rationale example of research

How to Write the Rationale for a Research Paper

• Research Process
• Peer Review

A research rationale answers the big SO WHAT? that every adviser, peer reviewer, and editor has in mind when they critique your work. A compelling research rationale increases the chances of your paper being published or your grant proposal being funded. In this article, we look at the purpose of a research rationale, its components and key characteristics, and how to create an effective research rationale.

Updated on September 19, 2022

The rationale for your research is the reason why you decided to conduct the study in the first place. The motivation for asking the question. The knowledge gap. This is often the most significant part of your publication. It justifies the study's purpose, novelty, and significance for science or society. It's a critical part of standard research articles as well as funding proposals.

Essentially, the research rationale answers the big SO WHAT? that every (good) adviser, peer reviewer, and editor has in mind when they critique your work.

A compelling research rationale increases the chances of your paper being published or your grant proposal being funded. In this article, we look at:

• the purpose of a research rationale
• its components and key characteristics
• how to create an effective research rationale

What is a research rationale?

Think of a research rationale as a set of reasons that explain why a study is necessary and important based on its background. It's also known as the justification of the study, rationale, or thesis statement.

Essentially, you want to convince your reader that you're not reciting what other people have already said and that your opinion hasn't appeared out of thin air. You've done the background reading and identified a knowledge gap that this rationale now explains.

A research rationale is usually written toward the end of the introduction. You'll see this section clearly in high-impact-factor international journals like Nature and Science. At the end of the introduction there's always a phrase that begins with something like, "here we show..." or "in this paper we show..." This text is part of a logical sequence of information, typically (but not necessarily) provided in this order:

Here's an example from a study by Cataldo et al. (2021) on the impact of social media on teenagers' lives.

Note how the research background, gap, rationale, and objectives logically blend into each other.

The authors chose to put the research aims before the rationale. This is not a problem though. They still achieve a logical sequence. This helps the reader follow their thinking and convinces them about their research's foundation.

Elements of a research rationale

We saw that the research rationale follows logically from the research background and literature review/observation and leads into your study's aims and objectives.

This might sound somewhat abstract. A helpful way to formulate a research rationale is to answer the question, “Why is this study necessary and important?”

Generally, that something has never been done before should not be your only motivation. Use it only If you can give the reader valid evidence why we should learn more about this specific phenomenon.

A well-written introduction covers three key elements:

• What's the background to the research?
• What has been done before (information relevant to this particular study, but NOT a literature review)?
• Research rationale

Now, let's see how you might answer the question.

1. This study complements scientific knowledge and understanding

Discuss the shortcomings of previous studies and explain how'll correct them. Your short review can identify:

• Methodological limitations . The methodology (research design, research approach or sampling) employed in previous works is somewhat flawed.

Example : Here , the authors claim that previous studies have failed to explore the role of apathy “as a predictor of functional decline in healthy older adults” (Burhan et al., 2021). At the same time, we know a lot about other age-related neuropsychiatric disorders, like depression.

Their study is necessary, then, “to increase our understanding of the cognitive, clinical, and neural correlates of apathy and deconstruct its underlying mechanisms.” (Burhan et al., 2021).

• Contextual limitations . External factors have changed and this has minimized or removed the relevance of previous research.

Example : You want to do an empirical study to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of tourists visiting Sicily. Previous studies might have measured tourism determinants in Sicily, but they preceded COVID-19.

• Conceptual limitations . Previous studies are too bound to a specific ideology or a theoretical framework.

Example : The work of English novelist E. M. Forster has been extensively researched for its social, political, and aesthetic dimensions. After the 1990s, younger scholars wanted to read his novels as an example of gay fiction. They justified the need to do so based on previous studies' reliance on homophobic ideology.

This kind of rationale is most common in basic/theoretical research.

2. This study can help solve a specific problem

Here, you base your rationale on a process that has a problem or is not satisfactory.

For example, patients complain about low-quality hospital care on weekends (staff shortages, inadequate attention, etc.). No one has looked into this (there is a lack of data). So, you explore if the reported problems are true and what can be done to address them. This is a knowledge gap.

Or you set out to explore a specific practice. You might want to study the pros and cons of several entry strategies into the Japanese food market.

It's vital to explain the problem in detail and stress the practical benefits of its solution. In the first example, the practical implications are recommendations to improve healthcare provision.

In the second example, the impact of your research is to inform the decision-making of businesses wanting to enter the Japanese food market.

This kind of rationale is more common in applied/practical research.

