silent sound technology research paper 2021

• International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

• Mission & Scope
• Editorial Board
• Peer-Review Policy
• Publication Ethics Policy
• Journal Policies
• Join as Reviewer
• Conference Partners
• Call for Papers
• Journal Statistics – 2023-2024
• Submit Manuscript
• Journal Charges (APC)
• Register as Volunteer
• Upcoming Conferences
• CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
• Thesis Archive
• Thesis Publication FAQs
• Thesis Publication Charges
• Author Login
• Reviewer Login

Volume 10, Issue 05 (May 2021)

Smart assistive device for speech impaired using silent sound technology.

• Article Download / Views: 1,114
• Authors : Diana John Esther , Gayathri G. R , Dhanya Mathew , Kripa Binoy, Neha S. S
• Paper ID : IJERTV10IS050190
• Volume & Issue : Volume 10, Issue 05 (May 2021)
• Published (First Online): 24-05-2021
• ISSN (Online) : 2278-0181
• Publisher Name : IJERT

Diana John Esther

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Marian Engineering College Trivandrum, Kerala

Gayathri G.R

Kripa Binoy

Dhanya Mathew

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Marian Engineering College

Trivandrum, Kerala

Abstract:- One of the beautiful creation of god is human beings who have been fortunate to have senses like vision and speech. But some humans are unfortunate to have this blessing. Speech impaired people are greatly affected as they cannot communicate effectively as in the case of normal people by verbal means.Here speech impaired people communicate using sign language to communicate with others. But others who does not have the prior knowledge of what sign language is, find it very tough to understand what speech impaired person is trying to express. Smart assistive device can help speech impaired people to effectively communicate with others. This device can help people who have undergone surgery such as laryngectomy, a surgical removal of larynx which is usually done when person suffers from a critical accident or throat cancer. Using the smart assistive device it decodes the movement of lips and then convert it to text and audio. The listener on the other end can be either a normal person or a hearing impaired person. Here normal person can hear the audio of the spoken word and hearing impaired person can see the word displayed on the screen.

compared with pre-prepared database and releases output such as text and voice.

EXISTING SYSTEM

In the existing system it involves use of ultrasound probe, camera and a silent vocoder. Here image of vocal cords are taken from ultrasound probe and along with this the movement of lips are captured using camera. The captured images of lip and tongue movement are then given to lip reader. Lip reader then compares the input image with pre- stored images and if a match is found it generates a visual speech signal. This visual speech signal is then given to a silent vocoder. The silent vocoder consists of an HMM based visuo-phonetic decoder, audio-visual selection unit

,concatenation of the selected units, HNM based prosodic adaptation. Then the silent vocoder converts the visual speech into spoken words.

INTRODUCTION

Communication is an important characteristic of human behaviour and embodies human beings ability to convey information, feelings, opinions to others. The main aspect of communication is that the receiver has to understand what the sender is trying to communicate. In the case of speech impaired person they communicate with others using sign language a visual means of communicating using hand signals,gestures and facial expressions. Here the person on the other end find it difficult very difficult to understand what the other person is saying if he or she does not have the prior knowledge of sign language. This project is proposed to ease the communication between speech impaired person and normal person. In this project speech impaired persons lip movements are analyzed and

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

RASPBERRY PI 4 MODEL B

It comes with a Gigabit Ethernet, along with the onboard wireless networking and Bluetooth. It has also upgraded its USB capacity, along with two USB 2 ports, two USB 3

ports are also added, which can make transfer data ten times faster.

Specifications

Broadcom BCM2711, Quad coreCortex-A72 (ARM v8) 64-bit SoC @ 1.5GHz

2GB, 4GB or 8GB LPDDR4-3200 SDRAM

(depending on model)

2-lane MIPI DSI display port

2-lane MIPI CSI camera port

4-pole stereo audio and composite video port

H.265 (4kp60 decode), H264 (1080p60 decode, 1080p30 encode)

OpenGL ES 3.0 graphics

Micro-SD card slot for loading operating system and data storage

5V DC via USB-C connector (minimum 3A*)

5V DC via GPIO header (minimum 3A*)

Operating temperature: 0 50 degrees Cambient

RASPBERRY PI 5MP CAMERA

The Raspberry Pi Camera Board plugs directly into the CSI connector on the Raspberry Pi. It is able to deliver a crystal clear 5MP resolution image, or 1080p HD video recording at 30fps. The Raspberry Pi Camera Board features a 5MP Omnivision 5647 sensor in a fixed focus module.

