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Success Model Essays 2022 - PT3

SUCCESS SUCCESS U C S SUCCESS MODEL S S C E SUCCESS MODEL JC107222 SUCCESS MODEL ESSAYS Form 1 2 3 ESSAYS PT3 • • This book is designed to help pupils improve their writing SUCCESS MODEL skills. From the interpretation of the planning and writing process, the reader is guided step by step in the Model Essays. Each Model Essay illustrates the process of developing ideas into an essay by putting into practice simple yet invaluable SUCCESS MODEL ESSAYS ESSAYS principles of essay writing. ESSAYS This book also includes the latest PT3 format of the Writing Section, which is divided into Short Communicative Message CEFR and Note Expansion. Though aimed at Form 1 - Form 3 pupils, Form • • this book is also suitable for anyone who wants to write well. PT3 -Aligned PT3 1 2 3 Purchase Chong YS Audrey Lynn Raj eBook here! • Step-by-step guide for different essay types www.PelangiBooks.com • Online Bookstore • Online Library • • Samples of essays based on themes PelangiBooks • Word Bank & Idioms for Vocab Enrichment WM:RM19.95 / EM:RM19.95 JC107222 • Tips & Techniques for each section ISBN 978-967-2720-04-1 • Based on the latest PT3 format SUCCESS SUCCESS SUCCESS MODEL MODEL ESSAYS ESSAYS PT3 Form 1 2 3 • • Chong YS Audrey Lynn Raj CONTENTS Part 1: Short Communicative Message A EMAILS C INFORMAL LETTERS Introduction 3 Introduction 13 1 Online Classes 4 9 My Penpal 14 2 Family Outing 5 10 Join the Club 15 3 Class Party 6 11 Mom’s Birthday 16 4 I am Coming Home 7 D POSTCARDS B MESSAGES/ NOTES Introduction 17 Introduction 8 12 Lockdown Period 18 5 Stay Safe 9 13 Pen Pal 19 6 Movie Time 10 14 Thank You 20 7 Spend Time Together 11 8 Family Dinner 12 Part 2: Note Expansion Tips & Techniques 22 Introduction – Charts and Graphs 38 Introduction – Speeches 23 Sample Exercise 39 Sample Exercise 23 Introduction – Descriptive/ Introduction – Opinions 25 Narrative Essays 41 Sample Exercise 25 Sample Exercise 41 Introduction – Formal Letters 27 Introduction – Pictorial Compositions 43 Sample Exercise 29 Sample Exercise 43 Introduction – Informal Letters 31 Sample Exercise 32 Introduction – Reports 34 A Theme: People Sample Exercise 34 15 Covid-19 Pandemic 46 Introduction – Processes and Procedures 36 16 A Visit to a Rehabilitation Centre 48 Sample Exercise 36 17 Expressing Thanks for Support 50 iv PRELIMS SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 4 14/09/2021 2:45 PM 18 Congratulating Quiz Winners 51 44 An Impulsive Decision 100 19 Expression of Gratitude from a 45 Robbery in a Fast Food Competition Winner 53 Restaurant 101 20 Voting Wisely for Student 46 Going on a Transfer 103 Leaders 55 47 Mother Teresa 104 21 Farewell Gathering 57 48 An Ungrateful Son 106 22 Welcoming Visitors 58 49 Greed Does Not Pay 108 23 Expressing Thanks to the Host 60 50 My Best Friend 109 24 Bidding Farewell to Friends and Relatives 61 25 Choosing a Career 63 B Theme: Culture 26 Which is More Desirable, Working 51 Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic 112 from Home or Working in an Office? 65 52 Student Exchange Programme 114 27 Respect Has to Be Earned 67 53 Advantages of Studying Abroad 115 28 The Factors That Determine 54 Advantages of Studying Locally 117 Success 68 55 Advantages of Boarding School 119 29 Experience is the Best Teacher 70 56 Bidding Farewell to an 30 Application for the Position of Exchange Student 121 English Editor 72 57 Study Techniques 123 31 Invitation to Give a Talk 74 58 Changes to the Education Policy 125 32 Request for Sponsorship 76 59 Why Are School Holidays 33 Thank You Letter for a Gift Necessary? 127 Received 78 60 The Importance of Further 34 Expressing Sympathy for a Education 129 Friend’s Loss of Home 80 61 Studies Are the Only Priority 35 Advice to a Friend Who Has in a Student’s Life 131 Transferred to a New School 82 62 The Importance of School 133 36 Seeking Advice on a Problem 84 63 A Request for Accommodation 37 A Reply Letter to Give Advice 86 Overseas 135 38 A Weekend Camp 88 64 Giving Advice on a Scholarship 39 Report on English Campaign 90 Offer 136 65 Seeking Advice on How to 40 Report on Burglary 92 Organise a School Bazaar 138 41 Membership of Clubs in School 94 66 Advice to a Friend Studying at 42 Part-time Jobs Done by Students a Boarding School 140 during the School Holidays 96 67 First Week at University 142 43 A Story of Extraordinary Courage 98 68 Report by Head Prefect on Disciplinary Problems 144 v PRELIMS SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 5 14/09/2021 2:45 PM 69 Report on Bullying Incident 94 Should Cookery be Introduced as Witnessed during Recess 146 a Subject in Schools? 196 70 How to Make Cupcakes 148 95 How Can an Individual Benefit from Voluntary Work? 197 71 Programme for Prize Giving Day 151 96 Application for Part–Time Work 199 72 How to Create a Batik Collage 153 97 Visit to a Children’s Home 201 73 How to Create Your Own Bathroom Decor 155 98 Hospitalised for a Sports Injury 203 74 How to Cook Spaghetti 157 99 Comforting a Friend Who is Ill 205 75 How to Make a Clay Coil Vase 159 100 Apology for a Last-minute Cancellation of Plan 206 76 How to Make a Pizza 161 77 How to Make an Origami Hat 163 101 Eyewitness Report on Domestic 208 Violence 78 How to Make Pineapple Tarts 165 102 Report on Hit-and-run Accident 209 79 How to Make Bread Pudding 167 103 Newspaper Report on Road 80 How to Make Peanut Butter 169 Accident 211 81 How to Make a Mosaic Picture 171 104 Newspaper Report on Kidnapping 212 82 How to Prepare Baked Chicken 105 Death Toll of Motorists 214 Drumsticks 173 106 Tragic Day at the Adventure Park 216 83 Types of Movies Enjoyed by 107 Florence Nightingale 218 Students 175 108 A Diet Gone Awry 220 84 How Students Spent Their Holidays 177 109 A Tragic Accident That Took 85 Amount of Time Spent on Reading My Brother’s Life 221 in a Week 179 86 National Day Community Celebration 181 D Theme: Environment 87 A Family Day Carnival 182 110 Report on Students 223 111 Imported Waste 225 C Theme: Health 112 Earth Day Celebration 227 113 Replying to a Cousin Who Wishes 88 Covid-19 Quarantine 184 to Visit 228 89 Covid-19 Vaccination Programme 186 114 Newspaper Report on Floods 230 90 A Visit to a Soup Kitchen 188 115 Report on Abandoned House 232 91 Healthy Living 190 116 Report on Fire in National Park 233 92 Capital Punishment 192 117 Report on Improvement Needed in Residential Area 235 93 How Can Teenagers Deal with Their Emotions? 193 118 Report on Discovery of Rare Python 237 vi PRELIMS SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 6 14/09/2021 2:45 PM 119 Report on Illegal Logging 142 How to Make Banana Milkshake 283 Activities 239 143 Popular Television Channels 285 120 Report on Excursion for School Newsletter 240 144 Number of Vehicles on Jalan Desa Utama 287 121 Newspaper Report on Bee Attack 242 145 Modes of Transport of Students 289 122 How to Make an Ornament with Seashells 244 146 A Bicycle Accident 290 123 Itinerary for a Class Trip 246 147 An Amusing Incident You Witnessed 292 124 How to Make Potpourri with 148 Stranger Danger on the Internet 294 Rose Petals 248 149 A False Accusation 296 125 How to Make a Centrepiece with Eggshells 250 150 Directions to a Friend Who 126 Suggestions for Excursion 252 Is Visiting from Out of Town 298 151 Safety First 300 127 Suggestions for Improvement in Neighbourhood 254 152 The Inconsiderate Driver 302 128 A Disappointing Visit to the Beach 256 129 An Expedition to Taman Negara 257 F Theme: Consumerism 130 A Holiday in Cameron Highlands 259 131 A Community Effort 261 153 Useful Apps 305 154 Follow SOP 306 155 Are We Becoming Increasingly E Theme: Science & Technology Dependent on Foreign Maids? 308 156 Why Are International Schools 132 Online Classes 263 So Popular? 310 133 Faulty Speakers 265 157 Reporting a Lost Item 312 134 The Impact of Online Social 158 Complaint about Unnecessary Media on Teenagers 267 Disconnection of Electricity 135 Cyberbullying 269 Supply 314 136 Have Computers Truly Enhanced 159 Order of T-Shirts 316 the Education Process? 271 160 Prize and Certificate for Essay 137 Request to Visit Cake and Writing Competition Not Bread Factory 273 Delivered 318 138 Cautioning a Friend against 161 Complaint about Defective Revealing Personal Information Product 320 on the Internet 275 162 Hawkers in Taman Puchong Indah 322 139 Report on Slogan Contest by 163 Enquiry about Swimming Television Station 277 Lessons 324 140 How to Set Up an Aquarium 278 164 Wrong Delivery of Books 326 141 How Chocolate is Produced 281 vii PRELIMS SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 7 14/09/2021 2:45 PM 165 Illegal Food Stall in Neighbour’s 183 Appeal for Delay in Fee Payment 364 House 328 184 Sale of Revision Books 366 166 Complaint about Poor Internet 185 Change of Address 368 Service 330 167 Invitation to a Book Fair 332 186 Alerting a Friend to a Scam 370 187 Annual Report of the 168 Institutions Chosen for Tertiary Education 334 Service Club 372 188 Minutes of English Language 169 Sales of Food at Canteen 336 Society Committee Meeting 374 170 Number of Visitors to Merdeka 189 Report on Jogathon 377 Theme Park 337 190 Choices of Houses of Working 171 A Case of Food Poisoning 339 Adults 379 172 A Treatment Gone Wrong 341 191 Monthly Expenditure of 173 A Misleading Advertisement 343 Mr. David 381 174 Honesty is the Best Policy 346 192 Mrs. Chan’s Monthly Expenditure on Groceries 383 193 How the English Language G Theme: Financial Awareness Society Spent Its Funds 385 194 How Amin Spends His Monthly 175 e-Wallets 349 Allowance 386 176 Honesty Pays 351 195 Contributions of Various Groups 177 The Brain Drain 352 towards School Hall Building Fund 388 178 Rich People Are Happy People 354 179 Should Scholarships Be Awarded 196 A Scam 390 Based Solely on Academic Achievements? 356 Common Mistakes in Writing 393 180 Enquiry about the Cost of a Trip 358 Phrasal Verbs 395 181 Accommodation for Youth Camp 360 182 Permission to Carry Out Commonly Misspelled Words 398 Fund-raising Activities 362 viii PRELIMS SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 8 14/09/2021 2:45 PM Part 1 Short Communicative Message PART 01 SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 1 14/09/2021 2:47 PM 1. Short Communicative Message is tested in Part 1 of the Penulisan (Writing) paper. 2. A short text will be provided in the question and you need to respond to the text in approximately 80 words. 3. A total of 20 marks are allocated for this question and you should spend no longer than 25 minutes on this question. 4. There are 4 types of short communicative messages: Messages/ Notes SHORT Emails COMMUNICATIVE Postcards MESSAGE Informal Letters 2 PART 01 SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 2 14/09/2021 2:47 PM A Emails Introduction 3 PART 01 SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 3 14/09/2021 2:47 PM English PT3 Part 1 – Emails Model 1 Online Classes Model Question Read the following email from your cousin, Samantha. To: [email protected] From: [email protected] Subject: Lack of Motivation during Online Classes Hi Samuel, As you know, I have been having online classes at home since the Movement Control Order (MCO) started. Lately, I am feeling very demotivated to study but I don’t know how to overcome this problem. Should I talk to my parents, ask for help from my teachers or just keep my feelings to myself? Do you have any other suggestions for me? Regards, Samantha In about 80 words, write an email to Samantha to give her some advice. Model Answer To: [email protected] From: [email protected] Subject: Do not bottle up your feelings! Hi Samantha, First of all, I want you to know that it is completely normal to feel demotivated. However, you should try to talk to your parents about your feelings. It is important for us to share our feelings with other people so that they can help us find a solution to our problem. If you find it hard to talk about your feelings, you can write down the things that you want to say on a piece of paper. The most important thing is not to keep your feelings bottled up. I hope you will enjoy your online classes. Regards, Samuel USEFUL TIP When you offer a suggestion, you can give some ideas on how your suggestion can be carried out. 4 PART 01 SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 4 14/09/2021 2:47 PM English PT3 Part 1 – Emails Model 2 Family Outing Model Question Read the following email from your cousin, Mei Ling. To: [email protected] From: [email protected] Subject: Family Outing Hi Jun Hong, My family and I would like to go for an outing this weekend. Where should we go? Should we go to the zoo, the beach or the Science Centre? Do you know any other place that is suitable for families to spend time? Regards, Mei Ling In about 80 words, write an email to Mei Ling to give her some advice. Model Answer To: [email protected] From: [email protected] Subject: Family Outing Hi Mei Ling, A family outing during the weekend is a great idea! I wish to go on a trip too. I think you and your family should go to the beach. At the beach, there are many activities that you can do. You can go swimming with your siblings. You can also build sandcastles or collect seashells. Once you are tired from all the excitement, you can have a relaxing picnic with your family. I think you and your family will have a blast at the beach! Regards, Jun Hong USEFUL TIP The subject of an email should briefly summarise what the email is mainly about. 5 PART 01 SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 5 14/09/2021 2:47 PM English PT3 Part 1 – Emails Model 3 Class Party Model Question Read the following email from your class monitor, Fikri. To: [email protected] From: [email protected] Subject: Class Party Hi Cindy, Friday is the last day of school. We are having a party to celebrate. Should I prepare pizzas, sandwiches or fried chicken for the party? What other food and drinks do you think I should prepare? From, Fikri In about 80 words, write an email to Fikri to give him some advice. Model Answer To: [email protected] From: [email protected] Subject: Let’s have a pizza party! Hi Fikri, I am so excited for our class party! I can’t wait to play games and take pictures with everyone. I think you should prepare pizzas for the party. Pizzas come with many types of toppings so we can have a variety of flavours. It is also a lot of fun to share a pizza with friends. Besides, pizzas are more convenient as we can hold it with our hands. We do not need to prepare any plates or cutlery. From, Cindy REMEMBER! Your answer should be approximately 80 words long. Plan your essay before you start writing to avoid going over the word limit. 6 PART 01 SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 6 14/09/2021 2:47 PM English PT3 Part 1 – Emails Model 4 I am Coming Home Model Question Read the following email from your brother, Ashrul. To: [email protected] From: [email protected] Subject: I am coming home this weekend. Hi Ashraf, I am coming home from the university this weekend. But I don’t know if I should take the bus, the train or take a flight back. What do you think? Your brother, Ashrul In about 80 words, write an email to Ashrul to give him some advice. Model Answer To [email protected] From [email protected] Subject Trains are the best! Hi Ashrul, I am glad you are coming home. Let’s catch a movie together when you are back. I think you should take the train. The train is fast and comfortable. It will save you a lot of time as it only takes 2 hours to reach our town from your university. It is also much cheaper compared to taking the plane. The train station is only a stone’s throw from our house so we can meet you there when you arrive. Your brother, Ashraf REMEMBER! Arrange your points carefully. You can offer a suggestion in the first paragraph and provide the justification for your choice in the second paragraph. 7 PART 01 SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 7 14/09/2021 2:47 PM B Messages/ Notes Introduction 8 PART 01 SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 8 14/09/2021 2:47 PM English PT3 Part 1 – Messages/ Notes Model 5 Note – Stay Safe Model Question Read the following note from your mother. Lucas, I hope your first day back in school after the Movement Control Order (MCO) went well. Don’t forget to sanitise your school bag once you are home. There is a sanitising spray and sanitising wipes in the cupboard next to the door. Please let me know which type of sanitiser you prefer as I will be to the supermarket after work. Mom In about 80 words, write a note to your mother to tell her your choice. Model Answer Mom, I think I prefer to use a sanitising spray to sanitise my school bag and shoes after school. As my school bag is quite bulky, it is easier to use a spray. It is also more economical since a single bottle of spray can last for a few weeks. On the other hand, sanitising wipes have to be replaced regularly and they create a lot of rubbish since we have to throw them away afterwards. Please buy more sanitising sprays when you go to the supermarket later. I also need a bottle of hand sanitiser to bring to school. Lucas USEFUL TIP You can add extra examples of your own as long as they are related to the main topic to make your answer more interesting. 9 PART 01 SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 9 14/09/2021 2:47 PM English PT3 Part 1 – Messages/ Notes Model 6 Note – Movie Time Model Question Read the following note from your mother. Tasha, We are going out for a movie tonight. Would you like to watch a comedy, a horror film or an action movie? Or would you like to watch something else? Please let your Dad know so he can book the tickets. Mom In about 80 words, write a note to your Dad to tell him your choice. Model Answer Dad, Please book the tickets for our movie date tonight. I would like to watch the new action movie, Ending Game. The movie is about a police officer whose children were kidnapped. I think it will be full of action and very exciting. The main actor is also a very talented actor. The movie was shot in Switzerland so it will be very scenic and different from what we have seen before. I think you and Mom will really enjoy this action movie. Tasha REMEMBER! You must choose from one of the options given in the question or suggest an idea of your own. 10 PART 01 SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 10 14/09/2021 2:47 PM English PT3 Part 1 – Messages/ Notes Model 7 Message – Spend Time Together Model Question Read the following message from your friend, Suzy. Lily, I will come over at 11 a.m. tomorrow. Should we play board games, read magazines or make some desserts? Or do you have something else in mind? Let me know what you think so I can bring the things we need. Suzy In about 80 words, write a message to Suzy to tell her your choice. Model Answer Suzy, Why don’t you come over at 10 a.m. instead? That way we can spend more time together. I think we should make some desserts. I recently found a new recipe for chocolate cupcakes. It is made from dark chocolate instead of milk chocolate. I think it will be really delicious. We can decorate the cupcakes with some sprinkles and give it to our parents as a surprise. Don’t forget to bring your apron when you come over. I am sure our dessert will be delicious! Lily USEFUL TIP At the end of your answer, you can restate your choice to give it more emphasis. 11 PART 01 SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 11 14/09/2021 2:47 PM English PT3 Part 1 – Messages/ Notes Model 8 Note – Family Dinner Model Question Read the following note from your sister, Melissa. Zachary, Mom and Dad want to bring us out for dinner. Would you like to have Western food, seafood or Chinese food? Or do you have another suggestion? I want to make a reservation at the restaurant. Melissa In about 80 words, write a note to your sister to tell her your choice. Model Answer Melissa, Let’s have an early dinner tonight. I have a test tomorrow and I need to study for it. I would like to have Western food. We just had seafood last weekend so I want to try something else. Besides, my favourite food is pasta. The new restaurant is famous for their pasta dishes so I really want to check it out. They are also having a promotion right now. They have set meals for families which will be suitable for us. Zachary REMEMBER! Provide a few reasons to support your answer. You can also talk about why the other options are not suitable. 12 PART 01 SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 12 14/09/2021 2:47 PM C Informal Letters Introduction 13 PART 01 SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 13 14/09/2021 2:47 PM English PT3 Part 1 – Informal Letters Model 9 My Penpal Model Question Read the following letter from your penpal, Justin. 22 March 202_ Dear Darren, As you know, the All England Open finals took place yesterday. Fortunately, I managed to catch the live broadcast on TV. It was such an exciting match! As an avid badminton player yourself, what do you think about the two finalists: our national representative, Lee Zii Jia and the famous player from Denmark, Viktor Axelsen? From, Justin In about 80 words, write a letter to Justin to share with him your thoughts. Model Answer 23 March 202_ Dear Justin, Yes, I agree that it was indeed an exciting match especially during the final set! Although they are both very talented players, my personal favourite is definitely our very own, Lee Zii Jia! His badminton skills are very good and he is only 23 years old. His young age makes his achievements even more impressive. Did you know that he is from Kedah? As a fellow Kedahan, I feel very proud that we have an international athlete from our state. I look forward to his performance in the badminton world after this. From, Darren USEFUL TIP If you run out of ideas for your essay, you can try to relate the topic to your personal life or feelings. 14 PART 01 SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 14 14/09/2021 2:47 PM English PT3 Part 1 – Informal Letters Model 10 Join the Club Model Question Read the following letter from your friend, Sarah. 