3. You're the best person to conduct this study

It's a bonus if you can show that you're uniquely positioned to deliver this study, especially if you're writing a funding proposal .

For an anthropologist wanting to explore gender norms in Ethiopia, this could be that they speak Amharic (Ethiopia's official language) and have already lived in the country for a few years (ethnographic experience).

Or if you want to conduct an interdisciplinary research project, consider partnering up with collaborators whose expertise complements your own. Scientists from different fields might bring different skills and a fresh perspective or have access to the latest tech and equipment. Teaming up with reputable collaborators justifies the need for a study by increasing its credibility and likely impact.

When is the research rationale written?

You can write your research rationale before, or after, conducting the study.

In the first case, when you might have a new research idea, and you're applying for funding to implement it.

Or you're preparing a call for papers for a journal special issue or a conference. Here , for instance, the authors seek to collect studies on the impact of apathy on age-related neuropsychiatric disorders.

In the second case, you have completed the study and are writing a research paper for publication. Looking back, you explain why you did the study in question and how it worked out.

Although the research rationale is part of the introduction, it's best to write it at the end. Stand back from your study and look at it in the big picture. At this point, it's easier to convince your reader why your study was both necessary and important.

How long should a research rationale be?

The length of the research rationale is not fixed. Ideally, this will be determined by the guidelines (of your journal, sponsor etc.).

The prestigious journal Nature , for instance, calls for articles to be no more than 6 or 8 pages, depending on the content. The introduction should be around 200 words, and, as mentioned, two to three sentences serve as a brief account of the background and rationale of the study, and come at the end of the introduction.

If you're not provided guidelines, consider these factors:

• Research document : In a thesis or book-length study, the research rationale will be longer than in a journal article. For example, the background and rationale of this book exploring the collective memory of World War I cover more than ten pages.
• Research question : Research into a new sub-field may call for a longer or more detailed justification than a study that plugs a gap in literature.

Which verb tenses to use in the research rationale?

It's best to use the present tense. Though in a research proposal, the research rationale is likely written in the future tense, as you're describing the intended or expected outcomes of the research project (the gaps it will fill, the problems it will solve).

Example of a research rationale

Research question : What are the teachers' perceptions of how a sense of European identity is developed and what underlies such perceptions?

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology , 3(2), 77-101.

Burhan, A.M., Yang, J., & Inagawa, T. (2021). Impact of apathy on aging and age-related neuropsychiatric disorders. Research Topic. Frontiers in Psychiatry

Cataldo, I., Lepri, B., Neoh, M. J. Y., & Esposito, G. (2021). Social media usage and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence: A review. Frontiers in Psychiatry , 11.

CiCe Jean Monnet Network (2017). Guidelines for citizenship education in school: Identities and European citizenship children's identity and citizenship in Europe.

Cohen, l, Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2018). Research methods in education . Eighth edition. London: Routledge.

de Prat, R. C. (2013). Euroscepticism, Europhobia and Eurocriticism: The radical parties of the right and left “vis-à-vis” the European Union P.I.E-Peter Lang S.A., Éditions Scientifiques Internationales.

European Commission. (2017). Eurydice Brief: Citizenship education at school in Europe.

Polyakova, A., & Fligstein, N. (2016). Is European integration causing Europe to become more nationalist? Evidence from the 2007–9 financial crisis. Journal of European Public Policy , 23(1), 60-83.

Winter, J. (2014). Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning: The Great War in European Cultural History . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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How do you Write the Rationale for Research?

• By DiscoverPhDs
• October 21, 2020

What is the Rationale of Research?

The term rationale of research means the reason for performing the research study in question. In writing your rational you should able to convey why there was a need for your study to be carried out. It’s an important part of your research paper that should explain how your research was novel and explain why it was significant; this helps the reader understand why your research question needed to be addressed in your research paper, term paper or other research report.

The rationale for research is also sometimes referred to as the justification for the study. When writing your rational, first begin by introducing and explaining what other researchers have published on within your research field.

Having explained the work of previous literature and prior research, include discussion about where the gaps in knowledge are in your field. Use these to define potential research questions that need answering and explain the importance of addressing these unanswered questions.

The rationale conveys to the reader of your publication exactly why your research topic was needed and why it was significant . Having defined your research rationale, you would then go on to define your hypothesis and your research objectives.

Final Comments

Defining the rationale research, is a key part of the research process and academic writing in any research project. You use this in your research paper to firstly explain the research problem within your dissertation topic. This gives you the research justification you need to define your research question and what the expected outcomes may be.