The module attaches to Raspberry Pi, by way of a 15 Pin Ribbon Cable,to the dedicated 15-pin MIPI Camera Serial Interface (CSI), which was designed especially for

1V. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

TensorFlow is a machine learning software library that is both free and open-source. It can be used for a multitude of activities, but its best known for deep neural network training and inference. Tensor flow is a symbolic math library that uses dataflow and distinguishable programming to solve problems.

TensorFlow is a cross-platform programming language. It works on a wide range of systems, including GPUs and CPUs, as well as handheld and embedded platforms and even tensor processing units (TPUs)

The TensorFlow distributed execution engine abstracts away the many compatible devices and provides the TensorFlow framework with a high-performance core written in C++.

Keras is TensorFlow 2 is high-level API: a user-friendly, highly efficient platform for resolving machine learning problems with an emphasis on modern deep learning. It provides the necessary abstractions and basics for designing and shipping high-iteration-rate machine learning solutions.

Engineers and developers can use Keras to fully exploit TensorFlows flexibility and trans capabilities: you can

execute Keras on TPUs or massive clusters of GPUs, and you can export Keras models to execute in the browser or on portable devices.

Layers and templates are Keras fundamental file formats. The Sequential model, which is a linear stack of layers, is the most basic type model. You can use the interfacing to cameras. The CSI bus is capable of extremely high data rates, and it exclusively carries pixel data to the BCM2835 processor. The board itself is tiny, at around 25mm x 20mm x

9mm, and weighs just over 3g, making it perfect for mobile or other applications where size and weight are important. The sensor itself has a native resolution of 5 megapixel, and has a fixed focus lens onboard. In terms of still images, the camera is capable of 2592 x 1944-pixel static images.

LCD DISPLAY

This 16 × 2 LCD packs 32 characters into an outline smaller than that of most two-line displays. An LED backlight enables optimal viewing in all lighting conditions. This unit uses the HD44780 interface found on most parallel character displays.

Keras operational API for more complex architectures, which allows you to construct arbitrary layer graphs or write models entirely from scratch through sub-classing.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

First speakerss video is captured using a camera.From the speakers video different frames(image) are obtained by stopping at single frequency.For example, a on sec video is converted into 30 frames/sec.From the set of frames face is localized in a video frame.Then localize the lip region as it increases the accuracy . OpenCV is used to localize the lip region OpenCV is a computer vision library, has very little support regarding neural networks/ deep learning. It can provide only computer vision/image processing utilities to your program, machine learning libraries like TensorFlow,scikit

-learn, caffe, etc.. have to be used to implement systems like LipNet . In the lip geometry based feature extraction the region of interest is the lips. Accordingly the mouth regions area is calculated. The height and width ratios of the mouth is used as features . These features are more applicable where the surrounding is more crowded area and contains lot of noise. Hence, in it only visual features are required.

In appearance based features the tongue, teeths are considered for lip movement detection. Since the geometry based features where having the drawbacks like detecting the mouth feature reliably, lighting conditions and many more, to overcome this appearance based features are considered.

It was an alternate way for the extraction of features using the pixel data as features . Improved Local Binary Pattern (ILBP) from the three of the orthogonal planes was considered for change in the time and the space of mouths region. The binary image of lip is also taken as the feature

taken the mouth opening which consisted of tongue and teeths as a feature. In which the teeth area was taken as the ROI and the contour of it was taken as the feature for further processes. The lips and mouth region are the visual parts of the human speech production system; these parts hold the most visual speech information,therefore,it is imperative for any VSR system to detect/localize such regions to capture the related visual information,i.e. we cannot read lips without seeing them first.It is then compared with the lip dictionary and if it is a match text and voice are released as outputs.

By using silent sound technology it results to notice every movement of lip and turn them into sounds which could help people to make silent calls without causing any inconvenience to others.Rather than making any sounds,this would decipher the movements your lips makes and,then convert this into speech that the person on the end can hear.So substantially it reads your lips. In the proposed system speech impaired person and normal person can communicate effectively. This device could also be used for assisting laryngectomized patient.

FUTURE SCOPE

In future this can be implemented as a mobile application, which brings in ease of communication and handy to carry. It will also allow people to make silent calls without bothering others.

Anish Kumar , Rakesh Raushan , Saurabh Aditya , Vishal Kumar Jaiswal , Mrs. Divyashree, An Innovative Communication System For Deaf, Dumb and Blind People Volume 5 Issue VI,

June 2017 IC Value: 45.98 ISSN: 2321-9653

S D, Lalitha & K K, Thyagharajan. (2016). A Study on Lip Localization Techniques used for Lip reading from a Video. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research. 11. 611- 615.

