by the quantity of sales. Therefore, the total revenue is proportional to output. Consequently, the total revenue curve is a straight line through the origin. The firm’s fixed cost is ₹500, variable cost per unit is ₹4 and the unit sales price of output is ₹5. The break-even chart, which combines the total cost function and the total revenue curve, shows profit or loss resulting from each sales. if the firm sells 200 units of output it will make a loss of ₹300. The chart also shows the breakeven point, the output level that must be reached if the firm is to avoid losses. The breakeven point is 500 units of output. Beyond 500 units of output the firm makes profit.

Breakeven charts are used extensively for managerial decision process. Under right conditions,

breakeven charts can produce useful projections of the effect of the output rate on costs, revenue

and profits. For example, a firm may use breakeven chart to determine the effect of projected

decline in sales or profits.

On the other hand, the firm may use it to determine how many units

of a particular product it must sell in order to breakeven or to make a particular level of profit.

However, breakeven charts must be used with caution, since the assumptions underlying them,

sometimes, may not be appropriate. If the product price is highly variable or if costs are difficult

to predict, the estimated total cost function and revenue curves may be subject to these errors.

We can analyse the breakeven output with familiar algebraic equations.

TC = TFC + TVC {AVC TVC/Q so, TVC=AVC*Q}

At breakeven point, TR = TC

P * Q = TFC + (AVC *Q)

Q TFC/P-AVC=Total Fixed cost/Price-Variable cost per unit

Here Q stands for breakeven volume of output. Multiplying Q with price (P) we get the breakeven value of output. In the case of our example given in Figure 8.4, TFC = ₹500, P = ₹5 and AVC = ₹4. Consequently,

Q=500/5-4=500/1=500

Therefore, the breakeven output (Q) will be 500 units. Similarly, the breakeven output value will be ₹2500 (P * Q = ₹5 * 500).

4.Oligopoly is the most prevalent form of market structure in the manufacturing sector. Explain with the help of an example.(20)

Ans ) The term "oligopoly" refers to a type of market organisation where there are few vendors of a uniform or differentiating good. We have a duopoly if there are just two sellers. In the case of a homogeneous product, oligopoly is pure. We have a differentiated oligopoly if the product is distinct. It is not simple to enter an oligopolistic market, but it is doable.

The most common type of market organisation in the industrial sector of most countries, including India, is oligopoly. Automobiles, primary aluminium, steel, electrical equipment, glass, breakfast cereals, cigarettes, and many more are oligopolistic sectors in India. While some of these products are differentiated, others are homogeneous. When transportation costs restrict the market's size, oligopoly also exists. For instance, competition is restricted to the few regional producers in a given area, despite the fact that India has a large number of cement makers.

Due to the small number of companies selling in oligopolistic markets with homogeneous or differentiated production, each company's actions have an impact on the other companies in the sector and vice versa. For instance, Ford and Maruti quickly responded with their own price rebates after General Motors introduced them in the sale of its cars. Furthermore, oligopolists typically prefer to compete on the basis of product differentiation, promotion, and service because price competition can result in disastrous price wars. These are known as non-price competitive situations. But even here, Ford and Maruti are expected to quickly counter if GM launches a significant advertising effort. Early in the 1980s, Pepsi launched a sizable advertising effort, to which Coca-Cola in the US responded by launching a sizable advertising campaign of its own.

From what has been discussed, it is evident that the interdependent rivalry amongst companies in the industry is what makes oligopoly unique. This is the inevitable outcome of rarity. Each oligopolist must take into account the potential response of rivals when deciding its pricing policies, the level of product differentiation to introduce, the level of advertising to be undertaken, the amount of service to provide, etc. This is because each oligopolist is aware that its own actions will have a significant impact on the other oligopolists in the industry.

We have multiple oligopoly models, each based on the unique behavioural responses of competitors to the acts of the first, because competitors can react in a variety of ways. Because of this dependency, management decision-making in an oligopoly is significantly more complicated than it is in other market structures. The most significant oligopoly models are presented in the section that follows. But we must remember that each model is, at most, incomplete.

In general, oligopoly derives from the same sources as monopoly. As a result, only a few companies may supply the entire market due to economies of scale operating over a sufficiently wide range of outputs; huge capital investments and specialised inputs are typically needed to enter an oligopolistic industry, which serves as a significant natural barrier to entry; a small number of companies may hold a patent for the exclusive right to produce a good or to use a specific production process; and established firms may have a devoted following of custodians.

The aforementioned factors not only contribute to oligopoly but also act as long-term roadblocks for other businesses looking to enter the market. The industry could not last as an oligopoly if entrance were not so constrained. Limit pricing, whereby current businesses charge a price low enough to deter entrance into the industry, creates an additional barrier to entry. They voluntarily give up short-term revenues in order to increase long-term profits by doing this.