Starting your PhD can feel like a daunting, exciting and special time. They’ll be so much to think about – here are a few tips to help you get started.

A science investigatory project is a science-based research project or study that is performed by school children in a classroom, exhibition or science fair.

The term research instrument refers to any tool that you may use to collect, measure and analyse research data.

Join thousands of other students and stay up to date with the latest PhD programmes, funding opportunities and advice.

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Find out the different dissertation and thesis binding options, which is best, advantages and disadvantages, typical costs, popular services and more.

When you should and shouldn’t capitalise the names of chemical compounds and their abbreviations is not always clear.

Sara is currently in the 4th year of the Physics Doctoral Program at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York. Her research investigates quantum transport properties of 2D electron systems.

Dr Day gained her PhD Physical Chemistry at the University of Nottingham in 2000. She is now a Science & Fiction writer, an Associate Editor at PseudoPod.org and runs the blog ‘The Chronicle Flask’ about all things chemistry.

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Rationale for Research: Writing Tips & Examples

The rationale for research justifies the need for a study and its potential contributions. It highlights gaps in existing knowledge and aims to fill those gaps. A well-crafted rationale increases the chances of publication success and funding approval. The rationale typically follows a logical sequence from literature review to research objectives. Its length varies based on the type of research document, ranging from a few sentences to several pages .

📘 Guidelines for Writing the Rationale for Research

📏 length.

• Scope : The length of the rationale can vary depending on the overall length of the research proposal or paper .
• Detail : Typically, the rationale should be concise and focused, ranging from a few sentences to a page or two(typically 4-10 sentences ).
• Purpose : Aim to provide enough detail to justify the importance and relevance of the study without being overly lengthy or repetitive.

📍 Position

• Placement : The rationale is usually positioned early in the research proposal or paper, often following the introduction or background section.
• Sequence : It should come after the research question or hypothesis has been clearly stated, as the rationale aims to justify why the research question is important and worth investigating.
• Integration : In some cases, the rationale may be integrated into the introduction or background section, rather than being a separate section.

🔗 Transition Words

• Function : Transition words help to connect ideas and create a logical flow in the rationale.
• Contrast/Gaps : “However,” “Despite,” “While,” “Although”
• Logical Connection : “Therefore,” “Thus,” “Consequently,” “As a result”
• Addition of Points : “Moreover,” “Furthermore,” “In addition”
• Purposeful Action : “To address this gap,” “To fill this need,” “To bridge this gap”

📝 Example of a Well-Drafted Rationale

• “Despite the growing prevalence of obesity among children, current interventions have shown limited long-term effectiveness. [Transition: However,] recent studies suggest that family-based interventions targeting both diet and physical activity may be more promising. [Transition: Therefore,] the proposed study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a novel family-based intervention program for treating childhood obesity, which combines nutrition education, physical activity promotion, and parent-child bonding activities. [Transition: Moreover,] the study will assess the long-term maintenance of weight loss and lifestyle changes, which has been a major challenge in previous interventions. [Transition: To address this gap,] the findings of this study could inform the development of more effective and sustainable interventions for childhood obesity, ultimately improving the health and well-being of children and their families.”

In this example, the rationale is concise (one paragraph), positioned after the background information on childhood obesity, and uses transition words ( however, therefore, moreover, to address this gap ) to create a logical flow and connection between ideas.

Rationale for Research Practices: Good vs. Bad

Rationale for Research-Good Research Practices Across Disciplines

Let’s go deeper into writing a good research rationale. You’ll learn the structure, important parts, and ways to make a strong point. This guide helps both seasoned researchers and beginners. You’ll learn to make your research matter and interest your readers with its significance .

What is a Rationale for Research?

knowledge gap the study wants to fill and its possible contribution to literature .

Overview of the Research Rationale

A solid research rationale starts with careful literature review analysis. This step identifies areas where the knowledge base is incomplete. It makes sure the new research does something novel. 1 The rationale sums up key points from previous studies. It talks about what we’re still not sure about or which results are mixed. It shows how the new study will add to what’s already known.

Significance and Novelty of Research

The research rationale underlines the study’s significance and novelty . It should explain the practical and theoretical benefits the study offers. 2 Take, for example, Cataldo et al.’s (2021) research on social media and teens. This study might discuss its real-world impacts and its input to theories about teen and tech use. 2

Rationales can also show a study’s practical benefits .Like, Burhan et al. (2021) could explain how their study on apathy aids with new elderly care interventions .

When is the Rationale for Research Written?

The rationale for research is key at different times in research. It’s crucial early on or after a study ends. At each point, it has a specific role.