Hueber, T., Benaroya, E-L., Chollet, G., Denby, B., Dreyfus, G., Stone, M., Development of a Silent Speech Interface Driven by Ultrasound and Optical Images of the Tongue and Lips, Speech Communication (2009)

J. Chung, A. Senior, O. Vinyals and A. Zisserman, "Lip Reading Sentences in the Wild," in 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Honolulu, HI, USA, 2017 pp. 3444-3453.

D. E. King. Dlib-ml: A machine learning toolkit. The Journal of Machine Learning Research, 10:17551758, 2009

Leave a Reply

You must be logged in to post a comment.

Trends in Opto-Electro & Optical Communications

• Other Journals
• For Readers
• For Authors
• For Librarians
• Announcements
• Author Guideline
• Referencing Pattern
• Sample Research Paper
• Publication Management Team
• Editorial Board
• Publication Ethics & Malpractice Statement

Electromyography And Image Processing in Silent Sound Technology: A Review

With the use of silent sound innovation, it should be possible for people who have lost their voices to communicate and hold intimate discussions without upsetting others by translating each lip movement into sound. Your phone would interpret your lip movements by detecting muscle action rather than producing sounds, and it would then translate this into speech that the person on the other end of the queue would appear to listen to. In a sense, it scans your lips. This cutting-edge method will be very helpful whenever someone loses their voice while speaking, allowing people to make quiet calls without agitating others and actually enabling us to share our Stick number with a trusted friend or family without worrying about almost being discovered. A unique processing is audible to the listener.

Sanni Hafiz Oluwasola. Silent Sound Technology. International Journal of Science and Research

(IJSR). Volume 6 Issue 4, April 2017; 1732-1735.

Hemant Kumar Kathania, Sudarsana Reddy Kadiri, Paavo Alku and Mikko Kurimo. Using Data

Augmentation and Time-Scale Modification to Improve ASR of Children’s Speech in Noisy Environments.

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(18), 8420; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11188420

P.Thirumal, L.Shylu Dafni Agnus, N.Sanjana, K.Yogajeeva and V. Namitha, Speech Recognition Using

Data Augmentation, International Conference on Advancements in Electrical, Electronics,

Communication, Computing and Automation (ICAECA), 2021, pp1-5.

S. Devi, S. Chokshi, K. Kotian and J. Warwatkar, Visual Speech Recognition,4th Biennial International

Conference on Nascent Technologies in Engineering (ICNTE), 2021, pp. 1-4.

Diana John Esther, G. R. Gayathri, Dhanya Mathew, Kripa Binoy, S. S Neha Smart Assistive Device

for Speech Impaired using Silent Sound Technology, International Journal of Engineering Research and

Technology (IJERT), Volume 10, 2021, Issue 05.

K.R.Swetha A survey on Silent Sound Technology Using Electromyography and Image

Processing,Volume63, 2020, Issue 05.

Rathee N. A novel approach for lip reading based on neural network. In2016 International Conference on

Computational Techniques in Information and Communication Technologies (ICCTICT) 2016 Mar 11 (pp. 421-426).

Son Chung J, Senior A, Vinyals O, Zisserman A. Lip reading sentences in the wild. InProceedings of the IEEE

conference on computer vision and pattern recognition 2017 (pp. 6447-6456).

Fisher CG. Confusions among visually perceived consonants. Journal of speech and hearing research. 1968

Dec;11(4):796-804.

Petridis S, Stafylakis T, Ma P, Cai F, Tzimiropoulos G, Pantic M. End-to-end audiovisual speech recognition.

In2018 IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech and signal processing (ICASSP) 2018 Apr 15 (pp.

-6552). IEEE.

• There are currently no refbacks.

IEEE Account

• Change Username/Password
• Update Address

Purchase Details

• Payment Options
• Order History
• View Purchased Documents

Profile Information

• Communications Preferences
• Profession and Education
• Technical Interests
• US & Canada: +1 800 678 4333
• Worldwide: +1 732 981 0060
• Contact & Support
• About IEEE Xplore
• Accessibility
• Terms of Use
• Nondiscrimination Policy
• Privacy & Opting Out of Cookies

A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity. © Copyright 2024 IEEE - All rights reserved. Use of this web site signifies your agreement to the terms and conditions.

SILENT SOUND TECHNOLOGY

Article sidebar, main article content.