Oligopolies can be categorised according on the kind of product they create, as was previously discussed. They may be distinct or homogeneous. Television, vehicles, etc. fall under heterogeneous oligopoly while steel, aluminium, etc. are homogeneous oligopolies. The kind of product produced may have an impact on how oligopolists act strategically.

According to economists, there are two types of oligopolist behaviour that are in contradiction to one another: cooperative oligopolists, which follow the pattern set by competitor companies, and non-cooperative oligopolists, which do not. If one company, for instance, increases the price of its product, other companies may choose to keep their prices low in an effort to entice customers away from the higher-priced company. However, as was already mentioned, pricing is not the sole aspect of competition. Advertising, product quality, and other marketing tactics are actually additional aspects on which the businesses compete.

5.Write short notes on the following: (20)

(a) Price Discrimination

Ans ) Price discrimination is frequently referred to as monopolistic price discrimination in economic parlance. This description is accurate since price discrimination is impossible in an equilibrium, fully competitive market. Price discrimination cannot exist in a market with monopoly power. When you consider the notion of price discrimination—the act of charging different prices to different consumers for the same good—this issue appears to be unimportant. Consumers would simply purchase goods from the lowest sellers in a competitive market, and producers would sell their goods to the highest bidders, and that would be the end of it.

However, when a company has monopoly power, it may be able to offer various terms to various customers, dividing the market—a process known as market segmentation. The practise of charging various prices for the same product by a monopoly corporation is known as price discrimination. Because it has the ability to regulate pricing by adjusting its output, the monopolistic firm is able to discriminate between various customers by charging them various prices. Since there are no close substitutes for its product, customers have little choice but to purchase from it.

First Degree Price Discrimination, Second Degree Price Discrimination, and Third Degree Price Discrimination are the three different types of price discrimination. First-degree price discrimination occurs when a monopolist sets different prices for various units of production based on the consumer's willingness to pay. For instance, a surgeon who is the only super specialist in the area may charge various patients different fees depending on their ability to pay. Second-degree price discrimination occurs when a monopolist sets different prices for various quantities of the same good.

(b) Bundling

Ans ) Bundling occurs when products or services that may be sold separately are offered as a package. It is the practise of selling two or more distinct products together for a single price.

The following is a codification of bundling procedures and descriptions of selling tactics:

Pure bundling: Products can only be purchased in bundles.

Mixed-bundling: Products are offered as bundles and separately.

Tying : The purchase of another goods, typically an additional complimentary product, is necessary in order to acquire the primary product.

Although not comprehensive, this list does include the most typical situations. Selling two products only as a package rather than separately is known as pure bundling.

For instance, Microsoft Office 365 is a collection of numerous programmes, including Word, Excel, Access, PowerPoint, Outlook, OneNote, and others. These applications must be purchased in a bundle; you cannot purchase them separately. Because some apps are more in demand than others, Microsoft has adopted this strategy.

Financial bundling is now commonplace. For many businesses, manufacturing is now the lowest-profit link in the chain. To put it another way, give away the product and profit on the financing that comes with it. Numerous automakers are offering financing and pairing the vehicle with loans in India as well. Consumers may benefit from bundling. It can lower the producer's distribution expenses as well as "search costs." "Transaction costs" are lower.

Additionally, the producer may be a more effective bundler than the consumer because few people opt to purchase the various components of a computer in order to assemble them themselves. Bundling should only take place in perfectly competitive markets if it is more cost-effective than selling the products individually.

(c) Time-series analysis

Ans ) Quantifying associations between variables can be done using regression analysis, as previously mentioned. However, if the regression model has a lot of independent variables, data gathering could be challenging. Time-series analysis is an alternate technique for predicting future values when variations in a variable exhibit discernible patterns across time.   Finding the elements of data change is the main goal of time-series analysis.

These parts are often categorised into four groups:

Seasonality.

Circular patterns.

Fluctuation at random.

A long-term rise or fall in the variable is referred to be a trend. For instance, although the trend for endangered animals, like the tiger, is negative, India's population time series shows an upward tendency. Changes that come along on a predictable schedule are represented by the seasonal component. Seasonality can be seen in the spike in umbrella sales that occurs during the rainy season.

A time series' analysis may indicate the existence of cyclical patterns, which are characterised as extended intervals of high values followed by low values. This category includes business cycles. Finally, random fluctuations are responsible for the remaining variance in a variable that does not exhibit any discernible pattern. Time-series data can be analysed using a variety of techniques to identify trends, seasonality, and other cyclical patterns. However, variations in the variable brought on by random events are by definition unpredictable.

