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Who doesn't love free LSAT practice questions? In particular, the ones we offer completely free of charge are some of the most efficient and helpful available online today and they come with detailed solutions. For example, how else can you fine tune your Logical Reasoning skills without thorough explanations for correct answers? We take it a step further; not only do we provide correct answer breakdowns, but also thorough explanations as to why an answer is incorrect. As advanced test-takers like you realize all too well, there's often more than one way to arrive at a conclusion on this exam, which is why we also offer explanations of various routes of getting there.

Frankly, you won't find a more thorough set of practice questions and explanations than the ones we offer, whether it's through fine-tuning your Analytical Reasoning ability by understanding the structure of relationships and drawing subsequent conclusions or reading long form complex Reading Comprehension passages like the ones you'll encounter in law school. When you want to do the best, you have to go to the best. Truly, our 92 free practice questions help you get to the next level. Get going on your own LSAT skill refinement today. You've made it this far, why not take it a step further with our free practice questions?

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LSAT Logical Reasoning: Strategies from a 180 Scorer

High-yield tips to help you improve your lsat logical reasoning score, plus practice questions.

Table of Contents

Part 1: introduction to the lsat logical reasoning section, part 2: lsat logical reasoning section structure, part 3: logical reasoning question types, part 4: tips for taking the lsat logical reasoning section, part 5: study tips for the lsat logical reasoning section, part 6: practice lsat logical reasoning section questions, part 7: frequently asked questions .

Understanding arguments is fundamental to the work of lawyers and law students. The LSAT Logical Reasoning Section tests the critical reasoning skills that analyzing arguments requires. Such analysis can include understanding, evaluating, comparing, constructing, undermining, and strengthening arguments. The questions on the LSAT Logical Reasoning Section ask you to complete various aspects of this analysis under timed conditions.

Using sample arguments drawn from various topics, the questions on the LSAT Logical Reasoning Section evaluate your ability to analyze arguments. Few of the questions involve legal topics, but each question is designed to match patterns in legal arguments, both in structure and complexity. Whether studying to be an attorney or practicing as one, the arguments you are tasked with analyzing throughout your career will be dense and lengthy, requiring you to filter information for relevance. The questions on the LSAT Logical Reasoning Section entail similar evaluations of relevant and irrelevant information.

The LSAT Logical Reasoning Section tests a range of critical thinking skills that legal reasoning involves.  According to LSAC, the Law School Admissions Council and administrator of the test, these skills include:

Recognizing the parts of an argument and their relationships

Recognizing similarities and differences between patterns of reasoning

Drawing well-supported conclusions

Reasoning by analogy

Recognizing misunderstandings or points of disagreement

Determining how additional evidence affects an argument

Detecting assumptions made by particular arguments

Identifying and applying principles or rules

Identifying flaws in arguments

Identifying explanations

This sounds like a lot, and for some people the LSAT Logical Reasoning Section is a daunting obstacle, but with preparation and the insights into the section that we provide, you can feel more confident in your readiness for and performance on the LSAT Logical Reasoning Section. This guide includes helpful background information explaining the structure and composition of the test, as well as tips for taking and preparing for the section. Finally, we include some bonus sample questions and answer explanations for you to see how you’ll be asked these questions on exam day. 

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Each LSAT Logical Reasoning Section consists of 24-26 questions and lasts 35 minutes. The questions are multiple-choice with five answer choices lettered A-E. There is only one correct answer choice for each question. Some questions feature the word “except.” For these questions, the word “except” will be written in all capital letters and each of the answer choices will have the trait in question “except” for one.

Each question on the LSAT Logical Reasoning Section features three parts: a short paragraph (often referred to as the stimulus), the question, and the answers. Rarely, one stimulus will apply to two questions. When this happens, it will be clearly noted on the test.

 The stimulus will consist of a few sentences, normally in the range of 50-70 words. Occasionally, stimuli will be distinctively longer.  The stimuli include arguments, and some of these arguments are drawn from academic topics and history while others describe hypothetical scenarios.  No outside knowledge is required to answer these questions. Additionally, the scenarios described should be taken as fact, despite any outside knowledge you have.

The stimuli are followed by the question stem. The question stem is a one-sentence question regarding the argument that preceded it.  These question stems tend to follow certain patterns, so it’s possible to familiarize yourself with the various question types, and we’ll provide some insight into these patterns throughout this guide.

The answer choices are listed after the question stems. Though an answer may be true, that does not mean it is correct. Additionally, some answer choices may be exact quotes or close paraphrases of portions of the stimulus. Be careful of paraphrases with subtle changes that change the meaning.

An example of how you would see a question on the test is below. Each component is labeled for clarity but will not be labeled on the actual test:

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Though the LSAT has evolved over time, there are certain recurring patterns within the question types.  The LSAT tests the specific skills mentioned above and creates questions to evaluate those skills.  The most common question types are: assumption questions, strengthening/weakening questions, flaw questions, and inference questions. Less common question types include argument method questions, paradox questions, parallel reasoning questions, point at issue questions, principle questions, and role questions.

Most Common Question Types: Assumption, Strengthening/Weakening, Flaw, and Inference 

Less Common Question Types: Argument Method, Paradox, Parallel Reasoning, Point at Issue, Principle, and Role  

Below, we’ll dive into each question type.

Question Type 1: Assumption Questions

Assumption questions inquire about unstated assumptions in an argument and can be broken into two categories: necessary assumption and sufficient assumption. Necessary assumption questions will ask, “Which of the following assumptions does the argument require?”  In necessary assumption questions, the argument has made at least one unstated assumption in order to justify the conclusion. This question asks you to identify that assumption. 

Because it is a “necessary” assumption, you can think about that assumption as being essential to the argument. If it were not true, the argument would no longer stand. To answer this question, negate the answer choices and see which negated answer choice destroys the argument. The correct answer choice will destroy the argument when it is negated because it is the necessary assumption and without it the argument no longer stands. 

Some phrasings for necessary assumption questions include:

“The argument assumes which one of the following?” 

“Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?”  

“Which of the following is an assumption upon which the argument depends?” 

Sufficient assumption questions will ask about an assumption that allows the conclusion to be logically drawn. With these questions, there is a missing premise that when added, will make the overall argument sound.  Answering these questions will require you to understand the premise(s) and conclusion of the question stimulus. Sometimes, mapping the argument will help insufficient assumption questions, but it is not necessary. 

The correct answer will link the premises to the conclusion, so it can be helpful to look for an answer that has a component of each. Incorrect answers will not justify the conclusion. They are oftentimes irrelevant to the argument overall or justify a conclusion other than the one stated in the stimulus. 

Remember, the LSAT Logical Reasoning Section does not always present information in chronological order. Therefore, a conclusion may be placed between the premises that support it.

Some phrasings for sufficient assumption questions include:

“The conclusion above follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?”

“The conclusion above is properly drawn if which of the following is assumed?”

“Which of the following, if true, enables the conclusion to be properly drawn?”

Question Type 2: Strengthening/Weakening

Another common question type is strengthening and weakening questions. These questions ask you to either strengthen or weaken the argument in the stimulus. For these questions, you’re trying to make the conclusion more or less likely to be true. You do not need to completely invalidate or guarantee it. Be careful to stay within the scope of the question, and do not rely on external knowledge and assumptions .

The correct answer will affirm or undermine a premise or assumption within the stimulus, obviously depending on if you’re looking at a strengthening or weakening question. Fortunately, these questions are very common and follow certain patterns. Oftentimes, the argument will present a supposed causal relationship. You can strengthen or affirm the relationship by bolstering or challenging the causal relationship. 

The questions ask for the answer choice that “most” weakens or strengthens the argument. You may see more than one answer that impacts the argument, but only select the answer choice that impacts it the most and in the direction that the question is asking.

Some strengthening question stems include:

Which one of the following, if true, lends the most support to the conclusion above?

Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the reasoning above?

Which one of the following, if true, would most strengthen the reasoning above?

Some weakening question stems include:

Which one of the following, if true, is the logically strongest counter to the argument above?

Which one of the following statements, if true, most weakens the argument?

Which one of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the conclusion drawn in the argument above?

Remember, on strengthening questions, you’re adding support and on weakening questions you’re taking away support.

Question Type 3: Flaw Questions

Flaw questions are asking about logical errors made within the argument. Though they can be difficult, these questions are fairly straightforward with the right approach. After understanding the argument in the stimulus, you can oftentimes predict the answer. If you did not immediately notice a flaw in the argument, or noticed more than one, evaluate the answer choices.  The correct answer choice will be an actual logical flaw (as opposed to a weakness) and be a flaw that actually occurred in an argument. Incorrect answer choices will not be logical errors or will be logical errors that did not happen in the specific stimulus you’re being asked about.

Flaw question stems include:

The argument commits which one of the following errors of reasoning?

The argument’s reasoning is questionable in that the argument…?

The reasoning in the argument above is flawed in that the argument…?

The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that the argument overlooks the possibility that…?

The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument…?

Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the argument’s reasoning?

Question Type 4: Inference Questions

Inference questions are also straightforward, though they’re not always easy to answer. Inference questions ask what can be inferred based ONLY on the information above. For inference questions, like all questions on the LSAT, it’s critical to not draw on your outside knowledge. For inference questions, it may be helpful to map the argument to ensure that you don’t pull outside information into your brain. Commonly tested inferences include the transitive, the contrapositive, and the contrapositive of the transitive. It’s not necessary to study symbolic reasoning to complete the LSAT Logical Reasoning Section, but a basic understanding of mapping and these inference types can be helpful.

Correct answers to inference questions will be true and supported by the information in the stimulus. Incorrect answers will either be in contradiction to the stimulus, unsupported by the stimulus, or only a possibility based on the stimulus, meaning it could also not be true. Based on the information in the stimulus, the correct answer choice must be true.

Some inference question stems include:

Based on the argument above, which of the following must be true? Which of the following can be logically inferred from the argument above?

Which of the following is most supported by the statements above?

Question Type 5: Argument Method

Argument method questions inquire about how the argument proceeds. These questions ask you to summarize the argument in the stimulus, understanding and naming the relationship between the premise(s) and the conclusion. These questions occur less frequently than the first four question types, but they do appear on occasion. The correct answer will accurately describe the argument in the stimulus. 

If the correct answer choice is not immediately clear, compare each answer choice to the stimulus, evaluating it for consistency with the argument. Pay special attention to the verbs in each answer choice, as they can be clear signals of what the answer choice posits. Does the argument do what the answer choice suggests? If not, the answer choice is incorrect. This question type is evaluating your ability to distill arguments and understand the way arguments are formed.

Some argument method question stems include:

Which of the following most accurately describes the method of reasoning?

The argument functions in which of the following ways?

The argument proceeds by…?

Question Type 6: Paradox

Paradox questions also appear less frequently on the test, but they are nonetheless important to prepare for. Luckily, they’re not too complex and can be answered with some simple understanding. Paradox questions present information that is seemingly at odds. As you read the stimulus, look out for any contradictions, paradoxes, or discrepancies. The correct answer choice will remedy that concern.

Instead of anticipating the answer, because there are oftentimes numerous ways the hypothetical paradox can be resolved, filter through the answer choices looking for the answer choice that allows both components of the paradox to be true and also explains how they coexist. Incorrect answer choices will not resolve the paradox or will be inconsistent with one or both components of the paradox.

Some paradox question stems include:

Which of the following, if true, would help to resolve the apparent paradox presented above?

Which of the following, if true, contributes most to an explanation of the apparent discrepancy described above?

Which of the following helps account for the discrepancy?

Question Type 7: Parallel Reasoning

Parallel Reasoning questions are another less frequent question type. They can seem complex but are oftentimes very simple. At the core, parallel reasoning questions are about matching. You must match the stimulus with an answer choice. The difficulty, however, arises in quickly understanding the argument structure in the stimulus and then understanding the argument structures of the answer choices. 

Answering this question without being fully clear on the stimulus can be very difficult, so try your best to understand the stimulus before evaluating the answer choice. For this question type, mapping may be helpful but is not necessary. Another useful tool can be paraphrasing: paraphrase the argument and focus on how the argument advances. The correct answer choice will have an argument that posits a similar relationship between the premises and conclusion.

Some parallel reasoning question stems include: 

Which of the following most closely resembles the argument above?

Which of the following contains reasoning parallel to the argument above?

Which of the following most closely parallels the argument above?