12 April 202_ Dear Iqbal, I want to take part in some co-curricular activities. I am thinking of joining either the Reading Club, Music Club or Nature Club. Which club should I join? Or do you have any other suggestion for me? From, Sarah In about 80 words, write a letter to Sarah to give her some advice. Model Answer 13 April 202_ Dear Sarah, How are you? It’s good that you want to take part in co-curricular activities. I think you should join the Reading Club. Reading is a very beneficial pastime. You can gain a lot of general knowledge from reading. You can also improve your writing skills. By joining the Reading Club, you can get to know other people who love reading too and meet people who share the same interests as you. For example, you can share your favourite books and discuss what you have read. I think you will really enjoy the Reading Club. Take care. Regards, Iqbal USEFUL TIP Elaborate on your main points by providing some relevant examples. 15 PART 01 SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 15 14/09/2021 2:47 PM English PT3 Part 1 – Informal Letters Model 11 Mom’s Birthday Model Question Read the following letter from your friend, Johan. 3 June 202_ Dear Hanif, I want to buy a present for my mother for her birthday. I am thinking of getting her either a book, a purse or a watch. Which present do you think is the best? Or should I get her something else? From, Johan In about 80 words, write a letter to Johan to give him some advice. Model Answer 4 June 202_ Dear Johan, I hope you are doing well. When is your mom’s birthday? Please convey my heartfelt birthday wishes to her. I think you should get her a watch. Your mom is a very punctual person. She will definitely appreciate having a watch to tell the time. Besides, a watch is very practical as she can use it every day. Whenever she looks at it, it will remind her of you. I think she would love to receive a watch from you. Let me know how it goes. From, Hanif USEFUL TIP When writing to a friend, you can extend your well wishes to their family members as well. 16 PART 01 SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 16 14/09/2021 2:47 PM D Postcards Introduction 17 PART 01 SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 17 14/09/2021 2:47 PM English PT3 Part 1 – Postcards Model 12 Lockdown Period Model Question Read the following postcard from your sister, Alia who lives in another state . Hi Yana, Stamp I am writing to let you know that I will not be coming home for Hari Raya Aidilfitri this year. Please inform Dad and Mom for me. As you know, due to the lockdown, I To: am not allowed to travel interstate. Nevertheless, I hope Yana, you will have a good celebration with our parents. Will No. 13, Lorong Asoka, you visit our Grandpa and Grandma or just stay at home 34555 Muar, Johor. for the holidays? From, Alia In about 80 words, write a postcard to reply Alia. Model Answer Hi Alia, Stamp Don’t worry, our parents will understand why you cannot come home during the festive season. We must adhere to the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) set up by the government so that everyone can stay safe during the pandemic. To: We are also planning to spend the holidays at home Alia, this year. Even though Grandpa and Grandma live in the Lot 24, Jalan Indah, same district as us, we want to avoid any unnecessary 78999 Seremban, gatherings. This is because elderly folks and young Negeri Sembilan. children are especially at risk of contracting the virus. Take care and I hope we can see each other soon! From, Yana REMEMBER! If you use any abbreviations (shortforms) in your essay such as SOP or MCO, always include the full phrase to avoid confusion 18 PART 01 SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 18 14/09/2021 2:47 PM English PT3 Part 1 – Postcards Model 13 Pen pal Model Question Read the following postcard from your pen pal, Linda. Dear Diana, Stamp I just arrived in Seoul, South Korea. It is my first To: time here. Should I go shopping for souvenirs, try the Diana, local food or visit historical buildings first? Can you No. 46, Jalan Kasturi, give me some suggestions? I really want to have a good 22344 Kuantan, holiday. Help! Pahang. Linda In about 80 words, write a postcard to Linda to give her some advice. Model Answer 1 Dear Linda, Stamp 2 I am glad you have arrived in Seoul safely. How is the weather like over there? 3 I think you should visit the historical buildings first. By visiting these ancient places, you can learn To: more about the country and its culture. This will help Linda Hashim, you to enjoy your trip more. Apart from that, you can Seoulmates Guesthouse, 4 Seoul, South Korea. also take a lot of beautiful pictures at these places. Then, you can upload the pictures onto your social media and show them to your friends and family. 7 5 See you soon. 6 Diana 1 Greet your friend 5 Provide a simple closing statement 2 Start by referring to the information 6 Sign your name given in the question 7 Write your friend’s name and address 3 Recommend a place to visit 4 Give good reasons to support your recommendation 19 PART 01 SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 19 14/09/2021 2:47 PM English PT3 Part 1 – Postcards Model 14 Thank You Model Question Read the following postcard from your neighbour, Daniel. Dear Shafiq, Stamp I am coming back from the village tomorrow. Would To: you like some fresh fruits, traditional handicrafts or some local snacks? Is there anything else that you want? Let Shafiq Farhain, me know. I want to thank you for taking care of my cats Lot 80, Lorong Manggis, while I was away. 66788 Ipoh, Hope to hear from you soon. Perak. Daniel In about 80 words, write a postcard to Daniel to let him know what you want. Model Answer 1 Dear Daniel, Stamp 2 It is my pleasure to take care of your cats. They are so adorable and fun to play with. 3 Thank you for offering to bring me a gift from your village. If it is not too much trouble, I would like to have To: some fresh fruits. As you know, I love to eat local fruits Daniel Shah, 4 such as mangosteen and rambutan. I heard that your Kampung Delima, village is famous for its big and sweet mangoes. Please Teluk Intan, 36000, bring me some fresh fruits when you come back. I can Perak. share them with my parents as they love to eat fruits as well. 7 5 Well, take care and have a great time. 6 Daniel 1 Greet your friend 5 Provide a simple closing statement 2 Start by referring to the information 6 Sign your name given in the question 7 Write your friend’s name and address 3 Suggest a souvenir REMEMBER! 4 Give good reasons to support your recommendation A postcard is a short letter, so the rules for writing letters also apply here. 20 PART 01 SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 20 14/09/2021 2:47 PM D Theme: Environment Model 110 Report on Students Model Question Report As the Head Prefect, you noticed that some students in your school did not follow the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) set by the Ministry of Education. In about 120 words, write a report to your principal about the situation. You may use the notes below to help you. Current situation in school Students did not Effects of follow SOP the current situation Report on students Role played by Suggestions Prefect Board to overcome problem Write your report. 223 PART 02D SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 223 14/09/2021 3:27 PM English PT3 Part 2 – Theme: Environment Introduction • State the purpose of the report Body • Current situation in school – students dispose their used masks carelessly • Effects of the current situation – unhygienic – troublesome for cleaners • Suggestions to overcome problem – put up posters Conclusion • Explain the actions that will be taken by the Prefect Board Model Answer Report on Students’ Adherence to Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) This is a report on the students of SMK Seri Harum who did not follow the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) set by the Ministry of Education. As we all know, one of the most important SOP is wearing a face mask at all times when in school. Recently, a survey was carried out by the Prefect Board to see if students are following the SOP. It was found that some students have not been disposing their used masks properly. Students have been carelessly leaving their used masks on the ground or in their desk drawers. The situation is especially bad after recess and right before school ends. It is important to not simply discard our used masks. Firstly, it pollutes the environment. It is also very unhygienic. If the mask is contaminated, it will expose other people to harmful bacteria and viruses. Moreover, it troubles the cleaning workers who will have to pick up after these irresponsible students. According to the SOP, used masks must be folded and tied with the earloops so that they do not unravel. Then, they should be wrapped with a layer of tissue paper before they are thrown into the dustbin. The school should put up posters about this matter around the school. This will remind students to follow the SOP at all times. Finally, the Prefect Board will also keep an eye on the students. Anyone who does not follow the SOP will be directly reported to the Discipline Master. This will ensure that the school remains safe during the pandemic. WORDBank adherence – following rules discard – throw away contaminated – not safe to be used anymore unravel – become loose 224 PART 02D SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 224 14/09/2021 3:27 PM English PT3 Part 2 – Theme: Environment Model 111 Imported Waste Model Question Article Recently, the issue of imported waste has been making waves in our country. In about 120 words, write an article for your school magazine to talk about your opinion on the issue. You may use the notes below to help you. Downside of recycling Concept of Imported waste recycling Imported waste Proper waste Illegal recycling management factories Write your article. Introduction • Explain the concept of recycling 225 PART 02D SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 225 14/09/2021 3:27 PM English PT3 Part 2 – Theme: Environment Body • Downside of recycling – incorrect way of recycling – risk of pollution • Imported waste – from other countries – earn money • Illegal recycling factories – not monitored – bigger chance of pollution Conclusion • Stress on the importance of proper waste management Model Answer Imported Waste Recycling is the process of turning old unwanted materials into new materials that can be reused. This way we will use less of the earth’s natural resources that are depleting at a fast pace. Many types of materials can be recycled such as paper, metals, glass and plastic. However, there is also a downside to recycling. When it is not done correctly, recycling can lead to pollution. For example, some materials are not suitable to be recycled. These materials are often burned or buried in the ground. If they are burned, the burning process will release dangerous chemicals into the air. If they are buried into the ground, they will contaminate the soil. Apart from that, there is the issue of imported waste. Imported waste is when a country imports waste from another country for recycling. This is mostly done to earn money from the recycling process. Malaysia is also involved in the business of imported waste. In 2018, Malaysia imported more than 1 million tonnes of waste from countries such as the US, the UK and South Korea. However, much of the waste were imported through illegal means. The recycling factories are operating without permission from the authorities. In other words, the recycling process is not monitored. As a result, there is an even bigger chance of air and soil pollution as well as other environmental damage. In conclusion, proper waste management and recycling are important for Malaysia to become a truly well-developed country. This includes the issue of imported waste as we also do not want to become the rubbish bin of the world. WORDBank resources – materials that can be used depleting – becoming less damage – harm 226 PART 02D SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 226 14/09/2021 3:27 PM English PT3 Part 2 – Theme: Environment Model 112 Earth Day Celebration Model Question Speech You have been asked to deliver a speech in conjunction with Earth Day celebration in your school. In about 120 words, write a speech. You may use the notes below to help you. Earth Day – to make people aware of the importance of keeping our planet healthy and clean Learn more about an Cook a healthy Give away items that environmental issue meal are no longer in use Write your speech. Introduction • Brief history of Earth Day • Purpose of speech – three activities to save the earth Body • Learn more about an environmental issue – share knowledge with classmates • Cook a healthy meal – vegetables and beans – organic meat • Give away items that are no longer of use – reuse and recycle Conclusion • Everyone can play a part in saving the earth Model Answer The very first Earth Day was celebrated on 22 April 1970. This day was created by American Senator, Gaylord Nelson, to make people aware of the importance of keeping our planet healthy and clean. Earth Day is a perfect time to reflect about what you are doing to help protect the environment. Today, I would like to suggest three simple activities that we can carry out to save the earth. 227 PART 02D SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 227 14/09/2021 3:27 PM English PT3 Part 2 – Theme: Environment The first activity is to learn more about the environment. Earth Day is a good time to make a commitment to learn more about the environment and how we can help to protect it. Read up on an issue such as pollution, endangered species, water shortages, recycling and climate change. Alternatively, learn about a region you have never encountered before, like the Arctic, the desert or the rainforest. Then give a short presentation to your class to share what you have learnt. The next activity is to cook a special Earth Day meal. Plan a menu that introduces locally produced food which is healthy and has minimal impact on the environment. Use vegetable and bean products as these use less resources to grow. If you would like to eat meat, look for locally-produced organic meat. Lastly, look into your closets and cupboards, and remove the things that are no longer useful to you. By giving away your old toys to younger children, you will learn two lessons. One is about giving to others and the second is about reusing and recycling instead of discarding things. Encourage your parents to do the same with their clothes, electrical appliances and books. Every one of us can do something to help the planet on Earth Day. Although our individual efforts may seem like a drop in the ocean, everything we do to help the planet counts, such as opting to walk to school or helping to clean up litter from our neighbourhood park! Thank you. WORDBank IDIOMS encountered – discovered or experienced a drop in the ocean – having a small impact – the effect of something impact on an important issue discarding – throwing away INFO CORNER Recycling one aluminium can saves enough energy to listen to a full album on your Ipod. Recycling 100 cans could light your bedroom for two weeks. Model 113 Replying to a Cousin Who Wishes to Visit Model Question Informal letters Your cousin has written to ask if she can visit you during the school holidays. In about 120 words, write her a reply to let her know that she is welcome to stay with you. You may use the notes below to help you. 228 PART 02D SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 228 14/09/2021 3:27 PM English PT3 Part 2 – Theme: Environment • Mention the places of interest that you will be taking her to visit • Ask if she would like other arrangements to be made • Request that she forward her flight details so that you can greet her at the airport • Express your delight that she will be visiting Write your letter. Introduction • Express your pleasure that she is coming to visit • Let her know that she is welcome to stay with you Body • She is coming at the right time – to witness the Harvest Festival • Mention the places that you will be taking her to visit – Mount Kinabalu foothills, Poring Hotsprings, island-hopping, etc • Request that she forward her flight details so that you can greet her at the airport • Ask if she would like other arrangements to be made Conclusion • Look forward to welcoming her to Kota Kinabalu Model Answer 38 Jalan Penampang, 88300 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. 2 May 202_ Dear Cousin Meera, How wonderful to hear that you are planning to come to Kota Kinabalu for a visit. Of course you are most welcome to stay with me. You are coming at the right time indeed. The month of May is very festive and colourful as Sabahans celebrate the Harvest festival, or Pesta Kaamatan. The month- long celebration culminates in a grand ceremony at the end of May. You will be just in time to witness it. 229 PART 02D SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 229 14/09/2021 3:27 PM English PT3 Part 2 – Theme: Environment I would also like to show you around Kota Kinabalu. We must take a drive up to the foothills of the majestic Mount Kinabalu. The Poring Hotsprings is nearby and we can stop to take a dip in the water. I will also arrange for us to go on an island-hopping trip. There are three islands off the coast which are absolutely fabulous for snorkelling. I am sure you will enjoy the clear blue water and the beautiful beaches. Do let me know if you would like other arrangements to be made. Please forward your flight details to me so that I can be at the airport to greet you. I am delighted that you will be visiting and I look forward to welcoming you to the Land Below the Wind. Your cousin, Vanessa WORDBank culminates – to bring something to a dramatic end witness – to experience an important event majestic – impressive and grand island-hopping – going from one island to another quickly Model 114 Newspaper Report on Floods Model Question Report You are a reporter working for a newspaper. In about 120 words, write a report on the flood situation in East Malaysia. You may use the notes below to help you. Include the following details: • Number of people affected • Road closures • Buildings affected • Cause of floods – heavy and continuous rain, water overflow from river • Report from Meteorological Department Write your report. 230 PART 02D SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 230 14/09/2021 3:27 PM English PT3 Part 2 – Theme: Environment Introduction • 800 evacuees – shelter at relief centres – flood situation worsened Body • Rising water level – many residents – low-lying areas – trapped at home • Main roads submerged, buildings and offices affected • Heavy rain and flood waters from Upper Rejang River – above alert level • Sibu outskirts – roads inaccessible to small vehicles Conclusion • Meteorological department – maintained orange-alert warning – rain clouds hovering above affected areas Model Answer KUCHING, Mon. – Some 800 evacuees sought shelter at relief centres as the flood situation in Sibu in central Sarawak worsened. Many residents in the low-lying areas were trapped at home due to the rising water level. Several main roads, including Jalan Nyabor and Jalan Central were submerged. Among the affected buildings were the Sarawak House shopping complex, two hotels and a petrol station. Heavy rain and flood waters overflowing from the Upper Rejang River have worsened the situation. An official at the state flood operations room said that the river had remained above the alert level for the past three days. She said that five roads in Sibu outskirts were under 0.5 metres of water and inaccessible to small vehicles. These roads include Jalan Salim, Jalan Stabau and Jalan Bawang Assan. The Meteorological Department has maintained an orange-alert warning for all surrounding areas due to rain clouds hovering above the affected areas. WORDBank evacuees – people who are taken from a dangerous place and sent to safety submerged – to be under the surface of water outskirts – areas far away from the town centre inaccessible – difficult or impossible to travel to hovering – floating in the air in the same spot 231 PART 02D SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 231 14/09/2021 3:27 PM English PT3 Part 2 – Theme: Environment Model 115 Report on Abandoned House Model Question Report You are a journalist working for a newspaper. In about 120 words, write a report about an abandoned house in a housing area for the newspaper. You may use the notes below to help you. • Abandoned house in Taman Orkid – eyesore to residents • Overgrown with weeds and strewn with rubbish • House in filthy condition – stench of rubbish • Hideout for drug addicts • Petty thefts on the rise • Home for stray dogs and cats • Residents want authorities to take action against owner • Statement from councillor – notice to the owner Write your report. Introduction • Abandoned house in Taman Orkid – eyesore to residents Body • Corner lot – overgrown with weeds and strewn with rubbish • House in filthy condition – past two years • Hideout for drug addicts • Petty thefts on the rise • Home for stray dogs and cats – endure stench • Residents want authorities to take action against owner Conclusion • Statement from councillor – notice to the owner – clean up within seven days – otherwise – council will clean up – bill owner for costs 232 PART 02D SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 232 14/09/2021 3:27 PM English PT3 Part 2 – Theme: Environment Model Answer An abandoned house at Jalan Anggerik 2/4, Taman Orkid, Shah Alam, has become an eyesore to the residents of the area. The house, which is situated at a corner lot, is overgrown with weeds and strewn with rubbish. The house has been in this filthy condition for the past two years. The Chairman of the Residents’ Association, Encik Rashid Abdullah, who lives opposite the house, said that the house is a good hideout for drug addicts. Coincidentally, the occurrences of petty thefts around the neighbourhood have also been on the rise recently. His house has already been broken into twice and he says that he fears for the safety of his family. The house has also become home to stray dogs and cats which are a nuisance in the area. Residents living nearby have to endure the stench emanating from the house. A resident, who wished to remain anonymous, said the windows are so dirty that even if he stands close to them, he will not be able to see the inside of the house. He urged the Shah Alam City Council to take action against the owner. Shah Alam Councillor Puan Ana Razak said that the council would send a notice to the house owner, ordering him to clear the rubbish within seven days. ‘If the owner fails to do so, the council will clean up the house and bill the owner for the costs of the clean-up,’ she added. WORDBank hideout – a place where somebody goes when they do not want anybody to find them stench – a very strong, unpleasant smell emanating from – coming from anonymous – (of a person) with a name that is not known or made public Model 116 Report on Fire in National Park Model Question Report You are a reporter working for a tabloid, The Penang News. In about 120 words, write a report about a fire which broke out in the Penang National Park. You may use the notes below to help you. 233 PART 02D SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 233 14/09/2021 3:27 PM English PT3 Part 2 – Theme: Environment Include the following details in your report: • Eight hectares of forest affected • Fire started at 3.00 p.m. – spread quickly • Dry spell and strong winds • Rescue personnel and fire engines – Teluk Bahang Fire Station • Rescue efforts hampered by lack of water supply • Firemen forced to use water from nearby lake • Took four hours to bring blaze under control • No reports of property damage • Cause of fire unknown Write your report. Introduction • Fire raged across eight hectares of forest – Penang National Park Body • Fire started at 3.00 p.m. – thick smoke – spread quickly – due to dry spell and strong winds • Twelve firemen and two fire engines – Teluk Bahang Fire Station – brought blaze under control • Statement from fire chief – rescue efforts hampered by lack of water supply • Firemen forced to use water from nearby lake • Took four hours to bring blaze under control • No reports of property damage Conclusion • Park officials unable to identify cause of fire – declined further comment pending investigations Model Answer PENANG, Tues. – Fire raged across eight hectares of forest in the Penang National Park yesterday. The fire brigade was called in at around 3.00 p.m. Thick smoke billowed as the fire spread quickly due to the current dry spell and strong winds. 