geography assignment for class 9 icse

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Home » 9th Class » ICSE Geography Specimen Paper 2025 PDF | CISCE Class 9 Geography Sample Paper

ICSE Geography Specimen Paper 2025 PDF | CISCE Class 9 Geography Sample Paper

ICSE Geography Specimen Paper 2025 has been published by CISCE . You can download the CISCE Class 9 Geography Sample Paper PDF from Aglasem. These ICSE Specimen Papers include sample questions from the latest Geography syllabus, following a pattern similar to the actual Class 9 exams. By practicing with the Geography Specimen Paper, you can enhance your exam preparation and aim for 100% marks in the Class 9 exams conducted by the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations.

ICSE Geography Specimen Paper 2025

The CISCE Specimen Paper for Class 9 (Class 9) Geography is as follows.

ICSE Geography Specimen Paper 2025 Download Link – Click Here to Download Sample Question Paper

ICSE Geography Specimen Paper 2025 PDF

The complete specimen paper is as follows.

Are you searching for ICSE Geography Specimen Paper 2025 with Solutions? You can practice with the Class 9 sample papers from the CISCE textbook for 10th Geography. If you require additional assistance, consider referring to solved Geography papers from coaching centers. Feel free to leave a comment below for further assistance.

ICSE Specimen Papers Downloads

The sample question papers for all subjects for CISCE students in 10th standard are as follows.

• Commercial Studies
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CISCE Board Sample Question Papers

Similarly the class wise Specimen question papers for CISCE board are as follows.

• ICSE Class 09 Sample Papers
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CISCE Board Class 9 Geography

• ICSE Class 9 Geography Syllabus – You should refer CISCE Board Class 9 Syllabus for Geography as prescribed by the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations.
• ICSE Class 9 Geography Textbook PDF – Moreover, you need to read the topics from CISCE Board Textbook for Class 9th Geography.
• ICSE Class 9 Solutions for Geography – While solving the Geography book, if you find any question difficult, then you can use the CISCE Board Solutions .
• ICSE Class 9 Geography Question Papers – After completing Geography curriculum, solve CISCE board Class 9 previous year question papers to get an idea of what to expect in the exam.

CISCE Class 9 Geography Sample Paper – An Overview

The highlights of this educational resource are as follows.

If you have any queries on ICSE Geography Specimen Paper 2025, then please ask in comments below.

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ICSE Class 9 Geography Notes (Quick Revision Notes)

Free pdf download.

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Class 9 Geography is the class when the level of studies gets increased. The complete syllabus and pattern of Geography gets changed and a lot of students and their parents get stressed thinking about this major change. Here comes our role. We help the students and their parents in reliving this tension by making them understand the changes in the curriculum. These ICSE Class 9 Geography Notes are a great study material for all the students as they are written in a well-detailed way to help increase the concentration of the students and also help them to perform well in their exams. These ICSE Class 9 Geography Revision Notes not only acts as a great revision tool for all the students but also increases the problem-solving skills and critical thinking skills of the students. 

Another special feature of the free PDF notes of ICSE class 9 Geography is that it is easily accessible for all the students. These notes are mobile-friendly as they can be easily accessed on mobile phones also. It is advisable for all the students to study from ICSE Class 9 Geography revision notes free PDF if they want to perform well in their exams. 

Chapter-Wise ICSE Class 9 Geography Revision Notes?

For the ease of students our team has bundled the ICSE Class 9 Geography Revision Notes in a Chapter-wise format. Using this chapter-wise Geography Notes of ICSE Class 9, one can easily cover all their Geography Chapters with ease. Links to download the Chapter--wise Class 9 Geography Notes in PDF are given on this page for free of cost. 

Motions of the Earth-Rotation and Revolution Notes Class 9 Geography

Volcanoes Notes Class 9 Geography

Weathering Notes Class 9 Geography

The Atmosphere Notes Class 9 Geography

Precipitation-Its Types and Causes Notes Class 9 Geography

Effects of Pollution Notes Class 9 Geography

Our World Notes Class 9 Geography

Landforms of the Earth Notes Class 9 Geography

Earthquakes Notes Class 9 Geography

Importance of Oceans Notes Class 9 Geography

Insolation and Heat Balance Notes Class 9 Geography

Types of Pollution Notes Class 9 Geography

Abatement of Pollution Notes Class 9 Geography

The Earth's Grid Notes Class 9 Geography

Rocks Notes Class 9 Geography

Folding and Faulting Notes Class 9 Geography

Movements of Ocean Waters Notes Class 9 Geography

Pressure Belts and Types of Winds Notes Class 9 Geography

Sources of Pollution Notes Class 9 Geography

Natural Regions of the World Notes Class 9 Geography

How to Download the ICSE Class 9 Geography Revision Notes? 

Downloading the free PDF notes of ICSE class 9 Geography is very easy and can be downloaded within 2 minutes if you are aware of the right steps. The steps to download them are: 

• Visit the official website of selfstudys i.e. selfstudys.com.

• Once the website will open, you need to scroll down and find the category named ‘Free Study Materials ’. After finding the category, you need to click on the category of ‘CISCE’.

• After clicking on the category of ‘CISCE’, a new sub category will open and you need to click on the ‘Revision Notes Exam’.

• Now, you need to choose the class and the subject for which you want to download. 
• That’s it! Wasn’t it easy to find and download the ICSE Class 9 Geography Revision Notes. 

What Are Some of the Effective Tips to Study From the Class 9 Geography Revision Notes Free PDF?

There are various effective tips which students can follow to study effectively from the ICSE Class 9 Geography Notes: 

• Taking short breaks: If a student is continuously studying from the ICSE Class 9 Geography Notes without taking any break, there will be higher chances that they will not be able to learn it effectively. It will also mentally exhaust you resulting in low productivity. However, it is always advisable for all the students to take short breaks between exam preparation as it helps a student to learn the topics in a better way with higher productivity. 
• Develop a time table: All the students should make a time table to study ICSE Class 9 Geography notes as per their convenience and should stick to it. It ensures discipline along with time management. This will also help the students to focus better on their goals and score well in their exams by revising  ICSE Class 9 Syllabus  of Geography. 
• Study in a room without distractions: All the students are advised to study the free PDF notes of ICSE class 9 Geography in a room where there are no distractions and unnecessary noises. Studying in a quiet room helps a student to study better with higher productivity. 
• Get rid of all the distractions: This is the most important hack which no student should miss. Distractions can negatively affect the result of a student. Students are advised to turn their devices off so they can focus on their ICSE class 9 Geography Revision notes. If you do not want to switch off your mobile, you can put it on ‘Silent Mode’. You should also turn off the TV as it can also distract you. You can listen to instrumental music as some students have the habit of listening to music while studying. 

How to Do Extremely Well in Your Exams After Studying From ICSE Class 9 Geography Revision Notes?

There are various hacks which students can follow to do extremely well in their Geography exams. Some of the tips are:

• Study smart, not hard: This is the most important tip which every student should follow. Study smart, not hard means that a student should use the smart techniques to study the ICSE Geography class 9 Revision notes effectively which includes following blurting technique, creating a time table, making short notes etc. 
• Devote at least half an hour to study a sub topic: All the students should at least devote half an hour to study a subtopic from their Geography course. This will help all the students to stick all the concepts in their minds and also creates a strong foundation of all the topics. 
• Rewrite the concepts in your own words: Students should rewrite ICSE Class 9 Geography notes in their own words to understand the concept thoroughly and stick to the concept in their mind. This will ensure that they will remember the Geography topic and concepts for long. 
• Go through the concepts regularly: Going through the concepts multiple times in free PDF notes of ICSE class 9 Geography can increase the chances of students to remember it. Next time whenever you study, read the concepts of Geography loudly and write it at least 3-5 times during your study session as it helps the students to remember them. The next time you study, review all of the Geography concepts you have covered earlier to help create a strong foundation of all the concepts. 

What Are the Features of the ICSE Class 9 Revision Notes?

The role of the ICSE class 9 Geography Revision notes doesn’t end at being the best revision study resource. They also have some of the best features which can improve the academic performance of the students:

• Well-Explained: The educated subject matter experts of selfstudys who have years of experience in the education sector have developed these ICSE Class 9 Geography Notes in a well-explained pattern to ensure that the student does not have to look for any other notes to find any concept. Also, these Geography Revision notes ensure that the students cover each and every topic and do not miss any topic. 
• Easy Language used: The language used in ICSE Geography class 9 notes is an added advantage for all the students. The subject matter experts have used the easy and simple language to help all those students who find it difficult to grasp the notes. These ICSE Class 9 notes at selfstudys are easy to learn and grasp. 
• Chapter-wise: To help all the students study in an organised way, our subject matter experts at selfstudys have written the Class 9 Geography revision notes free PDF in a chapter-wise format. As they are written in a chapter-wise format, the students will have a clear understanding of all the topics without getting confused which will promote effective learning. 
• Includes Each and Every Topic: Our subject matter experts of selfstudys have made sure to include each and every topic in the free PDF notes of ICSE class 9 Geography in a well-explained format. These notes can be a game changer for all the students as they will feel confident after studying from them. 
• Mobile Friendly: The ICSE Class 9 Geography Notes are mobile friendly as they can be easily downloaded on your mobile phones. They can also be carried from one place to another. 