Which of the following is most similar to the argument above?

Remember, the specific components in the correct answer may not be presented in the same order as the stimulus, but they will be related in the same way as the relationship in the stimulus.

Question Type 8: Point at Issue

Point at issue questions do not appear frequently on the LSAT Logical Reasoning Section, but you should still be familiar with them. These questions involve understanding and naming disagreements and inconsistencies between two perspectives. Oftentimes, these questions present two people’s arguments through two to three short responses. The question will task you with spotting a disagreement between their statements. Less frequently, you may be asked to note what they agree about.

To answer this question, understand what each of the speakers is saying, and then refer to the answer choices. For disagreement questions, each speaker will have an opinion on the matter, and their opinions will be in opposition.  If one or both speakers do not have an opinion on the matter or their opinions are not in opposition, the answer choice is incorrect. For agreement questions, both speakers will have an opinion on the matter in the correct answer choice and their opinions will be consistent.

Some point at issue question stems include:

____ and ____ disagree over?

____ and ____ disagree over the truth of which the following statements

The statements above provide the most support for holding that the authors would disagree with which of the following statements?

Which of the following best describes the point at issue between ____ and ____?

Question Type 9: Principle

Principle questions, like all of the questions in the LSAT Logical Reasoning Section, require you to understand the argument in the stimulus. For these questions, you’re distilling the argument to a simple guiding principle. The correct answer choice will match the reasoning presented in the argument. Incorrect answer choices will not accurately capture the argument.

Sometimes, principle questions will present a principle in the stimulus, and you’ll be asked to identify a situation that conforms to that principle. The same concept of distilling and matching applies. The correct answer will match the circumstance/principle in the stimulus to the principle/circumstance in the answer choice.

Some principle questions stems include:

Which one of the following generalizations is most clearly illustrated by the passage?

Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the reasoning in the editorial?

The situation described above best illustrates which one of the following propositions?

Which of the following judgments conforms most closely to the principle cited by the columnist?

Which of the following best illustrates the principle above?

Question 10: Role 

Role questions focus on specific parts of the stimulus and ask you to identify their function.  Sometimes, you’re categorizing parts of the argument into premises or conclusions. Other times, you’re identifying how that premise or conclusion is being used.  This category also includes main point questions, which simply ask you to describe the main point (conclusion) of the stimulus. Mapping can be helpful for this question type but is not necessary.

It’s critical to understand that certain words like “therefore” tend to introduce conclusions while other words like “because'' tend to introduce premises. Further, some conclusions can be intermediate conclusions that though concluded from a set of premises, become support for another conclusion. You must also remember that the order in which reasoning is presented does not always explain what part of the argument it is.

Some role question stems include:

Which of the following best describes the role of the statement ____ in the argument above?

Which of the following best describes the function of the statement ____ in the argument above?

Which of the best describes the main point of the argument above?

Below is a list of the question types covered in this section. It covers most of the questions you will see on the LSAT Logical Reasoning Section. Occasionally, however, you may encounter a question that does not fit perfectly into one of these categories. If this happens, remain calm and be sure to take time to understand both the question stem and the stimulus before evaluating the answer choices and choosing the most accurate response.

Tip 1: Read the Question Stem First

As you complete the LSAT Logical Reasoning Section, it’s recommended that you start with the question stem first. Understanding what type of question is being asked can make understanding the stimulus and answering the question a much quicker process. Reading the question stem first helps you more intentionally read the stimulus, looking out for specific information.

Tip 2: Pacing

As you complete the LSAT Logical Reasoning Section, it’s important to pace yourself. For the 35-minute section and the maximum 26 questions, you have about one minute and twenty seconds to complete each question. To stay on pace, it’s important to recognize when you are spending too long on a question.  Sometimes, it’s helpful to move on from the question and come back with fresh eyes. 

Some test takers also find it helpful to break the 35 minutes into groups of questions, aiming to complete the first ten questions in ten minutes, the next ten questions in fifteen minutes, and the remaining questions in the last ten minutes. This approach treats the LSAT questions as increasing in difficulty throughout the section. 

Tip 3: Mapping

Mapping reasoning is not necessary for the LSAT Logical Reasoning Section, but it can be very helpful to have a basic understanding of mapping conditional statements. To get started, you may want to search for tools on the subjects of symbolic reasoning and mapping conditional statements. This system of representation can be helpful as you move through the test as it provides a way to quickly synthesize and store information.

Tip 4: Annotating

As you take the test, you may find it helpful to take notes. This can be helpful if you have difficulty following along with the stimulus or tend to miss specific details. If you choose to annotate, be sure to do so neatly and quickly. It is easy to over annotate and waste precious time that could be used to understand and answer the question. Annotating can also be helpful when you are stuck on a question. You can use annotation to remind yourself which questions you need to return to as well as mark the answers you were deciding between. As you take the test, be sure to develop a system for annotating so that you can be intentional and efficient. 

Tip 1: Timed Practice

As you prepare for the LSAT Logical Reasoning Section, it’s important to adjust to the timed conditions of the section. When you first begin, you may have trouble completing the section but with practice, you’ll improve your speed. One of the key components to improving speed is to practice identifying the question type and practice distilling the arguments. Can you quickly identify the conclusion of the argument? If not, try underlining the conclusion in each stimulus in the section.

Tip 2: Untimed Practice

Another helpful approach is to take untimed LSAT Logical Reasoning sections. Allow yourself to complete the section without being concerned with time. Make note of which questions take you the longest to complete. Are there any patterns to the questions that slow you down? Are you taking a long time to identify the type of question being asked? Taking untimed questions can help build familiarity with the section as well as reveal some of the obstacles challenging you.

Tip 3: Review

When studying for the LSAT Logical Reasoning Section, it’s imperative that you thoroughly review your work.  After completing a test and without looking at the correct answers, go back and review the test. Are there any answers you would change? If so, make note of those and score the test a second time with those changed answers.

Oftentimes you’ll see that you score higher when you have reviewed the material again. This will diagnose areas of the test where you understand how to answer the question correctly but are unable to do so due to time constraints. It can be helpful to reinforce these areas as well as any areas that remain incorrect even after a second review.

Tip 4: Specific Question Types

As you review your completed LSAT Logical Reasoning Sections, make note of which question types are troubling you the most.  Spend extra time reviewing those questions. It may also be helpful to go through tests and specifically practice that question type.

Part 6: Practice LSAT Logical Reasoning Questions

Question 1: Some schools have gymnasiums. All gymnasiums have basketball hoops. Some basketball hoops have glass backboards.

Based on the information above, which of the following must be true?

A) All schools have gymnasiums.

B) Some schools have basketball hoops with plastic backboards.

C) Some schools have basketball hoops with glass backboards.

D) All schools have basketball hoops.

E) Some schools have basketball hoops

Question 2: Annie likes chocolate. Everyone who likes chocolate also enjoys peanut butter. Therefore Annie enjoys peanut butter.

Which of the following has reasoning parallel to the argument above?

A) Students who read books love theater. The fifth-grader loves theater. Therefore the fifth-grader loves reading books.

B) Students who read books love theater. The fifth-grader reads books. Therefore the fifth-grader loves theater.

C) Students who read books love theater. The student is a fifth-grader. Therefore the fifth-grader loves reading books.

D) The fifth-grader loves theater. Students who love books love theater. Therefore the fifth-grader loves reading books.

E) The fifth-grader reads books. Students who love theater read books. Therefore the fifth-grader loves theater.

Question 3: Because it is extremely cold outside, the library will be open as a warming center. The library usually opens as a warming center when it is extremely cold or when there is the possibility of another dangerous weather event. Extremely low temperatures count as a dangerous weather event.

Which of the following best expresses the conclusion of the passage above?

A) It is extremely cold outside.

B) Extremely low temperatures count as a dangerous weather event.

C) The library usually opens as a warming center when it is extremely cold.

D) The library will be open as a warming center.

E) The library usually opens as a warming center when there is the possibility of another dangerous weather event.

Question 4: The historic low point in the economy was caused by the high interest rates that were initiated immediately before the low point was achieved.

Which of the following most weakens the statement above?

A) The economy was already worsening well before the interest rates were increased.

B) High interest rates have previously improved the economy.

C) High interest rates always impact economic growth.

D) Interest rates impact other parts of society outside of the economy too.

E) Experts agree that low interest rates are the best way to improve the economy.

Question 5: Markham says that the new development is overpriced. But Markham also was convicted of embezzling. Therefore, Markham must be incorrect because he can’t be trusted.

The argument above is flawed because it 

A) Mistakes a necessary conclusion for a sufficient conclusion.

B) Relies on ambiguous wording to advance its point.

C) Attacks the person instead of the argument they are advancing.

D) Suggests a causal relationship based on correlated events.

E) Assumes that one circumstance is representative of all circumstances.

Answer key for practice questions

Answer choice E is correct.   The question stem signals that this an inference question. So, the correct answer choice must be accurately derived from the text. The correct answer choice is E because it is the only answer supported by the text. The other answer choices either contradict the text or are not explicitly supported by the text. Answer choice E is correct because if some schools have gymnasiums and all gymnasiums have basketball courts, then there must be some school with a basketball court.

Answer choice B is correct. As suggested by the question stem, this is a parallel reasoning question. The correct answer choice is B because it models the transitive logic in the stimulus. The stimulus provides that Annie likes chocolate and everyone who likes chocolate also enjoys peanut butter and therefore Annie likes peanut butter (because she likes chocolate and therefore fits the rule about liking chocolate and enjoying peanut butter). This is a transitive argument that combines two related premises to arrive at a conclusion.  Answer choice B demonstrates similar logic explaining that students who read books love theater and the fifth-grader reads books and, therefore, the fifth-grader loves theater. The elements are not presented in the same order but the argument structure is still the same.

Answer choice D is correct. This is a role question that specifically focuses on identifying the conclusion of the argument. Conclusions are statements supported by premises. The correct answer choice is D because it expresses the conclusion of the sentence. It is the only portion of the argument supported by a premise. Premises are often introduced by the word “because.”

Answer choice A is correct. As noted in the question stem, this is a weakening question. The argument posits a causal relationship based on sequential events. The correct answer choice is A because it removes support from the premise by suggesting that the economy was already declining even before the interest rates were raised so that there must be another cause. This answer choice invalidates the supposed causal relationship suggested by the sequence of events referenced by the argument.

Answer choice C is correct. The question stem indicates that this is a flaw question. The correct answer choice is C because it correctly identifies a flaw that occurred in the argument. Though each of the answers suggests an actual flaw, only the flaw noted in answer choice C is a flaw actually demonstrated by the argument. 

You can find more sample LSAT Logical Reasoning Questions here .

Part 7: Frequently Asked Questions

How do I get faster at the LSAT Logical Reasoning Section? Practicing the LSAT Logical Reasoning Section will be a great tool as you aim to improve your speed.  As you practice, focus on pacing, making sure you are not spending too much time on one question. 

It may be helpful to develop a plan ahead of time for how much time you will spend on each question. You may want to aim to finish a certain number of questions within a specific time, or only spend a specific amount of time on each question. Additionally, as you practice more, your familiarity with the question stems will increase and you will be able to more quickly understand the question at hand. 

How do I know what type of question is being asked on the LSAT Logical Reasoning Section? As you prepare for the LSAT Logical Reasoning Section, familiarize yourself with the question stems listed throughout this guide. As you practice, you may see other variations of these question stems with subtle changes. If you encounter a question stem you’re wholly unfamiliar with, try to understand what is being asked and then consider if it relates to any of the question stems and types you’ve seen before. If you’re still stuck, you may find some insight in the answer choices being offered.

How many Logical Reasoning Sections are on the LSAT? Due to COVID-19, the LSAT is offering a shortened version called the LSAT Flex, which includes only one graded Logical Reasoning Section. Under normal circumstances, the LSAT has two graded Logical Reasoning Sections. Please check the LSAT website for the most current information.

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Dr. Shirag Shemmassian is the Founder of Shemmassian Academic Consulting and one of the world's foremost experts on law school admissions. For nearly 20 years, he and his team have helped thousands of students get into law school using his exclusive approach.

LSAT Logical Reasoning Practice Tests

Each LSAT Logical Reasoning question requires you to read and understand a short passage, and then answer the question. The questions are structured to test a wide range of critical thinking skills.