In this paper we approach to which could help people who lose voices to speak, and allow people to make silent calls without bothering others, rather than making any sounds, your handset would decipher the movements your mouth makes by measuring muscle activity, then convert this into speech that the person on the other end of the call can hear. So, basically, it reads our lips. Another important benefit of this technology is that it allows you to communicate to any person in the world as the electrical pulse is universal, it can be converted into any language depending upon the users choice.

Article Details

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to  upgrade your browser .

Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.

• We're Hiring!
• Help Center

Silent Sound Technology-An End to Noisy Communication

•   We're Hiring!
•   Help Center
• Find new research papers in:
• Health Sciences
• Earth Sciences
• Cognitive Science
• Mathematics
• Computer Science
• Academia ©2024

A survey on Silent Sound Technology Using Electromyography and Image Processing

• K. R. Swetha

 We have a technology called silent sound technology which is quite interesting as one can talk to other person without actually uttering a word from one’s lips. Noise pollution is one of the major problems in malls, theatre’s and some public places etc. This noise pollution can be reduced using this new technology. The silent sound technology first came out from “Karlsruhe Institute of Technology”. This technology observes every lip movement of a person and then converts that muscle movements i.e., electrical pulse into the signals of sound and sends to the person on other end clearly without any disturbances that was there at the sender’s side. This technology helps to the people who have lost their voices but wants to talk on a mobile phone and for those who are in a crowd places but want to communicate on a phone. And the important thing is electrical pulse is universal hence it enables to communicate to any person across the world.

• Requires Subscription PDF

Make a Submission

Copyright Transfer Form

Paper Template

Important Links

Aims and Scope

Paper Topics

Call for Papers

Instructions for Authors

Ethics & Policies

Publication Ethics and Publication Malpractice Statement

Peer Review Policy

Plagiarism Policy

Copyright, Grants and Ownership Declaration

Refund Policy

Open Access Overview

Open Access License

Permissions

Subscription

Login to access subscriber-only resources.

Copyright © by Solid State Technology

• Paper Archives
• Journal Indexing
• Research Conference
• Add Article

Searching By

• Search more

Silent Sound Technology

Publication Date : 2017-04-05

Authors : Sanni Hafiz Oluwasola ;

Page : 1732 - 1735

Keywords : silent sound Technology ; electromyography EMG ; Electromagnetic ; Image processing ; Pre processing ; Information extraction ; ultrasound transducer ;

Other Latest Articles

• 3D Block Model of Elements Distribution in Laterite Nickel Deposits
• Abundance and Diversity of Mosquito (Anopheles sp) in Malaria Endemic Areas of Ternate Island North Maluku
• CD4+ Cell Count in the HIV/AIDS-infected People with Pulmonary Complications
• A Survey on Mouth Rinsing Habits in Young Adult Population
• Plant Disease Information Generating System Based On Android Application Technology

Last modified: 2021-06-30 18:32:29

Advertisement

Information

• Author Services

Initiatives

You are accessing a machine-readable page. In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader.

All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess .

Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications.

Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive positive feedback from the reviewers.

Editor’s Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal.

Original Submission Date Received: .

• Active Journals
• Find a Journal
• Proceedings Series
• For Authors
• For Reviewers
• For Editors
• For Librarians
• For Publishers
• For Societies
• For Conference Organizers
• Open Access Policy
• Institutional Open Access Program
• Special Issues Guidelines
• Editorial Process
• Research and Publication Ethics
• Article Processing Charges
• Testimonials
• Preprints.org
• SciProfiles
• Encyclopedia

Article Menu

• Subscribe SciFeed
• Recommended Articles
• Google Scholar
• on Google Scholar
• Table of Contents

Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website.

Please let us know what you think of our products and services.

Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI.

JSmol Viewer

Waste tyre textile fibre composite material: acoustic performance and life cycle assessment.

1. Introduction

2. materials and methods, 2.1. method of sample preparation, 2.2. method of the determination of normal incidence sound absorption coefficient, 2.3. method of determination of airflow resistivity, 2.4. life cycle assessment methodology.

• Goal and Scope
• Functional Unit
• System Boundaries and Life Cycle Inventory
• Selected Impact Assessment Method
• Damage to human health, expressed as the number of years of life lost and years of life with disability. These values are combined as Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), an index used by the World Bank and the World Health Organisation. The unit of measurement is years.
• Damage to ecosystems, expressed as the loss of species in a certain area over a certain period of time. The unit of measurement is years.
• Resource damage, expressed as excess future resource production costs over an indefinite period, subject to a 3% discount rate. The unit of measurement is 2013 USD. It should be kept in mind that the lack of fossil resources does not have constant mid-to-endpoint indicators, but factors that are individual for each material.