Before the Research: Research Proposal

Before starting a research project, the rationale for research is vital. It’s a big part of the research proposal . Here, the rationale lays out the study’s plan, goals, and significance .

After the Research: Research Paper or Dissertation

After the study is over, the rationale for research goes in the final research paper or dissertation . It explains why the research focused on certain aims and how the results fit the bigger picture.

It doesn’t matter if it’s early or late, the rationale for research is crucial. It shows why the study matters, making readers see its worth for the field.

Basis for Writing the Research Rationale

Creating a strong research rationale starts with a detailed literature review . This means deeply looking into past studies. It helps you spot where there’s not enough information in the current knowledge about your topic.By carefully checking what’s already known, a literature review ensures your study will add something new. It won’t just repeat what others have done before. 1

Literature Review

A thorough literature review is key to solid research reasoning. It lets you pull together the main points from studies that have gone before. This way, you really understand what is known about your study area. 1 This stop you from covering old ground but also shows what needs more looking into. This sets up your research to bring a fresh perspective. 3

Identifying Gaps in Knowledge

Finding where there is still knowledge to be found is one big goal of the literature review . These gaps might be due to different or unclear findings, study restrictions, or lack of research for certain groups. 1 By recognizing these knowledge gaps , your study becomes important. It tries to answer key questions and push the field forward. 3

Avoiding Duplication

Another goal is to make sure you’re not just repeating what’s already known. The literature review is crucial in this. It shows you what’s been done already and lets you check your approach to be unique. 1 This step helps avoid doing work that’s already been covered. It opens the door for new ideas, building on existing knowledge.

Length of the Research Rationale

The length of the research rationale in a research proposal or article is typically a few sentences 1 . But for a thesis or dissertation , it could be a couple of paragraphs.

How long the research rationale length is can change. It depends on the field or how new and unusual the idea is 1 . A very new idea might need more explaining than something continuing existing research 2 .

The prestigious journal Nature specifies that articles should ideally be no more than 6 to 8 pages long, with the introduction being around 200 words including a brief account of the background and rationale of the study.

In some cases like a thesis or a lengthy book study, the research rationale can be quite long. It might even be more than ten pages, depending on the details.

The length of the research rationale is often set by the journal or sponsor’s rules 2 .

Basic Elements of the Research Rationale

A well-crafted research rationale sets the stage for a successful study. It justifies the investigation with solid reasons. This reason should show the importance and originality of the work you want to do.

Literature Review Conclusions

It’s critical to summarize what’s already known in your field. This summary helps put your study in context. It also helps you see what needs to be researched further, known as research gaps and knowledge gaps .

Knowledge Gaps

Looking at past studies should show where we need more information. These areas without enough data give a good reason to continue researching. By finding and talking about these knowledge gaps , you can make sure your study brings something new.

Controversial or Inconclusive Findings

Sometimes, past research doesn’t give clear answers. It might even have different or uncertain results. In these cases, your study could help by clarifying or solving these issues.

Building on Previous Research

Your research should aim to add to what we already know. It can be about any new questions, updating old ideas, or using new technology for more insights. This approach shows the value in your work.

By combining these essential elements, your research’s foundation becomes strong. It makes a clear case for the study’s unique contribution and importance .

Example of a Research Rationale

Abc xyz is a new microalgae species found in fish tanks. It’s getting attention for lots of carotenoids and a special carotenoid profile . Although Abc xyz algae have worried fish farmers, some studies show they could help aquaculture .

In this genus, only a few microalgal species have been studied for carotenoid content . So far, they haven’t found great sources of these healthy compounds. 4 Studying Abc xyz’s carotenoid profile will help us find new and useful carotenoids. They could be a great natural source for aquaculture . 4

Every research rationale should mention previous findings, gaps in knowledge, and new research questions. This is to update what we know and make it better.

A research rationale can be over ten pages in a thesis . It depends on the topic’s depth. 2 Dissertations might have even longer explanations, maybe a few paragraphs.

• Preliminary data from a literature review helps make the study’s reasons clear. It also stops us from repeating things we already know.
• Research that brings together different fields can be very powerful. It makes the work more trustworthy and important.
• Working with well-known partners makes our studies more reliable. It also helps show why our research is needed.

Importance of Describing the Research Rationale

Explaining why you are doing research is key. It shows the big picture and new ideas of your project. When you tell people why you’re studying something, it makes them see how important and needed your work is. It’s important to share your research’s purpose clearly.