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• PG Diploma in Translation (PGDT) (Revised)
• PG DIPLOMA IN MENTAL HEALTH (PGDMH)
• PG Diploma in Development Studies (PGDDVS)
• Post Graduate Diploma(Vastushastra) (PGDVS)
• Post Graduate Diploma in Agribusiness (PGDAB)
• PG DIPLOMA IN ELECTRONIC MEDIA (PGDEME)
• Post Graduate Diploma in Digital Media (PGDIDM)
• Post Graduate Diploma in Counselling (PGDCOUN)
• Post-Graduate Diploma in Adult Education (PGDAE)
• Post-Graduate Diploma in Book Publishing (PGDBP)
• Post Graduate Diploma in Criminal Justice (PGDCJ)
• Post Graduate Diploma in HIV Medicine (PGDHIVM)
• PG Diploma in Sanskrit Sahitya mein Vigyan (PGSKT)
• Post Graduate Diploma in Applied Statistics (PGDAST)
• Post Graduate Diploma in Geriatric Medicine (PGDGM)
• Post Graduate Diploma in Rural Development (PGDRD)
• POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN THE NOVEL (PGDNOV)
• Post Graduate Diploma in Analytical Chemistry (PGDAC)
• Post Graduate Diploma in Sustainability Science (PGDSS)
• Post Graduate Diploma in Disaster Management (PGDDM)
• Post Graduate Diploma in Environmental Studies (PGDEVS)
• PGD/MA Degree in Women’s and Gender Studies (PGDWGS)
• Post Graduate Diploma in Pre-primary Education(PGDPPEd)
• POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN GEOINFORMATICS (PGDGI)
• Post Graduate Diploma in Gandhi and Peace Studies ( PGDGPS )
• Post Graduate Diploma in Maternal and Child Health (PGDMCH)
• POST GRADUATION DIPLOMA IN HIGHER EDUCATION PGDHE
• POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN DISTANCE EDUCATION (PGDDE)
• POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN WRITINGS FROM INDIA (PGDWI)
• POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN INDUSTRIAL SAFETY (PGDINDS)
• Post Graduate Diploma in Rural Development (online) (PGDRDOL)
• POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN BRITISH LITERATURE (PGDBLT)
• Post Graduate Diploma in Corporate Social Responsibility (PGDCSR)
• Post Graduate Diploma in Counselling and Family Therapy (PGDCFT)
• POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN AMERICAN LITERATURE (PGDAML)
• Post Graduate Diploma in Women’s and Gender Studies (PGDWGS-R)
• Post Graduate Diploma in International Business Operations (PGDIBO)
• Post Graduate Diploma in Pharmaceutical Sales Management (PGDPSM)
• POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY (PGDET)
• Post Graduate Diploma in Urban Planning and Development (PGDUPDL)
• Post Graduate Diploma in Hospital and Health management (PGDHHM)
• Post Graduate Diploma in Library Automation and Networking (PGDLAN)
• Post Graduate Diploma in Journalism and Mass Communication (PGJMC)
• Post-Graduate Diploma in School Leadership and Management (PGDSLM)
• PG DIPLOMA IN FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT (PGDFSQM)
• Post Graduate Diploma in Environmental Management and Law (PGDEML)
• Post Graduate Diploma in Population and Family Health Studies (PGDPFHS)
• POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICTAION (PGDDC)
• Post Graduate Diploma in Environmental and Occupational Health(PGDEOH)
• POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN WRITINGS FROM THE MARGINS (PGDWM)
• POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN NEW LITERATURES IN ENGLISH (PGDNLEG)
• Post-Graduate Diploma in Environment and Sustainable Development (PGDESD)
• POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN FOLKLORE AND CULTURE STUDIES (PGDFCS)
• POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (PGDIPR)
• Post Graduate Diploma in Educational Management and Administration (PGDEMA)
• Post Graduate Diploma Programme in Sindhi-Hindi-Sindhi Translation (P.G.D.S.H.S.T.)
• Post Graduate Diploma in Early Childhood and Foundational Stage Education (PGDECFE)
• POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN ADVERTISING AND INTEGRATED COMMUNICATIONS (PGDAIC)

Diploma Programmes

• Diploma in Theatre Arts (DTH)
• Diploma in Horticulture (DHORT)
• Diploma in Tourism Studies (DTS)
• Diploma in Teaching German (DTG)
• DIPLOMA IN DAIRY TECHNOLOGY (DDT)
• Diploma in Critical Care Nursing (DCCN)
• Diploma in Event Management (DEVMT)
• Diploma in Nursing Administration (DNA)
• DIPLOMA IN PARALEGAL PRACTICE (DIPP)
• Diploma in Creative Writing in English (DCE)
• Diploma in HIV and Family Education (DAFE)
• DIPLOMA IN WATERSHED MANAGEMENT (DWM)
• Diploma Programme in Value Education (DPVE)
• Diploma in Agriculture Cost Management (DACM)
• Diploma in Nutrition and Health Education (DNHE)
• Diploma in Modern Office Practice Programme (DMOP)
• Diploma in Early Childhood Care and Education (DECE)
• Diploma in Apparel Merchandising – Applied (DAPMERA)
• Diploma in Smart City Development and Management (DSCDM)
• DIPLOMA IN PANCHAYAT LEVEL ADMINISTRATION AND DEVELOPMENT (DPLAD)
• DIPLOMA IN VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS FROM FRUITS AND VEGETABLES (DVAPFV)
• DIPLOMA PROGRAMME IN WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT AND DEVELOPMENT (DWED)
• DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING -FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING (DBPOFA)