234 PART 02D SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 234 14/09/2021 3:27 PM English PT3 Part 2 – Theme: Environment Twelve firemen in two fire engines from the Teluk Bahang Fire Station brought the blaze under control by 7.00 p.m. Teluk Bahang Fire and Rescue Department Chief Samsul bin Zakaria said a lack of water supply had hampered the firemen’s efforts to extinguish the blaze. Firemen were forced to utilise water from a nearby lake to supplement the water supply. As a result, he said, the firemen took close to four hours to bring the raging flames under control in the hilly area. There were no reports of property damage in the area. Park officials were unable to identify the cause of the fire. The officials declined further comment pending investigations. WORDBank billowed – the movement of smoke spiralling upwards spell – a short period of time during which something lasts hampered – made more difficult or complicated supplement – adding to the existing supply pending – until something happens Model Report on Improvement Needed in 117 Residential Area Model Question Report You are the Chairman of the residents’ committee of your neighbourhood. In about 120 words, prepare a report for the town council on the improvements that are needed in your neighbourhood. You may use the notes below to help you. • Only one access road – flooded during heavy downpour • Lack of public transport – nearest bus stop – 2 km away • No telephone lines for six months – most people have their own mobile phones – feeble excuse given by telephone company • Traffic congestion caused by night market – dedicated space needed Write your report. 235 PART 02D SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 235 14/09/2021 3:27 PM English PT3 Part 2 – Theme: Environment Introduction • Improvements needed in Sunnyvale Park, PJ Body • Only one access road – flooded during heavy downpour • Problem highlighted in newspaper – require an alternative road • Lack of public transport – nearest bus stop – two kilometres away – inconvenient, especially for senior citizens – extending bus route • No telephone lines – own mobile phones – feeble excuse given by telephone company – no Internet connection • Traffic congestion caused by night market – require dedicated space for traders Conclusion • Hope town council will take action to remedy the problems immediately Model Answer IMPROVEMENTS NEEDED IN SUNNYVALE PARK, PETALING JAYA The residents of Sunnyvale Park would like to highlight a few areas that require improvement and upgrading in the neighbourhood and victiny. The first problem concerns the access road to Sunnyvale Park. At present, there is only one main road servicing six residential areas, including Sunnyvale Park. When it rains heavily, the road gets flooded, thus blocking off the only means of access for residents. The problem has been highlighted in the newspaper many times, but nothing has been done to solve the problem. The residents want another road to be built as an alternative. The second problem is the lack of public transportation servicing Sunnyvale Park. The nearest bus stop is located some two kilometres from the entrance to our neighbourhood. Not all residents have private vehicles and it is inconvenient and taxing for residents, especially senior citizens, to walk that far. We would like the authorities to consider extending the bus route to cover our area. The residents have also been without telephone lines since we moved in six months ago. When we contacted the service provider, we were told that there was no urgency to install telephone lines as most people had their own mobile phones. We feel that this is a feeble excuse. It has caused a lot of inconvenience to those who cannot afford mobile phones. 236 PART 02D SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 236 14/09/2021 3:27 PM English PT3 Part 2 – Theme: Environment Lastly, we need a dedicated space for the night market, which is currently in an inconvenient area and causes traffic congestion. The situation is worsening as the number of stalls is on the increase. There are many improvements that need to be carried out in Sunnyvale Park. It is hoped that the town council will take the necessary steps to remedy the problems as soon as possible. Prepared by, Rahman Yahya (RAHMAN YAHYA) Chairman Sunnyvale Park Residents’ Association WORDBank taxing – needing a great amount of physical or mental effort extending – making something longer or larger urgency – the state of being important and needing to be dealt with immediately feeble – not good or effective dedicated – set aside for a specific purpose remedy – a means of correcting or improving something Model 118 Report on Discovery of Rare Python Model Question Report You are a reporter for a local daily. In about 120 words, write a report on the discovery of a rare python. You may use the notes below to help you. 30kg python – also known as batik python – caught and released back into the wild – caused a scare in village – villagers alerted Civil Defence Unit – personnel saw snake heading towards thick bush – had to wait an hour – professionals managed to capture snake – dangerous – can swallow goat or child – villagers relieved – no casualties or property damage – Officer advised villagers – not to attempt to catch snakes – call for professional help Write your report. 237 PART 02D SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 237 14/09/2021 3:27 PM English PT3 Part 2 – Theme: Environment Introduction • A rare four-metre long python discovered – Kampung Becah Keranji, Pasir Putih Body • 30-kilogramme python – also known as batik python • Caught and released back into the wild • Python caused a scare in village – villagers alerted Civil Defence Unit • Personnel saw snake heading towards thick bush – had to wait an hour – professionals managed to capture snake • Professionals said snake had to be caught – dangerous – can swallow goat or child • Villagers relieved – no casualties or property damage Conclusion • Officer advised villagers not to attempt to catch snakes on their own • They should call for professionals and wait for help to arrive Model Answer KOTA BHARU, Mon. – A rare four-metre long python was caught by Civil Defence personnel at Kampung Becah Keranji, Pasir Putih. The 30-kg reticulated python, also known as the batik python because of its body patterns, was later released back into the wild. Civil Defence officer, Lt. Muda Karim Hussin said the villagers alerted the unit after the snake caused a scare in the village on Sunday night. He said it took about an hour for the personnel to capture the python. ‘When we arrived here, we saw the snake heading towards the thick bush. We had to wait for an hour before our professionals managed to capture it,’ he added. According to the professionals, the snake had to be captured as it was dangerous and could swallow a goat or even a little child. The villagers were relieved that the snake had been caught and that there were no casualties or reports of property damage in the village. Lt. Muda Karim advised local villagers who encounter such snakes not to try and catch them on their own. They should instead call the professionals and monitor the whereabouts of the snake while waiting for help to arrive. WORDBank reticulated – built, arranged or marked like a net, with many small squares the wild – a natural environment that is not controlled by people casualties – people who are killed or injured in a war or an accident monitor – to check on something regularly 238 PART 02D SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 238 14/09/2021 3:27 PM English PT3 Part 2 – Theme: Environment Model 119 Report on Illegal Logging Activities Model Question Report You are a reporter working with a local daily. In about 120 words, write a report on the illegal logging activities being carried out in a nearby area. You may use the notes below to help you. • Illegal logging still a rampant problem • Based on tip-off from resident – news crew visited site in Selayang • Saw evidence of logging tracks on hill • Loggers adept at dodging the authorities – move to another site when one is raided • Timber transported at night through residential areas • Lorries using a different route – evade the authorities • Residents want the authorities to put a stop to illegal logging activities in the area Write your report. Introduction • Illegal logging is still a rampant problem Body • Tip-off received from resident – news crew visited site in Selayang • Saw many logging tracks on hill • Resident – claims illegal loggers very adept at dodging law enforcers – move to another site when raided • Timber transported at night through residential areas • Another resident used to see timber lorries at night – emerging from jungle – now all quiet – suspects lorries using a different route – evading the authorities Conclusion • Residents want authorities to put a stop to illegal logging activities in the area Model Answer REPORT ON ILLEGAL LOGGING ACTIVITIES IN SELAYANG Although there have been concerted crackdowns on illegal logging over the past few years, the problem is still rampant. 239 PART 02D SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 239 14/09/2021 3:27 PM English PT3 Part 2 – Theme: Environment Based on a tip-off from a resident, a team from the Daily News visited the site in Selayang. We saw many logging tracks on the hill near Empangan Batu in Ulu Yam, which can only be seen from the top of a hill in Taman Selayang Mulia. According to a resident, illegal loggers seem very adept at dodging law enforcers and they move to another site when one is raided. For example, lorries carrying timber from an illegal logging area in Selayang Utara are sneaking out at night through the residential areas to evade the authorities. Another resident, who lives near the site, said he used to see huge 16-wheeler lorries laden with timber emerging from the jungle at night opposite his house. However, he said that now all is quiet. He suspects that the lorries are using a different route and, as evidence, he pointed to the logging track visible on the hill. The residents hope the Selangor Forestry Department and the Selayang Municipal Council will put an immediate stop to the illegal logging activities in the area. WORDBank crackdowns – actions taken against an undesirable or illegal activity rampant – happening frequently adept – highly skilled dodging – avoiding somebody or something, especially in a dishonest way Model 120 Report on Excursion for School Newsletter Model Question Report The members of the Recreation Club of your school recently went on a three-day excursion. In about 120 words, write a report on the trip for the school newsletter. You may use the notes below to help you. Include the following details in your report: • 24 members participated • Packed camping gear, food, first-aid kit, water • 8.00 a.m. bus to Lumut, ferry to island • Arrived 3.00 p.m., set up camp, swimming, built a campfire • Next day – jungle trekking, picnic, swimming and beach volleyball • Third day – packed – cleaned up campsite – headed home Write your report. 240 PART 02D SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 240 14/09/2021 3:27 PM English PT3 Part 2 – Theme: Environment Introduction • Merdeka weekend – Recreation Club – excursion to Pulau Pangkor Body • 24 members participated • Packed camping gear, food, first-aid kit, plenty of water • Left KL at 8.00 a.m., boarded bus to Lumut, boarded ferry to island arrived at 3.00 p.m. • Set up camp – swimming in sea, campfire at night • Next day – jungle trekking, picnic at waterfalls, evening – swimming and beach volleyball • Third day – packed – cleaned up campsite – returned home Conclusion • Enjoyable trip – hope more members will participate in the next excursion Model Answer EXCURSION TO PULAU PANGKOR During the Merdeka weekend, the members of the Recreation Club went on a three-day excursion to Pulau Pangkor. There were altogether 24 members who participated in the excursion. We left Kuala Lumpur at 8.00 a.m., armed with our camping gear, food, a first- aid kit and plenty of water. We took a bus to Lumut and then took the ferry across to the island. We arrived at the island at 3.00 p.m. Our team leader, Halim Radzi, instructed us to locate a suitable spot on the beach to set up our camp. We spent two hours getting settled in and then spent the rest of the evening swimming. In the evening we built a campfire and cooked dinner. The next day, we all went jungle trekking and explored the island. We located a waterfall where we decided to have a picnic. In the afternoon we slowly made our way back to camp and spent the rest of the evening swimming and playing beach volleyball. The next day, we woke up early and began packing. We made sure that we cleaned up the campsite before leaving. We headed to the jetty and boarded the ferry to Lumut. We then took the bus back to Kuala Lumpur. It was indeed an enjoyable trip. It is hoped that more members will participate in the next excursion organised by the club. 241 PART 02D SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 241 14/09/2021 3:27 PM English PT3 Part 2 – Theme: Environment WORDBank excursion – a short journey or trip gear – the equipment or clothing needed for a particular activity locate – to find the exact position of something jetty – a platform for boats to pick up and drop off passengers Model 121 Newspaper Report on Bee Attack Model Question Report You are a journalist working for a local daily. In about 120 words, write a newspaper report based on the following notes you made about a bee attack. You may use the notes below to help you. Victim in lorry with grandson – suddenly swarm of bees entered lorry – both alighted – grandfather pushed grandson back into lorry – wound up windows – grandson powerless to help – nearby residents heard shouts – man removed shirt – set it on fire – bees flew away – victims rushed to hospital – died from allergic reaction to bee venom Write your report. Introduction • Sixty-year-old man died protecting grandson from swarm of bees Body • Victim in lorry with grandson • Suddenly swarm of bees entered lorry • Stopped lorry – both alighted • Grandfather pushed grandson back into lorry – wound up windows • Grandson powerless to help grandfather • Nearby residents heard shouts – man removed shirt – set it on fire – bees flew away • Victims rushed to hospital – dead on arrival – died from allergic reaction to bee venom Conclusion • Grandson – very sad – never forget grandfather’s sacrifice 242 PART 02D SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 242 14/09/2021 3:27 PM English PT3 Part 2 – Theme: Environment Model Answer KLANG, Mon. – A sixty-year-old man died protecting his grandson from being attacked by a swarm of bees in Hulu Langat. V. Lingam, 60, and his grandson, M. Gunaseelan, 12, were in a lorry heading to a temple in Section 2, South Estate, Carey Island, when the bees attacked them at 5.30 p.m. yesterday. Gunaseelan said the windows of the lorry were wound down and the bees suddenly flew in. ‘When we saw the swarm of bees enter the lorry, my grandfather stopped the lorry and we both hastily got out.’ ‘My grandfather grabbed me and shoved me back into the lorry, and I wound up the windows,’ he added. Gunaseelan said he saw the bees attacking his grandfather, but he was powerless to do anything. He said that some nearby residents heard their shouts and a man took off his shirt and set it on fire, causing the bees to fly away. Both Lingam and Gunaseelan suffered stings on their bodies and were rushed to the Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Hospital in Klang. Lingam was pronounced dead on arrival. He died from allergic reaction to bee venom. Gunaseelan is reported to be in stable condition after treatment. When interviewed, Gunaseelan expressed great sadness at the loss of his grandfather. ‘I will never forget how he sacrificed his life for me,’ he said. WORDBank pronounced – said something officially or publicly allergic – caused by a medical condition that makes you react badly or feel ill when you eat or touch a particular substance venom – a poisonous liquid that some snakes, spiders, etc. release when biting or stinging 243 PART 02D SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 243 14/09/2021 3:27 PM English PT3 Part 2 – Theme: Environment Model 122 How to Make an Ornament with Seashells Model Question Processes and Procedures Your cousin has just returned from a seaside holiday with an impressive collection of seashells. In about 120 words, explain to her how a decorative ornament can be made with seashells. You may use the notes and pictures below to help you. 1. 2. Glue Cut cardboard into shape of a Use a brush – spread glue all over heart – punch a hole at the top cardboard 3. 4. Glue Glue Glue on seashells one by one – Use coloured beads or sand to fill avoid the punched hole gaps – allow to dry 5. 6. Glue Repeat process on other side Slip a ribbon through the hole 7. Hang ornament in a suitable place 244 PART 02D SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 244 14/09/2021 3:27 PM English PT3 Part 2 – Theme: Environment Write your essay. Introduction • Many decorative ornaments can be made with seashells – a simple one – heart-shaped hanging ornament • Items needed – heavy cardboard, strong glue, coloured beads and seashells Body • Cut cardboard into shape of a heart – punch a hole at the top of cardboard – use a brush and spread glue all over cardboard • Glue on seashells one by one – arrange carefully – minimal gaps in between seashells – avoid the punched hole on the cardboard • Use coloured beads or sand to fill gaps – allow to dry – repeat process on other side of cardboard Conclusion • Once ornament is completely dry – slip a ribbon through hole – hang in a suitable place Model Answer There are many decorative ornaments that can be made with seashells. A simple one would be a heart-shaped hanging ornament. The items you will need are heavy cardboard, strong glue, coloured beads and of course your collection of seashells. First, cut the cardboard into the shape of a heart. Then, punch a hole at the top of the cardboard. Next, use a brush and spread glue all over the cardboard. Allow the cardboard to dry completely. Next, glue on your seashells one by one on the cardboard. Arrange them carefully to ensure that there are minimal gaps in between the seashells. Take care not to cover the punched hole on the cardboard. Once you have covered the entire cardboard with seashells, use the coloured beads to fill in the gaps in between the seashells so that the cardboard is completely covered. You may also use sand to give it a more natural look. Allow your ornament to dry for at least a day. You may choose to repeat the process on the other side of the cardboard. Once the ornament is completely dry, slip a ribbon through the hole and hang it on a suitable place. WORDBank minimal – the very least possible slip – to put something somewhere quickly 245 PART 02D SUCCES ESSAY PT3 1P.indd 245 14/09/2021 3:27 PM