Study Shortcuts Which Can Help You Save Time While Studying From the ICSE Class 9 Geography Revision Notes

There are various shortcuts which all the students can use to save their time and score well in their exams. They are: 

• Focus more on the first and last sentences of the paragraph: It is advisable for all the students to focus more on the first and the last sentences of each paragraph of the free PDF notes of ICSE class 9 Geography as the first sentence introduces the main subject of the paragraph and the last sentence wraps up the idea and gives an idea about the next para. 
• Rewrite your notes: It is pretty obvious that there are higher chances to remember a concept from the ICSE Class 9 Geography notes when you write them in your own words after learning them. It makes the concept of Geography stick in your memory and also helps you remember it for a longer time.
• Retest yourself: Quizzing yourself so you get to know what topics you still need to do is a great shortcut which can help you save time while studying from the free PDF notes of ICSE class 9 Geography. This will help you identify your weaker areas and you can work on them to improve your scores.  
• Review your notes everyday: Everyday all the students should take time of 10 minutes to go through the ICSE Class 9 Geography notes notes as it will help them to retain all the information. Reviewing what you have learned is a great way to study effectively. 
• Exercise your brain with new and challenging habits: It is always great to exercise your brain with the new and challenging habits as it helps to improve the overall functioning of the brain. By this way, you can learn something new or enhance the skills which you already have. 

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ICSE Solutions for Geography Class 9

Icse solutions for geography class 9 textbook.

ICSE Solutions for Class 9 Geography

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• ICSE Class 9
• ICSE Class 9 Syllabus

ICSE Class 9 Geography Syllabus

ICSE Class 9 Geography Syllabus is available in PDF format so that students can access it for free. Class 9 Geography Syllabus helps them to get acquainted with the topics and the exam pattern to be followed during the academic year. Furthermore, ICSE Syllabus for Class 9 Geography provides a clear understanding of the marking scheme and question paper pattern. Here, we have provided the Geography Syllabus, along with the topics for the Internal Assessment and marking scheme of the ICSE Class 9 .

Students can also download the Class 9 ICSE Geography Syllabus PDF from the link below.

Download the ICSE Class 9 Latest Geography Syllabus PDF 2023-24

Icse class 9 geography syllabus – principles of geography, 1. our world.

(i)Earth as a planet

(ii)Geographic grid-Latitudes & Longitudes

(iii) Rotation and Revolution

2. Structure of the Earth

(i)Earth’s Structure

(ii) Landforms of theEarth

(iii)Rocks-difference between minerals and rocks, types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic, their characteristics and formation; rock cycle.

(iv)Volcanoes

(v)Earthquakes

(vi)Weatheringand Denudation

3. Hydrosphere

Meaning of hydrosphere

Tides-formation and pattern.

OceanCurrents–their circulation pattern and effects (Specifically of GulfStream, North Atlantic Drift, Labrador Current, Kuro Shio and Oya Shio.)

4. Atmosphere

(i)Composition and structure of the atmosphere

(ii) Insolation

(iii)Atmospheric Pressure and Winds.

(iv) Humidity

5. Pollution

(a) Types – air, water (fresh and marine), soil, radiation and noise.

(b) Sources:

• Noise: Traffic, factories, construction sites, loudspeakers, airports.
• Air: vehicular, industrial, burning of garbage.
• Water: domestic and industrial waste.
• Soil: chemical fertilizers, biomedical waste and pesticides.
• Radiation: X-rays; radioactive fallout from nuclear plants.

(c) Effects – on the environment and human health.

(d) Preventive Measures

6. Natural Regions of the World

Location, area, climate, natural vegetation and human adaptation.

7. Map Work

Icse class 9 geography internal assessment – practical work/project work.

1. A record file having any three of the following exercises will be maintained. (The file will be evaluated out of 10 marks).

(a) Uses of important types of maps. (b) Directions and how to identify them – an illustrative diagram. (c) Reading and using statement of scale, graphic scale and scale shown by representative fraction method. (No drawing work, only explaining their meanings). (d) Reading of one town guide map or an atlas map. (Recognising the symbols and colours used, identifying directions and distances). (e) Drawing and recognising forms of important contours, viz. valleys, ridges, types of slopes, conical hill, plateau, escarpment and sea cliff. (f) Drawing at least one sketch map to organize information about visiting an important place, a zoo or a monument.

2. Candidates will be required to prepare a project report on any one topic. The topics for assignments may be selected from the list of suggested assignments given below. Candidates can also take up an assignment of their choice under any of the four broad areas given below. (The project will be evaluated out of 10 marks).

Suggested list of Assignments:

(a) Weather records: Maintaining and interpreting weather records as found in the newspaper for at least one season.

(b) Collection of data from secondary sources: {Using Modern techniques, i.e., Global Positioning System(GPS), Remote Sensing, Aerial Photography and Satellite imageries}: Preparing a PowerPoint presentation on current issues like–use of earth resources/ development activities/dangers of development and ecological disasters like droughts, earthquakes, volcanoes, floods, landslides cyclones and tornadoes in the world.

(c) Physical Features:   Collection of data from primary and secondary sources or taking photographs and preparing notional sketches of features found in the vicinity or areas visited during the year as a part of school activity.

(d) Find out the sources of pollution of water bodies in the locality and determine the quality of water.

(e) Collect information on global environmental issues and problems and communicate your findings through appropriate modes (posters, charts, collages, cartoons, handouts, essays, street plays and PowerPoint presentation).

(f) Area Studies:   Choosing any aspect from World Studies and preparing a PowerPoint presentation or a write-up on it.

(g) Meteorological Instruments and their uses: Six’s maximum and minimum thermometer, mercury barometer, aneroid barometer, wind vane, anemometer, rain gauge and hygrometer.

Frequently Asked Questions on ICSE Syllabus for Class 9 Geography

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ICSE Solutions for Class 9 Geography – Landforms of the Earth

May 31, 2018 by Kalyan

ICSE Solutions Selina ICSE Solutions ML Aggarwal Solutions

I. Short answer questions.

Question 1. What is meant by a landform ? Answer: A landform is a natural feature on the surface of the earth with a particular shape.

Question 3. Give two chief characteristics of the fold mountains. Answer:

• The fold mountain system has parallel ranges.
• A fold mountain region is also a region of sudden forces such as of volcanoes and earthquakes.

Question 4. Give one example of each :

(a) Young fold mountains; (b) Old fold mountain. Why they are called so

(a) These mountains are made of light sedimentary rocks of recent tertiary age and are the highest mountain system which are still increasing their heights due to gradual upthrust force. The Himalayas are called young fold mountains. (b) The Alpine-Himalayan system and Circum Parific mountain belt are the ‘Old Fold Mountains’ which existed as geosynclines 50-60 million years ago.

Question 5. Give example of residual mountains. Answer: Examples of Residual mountains are Nilgiri, Parasnath and Rajmahal Hills in India and the Catskill range in the USA.

Question 6. How is a rift valley formed ? Give one example of a rift valley. Answer: A rift valley is formed by the submergence of a big landmass between two high block mountains, e.g. the Rhine river flows through a rift valley in its middle course.

Question 7. Give a brief definition of a plateau. Answer: The Himalayas are an important form of folding being the highest mountain range in the world.

Question 8. Give one example of each :

(a) Intermontane plateau (b) Volcanic plateau and (c) Piedmont plateau

(a) The Tibetan plateau (b) The Plateau of Peninsular India. (c) The Patagonian plateau of South America.

Question 9. Give two points of importance of landforms. Answer: Various landforms display the internal and external forces of the earth, different climatic effects and features, forests, snow lands giving birth to rivers, coasts and islands as fishing regions. All these together make the earth beautiful and ideal for living and various activities.

Question 10. What are known as epeirogenic movements ? Answer: The movements such as uplift and submergence working in vertical direction are known as epeirogenic movements. ‘Epeiros’ in Greek means continent ‘genic’ means building. As this movement created continents coming out higher from the oceans.

Question 11. Name two landforms created by epeirogenic movements. Answer:

• Block mountains.
• Rift valleys and basins are produced by epeirogenic movements.

Question 12. Why are the sudden forces described as ‘Constructive forces ? Answer: Earthquakes and volcanic activities are described as sudden forces. These forces are described as ‘Constructive Forces’ because they create relief features on the surface of the earth. As volcanic erruptions result in the formation of volcanic mountains, extensive plateaus and also plains.

Question 13. What are called endogenic forces ? Answer: Endogenic forces are the internal diastrophic forces working inside the interior of the earth related to the tectonic forces.

Question 14. Name four relief features on the surface of the earth. Answer: The four major landforms are mountains, plateaus, plains, valleys and basins.

Question 15. What are known as exogenic forces ? Answer: Exogenic forces work on the surface of the earth through water, wind and ice, resulting in changing the shape of landforms slowly.

Question 16. Name the two land forms produced by exogenic forces. Answer:

• Alluvial and erosional plains
• Glacial landforms.

Question 17. Give one chief characteristic of the fold mountains. Answer: The fold mountains are formed by the lateral compression of sedimentary rocks as seen by the different layers of various types of rocks one upon another.

Question 18. Give one example of volcanic mountains. Answer: Volcanic mountains are formed by erupting magma from the inner core on the surface e.g. Mt. Krakatoa is an active volcano on the western side of Java.

Question 19. How is a rift valley formed ? Give one example. Answer: A rift valley is formed by the submergence of a big landmass between two high block mountains, e.g. the Rhine river flows through a rift valley in its middle course.

Question 20. Give a brief definition of a plateau. Answer: A plateau is a higher tableland between mountain and valley, lower than mountain and higher than valley.

Question 21. Give one example of each

(a) Intermontane plateau (b) Piedmont plateau (c) Volcanic plateau.

(a) The Tibetan plateau. (b) The Patagonian plateau of South America. (c) The Plateau of Peninsular India.

Question 22. How are erosional plains formed ? Answer: Erosional plains are formed by the agents of erosion in millions of years, when the higher landforms are eroded into level plain areas, e.g. Lorraine plain in France.

Question 23. Give two points of importance of landforms. Answer: Various landforms display the internal and external forces of the earth, different climatic effects and features, forests, snow lands giving birth to rivers, coasts and islands as fishing regions. All these together make the earth beautiful and ideal for living and various activities.

II. Distinguish between each of the following 

• Fold Mountain and Block Mountain.
• Intermontane plateau and Volcanic plateau.
• Structural plain and Depositional plains.
• Tectonic mountain and Volcanic mountain.