3. Results and Discussion

3.1. airflow resistivity and sem results of composite sound absorbing panels, 3.2. characterisation of acoustic parameters of composite sound absorbing panels, 3.3. interpretation of the results of the life cycle assessment.

• Determination of the Functional Unit
• Results of the Life Cycle Inventory
• Life Cycle Impact Assessment and Results Interpretation
• Scenario of Use of Renewable Energy Sources
• Modelling of Global Warming Potential

4. Conclusions

Author contributions, institutional review board statement, informed consent statement, data availability statement, acknowledgments, conflicts of interest.

• Tong, H.; Kang, J. Relationship between Urban Development Patterns and Noise Complaints in England. Environ. Plan. B Urban. Anal. City Sci. 2020 , 48 , 1632–1649. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Şentop Dümen, A.; Tamer Bayazıt, N. Enforcement of Acoustic Performance Assessment in Residential Buildings and Occupant Satisfaction. Build. Res. Inf. 2020 , 48 , 866–885. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Valentina, L.L.; Arifianto, D.; Azmi, F.U.; Fajar, B.; Nadiroh, A. The Effect of Reverberation Time on Sound Masking Method to Improve Speech Privacy in Open-Plan Offices. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2021 , 1896 , 012005. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Ulrich, T.; Arenas, J.P. Sound Absorption of Sustainable Polymer Nanofibrous Thin Membranes Bonded to a Bulk Porous Material. Sustainability 2020 , 12 , 2361. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Jesic, J.; Okanovic, A.; Panic, A.A. Net Zero 2050 as an EU Priroty: Modeling a System for Efficient Investments in Eco Innovation for Climate Change Mitigation. Energy Sustain. Soc. 2021 , 11 , 50. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Sakthivel, S.; Senthil Kumar, S.; Melese, B.; Mekonnen, S.; Solomon, E.; Edae, A.; Abedom, F.; Gedilu, M. Development of Nonwoven Composites from Recycled Cotton/Polyester Apparel Waste Materials for Sound Absorbing and Insulating Properties. Appl. Acoust. 2021 , 180 , 108126. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Svoboda, J.; Dvorský, T.; Václavík, V.; Charvát, J.; Máčalová, K.; Heviánková, S.; Janurová, E. Sound-Absorbing and Thermal-Insulating Properties of Cement Composite Based on Recycled Rubber from Waste Tires. Appl. Sci. 2021 , 11 , 2725. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Atiénzar-Navarro, R.; del Rey, R.; Alba, J.; Sánchez-Morcillo, V.J.; Picó, R. Sound Absorption Properties of Perforated Recycled Polyurethane Foams Reinforced with Woven Fabric. Polymers 2020 , 12 , 401. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Maderuelo-Sanz, R.; Acedo-Fuentes, P.; García-Cobos, F.J.; Sánchez-Delgado, F.J.; Mota-López, M.I.; Meneses-Rodríguez, J.M. The Recycling of Surgical Face Masks as Sound Porous Absorbers: Preliminary Evaluation. Sci. Total Environ. 2021 , 786 , 147461. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Hassani, P.; Soltani, P.; Ghane, M.; Zarrebini, M. Porous Resin-Bonded Recycled Denim Composite as an Efficient Sound-Absorbing Material. Appl. Acoust. 2021 , 173 , 107710. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Lyu, L.; Zhang, D.; Tian, Y.; Zhou, X. Sound-Absorption Performance and Fractal Dimension Feature of Kapok Fibre/Polycaprolactone Composites. Coatings 2021 , 11 , 1000. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Shanmugam, V.; Das, O.; Neisiany, R.E.; Babu, K.; Singh, S.; Hedenqvist, M.S.; Berto, F.; Ramakrishna, S. Polymer Recycling in Additive Manufacturing: An Opportunity for the Circular Economy. Mater. Circ. Econ. 2020 , 2 , 11. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Lederer, J.; Gassner, A.; Kleemann, F.; Fellner, J. Potentials for a Circular Economy of Mineral Construction Materials and Demolition Waste in Urban Areas: A Case Study from Vienna. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2020 , 161 , 104942. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Meys, R.; Frick, F.; Westhues, S.; Sternberg, A.; Klankermayer, J.; Bardow, A. Towards a Circular Economy for Plastic Packaging Wastes—The Environmental Potential of Chemical Recycling. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2020 , 162 , 105010. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Jayanti, A.; Widyarko. Fast Fashion Synthetic Fabric Waste as an Alternative Noise Absorbent Material. AIP Conf. Proc. 2021 , 2376 , 080008. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Caniato, M.; Cozzarini, L.; Schmid, C.; Gasparella, A. A Sustainable Acoustic Customization of Open Porous Materials Using Recycled Plastics. Sci. Rep. 2022 , 12 , 10955. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