Certificate Programmes

• Certificate in Bee Keeping (CIB)
• Certificate in Vedic Ganit (CVG)
• Certificate in Sericulture (CIS)
• Certificate in FIRST AID (CFAID)
• Certificate in Human Rights (CHR)
• CERTIFICATE IN GUIDANCE (CIG)
• Certificate in Poultry Farming (CPF)
• Certificate in Visual Arts- Painting 
• Certificate in Tourism Studies (CTS)
• Certificate in Organic Farming (COF)
• Certificate in Fashion Design (CFDE)
• Certificate Programme in Yoga (CPY)
• Certificate in NGO Management (CNM)
• Certificate in Food and Nutrition (CFN)
• Certificate in Rural Development (CRD)
• Certificate in Gender and Science (CGSCI) 
• Certificate in Information Technology (CIT)
• CERTIFICATE IN GENDER IN LAW (CGSL)
• Certificate in Nutrition and Childcare (CNCC)
• Certificate in Apparel Merchandising CAPMER
• CERTIFICATE IN GERMAN LANGUAGE [CGL]
• Certificate in HIV and Family Education CAFE
• Certificate in Korean Language & Culture CKLC
• Certificate Programme in French Language CFL
• Certificate Program in Indian Chronology (CBKG)
• Certificate Programme in Functional English CFE
• Certificate Programme in Value Education (CPVE)
• Certificate in Rural Development (online) (CRDOL)
• Certificate in Health Care Waste Management (CHCWM)
• CERTIFICATE IN ANTI HUMAN TRAFFICKING (CAHT)
• Certificate in Adolescent Health and Counselling (CAHC)
• Certificate of Performing Arts- Hindustani Music( CPAHM)
• Certificate in Water Harvesting and Management (CWHM)
• BPCCHN/CCH (Certificate in Community Health for Nurses)
• Certificate in Communication and IT Skills programme (CCITSK)
• Certificate in Social Work and Criminal Justice System (CSWCJS)
• CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT (CDM)
• CERTIFICATE IN INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW (CIHL)
• Advanced Certificate in Power Distribution Management (ACPDM)
• ADVANCED CERTIFICATE IN INFORMATION SECURITY (ACISE)
• Certificate Programme in Library and Information Science (CLIS)BLII
• CERTIFICATE IN SPANISH LANGUAGE AND CULTURE (CSLC) (CSLCOL)
• Certficate Programme in Teaching of Primary School Mathematics (CTPM)
• Certificate in Co-operation, Co-operative Law and Business Laws (CCLBL)
• CERTIFICATE IN PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHERS (CPDT)
• Certificate Programme in Peace Studies and Conflict Management (CPSCM)
• CERTIFICATE IN SMART CITY DEVELOPMENTAND MANAGEMENT (CSCDM)
• CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME ON LIFE AND THOUGHT OF B.R. AMBEDKAR (CLTA)
• CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN THE TEACHING OF ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE (CTE)
• CERTIFICATE PROGRAMME IN GENDER, AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (CGAS)

P.G. CERTIFICATE PROGRAMMES

• Post Graduate Certificate in Cyber Law (PGCCL)
• Post-Graduate Certificate in Adult Education (PGCAE)
• Post Graduate Certificate in Agriculture Policy (PGCAP)
• POST GRADUATE CERTIFICATE IN GEOINFORMATICS (PGCGI)
• POST GRADUATE CERTIFICATE IN PATENT PRACTICE (PGCPP)
• POST GRADUATE CERTIFICATE IN CLIMATE CHANGE (PGCCC)
• POST GRADUATE CERTIFICATE IN INDUSTRIAL SAFETY(PGCINDS)
• Post Graduate Certificate in Gandhi and Peace Studies ( PGCGPS )
• Post Graduate Certificate in Translation and Translation (PGCAR)
• PG Certificate in Medical Management of CBRNE Disasters (PGCMDM)
• Post Graduate Certificate in Inventory Planning and Warehousing System (PGCIPWS)
• POST GRADUATE CERTIFICATE IN ADVERTISING AND INTEGRATED COMMUNICATIONS (PGCAIC)
• Post Graduate Certificate in Information and Assistive Technologies for the Instructors of Visually Impaired (PGCIATIVI)

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