1. Fold Mountain :

• Fold mountains is built by the tectonic forces folding the sedimentary rocks.
• These are formed of light sedimentary rocks e.g. the Himalayas

Block Mountain :

• Block mountain is built after the submergence of a landmass leaving behind the big blocks on the both sides.
• These are formed by solid rocks standing on the both sides of a rift valley. e.g. Vosges mountain in France.

2. Intermontane plateau : These are the highest and most extensive types on the globe surrounded by hills and mountains. The plateau of Tibet is the highest plateau as well as most extensive intermontane plateau. Other examples are Columbian Plateau, North Americal Cordillera, Bolivian, Peruvian and Mexican plateaus. Volcanic Plateau : In places where fissure eruptions have taken place magma erupts quietly through narrow fissures several kilometres in length. This magma spreads on the surface and cools down as a sheet of lava covering the surface of the land. Eruptions at intervals lead to the piling up of lava sheets one over the other in a series of steps. The Deccan trap region of Peninsular India has several lava sheets having a maximum thickness of about 200 metres. This region forms a lava plateau. Other examples are South African plateau, Columbian Plateau and Ethiopian plateau. 3. Structural plain : It is formed by the uplift of landmass by Diastrophic forces creating an extensive lowland. The Missouri – Mississippi plain of U.S.A. is an example, which came out of ocean by uplift force. Depositional plains : These plains are formed by the deposition of materials which have been brought by various agents of transportation, eg.

• River Deposition : The most widespread of these are alluvial plains like the Northern Plains of India; the flood plains like the Mississippi Plains in the USA, deltaic plains in Egypt and India
• Wind Deposition : Most of such plains are sandy deserts like the Sahara in Africa and the Thar desert in India. They have irregular and undulating surface made by existence of sand dunes and hallows.
• Marine Deposition : These plains are found in coastal regions. Examples are the east coast of India, the estuarine banks in the Netherlands, coast of Germany and Denmark.

4. Tectonic mountain :

• It is built by the tectonic force working on the crust of the earth.
• It is the result of upthrust force of the tectonic movement.
• It may be built by sedimentary or metamorphic rocks.

Volcanic mountain :

• It is built by the volcanic eruption from the interior of the earth.
• It is the result of upthrust force of magma coming up on the earth surface.
• It may be built by crystalline igneous rocks of particular composition.

III. Give one technical term for each of the following 

Question 1. Block mountains with flattened summits. Answer: Horst Mountains.

Question 2. Plateaus surrounded by hills and mountains on all sides. Answer: Intermontane plateaus.

Question 3. Plateaus formed by lava. Answer: Volconic plateaus.

Question 4. An extensive area of lowland with a level or gently undulating surface. Answer: Plain.

Question 5. The compressional forces that cause folding of rocks and formation of fold mountains. Answer: Diastrophic forces.

Question 6. The vertical movements which are the result of faults and cracks in the surface of the earth. Answer: Epeirogenic forces.

Question 7. The forces operating on the surface of the earth. Answer: Exogenic forces.

Question 8. Plateaus surrounded by mountains on one side and plains on the other. Answer: Piedmont plateaus

P Q. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

• Volcanic activity is a sudden movement.
• The upfolds of the rock strata are called anticlines.
• The Mid-Atlantic Ridge rises 3 km above the floor of the Atlantic.
• The Great Plain of the USA was formed by Diastrophic forces.
• The Great Northern plains of India were formed by River Deposition.

IV. Long Answer Questions.

Question 1. 1. Describe the formation of mountains and their types. Answer: Mountains are classified into three main types depending on the forces that have formed them. Three main types of mountains are

Question 2. Describe the characteristics of four different types of plateaus. Answer: Intermontane plateaus are the highest plateaus between highest mountains, e.g. Tibetan plateau. Piedmont plateaus lie between mountains and plains with steep slopes towards plains due to the force of flowing water downwards, e.g. Appolochian plateau of U.S.A., Patagonia plateau of South America Volcanic plateaus are created by volcanic eruption and Lava flows, e.g. Deccan plateau of peninsular India Uplifted plateaus are caused by the endogenic forces resulting in the dome shaped plateaus e. g. Chhotanagpur plateau in India

Question 3. Describe the characteristics of structural plains. Answer: Structural plains are created by uplifting of a large landmass due to Diastrophic movements, e.g. plainofU.S.A. Erosionalplains are formed by eroding highlands into plain areas, e.g. Lorraine plain in France. Srinagar Valley of Kashmir is the result of glacial erosion, Sahara desert plain is the result of wind erosion. Karst plains are created by erosion of limestone rocks by ground water, e.g. Karst plain of Yugoslavia. Depositional plains are caused by large scale deposition of debris and silt deposited by the running water or rivers, e.g. Northern plain of India.

Question 4. Explain the chief characteristics of depositional plains and their types. Answer: Depositional plains These plains are formed by the deposition of materials which have been brought by various agents of transportation, eg.

• Wind Deposition : Most such plains are sandy deserts like the Sahara in Africa and the Thar desert in India. They have irregular and undulating surface made by existence of sand dimes and hallows.

Question 5. Give a brief account of importance of landforms on the surface of the earth. Answer: Landforms play an important role for human activities by providing different aspects of landscapes, climatic variety, natural gifts of snowclad ranges, glaciers and rivers etc., various vegetation zones imparting innumerable forest’ products, agriculture and other occupations related to different types of landforms, natural beauty and tourism all these making this earth fascinating living world.

Practice Questions (Solved)

Question 1. Describe the direction in which the following mountain systems lie and also point out the continents where they are found.

(a) Alpine Himalayan System (b) Rocky-Andean System

(a) Alpine and Himalayan System both run from West to East direction in Europe and Asia continents respectively. (b) Rocky-Andean System both run from North to South in the western margins of North America and South America continents.

Question 2. Describe the different stages in the growth of mountains. Answer: There are three different stages in the growth of mountains.

• The geosyncline stage : The deposition of sediments in the sea-bed to form large geosynclines.
• The Orogenic stage :  The tectonic forces working horizontally push and press there geosynclines to form various folds.
• Epeirogenic stage :  When the whole mass of geosynclines is raised and buckled up and form a distinct series of troughs (synclines) and arcs (auticlines) i.e. Mountains and Valleys.

Question 3. What are the different types of Geosynclines ? Answer: There are three types of Geosynclines

• Monogeosynclines :  Long, narrow geosynclines along narrow water bodies take the shape of narrow mountains such as Appalachian mountains of North America.
• Polygeosynclines  : Geosynclines laid down in wide and long water basin take the shape of broad and long mountain ranges like Rockies in North America.
• Mesogeosynclines :  The geosynclines lying between Europe and Africa continents resulted in various mountain ranges e.g. Alps and Pyrenees in Europe, Atlas in Africa.

Question 4. Write a note on the characteristics of folded mountains. Answer: Folded mountains are formed by the forces of compression and contortion resulting in a series of synclines and anticlines, later on undergoing various erosive forces. All the highest mountain systems are example of folded mountains made of sedimentary rocks.

Question 5. What are Block mountains ? How are they formed ? Answer: Block mountains are formed on the both sides of a rift valley, which is formed by deep submergence of a large landmass leaving behind two raised platform type blocks known as Block mountains. These landforms are created by displacement of landmass along fault lines known as faulting.

Question 6. How can mountains be classified according to their different size and arrangement ? Describe in detail two of the classes of such mountains. Answer: Simply the mountains can be divided into 4 groups

• Folded mountains
• Block mountains
• Volcanic mountains
• Relict mountains

Volcanic mountains : are formed by the eruption and deposition of magma from the interior core to the land surface. According to their construction these are Cinder or Ash cones, Lava cones and composite cones, e.g. Fujiyama in Japan. Relict mountains : These are formed by the continuous erosion ofthe original materials and giving birth to the hills of rounded peaks made of high density rocks, which have undergone excessive pressure and denudation by natural agents. One of the best example is Vindhyanchal mountain.

Question 8. How can mountains be classified according to their different size and arrangement ? Answer: Mountains can be classified according to their different size and arrangement as given below :

• CordillersThese are large regions of mountains topography which are characterised by a large number of chains and ranges.
• System It is formed of several associated ranges. These ranges should be similar in position, form and structure although treanches or basins may separate them.
• ChainIt is a series of ridges in one line although separated by trough like valleys.
• RangeIt is a linear arrangement consisting of a large number of peaks and ridges separated by valleys. The different mountains possess a unity of form and structure.
• Group It is a circular or massive arrangement of peaks and ridges. Group formations often result from the erosion of laccolths.
• Ridge It is the individual arch or block that results from folding and faulting. It may be of various types according as the slope is steep on one side or the other.
• Peaks These are formed by the less regular beds resisting denudation. They may be dome-like or pyramidical or needle-shaped. Their shape depends upon the rock structure and joint planes of the region. The peaks and ridges may either be arranged parallel to one another or may be quite isolated of may be arranged like features round a dome or they may be cones formed due to volcanic extrusion.

Question 9. What are plateaus ? How are they different from mountains ? Give suitable examples. Answer: Plateaus Plateaus or table lands are elevated uplands, extensive in size and descending steeply to the surrounding regions. On the other hand, a portion of land surface rising considerably above the surroundings either as a single eminence or in a range if chain is called a ihountains. Examples of Plateaus :

• Deccan Plateau of India.
• Tibetan Plateau (called the roof of the world)

Question 10. What is a Piedmont Plateau ? How is it different from a Continental plateau ? Give suitable examples to illustrate. Answer: Piedmont Plateaus The plateaus which lie at the foot of the mountains are called Piedmont plateaus. These are flanked on one side by the plains or seas. The chief examples are the Colorado plateau or North America and the Patagonia Plateau of South America. Continental Plateaus The extensive and massive tablelands which rise abruptly from the bordering lowlands or from the sea are called continental plateaus. On most of their margins, there is sea. They seldom have mountainous rims. The major portion of Africa, Arabia, Spain, Australia, Peninsular India, Greenland and Antarctica are continental plateaus.

