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Volume 10, Issue 05 (May 2021)
Smart assistive device for speech impaired using silent sound technology.
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- Article Download / Views: 1,114
- Authors : Diana John Esther , Gayathri G. R , Dhanya Mathew , Kripa Binoy, Neha S. S
- Paper ID : IJERTV10IS050190
- Volume & Issue : Volume 10, Issue 05 (May 2021)
- Published (First Online): 24-05-2021
- ISSN (Online) : 2278-0181
- Publisher Name : IJERT
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Diana John Esther
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Marian Engineering College Trivandrum, Kerala
Gayathri G.R
Kripa Binoy
Dhanya Mathew
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Marian Engineering College
Trivandrum, Kerala
Abstract:- One of the beautiful creation of god is human beings who have been fortunate to have senses like vision and speech. But some humans are unfortunate to have this blessing. Speech impaired people are greatly affected as they cannot communicate effectively as in the case of normal people by verbal means.Here speech impaired people communicate using sign language to communicate with others. But others who does not have the prior knowledge of what sign language is, find it very tough to understand what speech impaired person is trying to express. Smart assistive device can help speech impaired people to effectively communicate with others. This device can help people who have undergone surgery such as laryngectomy, a surgical removal of larynx which is usually done when person suffers from a critical accident or throat cancer. Using the smart assistive device it decodes the movement of lips and then convert it to text and audio. The listener on the other end can be either a normal person or a hearing impaired person. Here normal person can hear the audio of the spoken word and hearing impaired person can see the word displayed on the screen.
compared with pre-prepared database and releases output such as text and voice.
EXISTING SYSTEM
In the existing system it involves use of ultrasound probe, camera and a silent vocoder. Here image of vocal cords are taken from ultrasound probe and along with this the movement of lips are captured using camera. The captured images of lip and tongue movement are then given to lip reader. Lip reader then compares the input image with pre- stored images and if a match is found it generates a visual speech signal. This visual speech signal is then given to a silent vocoder. The silent vocoder consists of an HMM based visuo-phonetic decoder, audio-visual selection unit
,concatenation of the selected units, HNM based prosodic adaptation. Then the silent vocoder converts the visual speech into spoken words.
INTRODUCTION
Communication is an important characteristic of human behaviour and embodies human beings ability to convey information, feelings, opinions to others. The main aspect of communication is that the receiver has to understand what the sender is trying to communicate. In the case of speech impaired person they communicate with others using sign language a visual means of communicating using hand signals,gestures and facial expressions. Here the person on the other end find it difficult very difficult to understand what the other person is saying if he or she does not have the prior knowledge of sign language. This project is proposed to ease the communication between speech impaired person and normal person. In this project speech impaired persons lip movements are analyzed and
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
RASPBERRY PI 4 MODEL B
It comes with a Gigabit Ethernet, along with the onboard wireless networking and Bluetooth. It has also upgraded its USB capacity, along with two USB 2 ports, two USB 3
ports are also added, which can make transfer data ten times faster.
Specifications
Broadcom BCM2711, Quad coreCortex-A72 (ARM v8) 64-bit SoC @ 1.5GHz
2GB, 4GB or 8GB LPDDR4-3200 SDRAM
(depending on model)
2-lane MIPI DSI display port
2-lane MIPI CSI camera port
4-pole stereo audio and composite video port
H.265 (4kp60 decode), H264 (1080p60 decode, 1080p30 encode)
OpenGL ES 3.0 graphics
Micro-SD card slot for loading operating system and data storage
5V DC via USB-C connector (minimum 3A*)
5V DC via GPIO header (minimum 3A*)
Operating temperature: 0 50 degrees Cambient
RASPBERRY PI 5MP CAMERA
The Raspberry Pi Camera Board plugs directly into the CSI connector on the Raspberry Pi. It is able to deliver a crystal clear 5MP resolution image, or 1080p HD video recording at 30fps. The Raspberry Pi Camera Board features a 5MP Omnivision 5647 sensor in a fixed focus module.