The Logical Reasoning section consists of two, thirty-five-minute sections, each with between twenty-four and twenty-six questions. Every question contains its own argument and a question. The argument is sometimes referred to as a stimulus or question stem. For the purposes of this guide, it will be called the argument.

As with all of the other sections, there is no penalty for wrong answers; therefore, all questions should be answered. Complete the section in the allotted time, as opposed to completing it in a time crunch. The questions contain significantly less verbiage than the Reading Comprehension section and range from two to twelve lines of text. Learn More

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LSAT Logical Reasoning / Arguments Section What are Arguments? The LSAT Logical Reasoning section questions your ability to understand and analyze short arguments—therefore, this section is often referred to as the “Arguments” section. An argument consists of a stimulus, a question stem, and five answer choices. You will encounter the stimulus first; this is usually the argument itself. The stimulus consists of one to five sentences comprising a brief “argument” that you must analyze. The question stem is the question you must answer; for example, “Each of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument EXCEPT (which answer choice),” or “Which of the following can be properly inferred from the statements above?” The five answer choices will follow the question stem.  There are a few basic components of arguments that you must understand in order to be successful on this section. A “premise” is a piece of evidence in the argument that can be used to support or refute a conclusion. A “conclusion” is the summation of this evidence, the judgment that the author comes to after considering all factors involved. An “assumption” can simply be thought of as an unstated premise—something that must be true in order for the argument to be valid, but not explicitly stated. An “inference” can be thought of as an unstated conclusion—something that, when all evidence is taken into account, can be properly drawn or inferred. Whether you need  top LSAT tutors in New York ,  LSAT tutors in Chicago , or  top LSAT tutors in Los Angeles , working with a pro may take your studies to the next level. Where does the Logical Reasoning section appear on the LSAT? There are four scored sections on the LSAT, and Logical Reasoning makes up fifty percent of the scored multiple-choice on the official LSAT. You will have to complete two Logical Reasoning sections, one Analytical Reasoning section, one Reading Comprehension section and the Writing Sample. There is also an extra experimental section on each LSAT, which does not count towards your score; it is used by the test-makers to help create questions for future tests. The experimental section can be Logical Reasoning, Analytical Reasoning, or Reading Comprehension, but you are not alerted as to which section of your LSAT is the unscored section. After taking the exam, you can guess as to which section was experimental, based on the number of each type of section you face. For example, if your test contains three Logical Reasoning sections, you can be assured that one of them was the experimental section, though you will not know which one it was. The sections of the LSAT are organized randomly, except for the Writing Sample, which will always be the last section you complete. You could encounter both Logical Reasoning sections right away, or you could have a nice mix of sections. There is no way to know before you sit down at the test; therefore, you could do Logical Reasoning before, after, or between the other sections depending on your specific test. How much time do you have to complete the LSAT Logical Reasoning section? Every section on the LSAT is a timed 35-minute section. The Logical Reasoning sections will generally have 24 to 26 questions per section. This means that you have approximately one minute and thirty seconds per argument. The questions tend to get harder as you progress through the section; i.e. question twenty-four is almost guaranteed to be more difficult than question five. Because of this fact, some students prefer to tailor their time to the difficulty of the test. Instead of rushing to get through every question, they devote two or more minutes to each question, knowing that they won’t finish the section. Working in this way gives more time to attempt the easier questions, which they are more likely to get right, than rushing through to get to difficult questions.. What are the different types of Logical Reasoning / Arguments questions? There are many different categories of Logical Reasoning questions; different people will categorize them in different ways. A basic breakdown will include questions of the following types: t Must Be/Cannot Be True: These types of questions require you to understand the implications of the various premises given in order to divine what further information either must or cannot be true. Main Point: These questions will ask you to surmise what the main point of the argument was. Common wrong answers will include topics mentioned in the argument that lack the main conclusion presented. Conditional Reasoning: These types of questions require you to use conditional reasoning to select the correct answer. The argument will include a conditional or conditionals that work together in some way. Strengthen/Weaken: The questions ask you to pick the answer choice that if true, most strengthens or weakens the given argument. Assumption/Inference: Assumption questions will ask you to pick out the necessary assumption, and Inference questions will ask you to pick out a possible inference. Resolve the Paradox: These types of questions follow arguments that contain some kind of contradiction. They will ask you to choose the answer that would most effectively eliminate the argument’s illogicality. Formal Logic: These questions rely on your ability to understand and apply Formal Logic, which can differ greatly from what you might consider “everyday” logic. Method of Reasoning: In these questions, you are asked to choose the answer that best verbalizes the way in which the author makes his or her argument. Flaw in the Reasoning: These questions will follow an argument that contains some kind of logical flaw. You are asked to either identify the type of flaw or identify the logical gap in the argument itself. Parallel Reasoning: In order to correctly answer these types of questions, you must be able to identify the method of reasoning used in the argument, which may or may not contain a flaw, and choose the answer that best mirrors that method. Principle: These questions will either ask you to choose the principle behind the argument, or to choose another argument that uses the same principle or justification. What are some basic Logical Reasoning / Arguments strategies? The directions preceding every Logical Reasoning section are as follows: “The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages. For some questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer; that is, the response that most accurately and completely answers the question. You should not make assumptions that are by commonsense standards implausible, superfluous, or incompatible with the passage. After you have chosen the best answer, blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet.” The test-makers are admitting right up front that there may be more than one “good” answer choice for a question, but you are expected to pick the “best” one. Because of this distinction, Logical Reasoning can be a very difficult and frustrating section for test takers. One way to deal with this obstacle is to read every single answer choice carefully. That way you won’t accidentally settle for a “good” answer when you haven’t read the “best” answer. The best way to prepare for this section is to learn all of the different question types and the strategies associated with each. The basic skills involved in identifying premises, conclusions, assumptions and inferences are imperative to success in Logical Reasoning. A thorough and complete understanding of conditionals, including mistaken negations, mistaken reversals, and contrapositives, as well as the basics of formal logic, is also necessary. Overall, a good way to prepare for this section is to take as many free Varsity Tutors LSAT Practice Tests as possible, focusing on the Logical Reasoning sections. Each free LSAT Logical Reasoning Practice Test consists of ten to twelve questions, and each problem includes a detailed explanation of how to arrive at the correct answer. The more familiar you are with the different types of questions and answer choices, the easier this section of the LSAT will be. Try to identify which question types are consistently tricky for you, and focus on studying those. Varsity Tutors' free LSAT Logical Reasoning Practice Tests present a variety of question types found on the LSAT Logical Reasoning section, but questions are also organized by type, so you can focus on one question type exclusively until you have mastered it. Varsity Tutors also offers resources like  free LSAT Logical Reasoning Diagnostic Tests  to help with your self-paced study, or you may want to consider an  LSAT Logical Reasoning tutor . You may also benefit by taking a Full-Length LSAT Logical Reasoning Practice Test. Try beginning your preparation with one of these free full-length practice tests, which give you a comprehensive overview of your proficiency on the test. These online practice tests ask you a broad range of questions that cover all of the concepts that might be covered on the real exam. The extended format also gives you an idea of how fast you are working through the questions, so you’ll know just how to pace yourself on test day. The results pages for the complete practice tests provide loads of useful feedback, including extensive explanations for each correct answer and links to more review opportunities on important topics. The free online practice tests can also help you tailor an LSAT study plan to meet your unique needs. When you feel more prepared, you can track your growth by taking another Full-Length LSAT Logical Reasoning Practice Test. In addition to the LSAT Logical Reasoning Practice Tests and  LSAT Logical Reasoning tutoring , you may also want to consider using some of our  LSAT Logical Reasoning Flashcards .  By preparing well in advance and making use of Varsity Tutors' LSAT resources, you can be confident in your ability to solve LSAT Logical Reasoning problems correctly on test day!

Practice Tests by Concept

Assumption practice test, necessary assumption practice test, determining which answer is an assumption on which the argument depends. practice test, sufficient assumption practice test, determining which answer is an assumption which justifies the conclusion of the argument. practice test, flaw practice test, determining the flaw in the argument. practice test, inference practice test, cannot be true practice test, determining which answer cannot be true based on the information given. practice test, must be true practice test, determining which answer must be true based on the information given. practice test, main point / main conclusion practice test, determining which answer most accurately expresses the main idea of the argument. practice test, method of reasoning practice test, determine the method of reasoning used in the argument. practice test, parallel reasoning practice test, determining which answer uses parallel reasoning to the argument provided. practice test, point at issue practice test, determining which answer best expresses the point at issue. practice test, resolve the paradox practice test, determining which answer most helps to resolve the paradox. practice test, strengthen/support practice test, determining which answer most strengthens the argument. practice test, weaken/undermine practice test, determining which answer most weakens the argument. practice test, practice quizzes, lsat logical reasoning problem set 36, lsat logical reasoning problem set 31, lsat logical reasoning problem set 30, lsat logical reasoning problem set 29, lsat logical reasoning problem set 27, lsat logical reasoning problem set 25, lsat logical reasoning problem set 24, lsat logical reasoning problem set 23, lsat logical reasoning problem set 22, lsat logical reasoning problem set 21, lsat logical reasoning problem set 18, lsat logical reasoning problem set 17, lsat logical reasoning problem set 14, lsat logical reasoning problem set 13, lsat logical reasoning problem set 12, lsat logical reasoning problem set 11, lsat logical reasoning problem set 10, lsat logical reasoning problem set 8, lsat logical reasoning problem set 7, lsat logical reasoning problem set 6, lsat logical reasoning problem set 5, lsat logical reasoning problem set 4, lsat logical reasoning problem set 3, lsat logical reasoning problem set 2.

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Lsat logical reasoning: question types + sample questions.

Reviewed by:

David Merson

Former Head of Pre-Law Office, Northeastern University, & Admissions Officer, Brown University

Reviewed: 4/5/24

If you’re on the long, bumpy road to law school and want to know how to ace the LSAT logical reasoning section, this guide will tell you everything you need to know!

The logical reasoning (LR) section can be stressful and overwhelming. You’ll be expected to read complicated passages with words you’ve likely never seen before, deconstruct and understand them, and choose the correct answer out of choices that are just as confusing as the passages.  

If you’ve begun your LSAT prep and aren’t sure where to start for the LR section or can’t seem to figure out how to best tackle the questions, this guide has got you covered! 

We’ll break down the most common LR questions, share tried and true tips on how to nail the LSAT , and include practice questions and answers to put these tips to the test!

LSAT Logical Reasoning Section Format & Question Types

To study effectively, you’ll need to understand the format of the LSAT . Each LR LSAT question will have three parts: a passage, a question or task, and five multiple-choice questions.

You will have to complete at least one LR section comprised of 24-26 questions. If you get LR questions for the experimental section of the LSAT , you’ll have to do another set of 24-26 questions.

Before delving into the 20 most common question types you’ll see on the LSAT LR section , it’s important to first understand what an argument consists of so you know how to properly deconstruct one!

What is an Argument?

These are the main parts of the arguments you’ll see in the LR section: 

Now, let’s move on to the question types!

Find the Conclusion

Find the conclusion questions will ask you to identify the author’s main argument in a given passage. To accurately answer this question, ensure you find the statement that has the most evidence but doesn’t support any claim itself. 

These questions will generally look like:

• “Which one of the following most accurately expresses the conclusion drawn in this argument?”
• “The conclusion drawn in Mary’s argument is…”

Most Strongly Supported 

Most strongly supported questions will ask you to find the answer choice that is supported the most by the information in the passage. In other words, using only the information provided in the passage, which choice has enough evidence to be true? 

You may also be asked which choice is least supported by the passage.

Sample Strongly Supported questions are:

• “Which of the following is most strongly supported by the information above?”
• “Which of the following most logically completes the argument?”
• “Which of the following can be most reasonably concluded from the information above?”
• “Which of the following claims can most justifiably be rejected on the basis of the claims above?”

Find the Disagreement

These questions will involve questions that have two speakers sharing their opinions on a topic. You will be asked to find a claim both speakers would either agree or disagree with.

Both speakers must have an opinion on the statement in the correct choice. If one speaker does not express an opinion, then that answer choice cannot be true. 

Find the Disagreement question examples are:

• “Kim and John disagree over/on whether…”
• “Based on their statements, Lola and Hailey agree that…”

Find the Technique

For Find the Technique questions, you have to focus on the way the argument is constructed and how the author gets their point across. What techniques do they use to make their argument? 