Why you are researching something is really important, especially in a research proposal . But, keep it short, a few sentences are enough. However, for a thesis or dissertation , you might get to talk more about it. You could use a couple of paragraphs to explain in more detail.

To build a strong research rationale , start with a deep look at the literature. Studying what’s already out there helps you find where new studies are needed. This way, your research can truly add something new and not just repeat what others have done.

A solid research rationale should talk about key findings from the literature, points not yet looked into, and areas where old studies don’t agree. It should also explain why more research in this area is needed.

Showing the need for your research makes it more important and valuable. By clearly explaining why your work is needed, you increase its chance of getting recognized by researchers.

Writing a Clear and Concise Rationale

To explain your research’s purpose and what it means, crafting a clear and short rationale is key. The problem-solution-rationale model is a good way to do this. First, point out the problem or issue. Then, suggest a solution. Finally, show why that solution is the right one.

Problem-Solution-Rationale Model

The model makes your ideas clear and logical. Start by clearly stating the problem or gap in knowledge. Then, talk about your solution. This could be a new approach or method. At the end, explain why your choice is the best to solve the problem.

Language for Signaling Rationale

Using certain phrases can show your rationale clearly. Phrases like “in order to,” “for the following reasons,” and “the reason this was done” work well. They make your argument stronger and easier to follow.

A good rationale for research is brief but persuasive. It highlights why your work matters. Using the problem-solution-rationale model and clear language can make your rationale effective. This is important for starting off your research on the right foot. 3

Justifying the Rationale

Showing a strong rationale justification is vital for your research to make an impact. It proves why your study matters and what it can offer the world. By explaining your study’s purpose clearly, you can highlight its big role in advancing what we know.

Showing Importance and Significance

To make your research’s rationale stand out, talk about its importance using phrases like “This was important because…” This shows how your study led to important results or met specific needs, making your work more valuable.

Say something like, “This was significant because it explored a topic not studied enough, which is key for moving our understanding forward. Or, “The importance was in challenging common beliefs, giving a new view on the issue we looked into.”

Linking your reasons to real results or filling knowledge gaps strengthens your work’s significance . It shows your study matters and adds real value to your field.

A well-explained rationale not just makes your research more trusted. It also opens doors for more discoveries, pushing knowledge forward.

A strong and clear rationale can help you gain support, be noticed, and create real impact in your area of study and even outside of it.

Tips for Effective Rationale Writing

Writing a good research rationale is key for academics. It helps you talk about your study’s rationale writing tips . You can show why your work matters and how it helps the field. Make sure you explain the “why” of your study clearly. This way, your rationale will catch your audience’s interest.

Getting help from academic writing pros is smart. They offer focused advice and tips on how to show your rationale well. This makes your writing more effective.

Every research rationale should include an overview of conclusions from a literature review , gaps in current knowledge, inconclusive or controversial findings from previous studies, and the need to build on previous research.

When writing your rationale, these rationale writing tips are important to remember:

• Clearly state the gaps in current knowledge that your study will fill.
• Show why your study’s results are crucial and how they can make a difference.
• Talk about how your research adds to what was already known in the field.
• Be clear and convincing to make your study’s importance clear to readers.

The rationale part should be easy to understand and to the point. It should explain the problem, your solution, and why your research matters. Using resources like guides for writing rationales can make your writing stronger.

Use these rationale writing tips and get advice from those with experience. This way, you can create a strong rationale. It will clearly show why your study is important.

Use services of www.editverse.com to write effective Rationale

Editverse.com offers top-notch academic editing services . They help researchers and scholars globally. 5 Their experts work on the rationale section of your papers, making sure it’s clear, coherent, and persuasive.

Making a strong rationale is tough, whether you’re new or experienced. Editverse.com has professional editing just for this. They help you show why your research is important in a clear and impactful way.

Editverse.com’s expert editors will closely look at your rationale. They make sure it: Clearly identifies gaps in existing knowledge Highlights the potential contributions of your study Persuasively justifies the need for your research

Using Editverse.com’s rationale editing makes your research rationale stand out. It boosts the quality of your work, ensuring it grabs your readers’ attention.

Editverse.com’s know-how helps you craft a rationale that shines. It clearly shows your research’s worth and importance.

The rationale for research is key in showing why a study is important. It explains the research’s goal, finds knowledge gaps , and shows its potential. This makes the study stand out for its innovation and value. 1

A strong, well-thought rationale can make your work more likely to be published. It needs to address what’s already known, any debates, and what’s next. By doing this, your research gains more credibility and impact.