Question 11. Write short notes on the following :

(a) Coastal plains (b) Karst plains (c) Peneplain (d) Cuestiform plains.

(a) Coastal plains : The plains situated near a sea coast are called coastal plains. They are formed by the sea waves after sea bottoms have emerged. The newly emerged plain is generally broad and wide and comprise of loosely compacted layers of mud and sand. Many coastal plains increased in which towards the sea because the sea waves continue adding matter to it. (b) Karst plains : These plains are formed by the action of underground water, dissolving the regions made of chalk or limestone are called Karst plains. They are often flat-bottomed. Due to wind erosion and differential weathering, the topography is etched and rounded or even polished in a curious manner. Some of the relief features are quite fantastic in shape, especially the pebbles and other fragments that litter the surface of these plains. (c) Peneplains : Very low undulating plains are called peneplains. They are almost plains. (d) Cuestiform plains : The plains marked by a concentric arrangement of ridges and lowlands are called Cuestiform plains. Paris and London are the typical examples of such plains. They are made by river action on hard and soft rocks. Consequently they become rolling like the downs of S.E. England.

Question 12. Why and how are the plains the centres of all human activity ? Answer: The plains are the centres of great economic advancement. The alluvial plains have been the cradles of civilisation from the earliest time. They have the following advantages to man:

• Railways, roads and waterways can be easily laid.
• They are the granary of the world.
• Due to fine climate, fertile soil and facilities for movement, the plains have become thickly populated and most of the big cities and towns are situated in the plains of the world except in areas which suffer from harsh climate and temperature.

Question 13. Differentiate between Young fold mountains and Old fold mountains. Answer: Old fold mountains : The fold mountains which were formed about more than 250 million years ago are called old fold mountains. For example, the Urals in Russia, the Appalachians in North America and the Aravalli range in India are old fold mountains. These mountain ranges are of low altitude and have gentle slopes. Young fold mountains : The most recent phase of mountain building took place about 25 million years ago. The world’s highest mountain ranges were formed during this period. These are known as young fold mountains. They have rugged relief features because they have been subjected to denudation for a comparatively short period only.

Question 14. Give reasons for the following :

• Old fold mountains have low altitude and gentle slopes.
• Young fold mountains have rugged relief features.
• Young fold mountains are liable to Earthquakes and Volcanic action.
• Old fold mountains have low altitude and gentle slopes because they have been subjected to denudations for million of years.
• Young fold mountains have rugged relief features because they have been subjected to denudation for a comparatively short period only.
• Young fold mountains are liable to Earthquakes and volcanic action because these mountain regions are areas of crustal instability.

Question 15. State two evidences that the Earth movements have taken place in the past. Answer: The evidences that the Earth movements have taken place in the past are as follows :

• The basins containing sedimentary rocks indicate that such basins must have been below sea level in the past. The coalfields of the Damodar valley occur in such basins of the geological past.
• Oilfields occur in basins containing old sedimentary rocks. Such basins are now occurring on the land. This shows that the portion of the crust which was once depressed must have been uplifted later.
• llie Himalayas provide another evidence of the recent effect of Earth movements.

Question 16. What causes Orogenic movemeiits ? Answer: Orogenic movements are caused by compressional or tensional forces.

Question 17. What are the effects of Epeirogenic movements ? Answer: Effects of epeirogenic movements :

• They cause rising or sinking of the crust. They may cause the elevation of broad areas as extensive as those of a continent or lowering of the sea level.
• These movements are responsible for the formation of plateaux.
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ICSE Solutions for Class 9 Geography Voyage PDF Download

Get ICSE Solutions for Class 9 Geography Voyage in easy to download PDF format prepared by ICSE teachers for Class 9 Geography based on the latest syllabus issued by ICSE. All Solutions provided here are based on the latest ICSE Geography books which are applicable in your school. Detailed solutions have been provided for Geography so that the students can understand them and get good marks in ICSE Class 9 Geography

Students who are planning to score higher marks in class 9 ICSE geography should practice ICSE Solutions for Class 9 Geography Voyage before attending the exam. You can also download ICSE Solution for Class 9 History.

To improve your study, We have provided you with ICSE class 9 geography solutions, so that you can score good marks in your exam.

Students of Class 9 ICSE Geography should refer to the Geography books provided by ICSEBoards.com for ICSE Class 9 Geography and also Solutions for ICSE Class 9 Geography provided here in easy to download PDF format. Its important to note that these solutions have been prepared based on the latest ICSE Geography books and syllabus issued for ICSE. Class 9 students should carefully understand each chapter given in Geography book and based on that once they have understand the entire chapter then should refer to the questions which are provided at the end of the chapter. Our teachers have provided detailed solutions with explanation of each step of the answer so that while solving the question the Class 9 ICSE student should be able to get thorough understanding of the topic and related concepts as well. We have covered all questions which have been given in the ICSE Class 9 Geography Book. Just click on the link above to directly download the PDF and read then whenever you want, anytime and anywhere. All answers have been prepared by expert teachers which makes sure that all solutions are correct and questions are solved in a manner which makes sure that students when referring to these answers for grade 9 ICSE will be able to get good marks. Advantages of ICSE Class 9 Geography solutions:

• By downloading ICSE Class 9 Geography solutions, students can improve their problem solving skills.
• These solutions will help the students to develop the subject knowledge which will help them to get better marks in class 9 Geography exams.
• No need to buy expensive Geography books or refer to paid websites as we provide everything here for free in PDF format.
• Save your time as its required for further studies in Geography class 9 and download the material from here.
• It will help to promote hands-on learning amongst ICSE students.
• One of the best website for ICSE to download all helpful resources for Geography used in ICSE classroom revision.
• ICSE Books and solutions for Class 9 Geography helps to improve subject-knowledge.

Icseboards give ICSE Class 9 Geography Solutions PDF Free Download, Answers, and Marking Scheme. Here we have provided you ICSE Solutions for Class 9 Geography to make your preparation better. A Student can view or download the ICSE Board 9th English Question and answers to score good marks in the Class 9 board exam.

These ICSE Class 9 Geography Solutions help students to understand the questions asked in the board exam. We have also other study materials for Class 9 like Sample papers, Previous year Questions Paper, ICSE Solutions, ICSE Books, etc. If you have any problem in regard to ICSE Solutions for Class 9 Geography, write a comment in the box given below

You can easily download solutions for ICSE Class 9 Geography for all subjects in PDF format from https://www.icseboards.com

Yes, our team of teachers have developed detailed solutions for each chapter which have been given in your books for ICSE Class 9 Geography

Yes, all solutions provided by us have been prepared as per the latest syllabus and Geography books issued for ICSE students. You can refer to the solutions here.

Yes you can download all solutions for Geography Class 9 ICSE provided here in simple pdf format and use them wherever you want, you can read them later too incase you don’t have internet and even take out print out of all the solutions and give to your teachers and friends

Yes, all solutions provided here are absolutely free for everyone and can be downloaded easily. You don’t have to pay anything for the books or even for the solutions. There is no charge to anything that we provide here. All study material provided here by our teachers is free and is for the benefit of all Geography ICSE Class 9 students

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• ICSE Class 9 Geography Syllabus 2024-25 Examinations

ICSE Syllabus for Class 9 Geography - Free PDF Download

Students for Class 9 are constantly on the lookout for Geography Class 9 syllabus as they might require it in order to score some good marks in the examination. Well, the syllabus consists of many chapters. A compilation of 7 different sections, the ICSE Class 9 Geography syllabus will help the students to learn different topics and craft the presentations and answers for sure. After the end of the chapters, there are different questions that are related to the chapters. 

By solving the questions, students will be able to have a better understanding of the chapters. There is a Class 9 Geography syllabus in PDF format on the Vedantu website . Students will be able to download the Geography syllabus for Class 9 ICSE from Vedantu. The syllabus is very easy to understand and easy to download as well. With the help of the syllabus, students will be able to practice whatever they read anytime and anywhere.

One of the best things about the Vedantu Geography syllabus for Class 9 is that these are completely free of cost and can be downloaded very easily from anywhere. So, the students who are on the lookout for knowing all about the chapters on their desktop or any other device can actually get their hands on the syllabus in order to study and revise.

ICSE Syllabus for Class 9 Geography: Overview

ICSE Syllabus for Class 9 Geography contains many important details. Students need to know these significant details to understand the requirements for the subject’s preparation throughout the academic year. Here is a detailed overview of the ICSE Syllabus for Class 9 Geography:

Aims: the syllabus gives a detailed overview of the aims of ICSE for Class 9 Geography. ICSE aims to inculcate in the students the understanding of various important aspects of Geography. It also aims to teach the students different important concepts related to cause-effect relationships of different natural phenomena. Students will also be taught to learn practical skills of using maps for various purposes.  

Written Exam Details: the syllabus mentions that the written exam paper will be 2 hours long and will carry 80 marks in total. The paper will be in two parts. Students are expected to prepare various sketches, diagrams, graphs and charts well. The question paper may also require the students to interpret geographical photographs in the exam.

Internal Assessment Details and Evaluation: the internal assessment will be done jointly by the subject teacher as well as an external examiner. The assessment of the subject teacher will carry 10 marks. The assessment of the external examiner will carry 10 marks as well. Thus the entire internal assessment will be valued at 20 marks. For the internal assessment, the students will be required to make a record file on any three exercises from among a detailed list of options mentioned in the syllabus. Students are also expected to make a project report on one of the mentioned topics from the syllabus.