• Vilniškis, T.; Januševičius, T. Sound Insulation Properties of Sound-Reduction Louvers with Innovative Devulcanized Rubber. Arch. Acoust. 2024 , 10. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Astrauskas, T.; Januševičius, T.; Grubliauskas, R. Acoustic Panels Made of Paper Sludge and Clay Composites. Sustainability 2021 , 13 , 637. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Ružickij, R.; Vasarevičius, S.; Januševičius, T.; Grubliauskas, R. The Reuse Method of Waste Tyre Textile Fibers for Sound Absorption Applications. In Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Energy, Environment and Climate Change (ICUE), Pattaya, Thailand, 26–28 October 2022. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Sugimoto, N.; Sugimoto, N. Fatigue Analysis and Rapid Design Process of Anti-Vibration Rubber Parts for Automobiles. SAE Tech. Pap. Ser. 2024 , 1 , 2255. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Apaza Apaza, F.R.; Vázquez, V.F.; Paje, S.E.; Saiz, L.; Gulisano, F.; Gallego, J. The Potential Effect of Crumb Rubber on the Maximum Sound Absorption Performance of Asphalt Mixtures. Constr. Build. Mater. 2023 , 389 , 131789. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Tarafdar, A.; Oh, M.J.; Nguyen-Phuong, Q.; Kwon, J.H. Profiling and Potential Cancer Risk Assessment on Children Exposed to PAHs in Playground Dust/Soil: A Comparative Study on Poured Rubber Surfaced and Classical Soil Playgrounds in Seoul. Environ. Geochem. Health 2020 , 42 , 1691–1704. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
• Landi, D.; Marconi, M.; Meo, I.; Germani, M. Reuse Scenarios of Tires Textile Fibers: An Environmental Evaluation. Procedia Manuf. 2018 , 21 , 329–336. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Valdes-Vidal, G.; Calabi-Floody, A.; Mignolet-Garrido, C.; Bravo-Espinoza, C. Enhancing Fatigue Resistance in Asphalt Mixtures with a Novel Additive Derived from Recycled Polymeric Fibers from End-of-Life Tyres (ELTs). Polymers 2024 , 16 , 385. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
• Khosh, B.; Atapour, H. Assessment of Mechanical Behavior of Sprayed Concrete Reinforced with Waste Tire Textile Fibers. Sci. Rep. 2024 , 14 , 8873. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
• Fareghian, M.; Afrazi, M.; Fakhimi, A. Soil Reinforcement by Waste Tire Textile Fibers: Small-Scale Experimental Tests. J. Mater. Civil. Eng. 2022 , 35 , 04022402. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Ruzickij, R.; Grubliauskas, R. Sound Absorption: Dependence of Rubber Particles Impurities in Tyre Textile Fibre. Environ. Clim. Technol. 2022 , 26 , 331–340. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Ong, T.K.; Choo, H.L.; Lee, S.M.; Kong, K.Y. Oil Palm Wastes as Sustainable Sound Absorbing Particleboard. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2020 , 815 , 012010. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Bhingare, N.H.; Prakash, S. Effect of Polyurethane Resin Addition on Acoustic Performance of Natural Coconut Coir Fiber. J. Nat. Fibers 2022 , 19 , 2902–2913. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Tie, T.S.; Mo, K.H.; Putra, A.; Loo, S.C.; Alengaram, U.J.; Ling, T.C. Sound Absorption Performance of Modified Concrete: A Review. J. Build. Eng. 2020 , 30 , 101219. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Tran, M.H.; Lee, E.Y. Production of Polyols and Polyurethane from Biomass: A Review. Environ. Chem. Lett. 2023 , 21 , 2199–2223. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Yong, Q.; Liao, B.; Huang, J.; Guo, Y.; Liang, C.; Pang, H. Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Low Gloss Waterborne Polyurethane Resin. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2018 , 341 , 78–85. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Tigabe, S.; Atalie, D.; Gideon, R.k. Physical Properties Characterization of Polyvinyl Acetate Composite Reinforced with Jute Fibers Filled with Rice Husk and Sawdust. J. Nat. Fibers 2022 , 19 , 5928–5939. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Diyana, Z.N.; Jumaidin, R.; Selamat, M.Z.; Ghazali, I.; Julmohammad, N.; Huda, N.; Ilyas, R.A. Physical Properties of Thermoplastic Starch Derived from Natural Resources and Its Blends: A Review. Polymers 2021 , 13 , 1396. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
• Hassan, T.; Jamshaid, H.; Mishra, R.; Khan, M.Q.; Petru, M.; Novak, J.; Choteborsky, R.; Hromasova, M. Acoustic, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Green Composites Reinforced with Natural Fibers Waste. Polymers 2020 , 12 , 654. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
• Ricciardi, P.; Belloni, E.; Cotana, F. Innovative Panels with Recycled Materials: Thermal and Acoustic Performance and Life Cycle Assessment. Appl. Energy 2014 , 134 , 150–162. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Secchi, S.; Asdrubali, F.; Cellai, G.; Nannipieri, E.; Rotili, A.; Vannucchi, I. Experimental and Environmental Analysis of New Sound-Absorbing and Insulating Elements in Recycled Cardboard. J. Build. Eng. 2016 , 5 , 1–12. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Casadesús, M.; Álvarez, M.D.; Garrido, N.; Molins, G.; Macanás, J.; Colom, X.; Cañavate, J.; Carrillo, F. Environmental Impact Assessment of Sound Absorbing Nonwovens Based on Chicken Feathers Waste. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2019 , 149 , 489–499. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Nagy, B.; Marosvolgyi, M.; Szalay, Z. Global Warming Potential of Building Constructions Based on Heat and Moisture Transport Analysis. Therm. Sci. 2021 , 26 , 3285–3296. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• ISO 10534-2:2023 ; Acoustics—Determination of Acoustic Properties in Impedance Tubes—Part 2: Two-Microphone Technique for Normal Sound Absorption Coefficient and Normal Surface Impedance. International Standard. ISO: Geneva, Switzerland, 1998; pp. 1–28.
• ISO.9053-1:2018 ; Acoustics—Determination of Airflow Resistance—Part 1: Static Airflow Method. International Standard. ISO: Geneve, Switzerland, 2018; pp. 1–20.