No matter if it’s for a proposal, article, or thesis, a powerful rationale is vital. It sets the groundwork for your work’s significance and context. Spending time on this part can greatly enhance your work’s success and recognition in the academic world.

What is the rationale for research?

When is the research rationale written, what is the basis for writing the research rationale, how long should the research rationale be, what are the basic elements of the research rationale, why is it important to describe the research rationale, how can i write a clear and concise rationale, how can i justify the rationale, what are some tips for effective rationale writing, can professional editing services help with writing the research rationale, source links.

• https://www.editverse.com/write-clinical-case-report-step-by-step-guide/
• https://www.editverse.com/consort-guidelines-simplified-for-trial-reporting/
• ← How Do I Do a Review of Related Literature | Guides
• How to Write a Rebuttal Letter After Paper Rejection – Examples and Tips →

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How to Write a Study Rationale

Last Updated: May 19, 2023 Fact Checked

This article was co-authored by Jake Adams and by wikiHow staff writer, Jennifer Mueller, JD . Jake Adams is an academic tutor and the owner of Simplifi EDU, a Santa Monica, California based online tutoring business offering learning resources and online tutors for academic subjects K-College, SAT & ACT prep, and college admissions applications. With over 14 years of professional tutoring experience, Jake is dedicated to providing his clients the very best online tutoring experience and access to a network of excellent undergraduate and graduate-level tutors from top colleges all over the nation. Jake holds a BS in International Business and Marketing from Pepperdine University. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 59,099 times.

A study rationale explains the reason for a study and the importance of its findings for a particular field. Commonly, you'll need to write a study rationale as part of a university course of study, although you may also need to write one as a professional researcher to apply for funding or other support. As a student, your study rationale also justifies how it fulfills the requirements for your degree program or course of study. Do research before you write your study rationale so that you can discuss the previous work your study builds on and explain its significance to your field. Thorough research is also important in the professional context because your rationale will likely become part of the contract if funding or support is approved. [1] X Research source

Describing What You Hope to Accomplish

• For example, suppose you want to study how working the night shift affects the academic performance of college students who are taking classes during the day. A narrow question would measure a specific impact based on a specific amount of hours worked.

• Justify the methodology you're using. If there's another methodology that might accomplish the same result, describe it and explain why your methodology is superior — perhaps because it's more efficient, takes less time, or uses fewer resources. For example, you might get more information out of personal interviews, but creating an online questionnaire is more cost-effective.
• Particularly if you're seeking funding or support, this section of your rationale will also include details about the cost of your study and the facilities or resources you'll need. [3] X Research source

Tip: A methodology that is more complex, difficult, or expensive requires more justification than one that is straightforward and simple.

• For example, if you're studying the effect of working the night shift on academic performance, you might hypothesize that working 4 or more nights a week lowers students' grade point averages by more than 1 point.

• Use action words, such as "quantify" or "establish," when writing your goals. For example, you might write that one goal of your study is to "quantify the degree to which working at night inhibits the academic performance of college students."
• If you are a professional researcher, your objectives may need to be more specific and concrete. The organization you submit your rationale to will have details about the requirements to apply for funding and other support. [5] X Research source

Explaining Your Study's Significance

• Going into extensive detail usually isn't necessary. Instead, highlight the findings of the most significant work in the field that addressed a similar question.
• Provide references so that your readers can examine the previous studies for themselves and compare them to your proposed study.

• Methodological limitations: Previous studies failed to measure the variables appropriately or used a research design that had problems or biases
• Contextual limitations: Previous studies aren't relevant because circumstances have changed regarding the variables measured
• Conceptual limitations: Previous studies are too tied up in a specific ideology or framework

• For example, if a previous study had been conducted to support a university's policy that full-time students were not permitted to work, you might argue that it was too tied up in that specific ideology and that this biased the results. You could then point out that your study is not intended to advance any particular policy.

Tip: If you have to defend or present your rationale to an advisor or team, try to anticipate the questions they might ask you and include the answers to as many of those questions as possible.

Including Academic Proposal Information

• As a student, you might emphasize your major and specific classes you've taken that give you particular knowledge about the subject of your study. If you've served as a research assistant on a study with a similar methodology or covering a similar research question, you might mention that as well.
• If you're a professional researcher, focus on the experience you have in a particular field as well as the studies you've done in the past. If you have done studies with a similar methodology that were important in your field, you might mention those as well.

Tip: If you don't have any particular credentials or experience that are relevant to your study, tell the readers of your rationale what drew you to this particular topic and how you became interested in it.