Decoding Essay writing for PT3 English 2021

7 minutes to read

• 01. Rule of Thumb to Learn and Master PT3 Writing Paper
• 02. Comparison on PT3 Writing Papers Format
• 03. How to Answer PT3 Writing Paper Part 1
• 04. How to Answer PT3 Writing Paper Part 2
• 05. PT3 Essay Writing Tips

PT3 (Form Three Assessment) is an assessment of students' academic achievement at the lower secondary education level from Form 1 to Form 3. There are several examinations to be done by PT3 candidates including specialized work, oral speaking test, listening test and written test.

Writing can improve the learning abilities of students. This is necessary in schools and colleges. Students should not feel burdened at writing work and must feel that this is so ‘kacang’ or easy to do. It can be done with little pain; maybe a little.

“No hustle, No gain”

I will guide you more as you read on. You can also read more on PT3 2021 Format.

Rule of Thumb to Learn and Master PT3 Writing Paper

The first rule of thumb is to understand communicative language teaching (CLT) approach. This can be applied by both teachers and parents. How to do this?

Learning through English communication – to allow students to have a natural conversation and involved in real communication. Through time, students won’t have any trouble expressing themselves in English.

Communication is more prominent compared to linguistic rules – Everything is good as long as the student is able to create a conversation even though they are using broken English.

The second rule of thumb is to know that it's okay to make a few mistakes. The journey to gain knowledge may not be a straight road and might be a bit bumpy. Therefore, making a little slip can be acceptable as long as the students are able to convey the message through communication.

Just remember to write and converse in ‘Natural English’ .

Comparison on PT3 Writing Papers Format

Starting from 2019, a new form of assessment format was announced by  The Examination Board of the Ministry of Education Malaysia  for form 3 KSSM English. There was quite a few changes going on and it also brings to attention on how the writing paper will differ from the previous years.

I have listed the similarities and the differences between the older writing format and the newer one in terms of the questions and also the marking below.

SIMILARITIES

How to Answer PT3 Writing Paper Part 1

Look at the following email and write a reply to Alia giving some advice, in about 80 words.

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I’m looking forward to the next school holiday.

I would like to go travelling or take extra classes for my upcoming PT3 examination – or maybe something else?

What should I do?

Let me know what you think!

So, how should you answer?

The first question in part 1 is to write a short message or reply to an e-mail or of the same sort. As a teacher myself, we usually taught students to always bid greetings. Well, it is in our Malaysian cultures too, right?

However, in the latest format, you can just SKIP THE GREETINGS; write it straight to the point! Let’s go back to the previous section where I told you to use English as naturally as possible.

Just imagining you are directly replying to her in the real world or in person. Just start responding by explaining why she should do this and not doing the other or you can also suggest a new idea. End your message with a sweet ending. Remember to keep your reply short but compact.

For example,

Hi, I think you should spend your time traveling with your family during the school holiday. This is the time for you to rest your mind and body as you cannot be stressed out before sitting on your examination. Plus, you can always study while traveling too. You have online tutors, right? So, there should not be any problem for you to kill two birds with one stone. I know how much you would like to excel in your studies. Hope this helps.

Easy and simple right? You do not need to write any greetings anymore. Even the mark weightage for this simple 80 words short sentences is 20 marks!

Some students asked me, do you need to use bombastic words, any jargon or idioms? Yes, you can my dear. But you do not need to use it throughout your essay.

Remember, keep your writing as simple as possible and use natural words. Besides, you can reduce your mistakes too.

I have written about PT3's latest marking scheme too. Check it out.

How to Answer PT3 Writing Paper Part 2

For the second part of the writing paper, you’ll need to write a 120 words essay on any general topics. We can say that part two are almost similar to guided writing.

Look at the sample questions.

In a tennis club, you have been talking about the next inter-school tournament.

In about 120 words, write an essay about the preparations needed for the tournament.

You may use the notes below to help you.

When is the tournament?

• Where is the venue?
• Who can be the club representative?
• Why should the tennis club participate?
• How to register for the tournament?
• What is the other preparation needed?

Write your essay

This part is easier compared to the previous part in this section. Here, the topic is general and there is no format needed. All the points are straight forward too. Therefore, remember to keep things simple.

There are 6 notes given to help you construct your essay. Use it! For each bullet, try to write at least 3 short sentences. Just about 7 words.

7 words x 3 sentences x 6 bullets = 122 words!

Cool right?

Let me show you how 7 words x 3 sentences can be constructed from the notes given above.

The Inter-school Tennis Tournament will be held on May 16, 2021. This is in conjunction with the Teacher's Day Celebration. Every player is expected to arrive at 8 am.

You can see from the sample answer that each note needs to have at least 3 sentences to make up 1 paragraph. You only need to write about 120 words for each essay.

PT3 Essay Writing Tips

There are several rules to remember when answering your essay questions.

Write your PT3 Essay accordingly to the questions.

DO NOT OVERWRITE your essay. You should minimize the words you use in each sentence. Remember the more sentences you write, the higher the chances of mistakes. Simple is better so you can reduce the chances of losing more marks.

Write your PT3 Essay with an easy and understandable answer

You need to make sure what you write can be understood by the examiner. With this said, you need to be extra careful in your sentence construction. Pay attention to your grammar, especially the tenses. Make sure it is consistent.

Write your PT3 Essay with a neat Handwriting

This is by most, a crucial part in writing an essay. Examiners will be pleased if you have a neat handwriting. It is okay if your handwriting is bad but make sure it is neat. Do not let your answer sheet look like scraps paper!  This is very important, not only for the examiner, but also for yourself to easily spot your spelling mistakes.

Write your PT3 Essay naturally and straightforward

For the latest PT3 format, you just need to answer as natural as possible. This means, you should use simple words to construct your sentences. Your answer should be straight forward. You don't need to beat around the bush with flowery wordings and sentences like the previous format.

You can use jargon or complicated words but not too much. This is to minimize the risk of misperception from the marker and the chances that you use it wrongly is very high too.

Learn from the expert for PT3 Essay Writing

It might be hard for you to write in English even though you have good English communication skills. This happens even to the English native speaker too. You can always find help from experts.

Get help from your teacher. They are surely more than happy to assist you. Besides, they are the best expert you can find near you as the 2021 PT3 Latest Marking Scheme will be marked internally. Therefore, you should start to do good to your teachers!

You can take a look at PT3 past year questions to understand more on the type of questions that might come out. Everything from the latest format, essay writing and past year questions are compiled in the Complete Guide to PT3 English for you to check out.

You can also contact Superprof essay writing experts. All of them have excellent track of experience and high records at providing guidance to students for over a decade!

“ An investment in knowledge, pays the best Interest” -Ben Franklin

Do not be scared of examinations. Failing is the best teacher in life. Remember, none of the successful people in the world had an easy life. They fall, they stand up again and again. When they crumble, they keep on rising. When they are hurt, they always patch themselves up and keep moving forward.