The module attaches to Raspberry Pi, by way of a 15 Pin Ribbon Cable,to the dedicated 15-pin MIPI Camera Serial Interface (CSI), which was designed especially for
1V. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
TensorFlow is a machine learning software library that is both free and open-source. It can be used for a multitude of activities, but its best known for deep neural network training and inference. Tensor flow is a symbolic math library that uses dataflow and distinguishable programming to solve problems.
TensorFlow is a cross-platform programming language. It works on a wide range of systems, including GPUs and CPUs, as well as handheld and embedded platforms and even tensor processing units (TPUs)
The TensorFlow distributed execution engine abstracts away the many compatible devices and provides the TensorFlow framework with a high-performance core written in C++.
Keras is TensorFlow 2 is high-level API: a user-friendly, highly efficient platform for resolving machine learning problems with an emphasis on modern deep learning. It provides the necessary abstractions and basics for designing and shipping high-iteration-rate machine learning solutions.
Engineers and developers can use Keras to fully exploit TensorFlows flexibility and trans capabilities: you can
execute Keras on TPUs or massive clusters of GPUs, and you can export Keras models to execute in the browser or on portable devices.
Layers and templates are Keras fundamental file formats. The Sequential model, which is a linear stack of layers, is the most basic type model. You can use the interfacing to cameras. The CSI bus is capable of extremely high data rates, and it exclusively carries pixel data to the BCM2835 processor. The board itself is tiny, at around 25mm x 20mm x
9mm, and weighs just over 3g, making it perfect for mobile or other applications where size and weight are important. The sensor itself has a native resolution of 5 megapixel, and has a fixed focus lens onboard. In terms of still images, the camera is capable of 2592 x 1944-pixel static images.
LCD DISPLAY
This 16 × 2 LCD packs 32 characters into an outline smaller than that of most two-line displays. An LED backlight enables optimal viewing in all lighting conditions. This unit uses the HD44780 interface found on most parallel character displays.
Keras operational API for more complex architectures, which allows you to construct arbitrary layer graphs or write models entirely from scratch through sub-classing.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
First speakerss video is captured using a camera.From the speakers video different frames(image) are obtained by stopping at single frequency.For example, a on sec video is converted into 30 frames/sec.From the set of frames face is localized in a video frame.Then localize the lip region as it increases the accuracy . OpenCV is used to localize the lip region OpenCV is a computer vision library, has very little support regarding neural networks/ deep learning. It can provide only computer vision/image processing utilities to your program, machine learning libraries like TensorFlow,scikit
-learn, caffe, etc.. have to be used to implement systems like LipNet . In the lip geometry based feature extraction the region of interest is the lips. Accordingly the mouth regions area is calculated. The height and width ratios of the mouth is used as features . These features are more applicable where the surrounding is more crowded area and contains lot of noise. Hence, in it only visual features are required.
In appearance based features the tongue, teeths are considered for lip movement detection. Since the geometry based features where having the drawbacks like detecting the mouth feature reliably, lighting conditions and many more, to overcome this appearance based features are considered.
It was an alternate way for the extraction of features using the pixel data as features . Improved Local Binary Pattern (ILBP) from the three of the orthogonal planes was considered for change in the time and the space of mouths region. The binary image of lip is also taken as the feature
taken the mouth opening which consisted of tongue and teeths as a feature. In which the teeth area was taken as the ROI and the contour of it was taken as the feature for further processes. The lips and mouth region are the visual parts of the human speech production system; these parts hold the most visual speech information,therefore,it is imperative for any VSR system to detect/localize such regions to capture the related visual information,i.e. we cannot read lips without seeing them first.It is then compared with the lip dictionary and if it is a match text and voice are released as outputs.
By using silent sound technology it results to notice every movement of lip and turn them into sounds which could help people to make silent calls without causing any inconvenience to others.Rather than making any sounds,this would decipher the movements your lips makes and,then convert this into speech that the person on the end can hear.So substantially it reads your lips. In the proposed system speech impaired person and normal person can communicate effectively. This device could also be used for assisting laryngectomized patient.
FUTURE SCOPE
In future this can be implemented as a mobile application, which brings in ease of communication and handy to carry. It will also allow people to make silent calls without bothering others.