Suggested Assignments: the syllabus also includes a detailed list of the suggested assignments. This list includes various topics like Weather records, Collection of data from secondary sources, Physical Features, Area Studies, Meteorological Instruments and their uses, etc.

Marking Guidelines: students will also find at the end of the syllabus various guidelines by the OCSE for the internal assessment. This can help the students to prepare their assignments accordingly.

Find Refreshed Class 9 ICSE Geography Syllabus

When it comes to the syllabus of Geography, there are a lot of refreshed chapters and are completely authorized by the writers. These chapters are meant to provide essential elements that will definitely help a lot when it comes to understanding the ideology that comes from every single chapter.

Things Students Will Get to Learn From the Syllabus of Geography Class 9

There are many different chapters in the syllabus of Geography Class 9. Some of these chapters include Our World, Structure of the Earth, Pollution, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere, Map Work, and Natural Regions of the world amongst many others. These chapters give an idea to the students on what to expect from the whole book and it also helps them in preparing for the examination.

Download Class 9th Geography Syllabus

Geography is certainly a very important subject, especially for the students who want to score good marks in the examinations. Understanding what these chapters mean along with the questions and their solutions will help students in their examinations. Some questions might have longer answers and students can rely on the notes to have an in-depth understanding of the questions. This will help them in revising and answering the questions in a better way. So, there is simply not a single speck of doubt about the fact that the chapters are definitely going to be very helpful to the students. Referring to the chapters and the questions will get them the results that they need.

How Can Students Benefit From Downloading the Syllabus of Geography Class 9?

When it comes to the syllabus of Geography Class 9, there is no doubt that students can have so many different benefits from that. When you are looking for the syllabus online, students can find that there are different options to choose from.

The syllabus proves to be very useful when students need to make sure that they understand all the concepts of different questions from the chapters. With the solutions, students have a deeper understanding of the meaning of the chapters. Not to mention that the Class 9 ICSE Geography syllabus helps students in preparing for exams.

Some of the Other Benefits Include:

Helping the students compare scores. With the notes for the Geography syllabus Class 9, students can very easily compare the score that they have and understand how well they have done in the exams.

The notes are very simple to understand. Another one of the best things about the notes of the Geography syllabus is that these are created by some expert authors and written in very simple languages. Hence, it can be said that these will be pretty easy to understand for the students.

The syllabus is designed specifically keeping in mind the standards of ICSE. With students frequently preparing for the examination, the syllabus has been created keeping in mind all the standards that the ICSE examinations have. Hence, there is no doubt that students can have an idea about the exam pattern and the pattern of questions that come forth in the exams.

FAQs on ICSE Class 9 Geography Syllabus 2024-25 Examinations

1. What are the Different Chapters in the Geography Syllabus Class 9?

All the chapters which are included in the Class 9th Geography syllabus include Our World, Structure of the Earth, Pollution, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere, Map Work, and Natural Regions of the world amongst many others. Students can take a detailed look at the ICSE Class 9 Syllabus for Geography to know all the important chapters and topics.  However, students must remember that each chapter should be paid close attention to. Even if a chapter carries less weightage it should not be neglected.

2. Where Can One Find the Geography Class 9 Syllabus?

One of the best ways to find the ICSE Class 9 Geography syllabus is to go to the official site of Vedantu and have a look there. The syllabus mentioned on Vedantu has been published after going through the official ICSE Class 9 Geography Syllabus and hence will be of great help to students who look forward to performing well in class. Students can also download the official ICSE Class 9 Geography Syllabus to access it offline. The syllabus sign with all the other ICSE study material is available for free at Vedantu.

3. Why Should One Refer to the Geography Syllabus for Class 9?

The syllabus for Geography Class 9 comprises all the chapters and is very easy to download from Vedantu. The syllabus for any subject is crucial for students. It plays a major role in giving out all the important information to the students regarding the subject and various assignments and assessments that will take place throughout the year. A detailed analysis of the syllabus should be done by every student at the beginning of the academic year itself to make a well-informed study plan and consequently prepare well for the exam.

4. How to download ICSE Class 9 Geography syllabus from Vedantu?

Vedantu lets you download the ICSE Class 9 Geography Syllabus by following a few simple steps:

Click on the option to “Download PDF.” This option can be found at the beginning of this syllabus page.

On the next page, you are required to type in your login details or the registered mobile number. If you are not a registered Vedantu user, you can register yourself for free.

Once you have put in your login details, your download should begin promptly on the next page.

You can also download the Vedantu mobile app to download all the study material available on Vedantu. These materials are available for free.

5. How can Vedantu help the students in studying ICSE Class 9 Geography?

Vedantu works with a holistic approach to provide its students with all the necessary guidance and study material. Here is all the help you can get from Vedantu for ICSE Class 9 Geography:

Vedantu provides a detailed syllabus to help students plan their studies meticulously.

Vedantu provides revision notes, important questions, sample papers, previous years’ questions, etc to help students in their studies.

Students can also refer to Vedantu’s conceptual videos and live sessions to clarify their conceptual understanding.

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ICSE Syllabus Class 9 Geography

Home » ICSE » ICSE Syllabus Class 9 Geography

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ICSE Class 9 Geography Syllabus

All students must understand the ICSE curriculum for 2023–2024. On the syllabus, you can find a synopsis and a list of the chapters that must be covered in a particular class or grade. The ICSE Board Class 9 Geography syllabus is exhaustive and helps the students to improve their all-around skills. 

It should be mentioned that Class 9 is where students begin to prepare for the Class 10 board exam. The ICSE 9th Syllabus must be finished as quickly as possible. As it may be convenient to you, we have put together a thorough article about the most recent ICSE Class 9 Syllabus 2023.

The Class 9 Geography Syllabus is available on this website. With the assistance of the ICSE Class Geography Solutions, candidates can evaluate the course’s main structure and adequately prepare. To create a successful exam strategy, candidates must thoroughly understand the subject matter and the marking scheme.

Apart from the ICSE Class 9 Geography Syllabus, Extramarks also offers many other resources such as ICSE Solutions, ISC & ICSE Syllabus , ICSE Sample Question Papers , ICSE Revision Notes , ICSE Important Questions , ICSE Question Paper and more.

Click here to access ICSE Class 9 Geography Solutions.

ICSE Class 9 Geography Syllabus: Syllabus Overview

The students should understand the essential information in the ICSE Class 9 Geography Syllabus. The length of the exam paper, the number of assessments offered throughout the year, the marking scheme, the marking process, etc. are a few of these.

To get a perfect score of 20 on the Internal Assessment, the students must fully comprehend the Internal Assessment component of the Syllabus in order to know what they must accomplish in addition to preparing for the exams. The internal evaluation will be carried out in accordance with the syllabus instructions by the subject teacher and an outside examiner. The subject teacher’s evaluation will receive ten out of the twenty marks. The external examiner’s evaluation will determine the final ten marks. This makes it clear that internal assessments and the suggested assignments must be adequately taken into account if students are to receive good total percentages.

Students must read the ICSE Geography Class 9 Curriculum more than once before developing a study schedule that adheres to it. A well-prepared student makes good use of his time and studies hard. Students can plan their academic schedules wisely by considering all the important aspects.

The ICSE Class 9 Geography Syllabus is comprehensive and provides students with all the information they need to understand the subject, which is quite clear at first glance. Additionally, it serves as an example of how the ICSE opposes rote learning. With a thoughtfully created syllabus, marking scheme, internal evaluations, and other assignments, ICSE students can completely develop the subject.

Aims of ICSE Class 9 Geography Syllabus

• To become familiar with the terms, ideas, and concepts of geography.
• To elucidate the causal connections between natural events.
• To comprehend how natural resources are used and how regions grow.
• To learn about and understand how nations and different parts of the world are interdependent.
• To be aware of the resources’ availability, to comprehend, justify their application, and to recognise the challenges facing India’s growth.
• To comprehend and support the efforts made by people to protect and preserve the environment.
• To gain practical knowledge of maps’ purpose, application, and significance in the study of geography.

The students should be able to tackle these topics with similar knowledge after going over these objectives. Geography shouldn’t be studied just to get good grades on the exam. To support a student’s knowledge, comprehension, and intelligence development, they must be studied with the above goals in mind.

1. Our World

a. Geographic Grid: Longitudes and Latitudes.

• Concept of latitudes: main latitudes, parallels of latitude, their uses, and their locations with degrees.
• Concept of longitudes – Prime Meridian, time (local, standard and time zones, Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) and International Date Line (IDL). Eastern and Western hemispheres. 

b. Rotation and Revolution

• Rotation – direction, speed and its effects(occurrence of day and night phenomenon, the sun rising in the east and setting in the west, Coriolis effect)
• Revolution of the earth and its inclined axis – effects: the variation in the length of the day and night and seasonal changes along with Equinoxes and Solstices.

2. Structure Of The Earth

• Earth’s Structure: Mantle, core, crust – meaning, extent and composition. 
• Rocks – the difference between rocks and minerals, types of rocks: igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary, their characteristics and formation. 
• Volcanoes: Meaning, Types – active, dormant and extinct. Effects – constructive and destructive. Important volcanic zones of the world.
• Earthquakes: Meaning, causes and measurement. Effects: destructive and constructive. Earthquake zones of the World.
• Weathering: Meaning, types and effects of weathering. Types: Physical Weathering – block and granular disintegration, exfoliation; Chemical weathering – oxidation, carbonation, hydration and solution; Biological Weathering – caused by humans, plants and animals. 

3. Hydrosphere

Meaning of hydrosphere.

• Tides – formation and pattern. Ocean Currents – their effects(specifically of Gulf Stream, North Atlantic Drift, Labrador Current, Kuro Shio and Oya Shio.)