I wish you all the best!

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Alia Jamaludin

Alia Jamaludin is known as a passionate environmentalist and animal lover. By being both educator and writer, she can reach out her positive thought to almost every being on this planet.

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Thank for so much. This is what I really want to find

We’re super glad that this article has helped you

this is veerrrryyyy helpful thank-you thank-you thank-you!!!

This article was very helpful! It is simple and direct but it gave me everything I need for my students!

I’m glad you found it helpful!

May I know is there only email or short message in writing paper Part 1 ?

PT3ENGLISH.com

For teachers and students, what you need to know about the new pt3 writing paper [2019].

New format new format new format!

Yes Months ago KPM released the new format and everyone is asking me. HOW?

In this post, we try to answer all your questions. hopefully it helps make teaching easier for you parents and teachers out there.

DISCLAIMER:

SINCE THERE’S NO OFFICIAL GUIDELINE FROM THE KPM YET, WHAT I SHARE IS BASED ON WHAT I HAVE READ AND WHAT I LEARNED. IT MIGHT NOT BE 100% ACCURATE BUT IT CAN SERVE AS A REFERENCE IF YOU WISH. 

Old Writing Paper VS New Writing Paper

SIMILARITIES

DIFFERENCES

HOW TO ANSWER THE NEW WRITING PAPERS?????

Rule of thumb 1:     understand what is clt (communicative language teaching) approach.

If you are a teacher, you might just need a little bit of flashback , then you will know the idea of it. I am not going to go into how the famous linguists started all this, but if you’re interested, you can go ahead and read more about it. THE NEW FORMATS BASE A LOT ON THE IDEA OF CLT. (please correct me if I’m wrong)

But, if you’re a parent, I’ll give you a simple idea about this approach and how you can help guide your children in their learning.

‘NATURAL’

Every answer should reflect ‘natural English’. This is a very vague idea because what is considered natural and what is not can be subjective. Especially when the situation now is that we still do not have a written guide.

I’ll give you more examples as you read on…

RULE OF THUMB 2:    It’s Okay to Have Some Slips

One thing teachers have to get used to is that, we should be okay with little slips here and there. Not that we want to encourage students to do them, but we should remind ourselves to focus on the ‘communication’

“Did the student successfully convey the message?”

if yes, why punish so bad?

And because I do not want students think it’s okay to make certain mistakes, I shall not give any examples here. Rule of thumb is, give the best form of English you know.

HOW TO ANSWER PART 1

1. Go Sraight To The Point

Previously, many teachers, even I am guilty of this.

We ask students to start with greetings.

“Hi, how are you? I hope you are fine. I am fine here.”

That is considered BAD in the new format. Why? Because it’s NOT NATURAL.  Think about this,

A:   “What are you going to do this weekends?”

B:   “Hey, how are you? Im good. By the way, I am planning to go to the library this Saturday.”

B:   “I am thinking to go to the library this Saturday.”

Which is more natural in your daily life? There you go. Remember, natural language wins. 

So in the new format we want to take away all the not so natural greetings and go straight to the point.

That’s how we all should respond to part 1.

2. Explain All the Good Things and Some of the Bad Things

One way to help students elaborate is to get them to think about the good things about their choice and the bad things about what they have rejected.

For example, from the question, lets choose cooking.

You already have  62 words – only by listing down all the good things about your choice of hobby.

What if the students don’t have so many ideas?

Then, write some negative things about the others

3. A Short and Sweet Ending 

Again, write as natural as you can.

HOW TO ANSWER PART 2

1. No more format (Maybe?)

This looks like the new direction but again I can’t tell for sure. Most likely, no format.

2. Use the guide questions. (WH-questions)

This sounds like a cliche, but if you learn to build sentences around WH-questions, you should be able to build a solid form 3 level essay. Just imagine building 3 sentences for each question, how many words can you get from there?

3. A freer topic means more room to focus on the language.

The new question seems to be giving more room for students’ own idea, you can use the opportunity to focus on things that your students can relate to, and get them to write. For example, you no longer ask them to write about Hari Raya, get them to write about the celebration that they celebrate i.e: Christmas, Chinese New Year, Kaamatan, Deepavali, etc. This way, students with all kinds of background can relate and can spend more time on building the language and fixing them.

4. Keep thing Short and Simple

I don’t see why you need to write so looooooongggg, thinking you can get more marks from longer text. If the question asks for about 120 words, I think getting to 150 words is great already.

Always, for weaker students, keep sentences short and simples, but one thing for sure for the A students to the struggling students. Everyone should aim for one thing

Have MEANING in what you write:

• You’re telling something in response to the questions,
• Readers get something from the answers

That’s about it. Comment and let me know what you think about the new format! Don’t forget to check out our latest E-package. We write everything based on the latest format. Hit us up on FB if you have more questions!

23 thoughts on “ What you need to know about the new PT3 WRITING PAPER [2019] ”

Regarding to part 2,do you have to write the essay like telling a story (our feelings,witnessed things and such?) Please do help me

it depends on the questions, if it’s not a story you don’t need to write those. Do you have a sample question that I can take a look at?

i guess not anymore. the question is just like the above

thank you!really helpful and i really apreciated it!

Hai… What about HOTS? How can we tell if the students had applied HOTS in their writing according to the marking scheme? Is there a proper marking c scheme where HOTS can be embedded in it?

While there’s no special mention of HOTs in the scheme given, I believe when a student successfully applies HOTs in their writing, it will show a great difference in their ‘content’ , and that’s where we can award them according. What do you think?

Is it compulsory to write at least 120 words for notes expansion or can the pupils write lesser than 120 words?

Hi Nassernawawi,

if the question asks for around 120, we should at least have around 120 words. 🙂

Hi, good day. Is it possible for you to share the marking scheme ? Kindly explain on it, thx

Should i put at least 2 bombastic words in an essay or more?

I’d say use the words that you feel most suitable with the meaning you want to convey.

What kind of format will be out for part 2? currently, i’m teaching my students about recount, report, speech, article and informal letter.

This is the first time that I come across with your website. Your posts are really helpful, I would comment. My question is, how do teachers mark both the essays, I mean the mark distribution? (e.g. 10m for language and 10m for content….)

Thanks in advance.

Thanks… Pray for me tomorrow.. I hope the english test are going to be easy

Thank you, and now i know how to answer the format of the english paper

thank you for helping and guiding us…

Good now I know how to score with flying colours

I love it. Now I am sure that I am going to get A in English Paper.

terima kasih tinggal membantu kami

thank u very much i really appreciate it now i understand everything hope i got A next exam

Good for me,thank youu

Hi.. what if students exceeded the 120 word count? will they be penalize ?

As far as I know, they will not be penalised for that

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Sample Essays

The breadth of Georgetown’s core curriculum means that students are required to write for a wide variety of academic disciplines. Below, we provide some student samples that exhibit the key features the most popular genres. When reading through these essays, we recommend paying attention to their 

1. Structure (How many paragraphs are there? Does the author use headers?) 

2. Argument (Is the author pointing out a problem, and/or proposing a solution?) 

3. Content (Does the argument principally rely on facts, theory, or logic?) and 

4. Style (Does the writer use first person? What is the relationship with the audience?)

Philosophy Paper

• Singer on the Moral Status of Animals

Theology Paper

• Problem of God
• Jewish Civilization
• Sacred Space and Time
• Phenolphthalein in Alkaline Solution

History Paper

• World History

Literature Review

Comparative Analysis 

Policy Brief

• Vaccine Manufacturing

White Paper

Critical Analysis

• Ignatius Seminar

How To Write An Essay

Essay Format

Essay Format - An Easy Guide & Examples

10 min read

Published on: Nov 14, 2020

Last updated on: Jul 23, 2024

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Drafting a perfect college essay is very important for students' academics. And to write a perfect essay, its formatting is important.

An essay is a formal piece of writing. Any formal writing requires proper structure and formatting. You can not just jumble up information and expect your essay to be effective. Its clarity depends on the format you choose. 

This blog is written to give a better understanding of an essay format and the general guidelines of each type of format to present the gathered information in a disciplined way. 

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What is an Essay Format? 

An essay format is a way in which the information is organized for your essay. The format of an essay has a lot to do with the presentation of the text. If your essay is poorly structured or lacks a format, your readers will have difficulty understanding the main argument and the idea. 

Readers will never continue reading something that is confusing or gives the impression that a writer is sloppy. 

A standard format to write your essay or paper is the linear approach. In this, each idea is presented to make it easier for the readers to understand. If you know how to structure an essay, you are halfway through. 

Types of Essay Formats 

There are 3 basic formatting styles or types in which all essays and papers are formatted. They are:

Whether you are writing a research paper or a general academic essay, you have to choose a format to draft it. Students are often assigned a format by their instructors, so they should read the guidelines carefully. 

How to Write an Essay in MLA Format? 

MLA format style is quite common in the humanities world. Papers and essays that are to be written in this format should fulfill the following requirements. 

• The font you are using should be Times New Roman in 12pt.
• Double spacing. 
• No extra space between the new paragraphs
• One inch margin on both sides of the paper
• Page number in the header.
• Essay title in the center of the page.
• Sources mentioned in “work cited” 

MLA vs. APA

Before we move to another common essay format APA, you should know that MLA and APA are different from each other.  

Look at the table below and know their differences and similarities. 

How to Write an Essay in APA Format? 

Unlike MLA format, the APA format is used for scientific papers and essays. Essays are written for behavioral or social sciences follow this format. Following are the guidelines for the American Psychological Association format:

• Font or Text in Times New Roman 12pt
• One inch margin (both sides)
• Double spacing in the text
• A short title on the upper left-hand corner in the header
• The page number on the right in the header
• A title page with the information, including the writer’s name, institution, instructor, and date.
• Reference page (for the citation)

APA Format Essay Example

Chicago Essay Format 

Chicago style essay format is a bit similar to the other format style guides. This format includes;

• Double spacing
• Margins (one inch both left margin and right margin)
• Times New Roman 12pt font size
• Page number in the header
• Footnotes on quoted and paraphrased passages 
• An alphabetical arrangement of citations on the bibliography page. 

Chicago Format Essay Example

Basic Parts of an Essay Format 

A typical and general format that an essay uses is simple. Every type of essay can be written in that format. Following are the parts that an essay format is based on:

In order to make sure that your academic essay is effective, each of the parts should be drafted professionally. 

Here is an essay structure! 

Continue reading to understand each part in detail. 

1. Cover Or Title Page   

The cover or title page is the first page on which the topic of your paper or essay is presented. Along with this, the title page includes other information such as the name of the writer, instructor, institution, course, and the submission date.   2. An Abstract 

An abstract is a brief summary of your essay or research paper. It is usually a 300-word long paragraph and precisely presents the purpose of the essay, the main thesis statement, and the study’s design. 

3. Table Of Contents

When you are drafting a long essay or paper, a table of content is developed. In this table, headings and subheadings are presented along with their page numbers. The reader navigates your work using this table of content. 

4. Introduction 

An introduction is the first section of your essay. When writing a short essay of about 300 - 1000 words, a writer directly starts with an introduction after stating the essay topic. 

An introduction of an essay is as important as the body of it. The essay introduction discloses the main idea of the essay and attempts to motivate readers to read the essay. Apart from the presentation of the main idea, it also contains background information about the topic.

A writer then forms a thesis statement which is the main argument of an essay. A thesis statement is the essence of the essay, and all other information provided in the body of an essay justifies it and proves it.

5. Main Body 

The main body is the soul of an essay. Without it, the thesis statement will just be meaningless. The information you gather on the topic is presented in the body, which acts as evidence to prove the argument right or wrong depending on the writer. 

A format helps the body give a logical flow that walks the reader towards the end. The point to prove your argument is to persuade the reader that your thesis statement is right. Make sure you give a topic sentence to all your body paragraphs. 

6. Conclusion 

Then comes the conclusion part of the essay. This is the final verdict of an essay writer. In this, a writer avoids giving new ideas to the readers and tries to sum up the whole conversation. This is done by restating the thesis statement in different words and summarizing the key ideas. 

7. Appendix 

An appendix is formulated when a writer uses unusual terms, phrases, and words in the document. This is a list prepared to describe those unordinary words for the readers. 

8. Bibliography 

When gathering information for your essay or paper, a writer has to consult different sources. Therefore, when using such sources and information in your content, a bibliography is created to provide their references.

A bibliography is a reference list presented at the end of the essay where all the cited sources are given along with the details. 

Paper Due? Why Suffer? That's our Job!

Formatting an Essay 

Formatting an essay means working on the essay structure. When writing an academic essay, make sure that every part is drafted according to format. Your title page, in-text citation, essay outline, and reference list should be following the chosen format. 

To understand the formatting of the different parts better, continue reading. 

• Title Page Format 

According to the MLA style, the title page of an essay should be written in the following way:

• Writing the name of the writer, course, instructor, and date. 
• Double spacing between paragraphs
• Institute’s name in the top center of a page
• Title of your essay or paper
• Font Times New Roman (12pt)

If you are using an APA style formatting for your essay, make sure to format your title page in the following way: 

• Title written in all caps
• The margin on both sides (1 inch)
• 12pt font Times New Roman
• Name of writer and institute

A title page is the first thing that an instructor sees in your assignment. Therefore, it is very important to form it in a neat format. 

• First Page of an Essay 

Before you start writing your essay, format your first page. To do this, add a header in which you give your last name and the page number. Place the header on the right-hand corner of your page. 

Follow this for every page of your essay except the last page; the “work cited” page. 

On the left upper corner, write your name, instructor’s, course’s, and the date. Put the title in the center and use double-spacing throughout the essay. 

• Cite According to Essay Format 

When you are conducting research for your essay, you will come across a lot of text which will complement your essay topic. Without knowing the consequences, people take the text from the internet and add it to the essay. 

Citing the source properly is essential. If you do not cite the sources properly, you will be accused of plagiarism, a crime in the writing world. Therefore, even if you are using other’s words in the form of quotation marks or rephrasing it, it needs to be cited to avoid plagiarism. 

Get to know which style of the in-text citations is recommended by your instructor and follow that. In APA format, the citation is done in the following way:

• Give the author’s name (last name), followed by the publication date and the paragraph number of the original work. 

The other way is to cite in MLA style:

• Give the author’s last name and the page number of the publication you are taking words from. 

Therefore, cite your sources according to the essay format and make your essay writing phase easy.   

• Format The Bibliography

The last page of your essay is the “works cited” page. This page is written in the way presented below:

• Sources are alphabetically arranged
• Double spacing is used on the entire page
• Hanging indention is also used. 

Essay Format Examples

There are several types of academic essays that students get assigned. No matter which type the essay is, it has to be properly formatted. Carefully examine the formats provided below for the different essay types:

Argumentative Essay Format

College Essay Format

Narrative Essay Format

Descriptive Essay Format

Scholarship Essay Format

Persuasive Essay Format

Essay Format for University

Expository Essay Format

Essay Format Template

Essay Format Outline

Writing a good essay includes the proper representation of the text. For this purpose, formatting is done. Unfortunately, when students rush to finish their assignments, they often end up with poorly formatted content. 

Looking for an exceptional essay writing service for students ? You've found it!

We specialize in essay writing for students, providing top-notch assistance tailored to your academic needs.

You can also supercharge your writing with our AI essay writing tool !

Barbara P (Literature, Marketing)

Barbara is a highly educated and qualified author with a Ph.D. in public health from an Ivy League university. She has spent a significant amount of time working in the medical field, conducting a thorough study on a variety of health issues. Her work has been published in several major publications.

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TALK / SPEECH EXAMPLE ESSAYS:

INFORMAL LETTER EXAMPLE ESSAYS:

Check this one out.

