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WRITING A RESEARCH PROPOSAL

Aug 23, 2014

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WRITING A RESEARCH PROPOSAL. Dr. Ahmad Jusoh. On what criteria are research proposal judged?. Do you have a clear idea of what you plan to research? Does your proposal have focus? Is it a topic worthy of academic study and significance?

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research design
academic audience
participant observation
relevant literature
data collection method

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WRITING A RESEARCH PROPOSAL Dr. Ahmad Jusoh

On what criteria are research proposal judged? • Do you have a clear idea of what you plan to research? Does your proposal have focus? • Is it a topic worthy of academic study and significance? • Do you demonstrate an adequate understanding of the debates in the literature on this topic? • Is the project feasible? Do you have a realistic idea of how you are going to tackle the investigation? • Is it doable within the time constraints? • Does the bibliography and referencing conform to accepted conventions? Is it technically faultless?

The process of developing a research proposal

The format of a research proposal:Chapter 1: Introduction • Research Background (introduction) • Research Problem and Research Questions • The engine of your thesis • How to identify Research Problem? • Literature Driven. • READ, READ, READ & NO SHORT-CUT • Demonstrate that you are familiar with the academic debates on the issues chosen. • It should focus on a gap in the debates /a puzzle / an ambiguity • You should be able to explain why it is a problem and why it is worthy of study. • If the answer to the question is already known, or one on which there is scholarly consensus, then the question is not worth pursuing. • Questions can start with “can?”, “should?”, “is?”, “how?”, “what?”, “why?” etc.

Chapter 1: Introduction • Research Objectives • Derived from research questions • Objective: Which is the problem your thesis hopes to address and aimed at an academic audience. • Your thesis must have an academic aim as its central aim. • Consider starting your objectives with words like “To…: explore, investigate, analyze, determine, understand, compare, evaluate, assess. • Significant of the study • Academic/ theoretical i.e; To understand the phenomena • Strategic/practical i.e; To provide recommendation for policy makers. • Definitions of Terms

Chapter 2: Literature Review A review of the relevant literature • The literature review is crucial to formulating the framework of the research. • Examine past and recent studies that act as a basis for proposed study. • Begin from comprehensive perspective moving to more specific studies (that relate to your problem). • Discuss the current status of your topic • Avoid the inessential literature. • Emphasize on the: • importance results, most recent findings and conclusion of other studies. Any contradict findings? • trend from previous research • In what context is most of the literature located • Methodologyor design (that could be duplicated or should be avoided)

Chapter 2: Literature Review • Emphasize on the .. (conti.) • The interpretation of the key concepts • What theoretical model relates to your research topic? • Demonstrate that you have some sense of the debates in literature around the topic. • Must show relationship between literature & Problem Statement. • Discussion of the relationship between the important variables  provide basis for hypothesis development. • The literature review help you to formulate the framework of the research.

Chapter 3: Methodology • Describe “How you are going to do”-> Research design. • Unit of analysis (respondents): individual? Company? Provide justification!! • Purpose of study: Exploration? Description? Hypothesis testing? • Research Design: • Sampling Procedure…Justification!!! • Data Collection Method: • Quantitative? Survey / secondary data.. Justification!!! • Qualitative?? Structured or semi structured Interview?/ Participant Observation?.. Justification!!! • Reliability & validity of the instrument • Result of the pilot test • Data Analysis techniques: Parametric/non-parametric/qualitative? … Justification!!!

4.0 Indicative Structure of a Thesis

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Writing a Research Proposal

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research proposal is a comprehensive plan for a research project. It is a written description of a research plan that has to be undertaken. It determines the specific areas of research, states the purpose, scope, methodology, overall organization and limitations of the study. It also estimates its requirements for equipment (if necessary), finance and possible personnel.

A research proposal is a written document specifying what a researcher intends to study and written before beginning the research which communicate research problem and proposed methods of solving it. A research proposal should be built on a concrete plan to conduct academic or scientific research. Types of proposals include internal, external, solicited, unsolicited, preproposals, continuation or non-competing and renewal or competing. Purpose of a Research Proposal is to convince the organization and readers .Characteristics need to be based on attention, interest, desire and action. Qualities of good proposal include specific scope, realistic nature, appropriate credentials, fulfill needs, beneficial, short and simple. Need for good preparation of proposal is vital in formulating proposal, assisting researcher and improving the research quality. Functions of Proposal consists to synthesize critical thinking, clarifies own thinking, refine proposed research, communicate ideas, open thinking and negotiation between researcher and involved parties. Basic composition of Proposal needs a beginning, middle and an end. Typical proposal format includes title, abstract, introduction, background, preliminary studies, research methodology, budget, curriculum vitae for principal investigators, appendix and human subjects. Proposal development strategies and writing tips includes use of outline , listings, visuals, forecasting , internal summaries , significant issues , sequencing components , review , edit , proof read , avoiding overkill point and errors. Proposals are turned down when problems are trivial, complex, nebulous, diffuse without clear aim, lack of sufficient evidence, imagination and originality.

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Writing a research proposal for an early career researcher is one of the toughest part of research work. A research proposal is a blueprint to conduct research work and a well-structured proposal provides smooth functioning for the proposed research. Generally, young researchers face various types of problem in structuring a good research proposal in absence of proper guidelines, steps and strategies. This paper aims to provide a general guideline to the students and researchers to develop a wellstructured research proposal for the purpose of PhD/dissertation/research projects, etc. The concept and significance of a research proposal, how to start research work, the process of producing and appropriate sections for a good research proposal has been discussed in great detail.

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This article sets out and discusses the stages in writing an effective research proposal. It covers the when, why and how to aspects of research proposals, and uses examples to illustrate the most effective way to communicate research ideas. It is, in part, designed to support those seeking to submit a proposal for the LIRG Research award, and thus to complement the advice given on the LIRG website, but it also serves as general guidance for anyone wishing to prepare a research proposal for a range of contexts.

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