Anish Kumar , Rakesh Raushan , Saurabh Aditya , Vishal Kumar Jaiswal , Mrs. Divyashree, An Innovative Communication System For Deaf, Dumb and Blind People Volume 5 Issue VI,
June 2017 IC Value: 45.98 ISSN: 2321-9653
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Electromyography And Image Processing in Silent Sound Technology: A Review
With the use of silent sound innovation, it should be possible for people who have lost their voices to communicate and hold intimate discussions without upsetting others by translating each lip movement into sound. Your phone would interpret your lip movements by detecting muscle action rather than producing sounds, and it would then translate this into speech that the person on the other end of the queue would appear to listen to. In a sense, it scans your lips. This cutting-edge method will be very helpful whenever someone loses their voice while speaking, allowing people to make quiet calls without agitating others and actually enabling us to share our Stick number with a trusted friend or family without worrying about almost being discovered. A unique processing is audible to the listener.
Sanni Hafiz Oluwasola. Silent Sound Technology. International Journal of Science and Research
(IJSR). Volume 6 Issue 4, April 2017; 1732-1735.
Hemant Kumar Kathania, Sudarsana Reddy Kadiri, Paavo Alku and Mikko Kurimo. Using Data
Augmentation and Time-Scale Modification to Improve ASR of Children’s Speech in Noisy Environments.
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(18), 8420; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11188420
P.Thirumal, L.Shylu Dafni Agnus, N.Sanjana, K.Yogajeeva and V. Namitha, Speech Recognition Using
Data Augmentation, International Conference on Advancements in Electrical, Electronics,
Communication, Computing and Automation (ICAECA), 2021, pp1-5.
S. Devi, S. Chokshi, K. Kotian and J. Warwatkar, Visual Speech Recognition,4th Biennial International
Conference on Nascent Technologies in Engineering (ICNTE), 2021, pp. 1-4.
Diana John Esther, G. R. Gayathri, Dhanya Mathew, Kripa Binoy, S. S Neha Smart Assistive Device
for Speech Impaired using Silent Sound Technology, International Journal of Engineering Research and
Technology (IJERT), Volume 10, 2021, Issue 05.
K.R.Swetha A survey on Silent Sound Technology Using Electromyography and Image
Processing,Volume63, 2020, Issue 05.
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Computational Techniques in Information and Communication Technologies (ICCTICT) 2016 Mar 11 (pp. 421-426).
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-6552). IEEE.
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SILENT SOUND TECHNOLOGY
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In this paper we approach to which could help people who lose voices to speak, and allow people to make silent calls without bothering others, rather than making any sounds, your handset would decipher the movements your mouth makes by measuring muscle activity, then convert this into speech that the person on the other end of the call can hear. So, basically, it reads our lips. Another important benefit of this technology is that it allows you to communicate to any person in the world as the electrical pulse is universal, it can be converted into any language depending upon the users choice.
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Silent Sound Technology-An End to Noisy Communication
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A survey on Silent Sound Technology Using Electromyography and Image Processing
- K. R. Swetha
We have a technology called silent sound technology which is quite interesting as one can talk to other person without actually uttering a word from one’s lips. Noise pollution is one of the major problems in malls, theatre’s and some public places etc. This noise pollution can be reduced using this new technology. The silent sound technology first came out from “Karlsruhe Institute of Technology”. This technology observes every lip movement of a person and then converts that muscle movements i.e., electrical pulse into the signals of sound and sends to the person on other end clearly without any disturbances that was there at the sender’s side. This technology helps to the people who have lost their voices but wants to talk on a mobile phone and for those who are in a crowd places but want to communicate on a phone. And the important thing is electrical pulse is universal hence it enables to communicate to any person across the world.
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Silent Sound Technology
Publication Date : 2017-04-05
Authors : Sanni Hafiz Oluwasola ;
Page : 1732 - 1735
Keywords : silent sound Technology ; electromyography EMG ; Electromagnetic ; Image processing ; Pre processing ; Information extraction ; ultrasound transducer ;
![silent sound technology research paper 2021 external](https://www.researchbib.com/sites/image/External-link-small.png)
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Waste tyre textile fibre composite material: acoustic performance and life cycle assessment.
![ORCID silent sound technology research paper 2021](https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/orcid.png?0465bc3812adeb52?1721815055)
1. Introduction
2. materials and methods, 2.1. method of sample preparation, 2.2. method of the determination of normal incidence sound absorption coefficient, 2.3. method of determination of airflow resistivity, 2.4. life cycle assessment methodology.