FORMAL LETTER EXAMPLE ESSAYS:

ARTICLE / ESSAY EXAMPLE ESSAYS:

DISCUSSION EXAMPLE ESSAYS:

RECOUNT / STORY EXAMPLE ESSAYS:

Useful idioms for pt3 & spm.

PT3 Oral Test Example Question Sheet

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3 Strong Argumentative Essay Examples, Analyzed

General Education

Need to defend your opinion on an issue? Argumentative essays are one of the most popular types of essays you’ll write in school. They combine persuasive arguments with fact-based research, and, when done well, can be powerful tools for making someone agree with your point of view. If you’re struggling to write an argumentative essay or just want to learn more about them, seeing examples can be a big help.

After giving an overview of this type of essay, we provide three argumentative essay examples. After each essay, we explain in-depth how the essay was structured, what worked, and where the essay could be improved. We end with tips for making your own argumentative essay as strong as possible.

What Is an Argumentative Essay?

An argumentative essay is an essay that uses evidence and facts to support the claim it’s making. Its purpose is to persuade the reader to agree with the argument being made.

A good argumentative essay will use facts and evidence to support the argument, rather than just the author’s thoughts and opinions. For example, say you wanted to write an argumentative essay stating that Charleston, SC is a great destination for families. You couldn’t just say that it’s a great place because you took your family there and enjoyed it. For it to be an argumentative essay, you need to have facts and data to support your argument, such as the number of child-friendly attractions in Charleston, special deals you can get with kids, and surveys of people who visited Charleston as a family and enjoyed it. The first argument is based entirely on feelings, whereas the second is based on evidence that can be proven.

The standard five paragraph format is common, but not required, for argumentative essays. These essays typically follow one of two formats: the Toulmin model or the Rogerian model.

• The Toulmin model is the most common. It begins with an introduction, follows with a thesis/claim, and gives data and evidence to support that claim. This style of essay also includes rebuttals of counterarguments.
• The Rogerian model analyzes two sides of an argument and reaches a conclusion after weighing the strengths and weaknesses of each.

3 Good Argumentative Essay Examples + Analysis

Below are three examples of argumentative essays, written by yours truly in my school days, as well as analysis of what each did well and where it could be improved.

Argumentative Essay Example 1

Proponents of this idea state that it will save local cities and towns money because libraries are expensive to maintain. They also believe it will encourage more people to read because they won’t have to travel to a library to get a book; they can simply click on what they want to read and read it from wherever they are. They could also access more materials because libraries won’t have to buy physical copies of books; they can simply rent out as many digital copies as they need.

However, it would be a serious mistake to replace libraries with tablets. First, digital books and resources are associated with less learning and more problems than print resources. A study done on tablet vs book reading found that people read 20-30% slower on tablets, retain 20% less information, and understand 10% less of what they read compared to people who read the same information in print. Additionally, staring too long at a screen has been shown to cause numerous health problems, including blurred vision, dizziness, dry eyes, headaches, and eye strain, at much higher instances than reading print does. People who use tablets and mobile devices excessively also have a higher incidence of more serious health issues such as fibromyalgia, shoulder and back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and muscle strain. I know that whenever I read from my e-reader for too long, my eyes begin to feel tired and my neck hurts. We should not add to these problems by giving people, especially young people, more reasons to look at screens.

Second, it is incredibly narrow-minded to assume that the only service libraries offer is book lending. Libraries have a multitude of benefits, and many are only available if the library has a physical location. Some of these benefits include acting as a quiet study space, giving people a way to converse with their neighbors, holding classes on a variety of topics, providing jobs, answering patron questions, and keeping the community connected. One neighborhood found that, after a local library instituted community events such as play times for toddlers and parents, job fairs for teenagers, and meeting spaces for senior citizens, over a third of residents reported feeling more connected to their community. Similarly, a Pew survey conducted in 2015 found that nearly two-thirds of American adults feel that closing their local library would have a major impact on their community. People see libraries as a way to connect with others and get their questions answered, benefits tablets can’t offer nearly as well or as easily.

While replacing libraries with tablets may seem like a simple solution, it would encourage people to spend even more time looking at digital screens, despite the myriad issues surrounding them. It would also end access to many of the benefits of libraries that people have come to rely on. In many areas, libraries are such an important part of the community network that they could never be replaced by a simple object.

The author begins by giving an overview of the counter-argument, then the thesis appears as the first sentence in the third paragraph. The essay then spends the rest of the paper dismantling the counter argument and showing why readers should believe the other side.

What this essay does well:

• Although it’s a bit unusual to have the thesis appear fairly far into the essay, it works because, once the thesis is stated, the rest of the essay focuses on supporting it since the counter-argument has already been discussed earlier in the paper.
• This essay includes numerous facts and cites studies to support its case. By having specific data to rely on, the author’s argument is stronger and readers will be more inclined to agree with it.
• For every argument the other side makes, the author makes sure to refute it and follow up with why her opinion is the stronger one. In order to make a strong argument, it’s important to dismantle the other side, which this essay does this by making the author's view appear stronger.
• This is a shorter paper, and if it needed to be expanded to meet length requirements, it could include more examples and go more into depth with them, such as by explaining specific cases where people benefited from local libraries.
• Additionally, while the paper uses lots of data, the author also mentions their own experience with using tablets. This should be removed since argumentative essays focus on facts and data to support an argument, not the author’s own opinion or experiences. Replacing that with more data on health issues associated with screen time would strengthen the essay.
• Some of the points made aren't completely accurate , particularly the one about digital books being cheaper. It actually often costs a library more money to rent out numerous digital copies of a book compared to buying a single physical copy. Make sure in your own essay you thoroughly research each of the points and rebuttals you make, otherwise you'll look like you don't know the issue that well.

Argumentative Essay Example 2

There are multiple drugs available to treat malaria, and many of them work well and save lives, but malaria eradication programs that focus too much on them and not enough on prevention haven’t seen long-term success in Sub-Saharan Africa. A major program to combat malaria was WHO’s Global Malaria Eradication Programme. Started in 1955, it had a goal of eliminating malaria in Africa within the next ten years. Based upon previously successful programs in Brazil and the United States, the program focused mainly on vector control. This included widely distributing chloroquine and spraying large amounts of DDT. More than one billion dollars was spent trying to abolish malaria. However, the program suffered from many problems and in 1969, WHO was forced to admit that the program had not succeeded in eradicating malaria. The number of people in Sub-Saharan Africa who contracted malaria as well as the number of malaria deaths had actually increased over 10% during the time the program was active.

One of the major reasons for the failure of the project was that it set uniform strategies and policies. By failing to consider variations between governments, geography, and infrastructure, the program was not nearly as successful as it could have been. Sub-Saharan Africa has neither the money nor the infrastructure to support such an elaborate program, and it couldn’t be run the way it was meant to. Most African countries don't have the resources to send all their people to doctors and get shots, nor can they afford to clear wetlands or other malaria prone areas. The continent’s spending per person for eradicating malaria was just a quarter of what Brazil spent. Sub-Saharan Africa simply can’t rely on a plan that requires more money, infrastructure, and expertise than they have to spare.

Additionally, the widespread use of chloroquine has created drug resistant parasites which are now plaguing Sub-Saharan Africa. Because chloroquine was used widely but inconsistently, mosquitoes developed resistance, and chloroquine is now nearly completely ineffective in Sub-Saharan Africa, with over 95% of mosquitoes resistant to it. As a result, newer, more expensive drugs need to be used to prevent and treat malaria, which further drives up the cost of malaria treatment for a region that can ill afford it.

Instead of developing plans to treat malaria after the infection has incurred, programs should focus on preventing infection from occurring in the first place. Not only is this plan cheaper and more effective, reducing the number of people who contract malaria also reduces loss of work/school days which can further bring down the productivity of the region.

One of the cheapest and most effective ways of preventing malaria is to implement insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs).  These nets provide a protective barrier around the person or people using them. While untreated bed nets are still helpful, those treated with insecticides are much more useful because they stop mosquitoes from biting people through the nets, and they help reduce mosquito populations in a community, thus helping people who don’t even own bed nets.  Bed nets are also very effective because most mosquito bites occur while the person is sleeping, so bed nets would be able to drastically reduce the number of transmissions during the night. In fact, transmission of malaria can be reduced by as much as 90% in areas where the use of ITNs is widespread. Because money is so scarce in Sub-Saharan Africa, the low cost is a great benefit and a major reason why the program is so successful. Bed nets cost roughly 2 USD to make, last several years, and can protect two adults. Studies have shown that, for every 100-1000 more nets are being used, one less child dies of malaria. With an estimated 300 million people in Africa not being protected by mosquito nets, there’s the potential to save three million lives by spending just a few dollars per person.

Reducing the number of people who contract malaria would also reduce poverty levels in Africa significantly, thus improving other aspects of society like education levels and the economy. Vector control is more effective than treatment strategies because it means fewer people are getting sick. When fewer people get sick, the working population is stronger as a whole because people are not put out of work from malaria, nor are they caring for sick relatives. Malaria-afflicted families can typically only harvest 40% of the crops that healthy families can harvest. Additionally, a family with members who have malaria spends roughly a quarter of its income treatment, not including the loss of work they also must deal with due to the illness. It’s estimated that malaria costs Africa 12 billion USD in lost income every year. A strong working population creates a stronger economy, which Sub-Saharan Africa is in desperate need of.  

This essay begins with an introduction, which ends with the thesis (that malaria eradication plans in Sub-Saharan Africa should focus on prevention rather than treatment). The first part of the essay lays out why the counter argument (treatment rather than prevention) is not as effective, and the second part of the essay focuses on why prevention of malaria is the better path to take.

• The thesis appears early, is stated clearly, and is supported throughout the rest of the essay. This makes the argument clear for readers to understand and follow throughout the essay.
• There’s lots of solid research in this essay, including specific programs that were conducted and how successful they were, as well as specific data mentioned throughout. This evidence helps strengthen the author’s argument.
• The author makes a case for using expanding bed net use over waiting until malaria occurs and beginning treatment, but not much of a plan is given for how the bed nets would be distributed or how to ensure they’re being used properly. By going more into detail of what she believes should be done, the author would be making a stronger argument.
• The introduction of the essay does a good job of laying out the seriousness of the problem, but the conclusion is short and abrupt. Expanding it into its own paragraph would give the author a final way to convince readers of her side of the argument.

Argumentative Essay Example 3

There are many ways payments could work. They could be in the form of a free-market approach, where athletes are able to earn whatever the market is willing to pay them, it could be a set amount of money per athlete, or student athletes could earn income from endorsements, autographs, and control of their likeness, similar to the way top Olympians earn money.

Proponents of the idea believe that, because college athletes are the ones who are training, participating in games, and bringing in audiences, they should receive some sort of compensation for their work. If there were no college athletes, the NCAA wouldn’t exist, college coaches wouldn’t receive there (sometimes very high) salaries, and brands like Nike couldn’t profit from college sports. In fact, the NCAA brings in roughly $1 billion in revenue a year, but college athletes don’t receive any of that money in the form of a paycheck. Additionally, people who believe college athletes should be paid state that paying college athletes will actually encourage them to remain in college longer and not turn pro as quickly, either by giving them a way to begin earning money in college or requiring them to sign a contract stating they’ll stay at the university for a certain number of years while making an agreed-upon salary.  

Supporters of this idea point to Zion Williamson, the Duke basketball superstar, who, during his freshman year, sustained a serious knee injury. Many argued that, even if he enjoyed playing for Duke, it wasn’t worth risking another injury and ending his professional career before it even began for a program that wasn’t paying him. Williamson seems to have agreed with them and declared his eligibility for the NCAA draft later that year. If he was being paid, he may have stayed at Duke longer. In fact, roughly a third of student athletes surveyed stated that receiving a salary while in college would make them “strongly consider” remaining collegiate athletes longer before turning pro.

Paying athletes could also stop the recruitment scandals that have plagued the NCAA. In 2018, the NCAA stripped the University of Louisville's men's basketball team of its 2013 national championship title because it was discovered coaches were using sex workers to entice recruits to join the team. There have been dozens of other recruitment scandals where college athletes and recruits have been bribed with anything from having their grades changed, to getting free cars, to being straight out bribed. By paying college athletes and putting their salaries out in the open, the NCAA could end the illegal and underhanded ways some schools and coaches try to entice athletes to join.

People who argue against the idea of paying college athletes believe the practice could be disastrous for college sports. By paying athletes, they argue, they’d turn college sports into a bidding war, where only the richest schools could afford top athletes, and the majority of schools would be shut out from developing a talented team (though some argue this already happens because the best players often go to the most established college sports programs, who typically pay their coaches millions of dollars per year). It could also ruin the tight camaraderie of many college teams if players become jealous that certain teammates are making more money than they are.

They also argue that paying college athletes actually means only a small fraction would make significant money. Out of the 350 Division I athletic departments, fewer than a dozen earn any money. Nearly all the money the NCAA makes comes from men’s football and basketball, so paying college athletes would make a small group of men--who likely will be signed to pro teams and begin making millions immediately out of college--rich at the expense of other players.

Those against paying college athletes also believe that the athletes are receiving enough benefits already. The top athletes already receive scholarships that are worth tens of thousands per year, they receive free food/housing/textbooks, have access to top medical care if they are injured, receive top coaching, get travel perks and free gear, and can use their time in college as a way to capture the attention of professional recruiters. No other college students receive anywhere near as much from their schools.

People on this side also point out that, while the NCAA brings in a massive amount of money each year, it is still a non-profit organization. How? Because over 95% of those profits are redistributed to its members’ institutions in the form of scholarships, grants, conferences, support for Division II and Division III teams, and educational programs. Taking away a significant part of that revenue would hurt smaller programs that rely on that money to keep running.

While both sides have good points, it’s clear that the negatives of paying college athletes far outweigh the positives. College athletes spend a significant amount of time and energy playing for their school, but they are compensated for it by the scholarships and perks they receive. Adding a salary to that would result in a college athletic system where only a small handful of athletes (those likely to become millionaires in the professional leagues) are paid by a handful of schools who enter bidding wars to recruit them, while the majority of student athletics and college athletic programs suffer or even shut down for lack of money. Continuing to offer the current level of benefits to student athletes makes it possible for as many people to benefit from and enjoy college sports as possible.

This argumentative essay follows the Rogerian model. It discusses each side, first laying out multiple reasons people believe student athletes should be paid, then discussing reasons why the athletes shouldn’t be paid. It ends by stating that college athletes shouldn’t be paid by arguing that paying them would destroy college athletics programs and cause them to have many of the issues professional sports leagues have.

• Both sides of the argument are well developed, with multiple reasons why people agree with each side. It allows readers to get a full view of the argument and its nuances.
• Certain statements on both sides are directly rebuffed in order to show where the strengths and weaknesses of each side lie and give a more complete and sophisticated look at the argument.
• Using the Rogerian model can be tricky because oftentimes you don’t explicitly state your argument until the end of the paper. Here, the thesis doesn’t appear until the first sentence of the final paragraph. That doesn’t give readers a lot of time to be convinced that your argument is the right one, compared to a paper where the thesis is stated in the beginning and then supported throughout the paper. This paper could be strengthened if the final paragraph was expanded to more fully explain why the author supports the view, or if the paper had made it clearer that paying athletes was the weaker argument throughout.

3 Tips for Writing a Good Argumentative Essay

Now that you’ve seen examples of what good argumentative essay samples look like, follow these three tips when crafting your own essay.

#1: Make Your Thesis Crystal Clear

The thesis is the key to your argumentative essay; if it isn’t clear or readers can’t find it easily, your entire essay will be weak as a result. Always make sure that your thesis statement is easy to find. The typical spot for it is the final sentence of the introduction paragraph, but if it doesn’t fit in that spot for your essay, try to at least put it as the first or last sentence of a different paragraph so it stands out more.