These questions will be similar to the following samples:

• “Lyla responds to Jack’s claim using which of the following argumentative techniques?”
• “Which of the following is a reasoning technique used in the argument?”

For Role Call questions, you’ll be identifying the role a certain statement plays in the overall passage. Depending on the statement, it might be evidence, background information, or the main conclusion.

Examples of these questions are:

• “The claim that… is used in the argument to…”

Pinpoint the Principle

These questions will ask you to identify the principle used in the passage. You may be asked to identify the principle that justifies the argument or the principle that’s illustrated in the passage. 

These principles will be specific to the passage, not universal principles.

Pinpoint the Principle questions will follow this format:

• “The argument’s reasoning most closely conforms to which of the following principles?”
• “Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps justify the reasoning in the argument above?”

Match the Structure

These questions are amongst the hardest and longest LR questions. Match the Structure questions require you to look at the given passage and see which answer choice has the same structure. Each answer choice will be its own passage.

This structure can refer to the type of reasoning used or how the argument is presented. The correct answer will have the same kind of evidence and the same kind of conclusion as the passage. 

Sample Match the Structure questions are:

• “Which one of the following arguments is most similar in its reasoning to the argument above?”
• ​​“Which one of the following arguments is most similar in its reasoning to the argument above?”

Match the Principles

Similar to Match the Structure questions, match the principle questions require you to find the answer choice that uses the same principle as the argument in the passage.

These questions will typically look like this:

• “The principle underlying the above argument is most similar to the principle underlying which one of the following arguments?”

Find the Flaw

Find the Flaw questions will ask you to deduce the flaw in the argument presented in the passage. Is the author mistaking correlation for causation? Are they making a generalization? Are they attacking someone’s opinion based on their character? 

Consider common fallacies when reading the passage.

Find the Flaw question examples are:

• “Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the argument’s reasoning?
• “The argument’s reasoning is questionable in that the argument…”

Match the Flaws

For these questions, you will have to figure out which answer choice has the same flaw as the one in the passage. 

The question stems for these types of questions will look like this:

• “The flawed pattern of reasoning in the argument above is most similar to that in which of the following?”

Necessary Assumptions

Throughout your LSAT prep you’ll come across the terms necessary and sufficient conditions or assumptions. Necessary assumptions are those that must occur in order for the argument to work. This assumption will not be explicitly stated in the passage, so your job will be to figure out what is being assumed in order for the argument to be true.

Without this assumption, the entire argument would be undermined. 

Necessary Assumption questions typically follow this format:

• “Which of the following is an assumption required by the argument?”
• “The argument requires the assumption that”

Sufficient Assumptions

With a focus on language, sufficient assumptions are just that – sufficient enough to make the argument logically valid if added to it. In other words, the conclusion can be drawn logically if this assumption is made. This sufficient assumption will bridge the gap between the evidence and conclusion to complete the argument. 

Examples of the types of questions are:

• “The conclusion drawn above follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?”
• “The conclusion of the argument is strongly supported if which one of the following is assumed?”

In case you’re still having a hard time understanding the difference between a necessary and sufficient assumption, here is an example to clarify:

Let’s say you want to guarantee you can buy a $10 shirt that’s on sale. A necessary assumption would be that you have $1, and a sufficient assumption would be that you have $20. This sufficient assumption is not necessary because you could have less money and still be able to buy the shirt but $20 is enough to guarantee the purchase. 

On the other hand, $1 is necessary to buy a $10 shirt but is not sufficient to do so. Without at least $1, however, the entire guarantee is undermined. 

Strengthen and Weaken Questions

Strengthen questions will ask you to choose the answer choice that, if true, would most strengthen or weaken the argument being made. The correct answer choice will make the conclusion more or less likely to happen, depending on the type of question.

Sample Strengthen or Weaken questions are: 

• “Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens/weakens the argument?”

Helping Hand

For Helping Hand questions, you’ll have to identify which choice would be the most helpful to evaluate the argument. These are similar to Strengthen questions because the correct answer will make the argument more concrete.

You may also be asked which answers are the least helpful to know! Either way, the question stems will look similar to these examples:

• “Which of the following would be most useful to know in order to evaluate the argument?”
• “The answer to which one of the following would least help in evaluating the argument?”

Explanations

These questions will ask you to find the answer that best explains a situation in the passage. These are not meant to be confused with Strengthen questions, as they are not trying to help the argument on a whole but create a logical explanation for a part of the argument.

Examples of these types of questions are:

• “Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain the preference described above?”
• “Which one of the following, if true, contributes to an explanation of the difference in opinions presented?”

Resolutions

For Resolution questions, you will be trying to find the solution to a discrepancy described in the passage. 

Resolution questions will follow this type of format:

• “Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent conflict described above?”
• “Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the discrepancy in the argument above?”

Logical Reasoning Sample Questions With Answers

Now that we’ve gone over the common questions you’ll see on the LSAT, here are some sample LSAT LR practice questions and their answers.

Question One

Laird: Pure research provides us with new technologies that contribute to saving lives. Even more worthwhile than this, however, is its role in expanding our knowledge and providing new, unexplored ideas.

Kim: Your priorities are mistaken. Saving lives is what counts most of all. Without pure research, medicine would not be as advanced as it is.

Laird and Kim disagree on whether pure research

• derives its significance in part from its providing new technologies
• expands the boundaries of our knowledge of medicine
• should have the saving of human lives as an important goal
• has its most valuable achievements in medical applications
• has any value apart from its role in providing new technologies to save lives

Answer and Explanation

The correct answer to this question is D. Laird argues pure research’s most valuable purpose is to expand knowledge, whereas Kim argues its most valuable purpose is in medical application to save lives. 

Option D is correct because Kim would agree with it, and Laird would disagree.

Question Two

During the construction of the Quebec Bridge in 1907, the bridge’s designer, Theodore Cooper, received word that the suspended span being built out from the bridge’s cantilever was deflecting downward by a fraction of an inch (2.54 centimeters).

Before he could telegraph to freeze the project, the whole cantilever arm broke off and plunged, along with seven dozen workers, into the St. Lawrence River. It was the worst bridge construction disaster in history.

As a direct result of the inquiry that followed, the engineering “rules of thumb” by which thousands of bridges had been built around the world went down with the Quebec Bridge. Twentieth-century bridge engineers would thereafter depend on far more rigorous applications of mathematical analysis.

Which one of the following statements can be properly inferred from the passage?

• Bridges built before about 1907 were built without thorough mathematical analysis and, therefore, were unsafe for the public to use.
• Cooper’s absence from the Quebec Bridge construction site resulted in the breaking off of the cantilever.
• Nineteenth-century bridge engineers relied on their rules of thumb because analytical methods were inadequate to solve their design problems.
• Only a more rigorous application of mathematical analysis to the design of the Quebec Bridge could have prevented its collapse.
• Prior to 1907 the mathematical analysis incorporated in engineering rules of thumb was insufficient to completely assure the safety of bridges under construction.

E is the correct answer because it is the only choice that makes a logical inference based on the information presented. The passage indicates that the Quebec Bridge disaster occurred in 1907 and caused the engineering “rule of thumbs” to stop being used. 

As such, it can be inferred that this 1907 disaster bridge, and the ones before it, used the rule of thumbs and that these rules were insufficient to completely assure the safety of the bridges since the Quebec bridge collapsed. 

Question Three

The supernova event of 1987 is interesting in that there is still no evidence of the neutron star that current theory says should have remained after a supernova of that size. 

This is in spite of the fact that many of the most sensitive instruments ever developed have searched for the tell-tale pulse of radiation that neutron stars emit. Thus, current theory is wrong in claiming that supernovas of a certain size always produce neutron stars.

Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

• Most supernova remnants that astronomers have detected have a neutron star nearby.
• Sensitive astronomical instruments have detected neutron stars much farther away than the location of the 1987 supernova.
• The supernova of 1987 was the first that scientists were able to observe in progress.
• Several important features of the 1987 supernova are correctly predicted by the current theory.
• Some neutron stars are known to have come into existence by a cause other than a supernova explosion.

The correct answer to this question is B. The main argument being made is that current theory that claims that supernovas of a certain size always produce neutron stars is wrong. The proof used to support this claim is that the supernova event of 1987 has no evidence of a neutron star even after sensitive instruments searched for it. 

Answer B bridges a gap in this evidence by proving that these sensitive instruments have detected neutron stars much further away, demonstrating it wasn’t simply an error in the technology or range limitations that failed to detect a neutron star. 

Question Four

Political scientist: As a political system, democracy does not promote political freedom. There are historical examples of democracies that ultimately resulted in some of the most oppressive societies. Likewise, there have been enlightened despotisms and oligarchies that have provided a remarkable level of political freedom to their subjects.

The reasoning in the political scientist’s argument is flawed because it

• confuses the conditions necessary for political freedom with the conditions sufficient to bring it about    
• fails to consider that a substantial increase in the level of political freedom might cause a society to become more democratic
• appeals to historical examples that are irrelevant to the causal claim being made
• overlooks the possibility that democracy promotes political freedom without being necessary or sufficient by itself to produce it
• bases its historical case on a personal point of view

D is the correct response. The argument fails to recognize that even if democracy is not sufficient for political freedom, it can still promote political freedom by contributing to it in most instances. 

Likewise, even if democracy is not necessary for political freedom, it can still be true that democracy is something that promotes political freedom wherever it is found.

Question Five

About two million years ago, lava dammed up a river in western Asia and caused a small lake to form. The lake existed for about half a million years. Bones of an early human ancestor were recently found in the ancient lake-bottom sediments that lie on top of the layer of lava. Therefore, ancestors of modern humans lived in western Asia between two million and one-and-a-half million years ago.

Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?

• There were no other lakes in the immediate area before the lava dammed up the river.
• The lake contained fish that the human ancestors could have used for food.
• The lava that lay under the lake-bottom sediments did not contain any human fossil remains.
• The lake was deep enough that a person could drown in it.
• The bones were already in the sediments by the time the lake dried up.

E is the assumption required by the argument, and it is the only one that is directly relevant to the argument at hand. If the bones weren't initially in the sediment as the lake dried up, it implies they must have entered the sediment at a later time, specifically less than one-and-a-half million years ago. 

However, this would mean that the bones wouldn't serve as evidence for the presence of human ancestors in western Asia between two million and one-and-a-half million years ago. In other words, if E is false, the argument's conclusion wouldn't be valid!

Journalist: To reconcile the need for profits sufficient to support new drug research with the moral imperative to provide medicines to those who most need them but cannot afford them, some pharmaceutical companies feel justified in selling a drug in rich nations at one price and in poor nations at a much lower price. But this practice is unjustified. A nation with a low average income may still have a substantial middle class better able to pay for new drugs than are many of the poorer citizens of an overall wealthier nation.

Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the journalist’s reasoning?

• People who are ill deserve more consideration than do healthy people, regardless of their relative socioeconomic positions.
• Wealthy institutions have an obligation to expend at least some of their resources to assist those incapable of assisting themselves.
• Whether one deserves special consideration depends on one’s needs rather than on characteristics of the society to which one belongs.
• The people in wealthy nations should not have better access to health care than do the people in poorer nations.
• Unequal access to health care is more unfair than an unequal distribution of wealth.

The correct answer here is C. The pharmaceutical companies are considering societal characteristics, not personal needs. In doing this, they are overlooking the poorer citizens of wealthier nations and providing unneeded aid to middle-class citizens of poorer nations, as well as failing to generate income for drug research. 

Several critics have claimed that any contemporary poet who writes formal poetry—poetry that is rhymed and metered—is performing a politically conservative act. This is plainly false. Consider Molly Peacock and Marilyn Hacker, two contemporary poets whose poetry is almost exclusively formal and yet who are themselves politically progressive feminists.

The conclusion drawn above follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?

• No one who is a feminist is also politically conservative.
• No poet who writes unrhymed or unmetered poetry is politically conservative.
• No one who is politically progressive is capable of performing a politically conservative act.
• Anyone who sometimes writes poetry that is not politically conservative never writes poetry that is politically conservative.
• The content of a poet’s work, not the work’s form, is the most decisive factor in determining what political consequences, if any, the work will have.

The only answer that works here is C. The core of the argument is about political conservativeness versus political progressiveness. If Peacock and Hacker are both politically progressive and yet write formal poetry, then writing formal poetry cannot be a politically conservative act. 