• ISO 14040:2006 ; Environmental Management—Life Cycle Assessment—Principles and Framework. International Standard. ISO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2022.
• ISO 14044:2006 ; Environmental Management—Life Cycle Assessment—Requirements and Guidelines—Amendment 1. International Standard. ISO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2017.
• PRé Sustainability. SimaPro Database Manual Methods Library ; PRé Sustainability: Amersfoort, The Netherlands, 2020. [ Google Scholar ]
• Yang, Y.; Chen, Z.; Chen, Y.; Zhang, L.; Lu, H. Effect of Physical and Subsequent Processing Parameters of Glass Fiber Felts on Sound Insulation. J. Text. Inst. 2017 , 109 , 614–619. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Bozkurt, T.S.; Yılmaz Demirkale, S. Investigation and Development of Sound Absorption of Plasters Prepared with Pumice Aggregate and Natural Hydraulic Lime Binder. Appl. Acoust. 2020 , 170 , 107521. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Abdi, D.D.; Monazzam, M.; Taban, E.; Putra, A.; Golbabaei, F.; Khadem, M. Sound Absorption Performance of Natural Fiber Composite from Chrome Shave and Coffee Silver Skin. Appl. Acoust. 2021 , 182 , 108264. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Cao, L.; Fu, Q.; Si, Y.; Ding, B.; Yu, J. Porous Materials for Sound Absorption. Compos. Commun. 2018 , 10 , 25–35. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Asadi, M.; Ohadi, A.; Keshavarz, R. Effect of Non-Acoustic Properties on the Sound Absorption of Polyurethane Foams. J. Theor. Appl. Vib. Acoustics 2015 , 1 , 122–132. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Liu, X.; Xiong, X.; Pang, J.; Wu, L.; Zhang, H. Airflow Resistivity Measurement and Sound Absorption Performance Analysis of Sound-Absorb Cotton. Appl. Acoust. 2021 , 179 , 108060. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Seddeq, H.S. Factors Influencing Acoustic Performance of Sound Absorptive Materials. Aust. J. Basic. Appl. Sci. 2009 , 3 , 4610–4617. [ Google Scholar ]
• Yang, T.; Hu, L.; Xiong, X.; Petrů, M.; Noman, M.T.; Mishra, R.; Militký, J. Sound Absorption Properties of Natural Fibers: A Review. Sustainability 2020 , 12–8477. [ CrossRef ]
• Asdrubali, F.; D’Alessandro, F.; Schiavoni, S. Sound Absorbing Properties of Materials Made of Rubber Crumbs. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2008 , 123 , 3037. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Zhou, R.; Zhao, S.; Luo, M.; Meng, X.; Ma, J.; Liu, J. MFCC Based Real-Time Speech Reproduction and Recognition Using Distributed Acoustic Sensing Technology. Optoelectron. Lett. 2024 , 20 , 222–227. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Lomte, A.; Sharma, B.; Drouin, M.; Schaffarzick, D. Sound Absorption and Transmission Loss Properties of Open-Celled Aluminum Foams with Stepwise Relative Density Gradients. Appl. Acoust. 2021 , 193 , 19. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Quek, C.S.; Ngadi, N.; Ahmad Zaini, M.A. The Oil-Absorbing Properties of Kapok Fibre—A Commentary. J. Taibah Univ. Sci. 2020 , 14 , 507–512. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Nasruddin; Setianto, W.B.; Yohanes, H.; Atmaji, G.; Lanjar; Yanto, D.H.Y.; Wulandari, E.P.; Wiranata, A.; Ibrahim, B. Characterization of Natural Rubber, Styrene Butadiene Rubber, and Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Monomer Blend Composites Loaded with Zinc Stearate to Be Used in the Solid Tire Industry. Appl. Sci. 2023 , 13 , 1277. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Mostoni, S.; Milana, P.; Di Credico, B.; D’arienzo, M.; Scotti, R. Zinc-Based Curing Activators: New Trends for Reducing Zinc Content in Rubber Vulcanization Process. Catalysts 2019 , 9 , 664. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Monteiro, H.; Ribeiro, I.; Gonçalves, M.; Iten, M.; Caetano, N.S. Life Cycle Energy and Carbon Analysis of a Road-Safety Barrier Produced Using Recycled Tire Rubber. Energy Rep. 2022 , 8 , 270–276. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Mora, C.; McKenzie, T.; Gaw, I.M.; Dean, J.M.; von Hammerstein, H.; Knudson, T.A.; Setter, R.O.; Smith, C.Z.; Webster, K.M.; Patz, J.A.; et al. Over Half of Known Human Pathogenic Diseases Can Be Aggravated by Climate Change. Nat. Clim. Chang. 2022 , 12 , 869–875. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
• Yuan, Y.; Lin, W.; Xiao, Y.; Yu, B.; Wang, W. Advancements in Flame-Retardant Systems for Rigid Polyurethane Foam. Molecules 2023 , 28 . [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ] [ PubMed ]
• Smith, S.J.; Pitchera, H.; Wigley, T.M.L. Global and Regional Anthropogenic Sulfur Dioxide Emissions. Glob. Planet. Chang. 2001 , 29 , 99–119. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Lansche, J.; Awiszus, S.; Latif, S.; Müller, J. Potential of Biogas Production from Processing Residues to Reduce Environmental Impacts from Cassava Starch and Crisp Production—A Case Study from Malaysia. Appl. Sci. 2020 , 10 , 2975. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Pagliaro, M. Renewable Energy in Russia: A Critical Perspective. Energy Sci. Eng. 2021 , 9 , 950–957. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
• Johnsson, F.; Kjärstad, J.; Rootzén, J. The Threat to Climate Change Mitigation Posed by the Abundance of Fossil Fuels. Clim. Policy 2019 , 19 , 258–274. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]