Also make sure that your thesis makes clear what side of the argument you’re on. After you’ve written it, it’s a great idea to show your thesis to a couple different people--classmates are great for this. Just by reading your thesis they should be able to understand what point you’ll be trying to make with the rest of your essay.

#2: Show Why the Other Side Is Weak

When writing your essay, you may be tempted to ignore the other side of the argument and just focus on your side, but don’t do this. The best argumentative essays really tear apart the other side to show why readers shouldn’t believe it. Before you begin writing your essay, research what the other side believes, and what their strongest points are. Then, in your essay, be sure to mention each of these and use evidence to explain why they’re incorrect/weak arguments. That’ll make your essay much more effective than if you only focused on your side of the argument.

#3: Use Evidence to Support Your Side

Remember, an essay can’t be an argumentative essay if it doesn’t support its argument with evidence. For every point you make, make sure you have facts to back it up. Some examples are previous studies done on the topic, surveys of large groups of people, data points, etc. There should be lots of numbers in your argumentative essay that support your side of the argument. This will make your essay much stronger compared to only relying on your own opinions to support your argument.

Summary: Argumentative Essay Sample

Argumentative essays are persuasive essays that use facts and evidence to support their side of the argument. Most argumentative essays follow either the Toulmin model or the Rogerian model. By reading good argumentative essay examples, you can learn how to develop your essay and provide enough support to make readers agree with your opinion. When writing your essay, remember to always make your thesis clear, show where the other side is weak, and back up your opinion with data and evidence.

What's Next?

Do you need to write an argumentative essay as well? Check out our guide on the best argumentative essay topics for ideas!

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Christine graduated from Michigan State University with degrees in Environmental Biology and Geography and received her Master's from Duke University. In high school she scored in the 99th percentile on the SAT and was named a National Merit Finalist. She has taught English and biology in several countries.

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Knowing how to write an essay can help you out significantly in both, your academic and professional life. An essay is a highly versatile nonfiction piece of writing that not only tests your knowledge of a topic but also your literary and argumentative skills.     

Each essay requires the same basic process of planning, writing, and editing. Naturally, we’ve used these stages to group our steps on how to write an essay. So w ithout further ado, let’s get into it! Here are the eight steps to write an essay:

Stage 1: Planning

1. Pick an appropriate research topic

In certain cases, your teacher or professor may assign you a topic. However, in many cases, students have the freedom to select a topic of their choice. Make sure you choose a topic that you’re well versed in and have significant knowledge of. 

Having prior knowledge of the topic will help you determine the subsequent steps to write an essay. It will also make your research process considerably easier.

2. Form an appropriate thesis statement

A thesis statement is the central idea or premise your essay is based on. It is usually a sentence or two long and is included in the introduction of the essay. The scope of your thesis statement depends on the type of your essay and its length.

For instance, the scope of the thesis statement for a 500–1000 word school essay will be narrower than a 1000–5000 word college essay. A rule of thumb is that your essay topic should be broad enough to gather enough information, but narrow enough to address specific points and not be vague. Here’s an example: 

The invention of the airplane by the Wright Brothers in 1903 revolutionized transportation and paved the way for modern aviation. It represents a monumental achievement in human history that forever changed the course of human civilization.

3. Create an essay outline

Creating a well-organized essay outline not only gives structure and flow to your essay but also makes it more impactful and easy to understand. The idea is to collect the main points of information that support or elaborate on your thesis statement. You can also include references or examples under these main points. 

For example, if your thesis statement revolves around the invention of the airplane, your main points will include travel before the invention of the airplane, how it was invented, and its effects on modern-day travel. Take a look:

The Wright Brothers’ invention had a massive impact on modern-day travel. The subsequent growth of the aviation industry led to increased accessibility of air travel to the general public.

Stage 2: Writing

4. Write a comprehensive introduction

After creating the basic outline, it is important to know how to write an essay. Begin your essay by introducing your voice and point of view to the reader. An introduction is usually a paragraph or two long and consists of three main parts:

• Background information
• Thesis statement

Let’s better understand this with the help of an example:

The Wright Brothers’ invention of the airplane in 1903 revolutionized the way humans travel and explore the world. Prior to this invention, transportation relied on trains, boats, and cars, which limited the distance and speed of travel. However, the airplane made air travel a reality, allowing people to reach far-off destinations in mere hours. This breakthrough paved the way for modern-day air travel, transforming the world into a smaller, more connected place. In this essay, we will explore the impact of the Wright Brothers’ invention on modern-day travel, including the growth of the aviation industry, increased accessibility of air travel to the general public, and the economic and cultural benefits of air travel.

Let’s understand how to construct each of these sections in more detail.

A. Construct an attractive hook

The opening sentence of an essay, also known as the hook, should include a powerful or startling statement that captures the reader’s attention. Depending on the type of your essay, it can be an interesting fact, a surprising statistic, or an engaging anecdote. 

B. Provide relevant background information

While writing the introduction, it’s important to provide context or background information before including the thesis statement. The background information may include the time before a groundbreaking invention, the pros and cons of a significant discovery, or the short- and long-term effects of an event.

C. Edit the thesis statement

If you’ve constructed your thesis statement during the outlining stage, it’s time to edit it based on the background information you’ve provided. Observe the slight changes we’ve made to the scope of the thesis statement in the example above. This accommodates the bits of information we’ve provided in the background history.

5. Form relevant body paragraphs

Body paragraphs play a crucial role in supporting and expanding the central argument presented in the thesis statement. The number of body paragraphs depends on the type of essay as well as the scope of the thesis statement.

Most school-level essays contain three body paragraphs while college-level essays can vary in length depending on the assignment.

A well-crafted body paragraph consists of the following parts:

• A topic sentence
• Supporting information
• An analysis of the information
• A smooth transition to the next paragraph

Let’s understand this with the help of an example. 

The Wright Brothers’ invention of the airplane revolutionized air travel. They achieved the first-ever successful powered flight with the Wright Flyer in 1903, after years of conducting experiments and studying flight principles. Despite their first flight lasting only 12 seconds, it was a significant milestone that paved the way for modern aviation. The Wright Brothers’ success can be attributed to their systematic approach to problem-solving, which included numerous experiments with gliders, the development of a wind tunnel to test their designs, and meticulous analysis and recording of their results. Their dedication and ingenuity forever changed the way we travel, making modern aviation possible.

Here’s a detailed overview of how to construct each of these sections.

A. Construct appropriate topic sentences

A topic sentence is the title of the body paragraph that elaborates on the thesis statement. It is the main idea on which the body paragraph is developed. Ensure that each topic sentence is relevant to the thesis statement and makes the essay flow seamlessly. 

The order of topic sentences is key in creating an impactful essay. This order varies depending on the type of essay you choose to write. These sentences may be arranged chronologically, in the order of importance, or in a cause-and-effect format.

B. Provide supporting information

It is necessary to provide relevant supporting information and evidence to validate your topic statement. This may include examples, relevant statistics, history, or even personal anecdotes.

You should also remember to cite your sources wherever you use them to substantiate your arguments. Always give researchers and authors credit for their work!

C. Analyze the supporting information

After presenting the appropriate evidence, the next step is to conduct an in-depth analysis. Establish connections and provide additional details to strengthen the link between your topic sentence and the supporting information. 

Depending on the type of essay, this step may also involve sharing your subjective opinions and key takeaways.

D. Create a smooth transition

In case you plan to create multiple body paragraphs, it is crucial to create a seamless transition between them. Transitional statements not only make the essay less jarring to read but also guide the reader in the right direction.

However, these statements need not be too lengthy and complicated. Use words such as “however”, “in addition to”, and “therefore” to convey transitions.

6. Construct an impactful conclusion

An impactful conclusion creates a lasting impression on the mind of the reader. Although it varies in length depending on the specific essay, the conclusion is typically a paragraph long.

It consists of

• A restated thesis statement
• Summary of the main points
• The broader implications of the thesis statement

Here’s an example of a well-structured conclusion:

The Wright Brothers’ invention of the airplane forever changed history by paving the way for modern aviation and countless aerospace advancements. Their persistence, innovation, and dedication to problem-solving led to the first successful powered flight in 1903, sparking a revolution in transportation that transformed the world. Today, air travel remains an integral part of our globalized society, highlighting the undeniable impact of the Wright Brothers’ contribution to human civilization.  

Let’s take a closer look at how to construct each of these sections.

A. Restate the thesis statement

Your conclusion should call back to your original argument or thesis statement.

However, this does not mean repeating the thesis statement as is. The essence of your argument should remain the same, but it should also be modified and evolved as per the information presented in your essay.

B. Summarize important points

A powerful conclusion not only lingers in the reader’s mind but also provokes thought. You can create a strong impression on the reader by highlighting the most impactful points of your essay.

C. State the greater implications

End your essay with the most powerful and impactful part: the larger perspective. This can‌ include a question you’d like to leave the reader with, the broader implications and impact of your thesis statement, or the long-term, lingering effects of your experience. 

Make sure to include no new evidence or arguments, or to undermine your findings in any way. 

Stage 3: Editing

7. Review your essay

Knowing how to write an essay is just one part of essay writing. Properly reviewing and editing your essay is just as important. Make sure to spend enough time going over your essay and adding any bits of information that you’ve missed. 

This is also a good time to make minor structural changes in your essay.

8. Thoroughly proofread your essay

After making the necessary structural changes, recheck your essay word by word. It is important to not only correct major grammatical and spelling errors but also minor errors regarding the phrasing or tone of voice.

You can either choose to do this by yourself, ask a friend for assistance, or hire an essay proofreading service to go over your writing. To construct a fool-proof, error-free essay, it is helpful to have a trained pair of eyes go over it. Professional proofreaders can spot errors that are not visible to most people and set the right tone for your essay. 

Now that you know the basics of how to write an essay, it’s time to learn about the specifics. Feel free to dig into the articles below and keep reading!

• How to Write an Essay Header in 4 Steps
• How to Write an Essay Outline
• What is an Expository Essay?
• How to Start an Essay

Frequently Asked Questions

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How to Write Common App Essay Prompt 3

This article was written based on the information and opinions presented by Hale Jaeger in a CollegeVine livestream. You can watch the full livestream for more info.

What’s Covered:

What is prompt 3, prompt 3 tips and tricks, prompt 3 essay example and analysis, how to perfect your prompt 3 essay.

The third prompt option for the Common App essay is as follows:

Reflect on a time when you questioned or challenged a belief or idea. What prompted your thinking? What was the outcome?

Today we’re going to analyze this prompt to form a better understanding of how to best tackle it and create a great response in the form of an essay.

Why Prompt 3 is Tricky

This prompt is difficult to answer because most high schoolers haven’t participated in the types of iconoclastic protests that lend themselves to an awe inspiring response – for example, some instance  where you were fighting against social ills and making a huge difference in the world.

A more tenable alternative here would be to discuss a time that you went against social norms, whether it was becoming friends with somebody who was seen as “the weird kid” or an outcast or proudly showing off a geeky passion. If you ever participated in a situation in tandem with adults that found success, such as blogging, starting a tutoring organization, or participating in political campaigns, you can discuss your experiences as a young person without a college degree in professional circles.

You want to really strike a balance though, and one of the challenges of this essay is that you should describe these things and experiences without sounding morally superior. You don’t want to paint yourself as the only person in the world who goes against this convention or sound like you are saying “how could everyone else be so blind to just go with this?” You should be careful not to write about yourself as better than your peers simply because you pushed back against the norm. This essay should be about the process and the act of pushing back against something and conveying what you learned from this. 

Brainstorming and Planning

One way to go about this prompt is to discuss a time when you noticed a need for change. For example, maybe you wondered why medical records were handwritten at your doctor’s office or why a doctor’s visit was long and awkward, and challenged the norm by brainstorming an electronic recording smartphone app or a telemedicine system. Or maybe you led a fundraiser and recognized that advertising on social media would be more effective than the traditional use of printed flyers. You could write something along those lines, focusing on the experience that you had which caused you to recognize the need for change, how you followed up with actions, and the resulting outcome.

A good brainstorming exercise for this kind of essay would be to write your problem on a sheet of paper and then develop various solutions to the problem, including a brief reason or justification. The more you delve into the issue and the more thorough you are in justifying and explaining your solutions will make your essay more compelling.

As a whole, this prompt lends itself to reflective writing and, more specifically, taking the reader through your internal process and reflections. In many cases, the exploration of your thought processes and decision making is more important than the actual outcome or concept in question. In short, this essay is more about thinking, rumination, inquisition, curiousity,  or asking questions where people aren’t already and then how you went about making a change.

Focus on You

Of course, you wanna make sure that you’re focusing on yourself and your own experiences. This is an essay about you. It’s not an essay about a problem; instead, it’s an essay about you solving a problem. Therefore, make sure that while you justify your actions,  the focus is  always on you. 

One consultant with CollegeVine wrote her essay on this topic about the experience of growing up with a unique name and feeling pressured to be different from other people. She would sacrifice her own wishes and preferences just to make unconventional choices.

Finally, she challenged the idea of being different. She wanted to discover her real interests, so she defied what she’d always expected of herself. Here’s an excerpt: 

Whenever someone hears my name for the first time they comment, “wow, Genina is such a cool name. She must be pretty cool. She must be from somewhere exotic. She must be musical and artsy.”

When I was little, these sentiments felt more like commands than assumptions. I thought I had to be the most unique child of all time, which was a daunting task. But I tried. I was the only kid in the second grade to color the sun red during snack time. We would choose between apple juice and grape juice, and even though I liked apple juice more, if everyone else was choosing apple I had to have grape. This was how I lived my life, and it was exhausting. After eighth grade, I moved to Georgia, and I soon discovered that my freshman year would be my new high school’s inaugural year. Since there were students coming in from five different schools, there was no real sense of normal.

I panicked – if there was no normal, how could I be unique? I realized I’d spent so much energy going against the grain that I had no idea what my true interests were. It was time to find out. I joined the basketball team, performed in school musicals, and enrolled in chorus, all of which were firsts for me. I did whatever I thought would make me happy, and it paid off. I was no longer socially awkward. In fact, because I was involved in so many unrelated activities, I was socially flexible. I’d finally become my own person.

One thing that this essay does well is that it shows growth over time . This prompt is asking for going against what people expect of you or social convention, and this person talks about how they’d always done that. They wanted to try being their own person rather than being different for the sake of being different, and so we see that they are discovering themselves over the course of the essay. This excerpt has been shortened, so a line like “I was no longer socially awkward” is abrupt and declarative, but in the full essay this would flow more smoothly.

Although this example describes a situation without giving any details or ideas about where that came from, keep in mind that this is just a shortened, edited excerpt. Building to a revelation like this would make for a very compelling essay. 

Want to know if your response to Common App prompt 3 is strong enough for your top-choice schools? Try out our Peer Essay Review tool , where you can get a free, anonymous, and secure review of your essay from another student. You can also improve your own writing skills and earn CollegeVine Karma by reviewing other users’ essays!

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Learn the Standard Essay Format: MLA, APA, Chicago Styles

Being able to write an essay is a vital part of any student's education. However, it's not just about linearly listing ideas. A lot of institutions will require a certain format that your paper must follow; prime examples would be one of a basic essay format like MLA, the APA, and the Chicago formats. This article will explain the differences between the MLA format, the APA format, and the Chicago format. The application of these could range from high school to college essays, and they stand as the standard of college essay formatting. EssayPro — dissertation services , that will help to make a difference!

What is an Essay Format: Structure

Be it an academic, informative or a specific extended essay - structure is essential. For example, the IB extended essay has very strict requirements that are followed by an assigned academic style of writing (primarily MLA, APA, or Chicago):

This outline format for an extended essay is a great example to follow when writing a research essay, and sustaining a proper research essay format - especially if it is based on the MLA guidelines. It is vital to remember that the student must keep track of their resources to apply them to each step outlined above easily. And check out some tips on how to write an essay introduction .