Executive: We recently ran a set of advertisements in the print version of a travel magazine and on that magazine’s website. We were unable to get any direct information about consumer response to the print ads. However, we found that consumer response to the ads on the website was much more limited than is typical for website ads. We concluded that consumer response to the print ads was probably below par as well.

The executive’s reasoning does which one of the following?

• bases a prediction of the intensity of a phenomenon on information about the intensity of that phenomenon’s cause
• uses information about the typical frequency of events of a general kind to draw a conclusion about the probability of a particular event of that kind
• infers a statistical generalization from claims about a large number of specific instances
• uses a case in which direct evidence is available to draw a conclusion about an analogous case in which direct evidence is unavailable
• bases a prediction about future events on facts about recent comparable events

Answer and Explanation 

The answer D correctly identifies the executive’s reasoning. The executive made an analogy using evidence that was available to them about the website ads to infer a conclusion about the print ads, although that specific evidence was unavailable to them. 

Question 9 

In jurisdictions where use of headlights is optional when visibility is good, drivers who use headlights at all times are less likely to be involved in a collision than are drivers who use headlights only when visibility is poor. Yet Highway Safety Department records show that making use of headlights mandatory at all times does nothing to reduce the overall number of collisions.

Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy in the information above?

• In jurisdictions where use of headlights is optional when visibility is good, one driver in four uses headlights for daytime driving in good weather.
• A law making use of headlights mandatory at all times is not especially difficult to enforce.
• Only very careful drivers use headlights when their use is not legally required.
• There are some jurisdictions in which it is illegal to use headlights when visibility is good.
• The jurisdictions where use of headlights is mandatory at all times are those where daytime visibility is frequently poor.

Response C is correct, as it fills the gap between the headlight laws and the number of collisions. Careful drivers are more likely to use headlights even when they’re not mandatory, showing why they are less likely to be involved in a crash than drivers who only use headlights when necessary. 

Question 10

The Venetian Renaissance painter Vittore Carpaccio used sumptuous reds in most of his paintings. Since the recently discovered Venetian Renaissance painting Erato Declaiming contains notable sumptuous reds, it is probably by Carpaccio.

Which one of the following contains a pattern of flawed reasoning most similar to that in the argument above?

• Most Renaissance painters worked in a single medium, either tempera or oil. Since the Renaissance painting Calypso's Bower is in oil, its painter probably always used oil.
• In Italian Renaissance painting, the single most common subject was the Virgin and Child, so the single most common subject in Western art probably is also the Virgin and Child.
• Works of art in the Renaissance were mostly commissioned by patrons, so the Renaissance work The Dances of Terpsichore was probably commissioned by a patron.
• The anonymous painting St. Sebastian is probably an early Florentine painting since it is in tempera, and most early Florentine paintings were in tempera.
• Since late-Renaissance paintings were mostly in oil, the Venetian late-Renaissance painter Arnoldi, whose works are now lost, probably painted in oil.

The response with the most similar flaw to the question is D. Just because most Florentine paintings were in tempura, it does not mean that one particular tempura painting must be Florentine. 

This argument uses the same flaw as the question. Just because most Carpaccio paintings used sumptuous reds, it does not mean that one particular painting with sumptuous reds must be by Carpaccio. 

Tips in Preparing and Answering the LSAT Logical Reasoning Section

You’ll need to prepare well in order to ace Logical Reasoning! Here are our top tips on how to enhance your logical reasoning skills on the LSAT and be prepared for test day !

Tip #1: Familiarize Yourself With Question Types

The best way to prepare for the LR section is to first become familiar with the common question types. Some of these questions, like Strengthen and Helping Hand questions, look similar but are not. By knowing each question type, you’ll have a better idea of what to look for in the answer choices.

Tip #2: Take a Diagnostic Test

You should also begin with a diagnostic test to assess your baseline abilities before creating a comprehensive study schedule. This schedule should involve as many LR practice questions as possible under timed conditions. These will help you develop good problem-solving strategies to answer the questions easier!

Tip #3: Take Your Time When Preparing

It’s a really good idea to take practice tests under the same time limits that you’ll face on the exam. But if you’re just starting to study, you should try to answer questions without any time limits. This way, you can avoid rushing and making simple errors. 

Taking your time will help you effectively practice identifying the parts of the argument.  Then, when you’re ready, you can move on to timed tests when your skills are more solidified. 

Tip #4: Build a Test Prep Schedule 

Having a solid study schedule will ensure you have enough time to prepare well. You won’t have to cram the week before the test; instead, you’ll be able to sharpen up your skills, identify your weak areas, and focus on areas for improvement well in advance. 

Tip #5: Study With Peers

Sitting down to tackle some LSAT LR questions with classmates can make a big difference since your peers have skills and perspectives that you don’t, and vice versa. Studying with others can open your eyes to new ways of thinking. You might learn strategies from them that you wouldn’t have discovered on your own!

Tip #6: Read the Question First

Read the question first instead of the passage to avoid having to re-read the passage to find what you’re looking for.

Tip #7: Don’t Make Unsupported Assumptions

Any inferences you make must be made directly from the passage. If the right answer goes against everything you know but logically follows the information in the passage, it is correct regardless of your own opinions or knowledge. 

Tip #8: Skip Questions

Don’t fixate on hard questions for too long. If you find yourself getting stuck on a question, move on to the next and come back to it if you have time. Answer as many questions as you can and then guess on any you don’t have time to finish. You should never leave a question blank because you still have a chance of guessing correctly.

Tip #9: Read Carefully

Misreading just one or two words can cost you several points on the LSAT. Ensure you are an active and engaged reader throughout your exam. For the LR section, in particular, keep track of the type of language being used. 

For instance, words like “never” and “always” are very strong words, which will likely be repeated in the correct answer choice and weakened to “sometimes” or “most of the time” in the incorrect choices. 

Additionally, you always want to look out for words like EXCEPT, which will always be bolded.

Tip #10: Don’t Focus on the Vocab

The questions in the LR section often use complicated terms and topics because it easily psychs students out. Do your best to focus on the arguments, not the vocab. If there are words you don’t understand, just replace them with words you do! The exact words themselves aren’t important, just the argument itself and its structure.

For any remaining questions about the logical reasoning questions on the LSAT read on to find your answers.

1. How Do I Ace Logical Reasoning on the LSAT?

You should familiarize yourself with the common question types you’ll see so you know how to best answer them and practice these questions under timed conditions using real past LSAT tests. Remember, you won’t have any aids or notes on test day ! You’ll only have your knowledge and practice to rely on. 

2. What Percentage of the LSAT is Logical Reasoning?

The logical reasoning section takes up 25% or 50% of the LSAT, depending on whether you get an LR section for the experimental part of the LSAT. Considering this, it’s essential you do well on this section to avoid having to retake this costly exam ! 

3. How Many Logical Reasoning Questions on LSAT?

There will be at least 24-26 logical reasoning questions on the LSAT. If you get logical reasoning questions for the experimental section of the LSAT, you’ll have to do another set of 24-26 questions.

4. What Is the Hardest Section of the LSAT?

The analytical reasoning section of the LSAT is generally considered to be the hardest.

5. Is Logical Reasoning On the LSAT?

Yes, you will see at least one logical reasoning section on the LSAT.

Acing the LSAT

LSAT study prep can be daunting and difficult! But, with this guide, and the additional support of experts who know how to increase your LSAT score by 12 points, you should be able to ace the LSAT logical reasoning section and get one step closer to achieving all of your career aspirations! 

LSAT study prep can be daunting and difficult! But, with this guide, and the additional support of experts who know how to increase your LSAT score by 12 points, you should be able to ace the LSAT logical reasoning section and get one step closer to achieving all of your career aspirations!

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LSAT Logical Reasoning Practice Questions: Argument Flaws

Let’s take a close look at three actual LSAT logical reasoning questions from LSAC PrepTest 19. Try each question on your own, and then check out the explanations from Kaplan’s test experts and see if your thought process matched ours. The questions are copyrighted property of the LSAC.

LSAT Practice Question 1

Three-year-old Sara and her playmate Micheal are both ill and have the same symptoms.  Since they play together every afternoon, Sara probably has the same illness as Micheal does.  Since Micheal definitely does not have a streptococcal infection, despite his having some symptoms of one, the illness that Sara has is definitely not streptococcal infection either.

The reasoning in the argument is flawed because the argument

(A) presupposes what it sets out to prove (B) mistakes the cause of a particular phenomenon for the effect of that phenomenon (C) fails to distinguish between acute streptococcal infections on the one hand, and less severe streptococcal infections on the other (D) treats evidence that the conclusion is probably true as if that evidence establishes the certainty of the conclusion (E) makes a general claim based on particular examples that do not adequately represent the respective groups that they are each inteded to represent

Answer and Explanation

The correct answer is D.

By checking the stem first, you know to look out for a logical flaw from the get-go, and perhaps you spotted it in the shift from “probably” in the evidence to “definitely” in the conclusion. Sara probably has the same illness as Michael, and he definitely doesn’t have a strep infection.  Therefore, the author concludes, Sara definitely doesn’t have one either. Uh-uh. The most we can conclude from this evidence is that Sara probably doesn’t have a strep infection. As (D) points out, evidence supporting a probable conclusion is erroneously being used to support a definite one.

(A) is another way of accusing the author of employing “circular reasoning.” But the evidence and conclusion here are two different things; the argument doesn’t assume, or presuppose, what it sets out to prove. The mistake here lies in the faulty connection between the evidence and conclusion, not in the fact that the evidence and conclusion are identical.

(B) The only cause-and-effect relationship that can be inferred from this scenario is that playing together (the cause) is what leads to the likelihood that Sara has the same illness as Michael (the effect). Mistaking this cause for this effect would lead the author to the ridiculous conclusion that “possibly having the same illness as Michael causes Michael and Sara to play together every afternoon,” which of course the author doesn’t do.

(C) Acute vs. less severe strep infections? This is an irrelevant distinction if there ever was one. Sure the author fails to make this distinction, but why on earth would she be logically obligated to do so?

(E) Huh? If you spent the time to interpret this choice in full, you’d see that it’s referring to a non-representative sample, which is a logical flaw but not the one exhibited here. But (E) can be tossed based on its first four words, simply because there’s no general claim here; everything is specifically related to Sara and Michael.

LSAT Practice Question 2

The number of calories in a gram of refined cane sugar is the same as in an equal amount of fructose, the natural sugar found in fruits and vegtables.  Therefore, a piece of candy made with a given amount of refined cane sugar is no higher in calories than a piece of fruit that contains an equal amount of fructose.

(A) fails to consider the possibility that fruit might contain noncaloric nutrients that candy does not contain (B) presupposes that all candy is made with similar amounts of sugar (C) confuses one kind of sugar with another (D) presupposes what it sets out to establish, that fruit does not differ from sugar-based candy in the number of calories each contains (E) overlooks the possibility that sugar might not be the only calorie-containing ingredient in candy or fruit

The correct answer is E.

This one sounds like something a candy manufacturer might try to put over on us. We know there’s a flaw in here somewhere, and maybe your common sense knowledge of food and fruit helped you to spot it. The argument proceeds like so: Since the same amounts of refined cane sugar and fructose contain the same number of calories, candy made with refined cane sugar must contain no more calories than a piece of fruit containing the same amount of fructose.

But wait a minute…candy and fruit may have other calories above and beyond the amount contained in the sugar, right? If so, those extra calories could easily skew the author’s conclusion. To arrive at this conclusion, the author has to assume that there are no other sources of calories in candy and fruit—an assumption that ignores the possibility that other ingredients in these foods may have calories aplenty, as (E) describes.

(A) Noncaloric…hmm…NONcaloric?… Outside the scope. Get rid of it.

(B) The argument compares the amount of calories in candy with that in fruit, not the amount of sugar in different types of candy. Whether all candy contains a similar amount of sugar is irrelevant; the author neither considers nor presupposes it.

(C) There is no such confusion between sugars. Two types of sugar are presented in the argument, and nowhere does the author confuse one with the other.

(D) has two problems. First, the author doesn’t set out to establish that fruit and sugar-based candy have the same number of calories, as (D) suggests; he simply wants to show that such foods, containing the same amounts of sugar and fructose, have the same number of calories. That’s a big difference. But even if we indulge this subtle shift in the recounting of the author’s intention, we’d still have to kill (D) on the grounds that the author doesn’t presuppose this contention. Distinct evidence is presented, even though that evidence doesn’t fully lead to the conclusion. Just as in question 1 (A) (see above), the argument is flawed, but circular reasoning—an author presupposing what he or she sets out to prove or establish—isn’t it.