Click here to enlarge figure

Share and Cite

Ružickij, R.; Romagnoli, F.; Grubliauskas, R. Waste Tyre Textile Fibre Composite Material: Acoustic Performance and Life Cycle Assessment. Sustainability 2024 , 16 , 6281. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156281

Ružickij R, Romagnoli F, Grubliauskas R. Waste Tyre Textile Fibre Composite Material: Acoustic Performance and Life Cycle Assessment. Sustainability . 2024; 16(15):6281. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156281

Ružickij, Robert, Francesco Romagnoli, and Raimondas Grubliauskas. 2024. "Waste Tyre Textile Fibre Composite Material: Acoustic Performance and Life Cycle Assessment" Sustainability 16, no. 15: 6281. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156281

Article Metrics

Article access statistics, further information, mdpi initiatives, follow mdpi.

Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals

We fact-checked some of the rumors spreading online about the Trump assassination attempt

• Medium Text

MISIDENTIFIED SHOOTERS

Altered images, false claims shooting was staged, predictive programming conspiracy theories.

Reporting by Seana Davis; additional reporting Esther Chan; editing by Stephanie Burnett and Christina Agnagnostopoulos

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles. , opens new tab

Fact Check: Transgender woman misidentified as Trump shooter

A photo misidentifying the suspect who allegedly tried to assassinate former U.S. President Donald Trump went viral in posts online that said the shooter was transgender.