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How to Format an Essay (MLA)

To write an essay in MLA format, one must follow a basic set of guidelines and instructions. This is a step by step from our business essay writing service.

Essay in MLA Format Example

Mla vs. apa.

Before we move on to the APA essay format, it is important to distinguish the two types of formatting. Let’s go through the similarities first:

• The formatting styles are similar: spacing, citation, indentation.
• All of the information that is used within the essay must be present within the works cited page (in APA, that’s called a reference page)
• Both use the parenthetical citations within the body of the paper, usually to show a certain quote or calculation.
• Citations are listed alphabetically on the works cited / reference page.

What you need to know about the differences is not extensive, thankfully:

• MLA style is mostly used in humanities, while APA style is focused more on social sciences. The list of sources has a different name (works cited - MLA / references - APA)
• Works cited differ on the way they display the name of the original content (MLA -> Yorke, Thom / APA -> Yorke T.)
• When using an in-text citation, and the author’s name is listed within the sentence, place the page number found at the end: “Yorke believes that Creep was Radiohead’s worst song. (4).” APA, on the other hand, requires that a year is to be inserted: “According to Yorke (2013), Creep was a mess.”

Alright, let’s carry over to the APA style specifics.

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How to format an essay (apa).

The APA scheme is one of the most common college essay formats, so being familiar with its requirements is crucial. In a basic APA format structure, we can apply a similar list of guidelines as we did in the MLA section:

If you ask yourself how to format an essay, you can always turn to us and request to write or rewrite essay in APA format if you find it difficult or don't have time.

Note that some teachers and professors may request deviations from some of the characteristics that the APA format originally requires, such as those listed above.

If you think: 'I want someone write a research paper for me ', you can do it at Essaypro.

Essay in APA Format Example

Apa format chronobiology, chicago style.

The usage of Chicago style is prevalent in academic writing that focuses on the source of origin. This means that precise citations and footnotes are key to a successful paper.

Chicago Style Essay Format

The same bullet point structure can be applied to the Chicago essay format.

Tips for Writing an Academic Paper

There isn’t one proper way of writing a paper, but there are solid guidelines to sustain a consistent workflow. Be it a college application essay, a research paper, informative essay, etc. There is a standard essay format that you should follow. For easier access, the following outline will be divided into steps:

Choose a Good Topic

A lot of students struggle with picking a good topic for their essays. The topic you choose should be specific enough so you can explore it in its entirety and hit your word limit if that’s a variable you worry about. With a good topic that should not be a problem. On the other hand, it should not be so broad that some resources would outweigh the information you could squeeze into one paper. Don’t be too specific, or you will find that there is a shortage of information, but don’t be too broad or you will feel overwhelmed. Don’t hesitate to ask your instructor for help with your essay writing.

Start Research as Soon as Possible

Before you even begin writing, make sure that you are acquainted with the information that you are working with. Find compelling arguments and counterpoints, trivia, facts, etc. The sky is the limit when it comes to gathering information.

Pick out Specific, Compelling Resources

When you feel acquainted with the subject, you should be able to have a basic conversation on the matter. Pick out resources that have been bookmarked, saved or are very informative and start extracting information. You will need all you can get to put into the citations at the end of your paper. Stash books, websites, articles and have them ready to cite. See if you can subtract or expand your scope of research.

Create an Outline

Always have a plan. This might be the most important phase of the process. If you have a strong essay outline and you have a particular goal in mind, it’ll be easy to refer to it when you might get stuck somewhere in the middle of the paper. And since you have direct links from the research you’ve done beforehand, the progress is guaranteed to be swift. Having a list of keywords, if applicable, will surely boost the informational scope. With keywords specific to the subject matter of each section, it should be much easier to identify its direction and possible informational criteria.

Write a Draft

Before you jot anything down into the body of your essay, make sure that the outline has enough information to back up whatever statement you choose to explore. Do not be afraid of letting creativity into your paper (within reason, of course) and explore the possibilities. Start with a standard 5 paragraph structure, and the content will come with time.

Ask for a Peer Review of Your Academic Paper

Before you know it, the draft is done, and it’s ready to be sent out for peer review. Ask a classmate, a relative or even a specialist if they are willing to contribute. Get as much feedback as you possibly can and work on it.

Final Draft

Before handing in the final draft, go over it at least one more time, focusing on smaller mistakes like grammar and punctuation. Make sure that what you wrote follows proper essay structure. Learn more about argumentative essay structure on our blog. If you need a second pair of eyes, get help from our service.

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What Is Essay Format?

How to format a college essay, how to write an essay in mla format.

is an expert in nursing and healthcare, with a strong background in history, law, and literature. Holding advanced degrees in nursing and public health, his analytical approach and comprehensive knowledge help students navigate complex topics. On EssayPro blog, Adam provides insightful articles on everything from historical analysis to the intricacies of healthcare policies. In his downtime, he enjoys historical documentaries and volunteering at local clinics.

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• The four main types of essay | Quick guide with examples

The Four Main Types of Essay | Quick Guide with Examples

Published on September 4, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on July 23, 2023.

An essay is a focused piece of writing designed to inform or persuade. There are many different types of essay, but they are often defined in four categories: argumentative, expository, narrative, and descriptive essays.

Argumentative and expository essays are focused on conveying information and making clear points, while narrative and descriptive essays are about exercising creativity and writing in an interesting way. At university level, argumentative essays are the most common type. 

In high school and college, you will also often have to write textual analysis essays, which test your skills in close reading and interpretation.

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Table of contents

Argumentative essays, expository essays, narrative essays, descriptive essays, textual analysis essays, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about types of essays.

An argumentative essay presents an extended, evidence-based argument. It requires a strong thesis statement —a clearly defined stance on your topic. Your aim is to convince the reader of your thesis using evidence (such as quotations ) and analysis.

Argumentative essays test your ability to research and present your own position on a topic. This is the most common type of essay at college level—most papers you write will involve some kind of argumentation.

The essay is divided into an introduction, body, and conclusion:

• The introduction provides your topic and thesis statement
• The body presents your evidence and arguments
• The conclusion summarizes your argument and emphasizes its importance

The example below is a paragraph from the body of an argumentative essay about the effects of the internet on education. Mouse over it to learn more.

A common frustration for teachers is students’ use of Wikipedia as a source in their writing. Its prevalence among students is not exaggerated; a survey found that the vast majority of the students surveyed used Wikipedia (Head & Eisenberg, 2010). An article in The Guardian stresses a common objection to its use: “a reliance on Wikipedia can discourage students from engaging with genuine academic writing” (Coomer, 2013). Teachers are clearly not mistaken in viewing Wikipedia usage as ubiquitous among their students; but the claim that it discourages engagement with academic sources requires further investigation. This point is treated as self-evident by many teachers, but Wikipedia itself explicitly encourages students to look into other sources. Its articles often provide references to academic publications and include warning notes where citations are missing; the site’s own guidelines for research make clear that it should be used as a starting point, emphasizing that users should always “read the references and check whether they really do support what the article says” (“Wikipedia:Researching with Wikipedia,” 2020). Indeed, for many students, Wikipedia is their first encounter with the concepts of citation and referencing. The use of Wikipedia therefore has a positive side that merits deeper consideration than it often receives.

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An expository essay provides a clear, focused explanation of a topic. It doesn’t require an original argument, just a balanced and well-organized view of the topic.

Expository essays test your familiarity with a topic and your ability to organize and convey information. They are commonly assigned at high school or in exam questions at college level.

The introduction of an expository essay states your topic and provides some general background, the body presents the details, and the conclusion summarizes the information presented.

A typical body paragraph from an expository essay about the invention of the printing press is shown below. Mouse over it to learn more.

The invention of the printing press in 1440 changed this situation dramatically. Johannes Gutenberg, who had worked as a goldsmith, used his knowledge of metals in the design of the press. He made his type from an alloy of lead, tin, and antimony, whose durability allowed for the reliable production of high-quality books. This new technology allowed texts to be reproduced and disseminated on a much larger scale than was previously possible. The Gutenberg Bible appeared in the 1450s, and a large number of printing presses sprang up across the continent in the following decades. Gutenberg’s invention rapidly transformed cultural production in Europe; among other things, it would lead to the Protestant Reformation.

A narrative essay is one that tells a story. This is usually a story about a personal experience you had, but it may also be an imaginative exploration of something you have not experienced.

Narrative essays test your ability to build up a narrative in an engaging, well-structured way. They are much more personal and creative than other kinds of academic writing . Writing a personal statement for an application requires the same skills as a narrative essay.

A narrative essay isn’t strictly divided into introduction, body, and conclusion, but it should still begin by setting up the narrative and finish by expressing the point of the story—what you learned from your experience, or why it made an impression on you.

Mouse over the example below, a short narrative essay responding to the prompt “Write about an experience where you learned something about yourself,” to explore its structure.

Since elementary school, I have always favored subjects like science and math over the humanities. My instinct was always to think of these subjects as more solid and serious than classes like English. If there was no right answer, I thought, why bother? But recently I had an experience that taught me my academic interests are more flexible than I had thought: I took my first philosophy class.

Before I entered the classroom, I was skeptical. I waited outside with the other students and wondered what exactly philosophy would involve—I really had no idea. I imagined something pretty abstract: long, stilted conversations pondering the meaning of life. But what I got was something quite different.

A young man in jeans, Mr. Jones—“but you can call me Rob”—was far from the white-haired, buttoned-up old man I had half-expected. And rather than pulling us into pedantic arguments about obscure philosophical points, Rob engaged us on our level. To talk free will, we looked at our own choices. To talk ethics, we looked at dilemmas we had faced ourselves. By the end of class, I’d discovered that questions with no right answer can turn out to be the most interesting ones.

The experience has taught me to look at things a little more “philosophically”—and not just because it was a philosophy class! I learned that if I let go of my preconceptions, I can actually get a lot out of subjects I was previously dismissive of. The class taught me—in more ways than one—to look at things with an open mind.

A descriptive essay provides a detailed sensory description of something. Like narrative essays, they allow you to be more creative than most academic writing, but they are more tightly focused than narrative essays. You might describe a specific place or object, rather than telling a whole story.

Descriptive essays test your ability to use language creatively, making striking word choices to convey a memorable picture of what you’re describing.

A descriptive essay can be quite loosely structured, though it should usually begin by introducing the object of your description and end by drawing an overall picture of it. The important thing is to use careful word choices and figurative language to create an original description of your object.

Mouse over the example below, a response to the prompt “Describe a place you love to spend time in,” to learn more about descriptive essays.

On Sunday afternoons I like to spend my time in the garden behind my house. The garden is narrow but long, a corridor of green extending from the back of the house, and I sit on a lawn chair at the far end to read and relax. I am in my small peaceful paradise: the shade of the tree, the feel of the grass on my feet, the gentle activity of the fish in the pond beside me.

My cat crosses the garden nimbly and leaps onto the fence to survey it from above. From his perch he can watch over his little kingdom and keep an eye on the neighbours. He does this until the barking of next door’s dog scares him from his post and he bolts for the cat flap to govern from the safety of the kitchen.

With that, I am left alone with the fish, whose whole world is the pond by my feet. The fish explore the pond every day as if for the first time, prodding and inspecting every stone. I sometimes feel the same about sitting here in the garden; I know the place better than anyone, but whenever I return I still feel compelled to pay attention to all its details and novelties—a new bird perched in the tree, the growth of the grass, and the movement of the insects it shelters…

Sitting out in the garden, I feel serene. I feel at home. And yet I always feel there is more to discover. The bounds of my garden may be small, but there is a whole world contained within it, and it is one I will never get tired of inhabiting.

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Though every essay type tests your writing skills, some essays also test your ability to read carefully and critically. In a textual analysis essay, you don’t just present information on a topic, but closely analyze a text to explain how it achieves certain effects.

Rhetorical analysis

A rhetorical analysis looks at a persuasive text (e.g. a speech, an essay, a political cartoon) in terms of the rhetorical devices it uses, and evaluates their effectiveness.

The goal is not to state whether you agree with the author’s argument but to look at how they have constructed it.

The introduction of a rhetorical analysis presents the text, some background information, and your thesis statement; the body comprises the analysis itself; and the conclusion wraps up your analysis of the text, emphasizing its relevance to broader concerns.

The example below is from a rhetorical analysis of Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech . Mouse over it to learn more.

King’s speech is infused with prophetic language throughout. Even before the famous “dream” part of the speech, King’s language consistently strikes a prophetic tone. He refers to the Lincoln Memorial as a “hallowed spot” and speaks of rising “from the dark and desolate valley of segregation” to “make justice a reality for all of God’s children.” The assumption of this prophetic voice constitutes the text’s strongest ethical appeal; after linking himself with political figures like Lincoln and the Founding Fathers, King’s ethos adopts a distinctly religious tone, recalling Biblical prophets and preachers of change from across history. This adds significant force to his words; standing before an audience of hundreds of thousands, he states not just what the future should be, but what it will be: “The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.” This warning is almost apocalyptic in tone, though it concludes with the positive image of the “bright day of justice.” The power of King’s rhetoric thus stems not only from the pathos of his vision of a brighter future, but from the ethos of the prophetic voice he adopts in expressing this vision.

Literary analysis

A literary analysis essay presents a close reading of a work of literature—e.g. a poem or novel—to explore the choices made by the author and how they help to convey the text’s theme. It is not simply a book report or a review, but an in-depth interpretation of the text.

Literary analysis looks at things like setting, characters, themes, and figurative language. The goal is to closely analyze what the author conveys and how.

The introduction of a literary analysis essay presents the text and background, and provides your thesis statement; the body consists of close readings of the text with quotations and analysis in support of your argument; and the conclusion emphasizes what your approach tells us about the text.

Mouse over the example below, the introduction to a literary analysis essay on Frankenstein , to learn more.

Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is often read as a crude cautionary tale about the dangers of scientific advancement unrestrained by ethical considerations. In this reading, protagonist Victor Frankenstein is a stable representation of the callous ambition of modern science throughout the novel. This essay, however, argues that far from providing a stable image of the character, Shelley uses shifting narrative perspectives to portray Frankenstein in an increasingly negative light as the novel goes on. While he initially appears to be a naive but sympathetic idealist, after the creature’s narrative Frankenstein begins to resemble—even in his own telling—the thoughtlessly cruel figure the creature represents him as. This essay begins by exploring the positive portrayal of Frankenstein in the first volume, then moves on to the creature’s perception of him, and finally discusses the third volume’s narrative shift toward viewing Frankenstein as the creature views him.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

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At high school and in composition classes at university, you’ll often be told to write a specific type of essay , but you might also just be given prompts.

Look for keywords in these prompts that suggest a certain approach: The word “explain” suggests you should write an expository essay , while the word “describe” implies a descriptive essay . An argumentative essay might be prompted with the word “assess” or “argue.”

The vast majority of essays written at university are some sort of argumentative essay . Almost all academic writing involves building up an argument, though other types of essay might be assigned in composition classes.

Essays can present arguments about all kinds of different topics. For example:

• In a literary analysis essay, you might make an argument for a specific interpretation of a text
• In a history essay, you might present an argument for the importance of a particular event
• In a politics essay, you might argue for the validity of a certain political theory

An argumentative essay tends to be a longer essay involving independent research, and aims to make an original argument about a topic. Its thesis statement makes a contentious claim that must be supported in an objective, evidence-based way.

An expository essay also aims to be objective, but it doesn’t have to make an original argument. Rather, it aims to explain something (e.g., a process or idea) in a clear, concise way. Expository essays are often shorter assignments and rely less on research.

The key difference is that a narrative essay is designed to tell a complete story, while a descriptive essay is meant to convey an intense description of a particular place, object, or concept.

Narrative and descriptive essays both allow you to write more personally and creatively than other kinds of essays , and similar writing skills can apply to both.

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