LSAT Practice Question 3

In order to increase production, ABC Company should implement a flextime schedule, which would allow individual employees some flexibility in deciding when to begin and end their workday. Studies have shown that working under flextime schedules is associated with increased employee morale.

The argument depends on the assumption that

(A) the employees who prefer a flextime schedule are most productive employees at ABC Company (B) an increase in the morale of ABC Company’s employees could lead to increased production (C) flextime schedules tend to be associated with reduced lateness and absenteeism (D) employees are most productive during the part of the day when all employees are present (E) companies that are in competition with ABC Company also use a flextime schedule

The correct answer is B.

The author argues that the implementation of a flextime schedule will increase production, because flextime increases morale. Period, end of story. Kind of leaves us hanging, doesn’t it? The author leaves us to our own devices to fill in the most important part of the argument, namely, a connection between increased morale and increased production. This connection, stated in (B), must be assumed by the author if the conclusion in the first sentence is to remain valid.

(A) The notion of preference effectively kills (A): What the employees prefer has nothing to do with the argument in question. The bottom line is the results of flextime, no matter what the employees think about it. Even if the employees who prefer flextime are the least productive employees, flextime still might lead to increased production as the author intones.

(C) introduces other factors that might account for the connection between flextime and increased production, but we have no reason to believe that the author is relying on those factors to complete his argument. As structured, the argument sees a connection between increased morale (evidence) and increased production (the conclusion); the connection made in (C), while offering another benefit of flextime, does nothing toward this end.

(D) When employees are most productive is irrelevant to this argument; presumably, under flextime, each employee can choose his or her most productive time. Besides, (D) tends to violate the spirit of the argument: Under flextime there probably won’t even be a part of a day during which “all employees are present.”

(E) wanders far beyond the scope of the argument. Even if none of ABC’s competitors employs flextime, the argument wouldn’t be affected one bit. The crux of the matter is strictly how flextime would increase production at ABC, so (E) cannot be an assumption relied on by the author.

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LSAT Logical Reasoning Practice Test

Prepare for your test with realistic questions.

Nearly all American Bar Association-approved law schools require their applicants to take the LSAT. To help you prepare for the Logical Reasoning section of the LSAT, this page contains everything you need to know, including what topics are covered, how many questions there are, and how you can study effectively.

Click “Start Test” above to take a free LSAT Logical Reasoning practice test!

What’s on the LSAT Logical Reasoning Section?

This section of the test provides short passages that you must read and then answer one or two questions about. These passages, or arguments, are taken from sources including:

• Scholarly publications
• Informal discourse
• Advertisements

These mirror legal reasoning both in their complexity and types of arguments. The questions will test your ability to evaluate, analyze and complete these arguments. These skills are essential to law and legal analysis as a law student.

You will need to identify parts of arguments, deciding what is most important and how any evidence presented in the future may affect it. You will need to be able to use arguments as a persuasion tool and to resolve contrasting positions.

You will not be expected to have prior knowledge of certain terminology or the topics in the presented passages. Your job will be to understand and evaluate the reasoning found in them.

How many questions are on the LSAT Logical Reasoning test?

There are between 24 and 26 multiple-choice questions on this test.

How long is the LSAT Logical Reasoning test?

The time limit for this test is 35 minutes.

What is the passing score for the LSAT Logical Reasoning test?

There is no set passing score for this test.

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Peter Rench joined Mometrix in 2009 and serves as Vice President of Product Development, responsible for overseeing all new product development and quality improvements. Mr. Rench, a National Merit Scholar, graduated magna cum laude with a Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering and a minor in mathematics from Texas A&M University.

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Logical Reasoning Practice Questions on the LSAT

Are you gearing up for the Law School Admission Test (LSAT)? Regardless of your dream law school, the LSAT can be your ally in achieving that goal. Being the sole admission test accepted by all ABA-approved law schools, it plays a crucial role in identifying promising candidates who might otherwise be overlooked due to their undergraduate GPA or other factors.

But what is it made of?

Well, half of your total LSAT score is comprised of logical reasoning sections.

Yes, you heard it right.

According to Kaplan , logical reasoning questions make up half of your total score! For this reason, mastering this section is crucial for acing the exam.

Let’s delve into the details of the logical reasoning sections, the various question types you’ll encounter, practice questions for logical reasoning, and effective strategies to tackle them.

Importance of Logical Reasoning in LSAT

Logical reasoning is a critical aspect of the LSAT, making up two of the four scored sections on the test. These sections test your ability to analyze and evaluate arguments, a crucial skill for future law students and legal professionals.

Understanding Logical Reasoning Questions

In order to master logical reasoning questions on the LSAT, it is important to understand their structure and the types of questions you will face.

Logical Reasoning Question Structure

Each logical reasoning section on the LSAT contains about 25 questions, and you have approximately 35 minutes to complete each section. Each question stems from a brief passage, often an argument or a set of facts, and then asks the test-taker to perform a task related to the passage.

Types of Logical Reasoning Questions

There are several types of logical reasoning questions you may encounter on the LSAT, including argument evaluation, reasoning critique, and inference drawing.

Logical Reasoning Questions LSAT

This section will delve into the different types of logical reasoning questions that can appear in the LSAT, providing examples and techniques to tackle each of them.

Argument Evaluation

These questions require you to evaluate the quality of a given argument. You may be asked to identify the conclusion, determine how well it is supported by the premises, or find any potential weaknesses in the argument.

Specific Question Types:

Assumption Questions: These ask you to identify the unstated premise that the argument relies on to be valid. Finding the missing link is essential since it supports the conclusion.

Strengthen Questions: In these questions, you are required to select an answer choice that fortifies or adds support to the argument’s conclusion, making it more convincing.

Weaken Questions: The goal in weaken questions is to pick an answer choice that undermines or weakens the argument’s conclusion, casting doubt on its validity.

Flaw Questions: These questions prompt you to pinpoint the logical flaw or error within the argument, exposing the reasoning’s weaknesses or faulty assumptions

Logic Games

Also known as “analytical reasoning” questions, these involve a group of statements and rules that together create a scenario. Your job is to make inferences and deductions based on this given information.

Ordering Games: With this LSAT question type, you are required to arrange elements (e.g., people, items, tasks) in a specific order or sequence based on given rules or constraints, determining their positions relative to each other.

Drawing Inferences

These questions require you to draw logical conclusions from the given information. They test your ability to understand and apply principles, recognize logically equivalent statements, and determine what must or might be true given certain facts.

LSAT inference questions break into two types:

• Must-be-true
• Strongly-supported-by

Must-be-true Logical Reasoning

Must-be-true Logical Reasoning (LR) inference questions on the LSAT explicitly ask for conclusions that are unquestionably supported by the given information. For instance, consider the following scenario:

Premise 1: Jennifer always takes the train to work when her car is in the shop. Premise 2: Jennifer’s car is currently in the shop for repairs. Premise 3: The train service is operating normally today.

In this situation, what must be true (although not explicitly stated) is that Jennifer will take the train to work today.

It is essential to recognize that must-be-true LR questions demand conclusions that are undoubtedly supported by the information provided. In the example above, the certainty arises from Jennifer’s consistent behavior when her car is unavailable, combined with the operational status of the train service. Although other possibilities might exist, the given premises make it a definite inference that Jennifer will take the train to work today.

Strongly-supported-by Logical Reasoning

Strongly-supported LR Inference questions on the LSAT function slightly differently, utilizing question stems that include phrases like “follows logically” or “strongly supported by.” For instance, consider the following scenario:

Premise 1: Amy always chooses action-packed movies because they remind her of her adventurous experiences during a summer trip. Premise 2: Amy has never seen a sci-fi movie, but she knows that they often feature thrilling space adventures.

The strongly supported inference here is that Amy may enjoy sci-fi movies due to their potential to provide action-packed and thrilling space adventures similar to what she likes. However, it’s crucial to note that this is not a “must-be-true” scenario. It is plausible that Amy might have a particular aversion to sci-fi movies for personal reasons unrelated to their genre characteristics.

In strongly-supported inference questions, the correct answer choice will be the deduction or inference that is most compellingly supported by the stimulus statements. In the example above, the inference that Amy might enjoy sci-fi movies aligns with her preference for action-packed adventures, despite her lack of experience with the genre.

Strategies for Tackling Logical Reasoning Questions

Mastering logical reasoning questions on the LSAT requires a strategic approach. Here are some effective strategies to consider.

Identifying the Argument Structure

Understanding the structure of the argument in the question can help you better evaluate its logic. Look for the conclusion and the premises supporting it.

Anticipating the Correct Answer

Before looking at the answer choices, try to anticipate what the correct answer might be. This approach can help you avoid being tricked by incorrect choices that might seem plausible at first glance.

Elimination of Wrong Choices

Sometimes, it’s easier to eliminate incorrect answers than to find the correct one. If you can eliminate even one or two options, you’ll significantly increase your chances of choosing the correct answer.

Practice Makes Perfect: LSAT Logical Reasoning Sample Questions

The best way to get comfortable with logical reasoning questions and refine your strategies is through practice. Let’s look at some practice questions.

Practice Question Set 1: Argument Evaluation Sample Questions

• a) Another company has developed software with similar speed but more features.
• b) The company’s software was rated highly in consumer reports last year.
• c) The company’s previous software updates have been well received.
• d) The speed of software isn’t the most critical factor for all consumers.

Correct answer: a

• a) All skin diseases are influenced by hydration levels.
• b) Those who drink fewer than 8 glasses of water will develop skin diseases.
• c) People who drink 8 glasses of water lead a healthier lifestyle.
• d) Drinking more than 8 glasses of water can further reduce the likelihood of skin diseases.
• a) Hypothetical reasoning
• b) Deductive reasoning
• c) Inductive reasoning
• d) Abductive reasoning

Correct answer: b

• a) The time it takes for the impact of an increased police force to reflect in the crime rate.
• b) Other potential factors that might have led to the increased crime rate.
• c) The possibility that crime would have increased even more without an increased police force.
• d) All of the above.

Correct answer: d

• a) A syllogism
• b) A paradox
• c) A fallacy
• d) A hypothesis
• a) Circular reasoning
• b) Denying the antecedent
• c) Ad hominem
• d) Red herring
• a) Reductio ad absurdum
• b) Straw man argument
• c) Post hoc ergo propter hoc
• d) Valid syllogism
• a) A poll shows that the public supports the policy.
• b) The policy has never been tried in this country before.
• c) Economic experts argue that the policy is sound in theory.
• d) The countries where the policy worked had different economic conditions.
• a) Fossil fuels are a significant source of greenhouse gases.
• b) Some people don’t believe in climate change.
• c) Fossil fuels are expected to run out in the next century.
• d) Renewable energy technology is improving.
• a) False dichotomy
• b) Affirming the consequent
• c) Slippery slope
• d) Ad hominem

Practice Question Set 2: Logic Games

• a) Albert sits on the far left.
• b) Ben sits on the far right.
• c) Carla sits next to David.
• d) David sits next to Eva.
• a) Comedy and Sci-fi
• b) Action and Comedy
• c) Drama and Sci-fi
• d) Action and Drama
• a) John 2nd, Laura 3rd
• b) John 3rd, Laura 2nd
• c) John consolation, Laura 3rd
• d) Both b and c
• a) Tom stands on the far left.
• b) Bob stands on the far right.
• c) Alice stands next to Jerry.
• d) Bob stands next to Jerry.
• a) Romance and Biography
• b) Mystery and Romance
• c) Fantasy and Biography
• d) Mystery and Fantasy
• a) David 2nd, Sam 3rd
• b) David 3rd, Sam 2nd
• c) David consolation, Sam 3rd
• a) Robin sits on the far left.
• b) Ted sits on the far right.
• c) Barney sits next to Lilly.
• d) Ted sits next to Lilly.