- Goal and Scope
- Functional Unit
- System Boundaries and Life Cycle Inventory
- Selected Impact Assessment Method
- Damage to human health, expressed as the number of years of life lost and years of life with disability. These values are combined as Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), an index used by the World Bank and the World Health Organisation. The unit of measurement is years.
- Damage to ecosystems, expressed as the loss of species in a certain area over a certain period of time. The unit of measurement is years.
- Resource damage, expressed as excess future resource production costs over an indefinite period, subject to a 3% discount rate. The unit of measurement is 2013 USD. It should be kept in mind that the lack of fossil resources does not have constant mid-to-endpoint indicators, but factors that are individual for each material.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. airflow resistivity and sem results of composite sound absorbing panels, 3.2. characterisation of acoustic parameters of composite sound absorbing panels, 3.3. interpretation of the results of the life cycle assessment.
- Determination of the Functional Unit
- Results of the Life Cycle Inventory
- Life Cycle Impact Assessment and Results Interpretation
- Scenario of Use of Renewable Energy Sources
- Modelling of Global Warming Potential
4. Conclusions
Author contributions, institutional review board statement, informed consent statement, data availability statement, acknowledgments, conflicts of interest.
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Click here to enlarge figure
Sample | WTTF, wt% | PU, wt% | PVA, wt% | H O, wt% | POS and H O Ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PU-10 | 90 | 10 | – | – | – |
PU-30 | 70 | 30 | – | – | – |
PU-50 | 50 | 50 | – | – | – |
PVA-10 | 90 | – | 5 | 5 | – |
PVA-30 | 70 | – | 15 | 15 | – |
PVA-50 | 50 | – | 25 | 25 | – |
POS-10 | 90 | – | – | – | 1:10 |
POS-30 | 70 | – | – | – | 1:10 |
POS-50 | 50 | – | – | – | 1:10 |
Density, kg/m | 75 | 100 | 125 | 150 |
Functional Unit (for 1 m panel), kg (eq) | 4.40 | 6.15 | 7.58 | 8.82 |
Process | End-of-life tyre recycling | |||||
Amount | Comments | |||||
Materials/Components | Measurement Unit | 75 kg/m | 100 kg/m | 125 kg/m | 150 kg/m | |
End-of-life tyres | kg | 64.76 | 90.71 | 111.77 | 130.20 | To recycle 1 tonne of end-of-life tyres, 150 kWh of electrical energy (data from the recycling facility) |
Electrical energy | kWh | 0.67 | 0.94 | 1.16 | 1.35 | |
Recycling residues | kg | 0.65 | 0.91 | 1.12 | 1.30 | 1.0% of the total amount |
Metals | kg | 9.5 | 13.2 | 16.3 | 19.0 | 14.75% of the total amount |
Rubber | kg | 50.2 | 70.3 | 86.6 | 100.9 | 78.25% of the total amount |
Waste tyre textile fibre | kg | 4.49 | 6.29 | 7.75 | 9.02 | 7.0% of the total amount |
Process | Waste tyre textile fibre transportation to the composite sound absorbing panel production facility | |||||
Amount of cargo transportation (WTTF) | tkm | 1.45 | 2.03 | 2.49 | 2.90 | Small-capacity truck (diesel, 3.5 litres, up to 7.5 tons, EURO5 standard; fibre transport distance 320 km, binder 11 km) |
Amount of cargo transportation (binders) | tkm | 6.36 × 10 | 8.32 × 10 | 9.64 × 10 | 1.07 × 10 | |
Process | Production of composite sound absorbing panels | |||||
Waste tyre textile fibre (with packaging) | kg | 4.54 | 6.33 | 7.79 | 9.07 | The quantity required for the production of one panel |
Electrical energy | kWh | 1.49 | 2.18 | 2.59 | 2.98 | Electricity is used for fibre drying (amount determined by electricity consumption metre) |
Polyurethane binder with hardener (with packaging) | kg | 0.70 | 0.92 | 1.06 | 1.18 | The amount of binder required for the production of one panel |
Polyvinyl acetate (with packaging) | kg | 0.50 | 0.72 | 0.86 | 0.98 | The amount of binder required for the production of one panel |
Starch (with packaging) | kg | 0.42 | 0.64 | 0.78 | 0.90 | The amount of binder required for the production of one panel |
Tap water | kg | 0.80 | 1.23 | 1.52 | 1.76 | For PVA and starch dilution |
Electrical energy | kWh | 5.76 | 8.04 | 9.91 | 11.52 | Electricity is used to dry the composite sound absorbing panel (amount determined by electricity consumption metre) |
Parchement paper | kg | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | For lining the mould |