4. Atmosphere 

a. Composition and structure of the atmosphere. Global warming and its impact. Troposphere, Stratosphere, Ionosphere and Exosphere; Ozone in the Stratosphere, its depletion. 

b. Insolation:

• Meaning of insolation and terrestrial radiation.
• Factors affecting temperature: latitude, altitude, distance from the sea, the slope of land, winds and ocean currents. 

c. Atmospheric Pressure and Winds.

• Meaning and factors that affect atmospheric pressure.
• Major pressure belts of the world.
• Factors affecting direction and velocity of wind–pressure gradient, Coriolis Effect.
• Permanent winds – Trades, Westerlies and Polar Easterlies.
• Periodic winds – Land and Sea breezes, Monsoons.
• Local winds – Loo, Chinook, Foehn and Mistral.
• Variable winds – Cyclones and Anticyclones.

d. Humidity

• Precipitation – forms (rain, snow, and hail).
• Types of rainfall – relief/orographic, convectional, cyclonic/ frontal with examples from the different parts of the world. 

5. Pollution 

a. Types – air, water (fresh and marine), soil, radiation and noise.

b. Sources: 

• Noise: Traffic, factories, construction sites, loudspeakers, airports.
• Air: vehicular, industrial, burning of garbage.
• Water: domestic and industrial waste.
• Soil: chemical fertilisers, biomedical waste and pesticides.
• Radiation: X- rays; radioactive fallout from nuclear plants.

c. Effects – on the environment and human health.

d. Preventive Measures:  Carpools, promotion of public transport, no smoking zone, restricted use of fossil fuels, saving energy and encouragement of organic farming.

6. Natural Regions Of The World

• Location, area, climate, natural vegetation and human adaptation.
• Equatorial region, Tropical Deserts, Tropical Monsoon.

7. Map Work

On a map of the world with an outline, you must find, identify, and mark the following:

• The Major Natural Regions of the world – Equatorial, Tropical Monsoon, Tropical Deserts.
• The Oceans, Seas, Gulfs and Straits – all Major Oceans, Caribbean Sea, North Sea, Black Sea, Caspian Sea, South China Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Gulf of Carpentaria, Hudson Bay, Persian Gulf, Gulf of Mexico, Gulf of Guinea, Bering Strait, Strait of Gibraltar, Strait of Malacca.
• Rivers – Mississippi, Colorado, Amazon, Paraguay, Nile, Zaire, Niger, Zambezi, Orange, Rhine, Volga, Danube, Murray, Darling, Hwang Ho, Yangtse Kiang, Ob, Indus, Ganga, Mekong, Irrawaddy, Tigris, Euphrates.
• Mountains – Rockies, Andes, Appalachian, Alps, Himalayas, Pyrenees, Scandinavian Highlands, Caucasus, Atlas, Drakensburg, Khinghan, Zagros, Urals, Great Dividing Range.
• Plateaus – Canadian Shield, Tibetan Plateau, Brazilian Highlands, Patagonian Plateau, Iranian Plateau, Mongolian Plateau.

ICSE Class 9 Geography Syllabus: Exam Pattern

Before they even begin studying for the exam, students are torn between the two key components of success: hard work and smart work. When choosing smart work, students should be fully aware of the exam’s format so they may arrange their time effectively and prepare for the test with confidence. The ICSE geography exam for class 9 includes 100 marks, of which the written examination accounts for 80 and the internal assessment for 20.

There will be a two-hour paper worth 80 marks and a 20-mark internal assessment. The question paper is divided into Part I and Part II.

• Part I: There are two questions in Part I which are required. While Question 2 consists of a map-based question, Question 1 comprises short answers from the full curriculum. All questions are to be answered.
• Part II: Students must choose any of the five questions for Part II.

Acing The ICSE Class 9 Geography Syllabus

To stand out from the crowd of students, you must have a well-organised study schedule and regular practice.To ace the exam, it’s crucial to take no shortcuts. The class 9 ICSE geography curriculum attempts to educate students on key concepts and terminology in the subject. Given the extensive curriculum, it is crucial to comprehend the ideas fully. If you’re wondering how to ace this subject, keep reading to learn some incredible study techniques and strategies:

• Before anything else, arrange your study area. Concentration is aided by cleanliness, which also eliminates all external distractions.
• Take advantage of diagrams and flowcharts as much as you can. It saves your time and breaks up the monotony of studying.
• Solve sample papers from prior years to get a feel for the kinds of questions you might encounter in the future.
• Don’t rush through the study portion. Understanding and expressing the ideas in your own words can help you retain the important details and get higher grades.
• While studying, take periodic breaks.
• Describe your answers to others—this aids in clearing your thoughts and identifying your weak points.

Preparation Tips For ICSE Class 9 Geography Syllabus

Here are some of the best tips for the ICSE Class 9 Geography Syllabus:

• Create a schedule using the curriculum to cover the challenging subjects efficiently.
• Try to follow your daily study schedule and complete 90% or more of the daily study content.
• Make plans for revisions each week and each month. Make a few adjustments if you want to remember the majority of the information you studied. Solving exam problems from Past Years to better comprehend the exam questions on a subject.
• Take steps to lessen the anxiety and stress that come with learning. Make your course summary engaging. You can plan your study time such that your favourite subjects to read about and study alternate.
• Keep a positive attitude and confidence. Pay close attention to the work you do at school. To better understand the concepts and increase speed and accuracy, go through and solve many questions and Past Year Question Papers.
• Drink lots of water throughout the day, get enough good sleep, and eat healthy foods.

Some Tricks for ICSE Class 9 Geography Syllabus

• Carefully plan your studies: Before it’s too late, make a study plan. As you become familiar with the subject, make sure to practise the questions that will appear on the exam.
• Increase Your Speed: To increase your speed and accuracy for the forthcoming exam, practise answering questions from the last ten years.
• Examine Your Books: The majority of ICSE board questions only refer to your texts. Therefore, read through your books completely.
• Maintain Physical Wellness: Recognise that the strength of your muscles and abs has an impact on your mental health. It is always a good idea to go for a morning run or to take a 30-minute break to play badminton in the evening to relieve mental stress.

Benefits of ICSE Class 9 Geography Syllabus

• Students may benefit from using the ICSE Class 9 Geography Syllabus to do better on exams and earn higher grades.
• The syllabus thoroughly describes each chapter and topic that students will study throughout the academic year.
• The course overview lists the topics students must master and the creative assignments they can do during the entire year.
• The ICSE Class 9 Geography Syllabus is also followed by the professors, and students can prepare by referring to it.
• Professionals who carried out a comprehensive and in-depth curriculum analysis prepared the syllabus.
• The evaluation pattern for the Geography Curriculum helps students feel less anxious because they are used to the exam style.
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ICSE Geography Class 9 Syllabus

There is one paper of two hours duration carrying 80 marks and Internal Assessment of 20 marks. The question paper consists of Part I and Part II.

Part I (compulsory) consists of two questions. Question 1 consists of short answer questions from the entire syllabus and Question 2 consists of a question based on Map. You are expected to answer all questions.

Part II. You are required to choose any five questions.

(i) Earth as a planet

Shape of the earth. Earth as the home of humankind and the conditions that exist.

(ii) Geographic grid – Latitudes & Longitudes

(a) Concept of latitudes: main latitudes, their location with degrees, parallels of latitude and their uses.

(b) Concept of longitudes – Prime Meridian, time (local, standard and time zones, Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) and International Date Line (IDL). Eastern and Western hemisphere.

(c) Using latitudes and longitudes to find location. Calculation of time.

(d) Great Circles and their use.

(iii) Rotation and Revolution

Rotation – direction, speed and its effects (occurrence of day and night, the sun rising in the east and setting in the west, Coriolis effect)

Revolution of the earth and its inclined axis – effects: the variation in the length of the day and night and seasonal changes with Equinoxes and Solstices.

2. Structure of the Earth

(i) Earth’s Structure

Core, mantle, crust – meaning, extent and their composition.

(ii) Landforms of the Earth

Mountains, plateaus, plains (definition, types and their formation): Mountains – fold, residual and block. Plateaus – intermont and volcanic. Plains – structural and depositional. Examples from the world and India.

(iii) Rocks – difference between minerals and rocks, types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic, their characteristics and formation; rock cycle.

(iv) Volcanoes

Meaning, Types – active, dormant and extinct.

Effects – constructive and destructive.

Important volcanic zones of the world.

(v) Earthquakes

Meaning, causes and measurement.

Effects: destructive and constructive.

Earthquake zones of the World.

(vi) Weathering and Denudation

Meaning, types and effects of weathering.

Types: Physical Weathering – block and granular disintegration, exfoliation; Chemical Weathering – oxidation, carbonation, hydration and solution; Biological Weathering – caused by humans, plants and animals.

Meaning and agents of denudation; work of river and wind.

Stages of a river course and associated land forms – V-shaped valley, waterfall, meander and delta.

Wind – deflation hollows and Sand dunes.

Tides – formation and pattern.

Ocean Currents – their circulation pattern and effects. (Specifically of Gulf Stream, North Atlantic Drift, Labrador Current, Kuro Shio and Oya Shio.)

4. Atmosphere

(i) Composition and structure of the atmosphere

Troposphere, Stratosphere, Ionosphere and Exosphere; Ozone in the Stratosphere, its depletion. Global warming and its impact.

(ii) Insolation

• Factors affecting temperature: latitude, altitude, distance from the sea, slope of land, winds and ocean currents.

(iii) Atmospheric Pressure and Winds

• Factors affecting direction and velocity of wind – pressure gradient, Coriolis Effect.
• Permanent winds – Trades, Westerlies and Polar Easterlies.
• Jet Streams – Meaning and importance.

(iv) Humidity

• Humidity – meaning and difference between relative and absolute humidity.
• Condensation – forms (clouds, dew, frost, fog and mist).
• Types of rainfall – relief/orographic, convectional, cyclonic/ frontal with examples from the different parts of the world.

5. Pollution

(a) Types – air, water (fresh and marine), soil, radiation and noise.