Correct answer: c

Practice Question Set 3: Drawing Inferences

• a) Cindy is the youngest.
• b) Bea is the oldest.
• c) Anne is younger than Cindy.
• d) Cindy is older than Anne.
• a) Marissa is a member of the gardening club.
• b) Marissa is not a member of the gardening club.
• c) Some members of the gardening club do not have green thumbs.
• d) None of the above.
• a) Some of the pets in the house are black.
• b) There are no black pets in the house.
• c) There are black cats in the house.
• d) There are pets other than cats in the house.
• a) All cars in the parking lot are red convertibles.
• b) Some cars in the parking lot are red convertibles.
• c) No cars in the parking lot are red convertibles.
• a) John does not go to the gym today.
• b) John goes to the gym today.
• c) John never goes to the gym.
• d) John always has time.
• a) Jenny is a pianist.
• b) Jenny is not a pianist.
• c) All people with nimble fingers are pianists.
• a) Some professional athletes are wealthy.
• b) No professional athletes are wealthy.
• c) Some wealthy people are not professional athletes.
• a) All birds in the park have feathers.
• b) Some birds in the park do not have feathers.
• c) All birds with feathers are in the park.
• d) Some ducks in the park do not have feathers.
• a) George is a computer scientist.
• b) George is not a computer scientist.
• c) Some computer scientists do not love mathematics.
• d) All people who love mathematics are computer scientists.
• a) Some apples in the basket are emeralds.
• b) No apples in the basket are emeralds.
• c) All emeralds in the basket are apples.

Answering Logical Reasoning Questions: Expert Tips

Here are some expert tips for mastering logical reasoning questions on the LSAT.

Reviewing and Understanding Mistakes

Review each practice question you get wrong and understand why you got it wrong. This is a powerful way to improve your logical reasoning skills and avoid making the same mistakes in the future.

Importance of Time Management

The LSAT is a timed test, and managing your time effectively is crucial. Practice under timed conditions to get a feel for the pacing of the test.

Staying Calm and Focused

It’s normal to feel nervous, but maintaining a calm, focused mindset can significantly improve your performance on the LSAT.

The logical reasoning sections of the LSAT are undeniably significant, making up half of your total score. A high level of proficiency in this area can significantly boost your overall LSAT score and, in turn, your prospects of gaining admission into your chosen law school.

As Manhattan Prep noted, improving just three questions in the logical reasoning sections could raise your LSAT score by two points. This reinforces the importance of rigorous practice, in-depth understanding, and strategic preparation.

Start your preparation today and step confidently towards achieving your law school aspirations.

Frequently Asked Questions

The Law School Admission Test (LSAT) is a standardized test used as part of the law school admissions process. It measures skills such as reading comprehension, logical, and verbal reasoning, which are crucial for success in law school.

Logical reasoning questions stem from a brief passage, usually an argument or set of facts. Each logical reasoning section contains about 25 questions, with about 35 minutes to complete each section.

The LSAT features several types of logical reasoning questions, including argument evaluation, reasoning critique, and inference drawing.

Effective strategies include identifying the argument structure, anticipating the correct answer, and eliminating incorrect choices.

To prepare for the LSAT’s logical reasoning sections, learn and apply test-taking strategies, engage in abundant practice, and review your mistakes. Additionally, consider utilizing resources from the top LSAT prep courses to optimize your preparation. Timed practice can further enhance your performance by improving speed and accuracy.

The best LSAT tutors enhance LSAT preparation by providing personalized strategies, explaining complex concepts, and giving immediate feedback, ultimately guiding you toward your target LSAT score.

Bryce Welker is an unstoppable force in the worlds of business and education. He’s a dynamic speaker, expert blogger, and a regular contributor to top-tier publications like Forbes, Inc.com, Business.com, and AccountingToday.com . With a proven track record of founding over 20 innovative test prep websites, Bryce has helped countless students and professionals pass their certification exams and achieve their dreams. Whether you’re seeking career advancement or educational success, Bryce Welker is the ultimate guide to help you get there.

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How to Improve Your Logical Reasoning Score on the LSAT?

Looking to improve your logical reasoning score on the LSAT? This article provides practical tips and strategies to help you master the logical reasoning section of the exam.

Posted May 12, 2023

Table of Contents

The Law School Admission Test (LSAT) is a standardized test that's widely accepted by law schools in the United States, Canada, and some other countries. It's designed to measure your critical thinking and analytical reasoning skills, which are essential for success in law school. One of the most challenging sections of the LSAT is Logical Reasoning, which tests your ability to analyze and evaluate arguments. In this article, we'll explore various tips, techniques, and resources that can help you improve your Logical Reasoning score on the LSAT.

The Importance of Logical Reasoning Skills for LSAT Success

Logical reasoning is a fundamental part of legal reasoning and is a skill you'll need to develop to excel in law school. The Logical Reasoning section of the LSAT assesses your ability to analyze and evaluate arguments, make inferences, and draw logical conclusions. This section measures your critical thinking skills, which are essential for success in law school and beyond. You'll often use these skills to identify assumptions, evaluate evidence, and construct sound arguments that can withstand scrutiny. Therefore, it's crucial to understand the structure of LSAT Logical Reasoning questions and develop strategies to answer them correctly.

Developing logical reasoning skills can also benefit you in other areas of your life, such as decision-making and problem-solving. These skills can help you analyze complex situations, identify potential solutions, and make informed choices. Additionally, logical reasoning skills are highly valued in many professions, including business, science, and engineering.

There are several ways to improve your logical reasoning skills, including practicing with LSAT prep materials, taking courses in logic or critical thinking, and engaging in activities that require analytical thinking, such as puzzles or debates. By honing your logical reasoning skills, you'll not only increase your chances of success on the LSAT but also develop a valuable skill set that can benefit you in various aspects of your life and career.

Understanding the Structure of LSAT Logical Reasoning Questions

LSAT Logical Reasoning questions typically consist of a text passage, followed by a question stem that asks you to identify or infer something from the passage. You'll need to carefully read and analyze the passage, identify the argument's conclusion, and evaluate the evidence used to support it. There are various types of Logical Reasoning questions, such as Strengthen, Weaken, Assumption, Inference, and Flaw, among others. Each type requires a distinct approach to answer correctly. You'll need to learn how to recognize the different question types, identify the argument's structure, and apply relevant principles of logic to answer the question correctly.

One important aspect of LSAT Logical Reasoning questions is the use of conditional statements. These statements often appear in the text passage and can be identified by keywords such as "if," "then," "only if," and "unless." Understanding how to properly diagram these statements can help you better understand the argument's structure and make it easier to answer the question correctly.

Another key skill for answering LSAT Logical Reasoning questions is the ability to identify and analyze assumptions. Assumptions are unstated premises that the argument relies on to be valid. By identifying these assumptions, you can better evaluate the argument's strength and identify potential weaknesses. This skill is particularly important for Assumption and Flaw questions, which specifically ask you to identify assumptions or flaws in the argument's reasoning.

Tips and Strategies for Analyzing LSAT Logical Reasoning Questions

To succeed in the Logical Reasoning section of the LSAT, you'll need to develop a systematic approach to analyze and evaluate arguments. Here are some useful tips and strategies:

• Read the passage carefully and identify its argument and conclusion
• Identify and evaluate the evidence used to support the argument
• Look for any assumptions or fallacies in the argument
• Identify the question type and apply relevant principles of logic to answer it
• Eliminate clearly incorrect answer choices and choose the best one among the remaining options

It's important to note that time management is also a crucial aspect of succeeding in the Logical Reasoning section. You'll have approximately 35 minutes to answer 25 questions, so it's important to pace yourself and not spend too much time on any one question. If you're struggling with a particular question, it may be best to move on and come back to it later. Additionally, practicing with timed LSAT Logical Reasoning sections can help you develop a sense of how much time you should be spending on each question.

Common Traps to Avoid When Answering LSAT Logical Reasoning Questions

LSAT Logical Reasoning questions can be tricky, and there are many common traps that you'll need to avoid to answer them correctly. Here are some examples:

• Extreme answer choices: Avoid answer choices that are too extreme or absolute. Statements that use words like "always," "never," or "completely" are likely to be incorrect.
• Distractions: Avoid answer choices that are irrelevant to the question stem or the argument in the passage. Look for the best answer that directly addresses the question.
• Reversals: Be careful with answer choices that reverse the argument's meaning or contradict it.
• Out of scope: Avoid answer choices that are technically correct but are not relevant to the question or the argument in the passage.

Another common trap to avoid is the "half-right, half-wrong" answer choice. These answer choices may contain some correct information, but they also include incorrect information that makes the answer choice as a whole incorrect.

It's also important to avoid making assumptions or bringing in outside knowledge when answering LSAT Logical Reasoning questions. Stick to the information provided in the passage and the question stem, and don't make any assumptions about what the author may or may not believe.

Enhancing Your Critical Thinking Skills to Boost Your LSAT Logical Reasoning Score

Improving your LSAT Logical Reasoning score requires you to enhance your critical thinking skills. The following activities can help:

• Reading carefully and critically: Practice reading articles, essays, and arguments carefully and critically. Look for evidence, assumptions, fallacies, and logical conclusions.
• Writing and analyzing arguments: Practice constructing and analyzing arguments. Learn how to identify premises, evaluate reasoning, and draw conclusions.
• Playing logic games: Play logic games that require you to apply principles of logic to solve problems. This can help you develop your analytical and inferential skills.

Another way to enhance your critical thinking skills is to engage in debates and discussions with others. This can help you learn how to articulate your own arguments and respond to counterarguments effectively. It can also expose you to different perspectives and challenge your own assumptions.

Additionally, practicing mindfulness and meditation can help improve your focus and concentration, which are essential for critical thinking. By learning to quiet your mind and stay present in the moment, you can better analyze information and make logical connections.

The Role of Practice in Improving Your LSAT Logical Reasoning Score

Practice is critical to improving your LSAT score, and Logical Reasoning is no exception. You'll need to practice answering various types of Logical Reasoning questions to improve your accuracy and speed. Here are some tips for practicing:

• Start with easier questions: Begin by answering easier questions and gradually move on to more challenging ones.
• Track your progress: Keep track of your progress by recording your scores and reviewing your mistakes.
• Use official LSAT questions: Practice with official LSAT questions rather than other sources. This will help you get familiar with the test's format and level of difficulty.

It's important to note that practicing alone may not be enough to improve your LSAT Logical Reasoning score. It's also crucial to review and analyze your mistakes. Take the time to understand why you got a question wrong and what you could have done differently. This will help you identify patterns in your mistakes and avoid making the same errors in the future. Additionally, consider seeking out a tutor or joining a study group to get feedback and additional support in your LSAT preparation.

Resources for Practicing LSAT Logical Reasoning Questions

There are several resources available for practicing LSAT Logical Reasoning questions. Here are some examples:

• LSAT Prep books: Many LSAT preparation books contain practice questions and explanations of how to answer them. Some examples include The LSAT Trainer by Mike Kim and The PowerScore LSAT Bible series.
• Official LSAT PrepTests: The Law School Admission Council (LSAC), which administers the LSAT, offers many official LSAT PrepTests that you can purchase and practice with.
• Online LSAT Prep courses: Several online LSAT prep courses offer practice questions, video lessons, and personalized feedback to help you improve your LSAT score. Some of the popular ones are 7Sage, Blueprint LSAT, and Manhattan Prep.

Time Management Techniques for LSAT Logical Reasoning Section

Time management is critical to succeeding in the LSAT Logical Reasoning section. You'll have 35 minutes to answer 25-26 questions, which means you'll have less than 1.5 minutes per question. Here are some time management techniques:

• Answer easier questions first: Begin by answering the easier questions first and save the more challenging ones for later.
• Mark uncertain questions: If you're unsure about an answer, mark it and move on to the next question. Come back to it later if you have time.
• Skip long passages: If a passage is too long or confusing, skip it and move on to the next question.

How to Review and Learn from Your Mistakes on LSAT Logical Reasoning section

Learning from your mistakes is critical to improving your LSAT score. Here are some tips for reviewing and learning from your mistakes:

• Identify your weak spots: Look for patterns in your mistakes and identify areas that require improvement.
• Analyze your mistakes: Review your mistakes and analyze why you got them wrong. Was it due to a lack of understanding, misreading the question, or overthinking the answer?
• Practice more: Practice more questions on the areas where you made mistakes to reinforce your understanding.

Common Misconceptions about Logical Reasoning on the LSAT

Finally, here are some common misconceptions about Logical Reasoning on the LSAT:

• Logic games are more important: While Logic Games may seem more challenging, Logical Reasoning is equally important and constitutes half of your LSAT score.
• There's only one correct answer: While there's always one best answer, some questions may have multiple answers that are technically correct but not the best.
• LSAT tests knowledge: The LSAT measures critical thinking skills, not knowledge of any particular subject or discipline.