• For example, if you are planning to conduct the study as fulfillment of the research requirement for your degree program, you might discuss any specific guidelines for that research requirement and list how your study meets those criteria.

• In most programs, there will be specific wording for you to include in your rationale if you're submitting it for a certain number of credits. Your instructor or advisor can help make sure you've worded this appropriately.

Study Rationale Outline and Example

Expert Q&A

• This article presents an overview of how to write a study rationale. Check with your instructor or advisor for any specific requirements that apply to your particular project. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

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• ↑ https://research.com/research/how-to-write-research-methodology
• ↑ https://ris.leeds.ac.uk/applying-for-funding/developing-your-proposal/resources-and-tips/key-questions-for-researchers/
• ↑ https://www.cwauthors.com/article/how-to-write-the-rationale-for-your-research
• ↑ http://www.writingcentre.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/167/Rationale.pdf
• ↑ https://www.niaid.nih.gov/grants-contracts/write-research-plan
• ↑ https://www.esc.edu/degree-planning-academic-review/degree-program/student-degree-planning-guide/rationale-essay-writing/writing-tips/

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15 Rationale Examples for Research Paper

In this article, we will discuss 15 different rationale examples for a research paper, covering a variety of topics and covering a range of issues. We will provide a brief discussion of the background to each rationale example and explain why it matters, both to the academic community and the wider world. In addition to the rationale examples, we will also include potential topics and outlines for research papers on each example.

Rationale examples for research paper

Social media has become increasingly pervasive in recent years, with studies showing that its daily use has become the norm for young people. The use of social media can have a range of impacts, both positive and negative, on an individual’s mental health. This rationale for research seeks to answer the question of what these impacts are and how they should be addressed by public health and mental health professionals.

Microaggressions are subtle but pervasive forms of discrimination, prejudice, and prejudice-based behaviors directed toward certain members of society. They can take the form of toxic comments, verbal or physical attacks, or modern implications. Research into this topic is important to understand how these behaviors affect the mental health of minorities and what strategies can be used to reduce this form of discrimination.

Rationale Example 3: Race and Inequality in Education

Research into the prevalence of racial profiling and discriminatory policing practices within the US criminal justice system is essential to understanding the unequal treatment of minority communities. This research looks at why this discrepancy exists and what requirements should be placed on law enforcement to reduce its occurrence.

Rationale Example 6: LGBTQ Rights

Research into the legal and social rights of the LGBTQ+ community is important to understanding the prejudice, discrimination, and violence directed towards this group of individuals. This research identifies the challenges to full civil rights for individuals and offers strategies to bridge the gaps. Rationale

As the Earth’s climate changes, particularly due to human-caused energy emissions, the disruption to natural systems is becoming more pronounced, posing a threat to biodiversity. Research into this topic is essential to understanding how climate change is impacting natural systems and what strategies can be employed to reduce its negative effects.

More rationale examples for research paper on the next page…

How to write the rationale of the study in a research paper?

The rationale of the study is written to describe the reasons for any research paper. It proffers a problem with apt solutions. It is a vital portion of any research paper as it explains the novelty and significance. It justifies the idea behind the research paper and is also called the justification of the study. The rationale is formed around the background of the study. All prior data present on the topic is presented to identify the gaps present in the literature. Rationale sets the tone and ideas of the study. A rationale needs to be meticulous and precise.

A rationale of the study eliminates from the literature

It is of utmost importance that the research paper should aid in eliminating the gaps present in the current literature. Moreover, it is compulsory to fill the voids present in the current pool of literature and revamp the present studies. But this does not mean that something totally new has to be invented in the field or the questions in the discussion. The idea is to provide fresh perspectives and angles which have not been discussed before.

Solving a specific problem

Research is conducted to solve the current problem. It can lay down a base for the implication of the specific problem and also highlight the benefits of solving such a problem with a specific solution. It should also be noted that at the time of conducting research it is not obligatory for research to be associated with a specific solution. The disquisition can be pure theory-based in nature.

Aiding a business

Research acts as a vantage point in identifying specific problems in a business structure. Research can aid in solving such problems and give a good advantage over competitors. Many businesses based on agriculture, engineering, and utility services thrive on innovation and needs constant jolts of novelty to keep floating. Many businesses conduct research to make consumer goods better and more efficient. Solving such problems can curb any hindrances which have been identified in the study or implement new solutions offered in the study to boost profitability.

It helps in knowledge creation

Identifying the gaps in the literature, providing solutions and discussing the precise problem in intricate detail expands the current pool of the literature. Analyzing the current methods and utilizing them to find new paths aids in the expansion of perspective. The disquisition can also act as a precursor for many new ideas and study cases. New or current opportunities can be gauged, seized and ultimately cashed on by research.