(b) Sources

• Soil: chemical fertilizers, bio medical waste and pesticides.
• Radiation: X-rays; radioactive fallout from nuclear plants.

(c) Effects – on the environment and human health.

(d) Preventive Measures

Carpools, promotion of public transport, no smoking zone, restricted use of fossil fuels, saving energy and encouragement of organic farming.

6. Natural Regions of the World

Location, area climate, natural vegetation and human adaptation.

Equatorial region, Tropical grasslands, Tropical Deserts, Tropical Monsoon, Mediterranean, Temperate grasslands, Taiga and Tundra.

On an outline map of the World, you are required to locate, mark and name the following:

• The major Natural Regions of the world – Equatorial, Tropical Monsoon, Tropical Deserts, Mediterranean type, Tropical grasslands, Temperate grasslands, Taiga and Tundra.
• Rivers – Mississippi, Colorado, Amazon, Paraguay, Nile, Zaire, Niger, Zambezi, Orange, Rhine, Volga, Danube, Murray, Darling, Hwang Ho, Yangtse Kiang, Ob, Indus, Ganga, Mekong, Irrawaddy, Tigris, Euphrates.
• Mountains – Rockies, Andes, Appalachian, Alps, Himalayas, Pyrenees, Scandinavian Highlands, Caucasus, Atlas, Drakensburg, Khinghan, Zagros, Urals, Great Dividing Range.
• Plateaus – Canadian Shield, Tibetan Plateau, Brazilian Highlands, Patagonian Plateau, Iranian Plateau, Mongolian Plateau.

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Icse class 9 subject wise syllabus, icse syllabus class 9 english.

ICSE Syllabus Class 9 Indian Languages

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It is crucial to study using Sample Exams for the following reasons:

• Sample papers are the best place to find new questions.
• They support navigating competitiveness.
• You will learn from more questions about your mistakes.
• They will prepare you for all the mind tricks you will soon encounter.
• They will aid you in comprehending the format of the exam.
• They will assist in helping you recognise both your conceptual strengths and weaknesses.
• They will provide you with excellent time management assistance during the exams.

2. Are students able to prepare for final exams with the help of the ICSE Class 9 Geography Syllabus?

The ICSE Syllabus of Class 9 Geography is created to make it simple for students to understand all of the important subjects and concepts. The crucial chapters can also be understood by the students, who can thus gain a sense of what to study and how to organise their preparation.

3. Is a perfect score on the ICSE Solutions for Class 9 Geography possible?

Yes, anyone may pass the Class 9 exams with a perfect score if the Extramarks ICSE syllabus is used properly. Students should become familiar with the subject’s syllabus according to the most recent ICSE rules before starting their exam preparations. Students who regularly study important concepts will develop a solid understanding of the subject. Students that have a good study strategy will be able to achieve high exam scores confidently.

4. How can one study using the ICSE Class 9 ICSE curriculum?

The subjects and concepts studied in ICSE Class 9 should not be committed to memory by students. Before answering any question that might be asked on the exam, they must fully comprehend the concepts. When the students have finished studying all of the chapters, they should try to answer the ICSE Class 9 ICSE textbook exercise questions. After answering the practice problems in each chapter, check the ICSE Solutions to verify whether there are any errors or if all of the questions have been successfully solved. After closely comparing your answers to the solutions, move on to the questions that call for proper answers. To enhance your problem-solving skills, make it a habit to practise these solutions every day.

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Natural Regions of the World

Class 9 - total geography morning star, choose the correct option.

A part of Earth's surface which has a comparatively high degree of uniformity of structure, surface form and climate within it:

• Earth Region
• Surface Region
• Climate Region

Natural Region

The basic factor on the basis of which the world is divided into major natural regions is:

• temperature

In different natural regions human activities differs when there is dominance of:

• agriculture
• animal husbandry
• all of the above.

all of the above

Which of the following is true for the Equatorial region?

Temperature ranges from 25°C to 30°C

• Rainfall is orographic
• Crops like cotton are cultivated
• It lies in the temperate zone.

Equatorial forests : Broad-leaved evergreen trees :: ................ : deciduous trees

• Tropical grasslands
• Tropical monsoon forests
• Mediterranean forests
• Temperate grasslands

The top layer formed by the crowns of trees which grow close together:

• understorey
• emergent layer
• forest floor

Equatorial Region : Lungs of the World :: ................ : Granaries of the World

Which amongst the following is also called the 'natural cattle country'?

• Tropical Deserts
• Tropical Rainforests

Tropical Grasslands

• Mediterranean Region

Plants which are adapted to arid condition:

• Arid Plants
• Adapted Plants
• Xeropholic Plants

Xerophytic Plants

Question 10

Which amongst the following is not one of the Tropical Marine Type Area?

• Eastern Brazil

Question 11

Which amongst the following is the most common tree found in the Mediterranean Region?

Question 12

Steppes : Euro-asia :: Downs : ................

• South America
• Mediterranean region

Question 13

Which amongst the following is also known as the 'Cool Temperate Continental type' or 'Siberian Type'?

Taiga Region

• Temperate Grasslands

Question 14

The Tundra type of climate is also known as the:

• Antarctic Type
• Tundra Type

Question 15

In mid-winters (January) temperature in the Tundra is as low as:

• -15 degrees
• -10 degrees

-37 degrees

Short Answer Questions

Define the term 'natural region'.

A natural region refers to a part of the Earth's surface which has a comparatively high degree of uniformity of structure, surface form and climate within it.

Every natural region is a homogeneous unit in which the climatic conditions, soil, natural vegetation and human activities are uniform.

Name any four natural regions of the world.

Four natural regions of the world are-

• Equatorial region
• Tropical deserts

Briefly state the relationship between climate and human activities.

Human response shows broad relationship with climatic conditions. The relation between climate and human activities is striking in regions where the primary activities like agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry are dominant. These activities are governed directly by the climatic conditions.

For example, each climatic type is suitable for the cultivation of certain crops, as the crops can tolerate some range of temperature and need a certain minimum water supply.

State the location of the Equatorial Region.

The Equatorial region extends between 0-10° north and south of Equator.

What is the latitudinal extent of the Monsoon climate?

Tropical monsoon climatic region is normally located between 10° and 25° North and South of the equator. In India, it extends up to 30° North latitude.

Name the two dominant type of vegetation of the Equatorial region.

The two dominant type of vegetation of the Equatorial region are-

State the location of the Tropical Desert Climate type.

The location of the Tropical Desert Climate type is 15-30° north and south latitudes. They lie to the west of the landmass.

What are xerophytic plants?

Plants which are adapted to arid conditions are known as xerophytic plants. They are almost leafless and store water in their stems. Some plants have leathery leaves, others have thorns and still some have a repugnant smell as a means of protection against animal grazing. For example, thorny cactus.

What local conditions produce variation in the Mediterranean Type of climate?

As the Mediterranean region lies between the Tropical Deserts on the equatorward side and Cool Temperate West Margin region on the poleward side, it shares the summer drought conditions of the deserts at lower latitudes and rain in winter.

Many local variations are produced in the Mediterranean region-

• In the Mediterranean region, considerable East-West extent of the sea allows the westerly influence of winds to penetrate deep into the Afro-Asian landmass.
• On account of the local conditions and indented coastline, many local variations of the winds are produced.
• The Westerlies and the temperate cyclones travel from west to east and bring rainfall in decreasing order.
• In addition, cold Polar winds in winter are also sometimes drawn into the circulation of depressions like Mistral in the Rhone valley and Bora in the northern Adriatic Sea region. They cause great devastation.
• Southern winds like Sirocco in North Africa are hot and dry. They cause considerable damage to crops.
• Such weather patterns also occur in Oregon in USA, California, Cape Town in South Africa and central Chile.

State the rainfall pattern in the Mediterranean climate.

The rainfall in the Mediterranean region is experienced mostly in winter. The annual average rainfall varies between 35 cm to 75 cm. Rainfall is more on the Poleward sides of the region. The effect of this moderate rainfall is marked.

What type of vegetation is found in the Mediterranean region?

The vegetation in the Mediterranean region is of deciduous type . It is adapted to withstand a long period of summer drought. So the trees in this region have long roots and thick barks to retain moisture in the dry summer months. Short stature, moisture retentive trees grow here specially citrus fruits.

The dominant trees of Mediterranean region of Europe include oak, laurel, cork, oleander, beech and ash. Olive is the most common tree.

The North American Mediterranean region has dominant species of chestnut, maple and hemlock. Redwood trees of California forests are famous.

Towards the Polar regions and in highlands , coniferous evergreen trees are found. Cedar, pine, fir and cypress are the common varieties.

Name six Temperate Grasslands of the world.

Six Temperate Grasslands of the world are-

• Steppes in Euro-Asia
• Pustaz in Hungary
• Velds in Africa
• Prairies in North America
• Pampas in South America
• Downs in Australia

Why there are no trees in the Steppe type climate region?

There are no trees in the Steppe type climate region because of scanty rainfall, long droughts and severe winters.

Why is the climate in the Mediterranean region so called?

The climate in the Mediterranean region is so called because the largest stretch of area having such climate lies along the margins of the Mediterranean Sea. The regions having similarities with the Mediterranean region are located on the western margins of continents in the latitudinal belt between 30° to 45° North and South latitudes.

Structured Questions

Question 1(a).

Explain how is a natural region a homogenous unit.

Every natural region is a homogeneous unit because the climatic conditions, soil, natural vegetation and human activities in the region are uniform.

Question 1(b)

State any two common characteristics on which different climate zones are based.

Two common characteristics on which different climate zones are based are-

• The temperature, pressure, winds and humidity conditions so human response under different climate types is different.
• Landforms differ in different climatic regions.

Question 1(c)

Give a reason for each of the following:

(i) There is a uniformly high temperature in the Equatorial region.