Electrical energy | kWh | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.08 | Electricity is used to mix the components (amount determined by electricity consumption metre) |
Rubber residues | kg | 0.40 | 0.63 | 0.77 | 0.90 | Residues of rubber impurities after sieving (disposed) |
WTTF transportation bags | kg | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | PE bags |
Polyurethane resin and hardener packages | kg | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | FE packaging |
Polyvinyl acetate packaging | kg | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | PET packaging |
Starch packaging | kg | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | Paper bag |
Parchement paper | kg | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | |
Waste tyre textile fibre | kg | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.18 | 2.0% unused balance during production |
Composite sound absorbing panel | kg | 4.40 | 6.15 | 7.58 | 8.82 | Final product (mass corresponds to functional unit) |
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Share and Cite
Ružickij, R.; Romagnoli, F.; Grubliauskas, R. Waste Tyre Textile Fibre Composite Material: Acoustic Performance and Life Cycle Assessment. Sustainability 2024 , 16 , 6281. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156281
Ružickij R, Romagnoli F, Grubliauskas R. Waste Tyre Textile Fibre Composite Material: Acoustic Performance and Life Cycle Assessment. Sustainability . 2024; 16(15):6281. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156281
Ružickij, Robert, Francesco Romagnoli, and Raimondas Grubliauskas. 2024. "Waste Tyre Textile Fibre Composite Material: Acoustic Performance and Life Cycle Assessment" Sustainability 16, no. 15: 6281. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156281
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Speech Impaired using Silent Sound Technology, International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), Volume 10, 2021, Issue 05. [4] K.R.Swetha A survey on Silent Sound Technology Using Electromyography and Image Processing,Volume63, 2020, Issue 05.
Machine learning is a branch of Artificial Intelligence that deals with making a machine Intelligent. Machine learning is being broadly used in the areas of Computer vision, Speech Recognition and Natural language Processing. Deep Learning is that area of Machine learning research which specifically deals with training Artificial Neural Networks having deep architectures. In this paper we ...
2023 JETIR March 2023, Volume 10, Issue 3 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) JETIR2303497 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org e764 In the paper 'Silent sound technology - Needs and applications' by Shivangi Miglani, Shweta Kharbanda and Vaibhav Sundriyal
sound technology" is used. Silent audio technology is a technology that helps you transmit information without using your vocal cords. This technology is intended to provide a solution for those who have lost their voice for some reason and the elderly. This technology is useful if someone wants to pass on a confidential message to a trusted ...
Smart Assistive Device for Speech Impaired using Silent Sound Technology - written by Diana John Esther , Gayathri G. R , Dhanya Mathew published on 2021/05/24 download full article with reference data and citations ... INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY (IJERT) Volume 10, Issue 05 (May 2021), Open Access ; Article ...
Nowadays noise pollution is a growing problem in modern cities, thanks to rapid population growth, urbanization and new technologies. Moreover, at times, a noisy neighbor or co-worker can drive ...
for Speech Impaired using Silent Sound Technology, International Journal of Engineering Research and. Technology (IJERT), Volume 10, 2021, Issue 05. K.R.Swetha A survey on Silent Sound Technology Using Electromyography and Image. Processing,Volume63, 2020, Issue 05. Rathee N. A novel approach for lip reading based on neural network.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND RESEARCH (IJSPR) ISSN: 2349-4689 4th National Conference On Emerging Trends In Computer Science & Engineering (NCETCSE-2018) ... The Silent Sound Technology uses electromyography, monitoring tiny muscular movements that occur when we speak. Electromyography (EMG) is a technique for ...