By following the tips, techniques, and resources discussed in this article, you can improve your LSAT Logical Reasoning score and achieve success in law school.

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Official LSAT Practice Tests

A large part of preparing to take the LSAT is familiarizing yourself with the mechanics of the test: 

• What does it look like?
• What is being asked of you?
• How do you physically provide answers to the test questions?

We recommend that you acquaint yourself with the LSAT in the same format in which your test will be administered. In addition, taking practice tests under time constraints will help you estimate how much time you can afford to spend on each question. It will also help you identify the question types with which you need more practice.

Knowing in advance what the test instructions and the question types look like will minimize distractions from your main focus on test day: answering test questions and budgeting your time wisely to do so and complete the test.

Official LSAT Prep ® on LSAC’s LawHub

LSAT Prep Books

The New Official LSAT TriplePrep series contains LSAT prep material that reflects the current design of the LSAT starting with the August 2024 administration. LSAC continues to make The Official LSAT SuperPrep and SuperPrep II are available as historical resources, since these titles contain explanations for why each question has one correct answer while all the other possible answers are incorrect.

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Tricky LSAT Practice Questions To Test You!

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Test your readiness for the LSAT with these LSAT practice questions! LSAT is one of the most intimidating law school requirements , not only due to its difficulty but also its effect on law school acceptance rates . So to improve your acceptance chances, make sure to have a solid LSAT prep strategy. Start by checking out our challenging LSAT practice questions below!

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Article Contents 1 min read

Lsat practice question 1: logical reasoning.

Explanation: If all astrophysicists are mathematicians and John is not a mathematician, then John cannot be an astrophysicist. ","label":"Answer & Explanation","title":"Answer & Explanation"}]" code="tab1" template="BlogArticle">

LSAT Practice Question 2: Analytical Reasoning

Explanation: If a shape is round, it can't be a square. So, coins that are round cannot be square. ","label":"Answer & Explanation","title":"Answer & Explanation"}]" code="tab2" template="BlogArticle">

LSAT Practice Question 3: Reading Comprehension

Explanation: The passage indicates that the movement of galaxies was \"initially unexpected,\" suggesting it was once doubted. ","label":"Answer & Explanation","title":"Answer & Explanation"}]" code="tab3" template="BlogArticle">

LSAT Practice Question 4: Logical Reasoning

Explanation: The question states that some students who study less than 5 hours can get an A, which is evidenced by Jane's situation. ","label":"Answer & Explanation","title":"Answer & Explanation"}]" code="tab4" template="BlogArticle">

Explanation: If it's stated that neither can play on a rainy day and it rained, then both Alice and Bob didn't play. ","label":"Answer & Explanation","title":"Answer & Explanation"}]" code="tab5" template="BlogArticle">

LSAT Practice Question 6: Reading Comprehension

Explanation: The passage contrasts the behavior of quantum particles with our macroscopic reality, suggesting they're not in alignment. ","label":"Answer & Explanation","title":"Answer & Explanation"}]" code="tab6" template="BlogArticle">

LSAT Practice Question 7: Logical Reasoning

Explanation: If only artists appreciate true beauty and Samantha does, then Samantha is an artist. ","label":"Answer & Explanation","title":"Answer & Explanation"}]" code="tab7" template="BlogArticle">

LSAT Practice Question 8: Analytical Reasoning

Explanation: Given the options for the weekend and that she didn't go hiking, if today is a weekend, Claire stayed at home. ","label":"Answer & Explanation","title":"Answer & Explanation"}]" code="tab8" template="BlogArticle">

LSAT Practice Question 9: Reading Comprehension

Explanation: The passage mentions the oceans' depths as \"largely unexplored,\" implying there are unknown aspects. ","label":"Answer & Explanation","title":"Answer & Explanation"}]" code="tab9" template="BlogArticle">

LSAT Practice Question 10: Logical Reasoning

Explanation: If a computer needs to be turned on to access the internet and it's accessing the internet, then it's turned on. ","label":"Answer & Explanation","title":"Answer & Explanation"}]" code="tab10" template="BlogArticle">

LSAT Practice Question 11: Logical Reasoning

Explanation: From the given premises, we know that every successful business leader has determination. We also know that some successful business leaders are not technologically skilled. Thus, it's clear that some of them possess determination but lack technological skills. ","label":"Answer & Explanation","title":"Answer & Explanation"}]" code="tab11" template="BlogArticle">

LSAT Practice Question 12: Analytical Reasoning

Explanation: Using the given premises, since James goes to the mall, Julie will go to the cinema. If Julie goes to the cinema, Katie will stay home. ","label":"Answer & Explanation","title":"Answer & Explanation"}]" code="tab12" template="BlogArticle">

LSAT Practice Question 13: Reading Comprehension

Lsat practice question 14: logical reasoning.

Explanation: We know every scientist who studies marine life respects the ocean. We also know that some people who respect the ocean do not swim. Therefore, it's possible that some scientists who study marine life do not swim. ","label":"Answer & Explanation","title":"Answer & Explanation"}]" code="tab14" template="BlogArticle">

LSAT Practice Question 15: Logical Reasoning

Explanation: If all pianists have nimble fingers and Eliza doesn't, she cannot be a pianist. ","label":"Answer & Explanation","title":"Answer & Explanation"}]" code="tab15" template="BlogArticle">

Explanation: If the game being postponed is contingent upon it raining, and it was not postponed, it means it did not rain. ","label":"Answer & Explanation","title":"Answer & Explanation"}]" code="tab16" template="BlogArticle">

LSAT Practice Question 17: Reading Comprehension

Explanation: The passage mentions that Mercury is the closest planet to the sun. ","label":"Answer & Explanation","title":"Answer & Explanation"}]" code="tab17" template="BlogArticle">

LSAT Practice Question 18: Logical Reasoning

Explanation: If every rose has a thorn, and some flowers are not roses, it's possible for some flowers without thorns to not be roses. ","label":"Answer & Explanation","title":"Answer & Explanation"}]" code="tab18" template="BlogArticle">

LSAT Practice Question 19: Analytical Reasoning

Explanation: While studying daily guarantees passing, not studying daily doesn't guarantee failure. ","label":"Answer & Explanation","title":"Answer & Explanation"}]" code="tab19" template="BlogArticle">

LSAT Practice Question 20: Reading Comprehension

Explanation: The passage clearly states tigers are known for their agility. ","label":"Answer & Explanation","title":"Answer & Explanation"}]" code="tab20" template="BlogArticle">

LSAT Practice Question 21: Logical Reasoning

Explanation: If no dogs dislike bones and Sammy dislikes bones, Sammy can't be a dog. ","label":"Answer & Explanation","title":"Answer & Explanation"}]" code="tab21" template="BlogArticle">

LSAT Practice Question 22: Analytical Reasoning

Explanation: If Brian taking the bus is contingent on Amy working late and she didn't, then Brian didn't take the bus. ","label":"Answer & Explanation","title":"Answer & Explanation"}]" code="tab22" template="BlogArticle">

LSAT Practice Question 23: Reading Comprehension

Explanation: The passage mentions that cacti have evolved to thrive in desert conditions. ","label":"Answer & Explanation","title":"Answer & Explanation"}]" code="tab23" template="BlogArticle">

LSAT Practice Question 24: Logical Reasoning

Explanation: If every member of the club is over 18 and Jenny is 17, she cannot be a member. ","label":"Answer & Explanation","title":"Answer & Explanation"}]" code="tab24" template="BlogArticle">

The LSAT consists of approximately 92 to 100 multiple-choice questions. These questions are spread across several sections, including Logical Reasoning, Analytical Reasoning, and Reading Comprehension.

The LSAT is approximately 3 hours and 30 minutes of testing time, but with breaks and administrative procedures, the entire test day experience lasts about 4 to 4.5 hours. The exam consists of multiple sections, each typically lasting 35 minutes.

The LSAT is considered one of the most challenging standardized tests, primarily due to its unique question types and strict time constraints. Its difficulty lies not just in the content, but in the skills of logical reasoning, critical thinking, and reading comprehension it tests.

Begin your LSAT preparation by familiarizing yourself with the test format and question types, then practice consistently using LSAT practice questions and full-length timed practice tests. Complement your self-study with review sessions, considering an LSAT prep course or tutor if needed, to refine strategies and address weaknesses.

The LSAT consists of multiple-choice questions grouped into sections: Logical Reasoning (or Arguments), Analytical Reasoning (or Logic Games), and Reading Comprehension. Additionally, there's an unscored writing sample section, where test-takers craft a persuasive essay based on a given prompt.

The difficulty of LSAT questions can be subjective and varies for each student; however, many test-takers find the Analytical Reasoning (Logic Games) section to be particularly challenging due to its unique format and requirement for spatial reasoning. Additionally, certain types of Logical Reasoning questions, such as parallel reasoning or flaw questions, can be tricky for some students.

The LSAT writing sample is an unscored, 35-minute essay portion of the LSAT where test-takers are presented with a decision problem and must choose between two positions, defending their choice. While it doesn't contribute to the overall LSAT score, law schools receive a copy of the essay when reviewing applications.

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This course is designed to help aspiring law students perform well in the Law School Admission Test (LSAT) with their improved ability to employ critical and logical thinking skills. We explain how the LSAT ‘Logical Reasoning’ test evaluates your ability to analyse arguments. We then discuss conditional statements and explain how they differ from simple statements. The course then examines the role of cause-and-effect theory in LSAT questions. Would you like to know how to identify conditional statements using various keywords? We cover such details in depth.

The course then provides strategies used to answer ‘true or false’ questions based on stimulus information. We show you how to evaluate the stimulus to answer the most strongly supported questions. We then discuss the cause-and-effect theories of weakening and strengthening conclusions. This part of the course demonstrates how to compare answers that weaken or strengthen the conclusion. We also explain how to use the ‘negation’ method to answer ‘necessary assumption’ questions in detail.

We then explore the ‘flawed argument’ questions and identify their role in the argument. We cover logical flaws like ‘ad hominem’ and ‘causation’ fallacies. Are you wondering how the absence of evidence cannot prove an argument? We answer such questions and compare the process of finding the right answer when both authors agree or disagree. The course then investigates the ability of ‘evaluation’ questions to evaluate arguments. We also cover ‘explaining’ and ‘parallel’ questions. This course is designed for anyone who is preparing for the LSAT and wants to improve their critical and logical thinking skills. Sign up to improve your chances of success in the LSAT and take your first step towards a rewarding law career.

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Solving “Strengthen” Questions

These questions ask you to help the main conclusion:

• Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument’s overall conclusion ?
• Which one of the following, if true, most supports the television executive’s argument ?
• Which one of the following principles most strongly supports the argument above?
• Which one of the following, if true, most justifies the educator’s reasoning ?
• The reasoning in the advertisement would be most strengthened if which one of the following were true?

Make a Strong Prediction

Because it’s impossible to strengthen a valid argument, there must be at least one flaw in a Strengthen question’s argument. Pinpoint at least one flaw when you actively engage with the passage the first time you read it:

• Find the main conclusion. If the conclusion rejects an idea, restate the conclusion as the opposite of that idea. If you need to brush up on argument parts and indicators, go here .  ‍
• Find the premises. Premises are statements that support the main conclusion. Don’t confuse these for background information, concessions, and opposing viewpoints. ‍
• Figure out why the premises don’t prove the main conclusion . Accept the premises as true, but they still won’t prove the conclusion. Why don’t they? Catch any sneaky assumptions and find a way to state them explicitly to strengthen the author’s argument.

There might be multiple problems with the argument. Identify as many as you can. After spotting one or two serious flaws, jump into the answer choices. 

What to Look For

The correct answer won’t necessarily prove the main conclusion, but it will make that conclusion stronger . As you read each answer, ask yourself: Does this answer help the main conclusion more than the other four answers?

While all five answers can be true, only the correct answer will give you new evidence which might have been assumed but never explicitly stated by the author. The new evidence should fix, at least partly, one of the problems you identified. 

If two answers both help the conclusion, the more strongly-worded answer is usually the correct one in a Strengthen question. For instance, it might say “all” rather than “some.” As always, though, the content of the answer matters more than word strength. 

If a question uses the word “EXCEPT,” look for the opposite: The correct answer will either weaken the conclusion or do nothing, so rule out answers that strengthen the conclusion at all.

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