(ii) Though Mt. Kilimanjaro is located close to the Equator, yet its peaks remain covered with snow throughout the year.

(iii) The Equatorial region is also called the 'Lungs of the World'.

(i) There is a uniformly high temperature in the Equatorial region because this region lies in the Torrid belt. At and near the equator, the sun's rays are almost vertical and have a high angle of incidence which varies between 66½° and 90° during the year.

(ii) Though Mt. Kilimanjaro is located close to the Equator, yet its peaks remain covered with snow throughout the year because of its high elevation. It is located at the height of 5,895 meters and we know that the temperature decreases with an increase in height. Hence, its peak has considerably lower mean temperature and rainfall.

(iii) The Equatorial region is also called the 'Lungs of the World' because the rainforests function as a giant machine that absorb a large amount of carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.

Question 1(d)

Discuss briefly the type of natural vegetation found in the Tropical Rainforests.

The vegetation found in the tropical rainforests shows four distinct layers-

• Emergent layer — It is at the edge of the forest and has trees like the kapok and mahogany which reach up to the height of over 50 metres.
• Canopy layer — It is the top layer, formed by the crowns of trees which grow close together. The canopy blocks out sunshine and wind.
• Understorey layer — Since the light is blocked by canopy, the plants in this layer, have larger leaves to maximise the light to be absorbed.
• Bottom layer — The forest floor has ferns and shrubs as well as climbers.

The main trees of rainforests include ebony, mahogany, cinchona, green heart, rosewood and rubber.

Question 2(a)

State the location and extent of Tropical Grasslands.

Tropical grasslands are grassland biome located in semi-arid to semi-humid climate regions of sub-tropical and tropical latitudes.

They lie roughly between 7° to 20° north and south of the equator.

Question 2(b)

Name the two distinct regions of 'Savanna' in South America.

The two distinct regions of 'Savanna' in South America are-

• Llanos of the Orinoco Basin
• Campos of the Brazilian Highlands

Question 2(c)

Give a geographical reason for each of the following:

(i) Deciduous trees shed their leaves in the dry season.

(ii) The Savannas are called the 'natural cattle country'.

(iii) Tropical grasslands have great potential for the cultivation of plantation crops.

(i) Deciduous trees shed their leaves in the dry season to prevent excessive loss of water.

(ii) The Savannas are called the 'natural cattle country' as many of the native people are herdsmen or pastoralists. They keep large number of cattle which are fed on the tall grass or the bushes and provide them with meat and milk.

(iii) Tropical grasslands have great potential for the cultivation of plantation crops like cotton, cane sugar, coffee, oil palm, groundnuts and tropical fruits because of 30 inches of annual rainfall and lack of severe cold.

Question 2(d)

Give a brief account of rainforests together with their location and types of trees.

The Equatorial region has a dense forest cover known as Tropical Rainforest. These forests are thick and luxuriant. The trees have broad leaves and are evergreen.

Location of rainforests — Rainforests are usually found in the equatorial region which extends between 0-10° north and south of Equator. The rainforests occupy low altitude areas near the Equator in South America especially in the Amazon Lowlands, Central and West Africa, in the Indo-Malay peninsula, and the New Guinea region.

Types of trees — The vegetation found in the tropical rainforests shows four distinct layers-

Question 3(a)

State the location of Tropical deserts. Name the two primitive tribes which inhabit the Tropical Deserts.

Location — Between 15° to 30° North and South latitudes are the Tropical deserts. They are called so because this latitude zone mostly falls in the tropical zone. They lie to the west of the landmass.

The two primitive tribes which inhabit the Tropical Deserts are-

• the Bushmen of the Kalahari
• the Bindibu of Australia

Question 3(b)

Describe briefly the Tropical Monsoon type of climate.

The Tropical Monsoon type of climate is found in Southern Asia with onshore wet monsoons in the summer and offshore dry monsoons in the winter. This type of climate has hot summers and cool winters with a distinct rainy season.

Temperature — The summer temperature varies between 27°C to 30°C in the coastal areas and 35°C to 38°C in the interior. The winter temperature is between 5°C and 18°C in the interior and between 22°C and 25°C in the coastal areas.

Rainfall — Summer rain provides a refreshing contrast from the dry conditions in winter. The Trade Winds in winter blow from land to sea. In India, due to the Himalayan barrier, they move in the North-East direction. They pick up moisture over the Bay of Bengal and cause winter rainfall over much of the Coromandel coast. The rainfall is not uniform in this region. The annual amount of rainfall varies from 75 to 200 cms. Cherrapunji in Meghalaya receives over 1200 cm rainfall.

Question 3(c)

(i) In the Tropical Desert climate region, Trade Winds are dry.

(ii) In the Indian subcontinent, there are three distinct seasons.

(iii) Agriculture is the chief occupation in the monsoon region.

(i) In the Tropical Desert climate region, Trade Winds are dry because the Trade Winds that blow in this region shed their moisture in the eastern margins of continents. They become dry by the time they reach the western side.

(ii) In the Indian subcontinent, there are three distinct seasons i.e., the hot dry season, the rainy season and the cool, dry season. The main cause for seasonal climate is the differential rate of heating of land and sea.

(iii) Agriculture is the chief occupation in the monsoon region because the rainfall during the Monsoon season provide much needed moisture to the soil and help in the growth of crops. Tropical agriculture is dependent on natural rainfall and a large labour force and crops are grown on small farms in the plains and terraced hills.

Question 3(d)

State the chief characteristics of the Mediterranean type of climate.

The chief characteristics of the Mediterranean type of climate are-

Temperature —

• Mean summer temperatures range between 20°C and 28°C.
• In the hottest month the temperature may touch a maximum of 30°C.
• Areas close to the oceans experience a lower temperature.
• In winter, mean January temperature may be from 6°C to 10°C. The temperature at night, in winter, may fall below 0°C.
• On account of the local conditions and indented coastline, many local variations of the winds are produced. The Westerlies and the temperate cyclones travel from west to east and bring rainfall in decreasing order.
• The rainfall in the Mediterranean region is experienced mostly in winter.
• The annual average rainfall varies between 35 cm to 75 cm.
• Rainfall is more on the Poleward sides of the region. The effect of this moderate rainfall is marked.

The deciduous type of vegetation and abundance of flowering plants indicate that there are four climate seasons- Winter, Spring, Summer and Autumn.

Question 4(a)

How are the Temperate Grasslands different from the Tropical Savannas?

Question 4(b)

State the locational extent of the Taiga and Tundra region.

Taiga region — This region lies between 55° and 70° in the Northern Hemisphere. Towards the poles, it merges with the Arctic Tundra of Canada and Eurasia at around the Arctic Circle.

Tundra region — This region lies roughly beyond 65° North on the northern side of the Taiga region.

Question 4(c)

(i) In the Mediterranean region of Europe, winds blow deep inside the land.

(ii) The Taiga region is sparsely populated.

(iii) There are no trees in the Tundra Region.

(i) In the Mediterranean region of Europe, winds blow deep inside the land due to the considerable East-West extent of the sea. On account of the local conditions and indented coastline, many local variations of the winds are produced.

(ii) The Taiga region is sparsely populated as the land remains covered with snow during the long, cold winter season.

(iii) There are no trees in the Tundra Region because of very short growing season of three months and the warmest month having 10° C temperature.

Question 4(d)

What type of climate is found in the north-western part of Europe? State briefly the human response to this type of climate.

The Cool Temperate Continental type or Siberian type of climate is found in the north-western part of Europe.

This climate is marked by severe winters of long duration and a cool brief summer lasting only 3 to 4 months. Heavy snowfall occurs during the winter. The rainfall varies from 25 to 100 cm. It is well distributed throughout the year, with a maximum in summer. In winters, the precipitation is in the form of snow, as mean temperatures are well below freezing point.

This region is sparsely populated. Here farming does not constitute an important economic activity as the land remains covered with snow during the long, cold winter season. Only in the sheltered valley and the lands bordering the Steppes some crops like barley, oats, rye, potatoes and beetroots are grown.

Thinking Skills

What do you think is the advantage of dividing the world into natural regions? Give reasons to support your answer.

The advantages of dividing the world into natural regions are:

• Environmental Understanding — It helps identify patterns and interrelationships within ecosystems, enhancing our understanding of the environment.
• Resource Management — Natural regions enable efficient allocation and conservation strategies for different resources, optimizing their use.
• Disaster Preparedness — By identifying high-risk areas, it allows for targeted mitigation measures and better preparation for natural disasters.
• Biodiversity Conservation — Natural regions help focus conservation efforts on unique habitats and endemic species, contributing to biodiversity preservation.
• Cultural Preservation — Recognizing natural regions promotes the preservation of cultural heritage and facilitates sustainable tourism initiatives.

In which natural region of the world is India located? Which characteristic features of this type of natural region are found in India?

India is located in the Tropical Monsoon region. The characteristic features of this natural region found in India are:

• Climate — India experiences a tropical monsoon climate, characterized by hot summers and cool winters with a distinct rainy season.
• Rainfall — The rainy season in India is from June to September. The annual rainfall varies from 75 to 200 cms. Mawsynram in Cherrapunji, Meghalaya has recorded heaviest rainfall in the world.
• Vegetation — The natural vegetation found in India's tropical monsoon region includes tropical deciduous forests, which shed their leaves during the dry season, and evergreen forests in areas with higher rainfall.
• Biodiversity — The region is known for its rich biodiversity, with a variety of plant and animal species. India is home to diverse wildlife, including tigers, elephants, monkeys, and numerous bird species.
• Agriculture — The tropical monsoon region in India is highly suitable for agriculture. The abundant rainfall and fertile soil support the cultivation of crops such as rice, wheat, sugarcane, tea, coffee, and spices.
• Rivers — The region is intersected by several major rivers, including the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Godavari. These rivers provide water for irrigation and support the agricultural activities in the area.