Silent sound technology is an excellent solution for those who have lost their voice but wish to communicate by telephone. This technology allows people to make calls without producing sounds. Developed at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. This technology basically detects every movement of the lips and internally converts electrical pulses ...
IJNRD2304078 International Journal of Novel Research and Development (www.ijnrd.org) a629 SILENT SOUND TECHNOLOGY 1CH. Meghams,2M. Mounika,3M. Tejesh,4Yelithoti Sravana Kumar, 1,2,3U. G Scholars, Department of ECE, N S Raju Institute of Technology, Sontyam, ... The main objective of our paper is to help the people who
Silent sound technology is processed in two ways .They are A. Electromyography (EMG) B. Image Processing A. Electromyography Electromyography is a technique used in silent sound technology that monitors tiny muscular movements that occur when we speak and converting them into electrical pulses that can then
In this paper, a neural network is used for identifying emotions in speech with Toronto Emotional Speech Set(TESS), Surrey Audio-Visual Expressed Emotion(SAVEE), Ryerson Audio-Visual Database of Emotional Speech and Song(RAVDESS) datasets. The main aim is to focus on recognizing the silent characteristic and the useful features of audio signals. Convolutional neural networks is used for ...
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN: 2319-7064 SJIF (2022): 7.942 Volume 12 Issue 3, March 2023 ... Silent Sound technology will put an give up to embarrassing conditions along with someone answering his silence. Still, ... Paper ID: SR23228101746 DOI: 10.21275/SR23228101746 2 .
graphy(EMG)Image Processing Electromyography : The Silent Sound Technology uses electromyography, monitori. iny muscular movements that occur when we speak. Monitored signals are converted into electrical pulses that can. be turned into speech, without a sound uttered. Electromyography (EMG) is a technique for evaluating and recording t.
SILENT SOUND TECHNOLOGY Article Sidebar. PDF Main Article Content. SNEHAL S BADHE. Anuradha Engg college, Chikhli, India PRAJAKTA D MAHAJAN. Anuradha Engg college, Chikhli, India Abstract. In this paper we approach to which could help people who lose voices to speak, and allow people to make silent calls without bothering others, rather than ...
Silent sound technology is the perfect solution for the people who lost their voices but wish to speak on mobile devices. This device is developed by Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany. It uses Electromyography and Image Processing for monitoring the tiny muscular movements that occur when we speak and converting them into electrical ...
In the silent sound technology the output of this image processing is an audio record. Most image-processing techniques involve treating the image as a two-dimensional signal and applying standard signal-processing techniques to it. Figure 3 shows how image processing works in case of silent sound technology.
We have a technology called silent sound technology which is quite interesting as one can talk to other person without actually uttering a word from one's lips. Noise pollution is one of the major problems in malls, theatre's and some public places etc. This noise pollution can be reduced using this new technology. The silent sound technology first came out from "Karlsruhe Institute of ...
Abstract. Silent sound technology SST has be introduced to put end to noise pollution and help the people that have lost their voice and cannot speak on mobile phone. This device is developed at Karlsruhe institute of technology and expected to be see in near feature. This device will notice the lip movement inform of electrical impulse and ...
JETIREXPLORE - Search Thousands of research papers. ... Silent Sound Technology, Electromyography, Image Processing. Published in: Volume 10 Issue 3 March-2023 eISSN: 2349-5162. UGC and ISSN approved 7.95 impact factor UGC Approved Journal no 63975. 7.95 impact factor calculated by Google scholar
The development of new sound absorbing materials and the transition to net zero emissions production have become inseparable. This paper investigates a new type of composite sound absorbing material made of waste tyre textile fibre (WTTF) and different binders: polyurethane resin (PU), polyvinyl acetate (PVA), and starch (POS). Non-acoustic and acoustic parameters were studied, and life cycle ...
Misinformation and conspiracy theories were spreading online after an assassination attempt on former U.S. President Donald Trump at a campaign rally on Saturday.
SILENT SOUND TECHNOLOGY YAMINI.A Student Computer Science and Engineering R. M. D Engineering College, Chennai, India. ... Aim of this research work is to analyze and understand -every movement of the lips and facial expressions then transform them into text and audio output: Capturing the video using an integrated camera and process it based ...