Development of relevant skills

Research helps in nourishing critical thinking, and inculcates creativity and time efficiency to enhance analytical skills. Conducting a study is mentally stimulating which is better for efficiency. Such a gamut of skills has long-lasting implications. Research helps in disclosing the truth and separating fabricated and underlying lies, the skills developed are essential for aspired career paths. The jolts of the invention enhance the intelligence quotient (IQ). These skills help in bringing revolution and help to make technological advancement a reality.

Professional development

The research lays down the rudimental base for the researcher’s career aspiration in the long term. Choosing an apt topic that is aligned with the study interest and career aspiration is important. Research answers in-depth knowledge on a particular topic contributes to increasing the chances of opportunities in a chosen career path. Furthermore, research is a great vacant point to identify a niche in the industry and gain ample and precise information regarding the subject and various aspects of the chosen industry.

Steps to follow while writing the rationale of the study

• The first few lines of the rationale of the study provide the background of the topic in such a way that it tingles the curiosity of the reader. Also, introduce the problem that has to be discussed.
• Briefly explain the problem that has to be addressed and what the research paper outcomes are. The detailed synopsis of the problem and what the study would tackle.
• Using bibliographic citations to strengthen the reasonings for conducting the research, also highlight the intended audience which will scrutinize the research or use it for further studies.
• The purpose of the work and how it will be utilized further.
• Writing should be as concise as possible, it should be written in such a way that it avoids pretentious writing and could be readily understood by the intended audience.
• Avoid using specialized complex jargon or technical terms lingering around the problem. Describe the problem thoroughly and keep the information specific.
• In a few lines also discuss the impact of the intended research and its implications and impact in the real world.
• Also, highlight the additional references and methodology utilized for the research. Do not assimilate them too much in the writing. Focus on providing concise information and arguments foremost.

The rationale of the study holds great importance as it sets the tone of the research and also intrigues a reader’s curiosity to dive into the work. It is necessary to formulate a robust rationale for any dissertation to enhance dissertations’ impact factor.

An example of how to write the rationale of the study

Topic: Role of international university partners in ensuring the quality of education in Indian Private Higher Education Institutes (PHEIs’).

Education is the backbone of a good society, as education provides the chance to have a good professional career as well as an improved quality of life in terms of economic and social well-being. Quality in education has received much attention in the last decade or so, seeing as there is an increased awareness among people to get educated to a high level of degree (Wilkins, 2010). This has led to an increased number of universities, state-owned as well as privately funded. As privately funded educational institutions have many stakeholders and have been established for a two-point agenda- impart education and gain profits- sometimes quality of education may not remain the most important priority. In India, there has been a steady increase in the number of private higher educational institutions, and these increased numbers of PHEIs’ have led to the substandard impartation of education, leading the students to gain incomplete skills and decreased chances of employability on the global front. Also, the role of foreign universities has been prominent in Indian higher education, but the extent of their role in quality education has not been properly examined. This study provides a chance to assess the quality of education and how these foreign universities are adding value to education through the internationalization of education. This study can, thus, become a benchmark in providing an understanding of how standards are set in Indian higher education institutions, as well as provide an assessment of how foreign university partners can help in assuring the quality of teaching in the universities and colleges of India. Thus, this study will help provide a detailed overview of the Indian PHEIs’ and assess their status in terms of the quality of teaching for imparting education in a better way.

• Priya Chetty

I am a management graduate with specialisation in Marketing and Finance. I have over 12 years' experience in research and analysis. This includes fundamental and applied research in the domains of management and social sciences. I am well versed with academic research principles. Over the years i have developed a mastery in different types of data analysis on different applications like SPSS, Amos, and NVIVO. My expertise lies in inferring the findings and creating actionable strategies based on them. 

Over the past decade I have also built a profile as a researcher on Project Guru's Knowledge Tank division. I have penned over 200 articles that have earned me 400+ citations so far. My Google Scholar profile can be accessed here . 

I now consult university faculty through Faculty Development Programs (FDPs) on the latest developments in the field of research. I also guide individual researchers on how they can commercialise their inventions or research findings. Other developments im actively involved in at Project Guru include strengthening the "Publish" division as a bridge between industry and academia by bringing together experienced research persons, learners, and practitioners to collaboratively work on a common goal. 

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Research Aims, Objectives & Questions

The “Golden Thread” Explained Simply (+ Examples)

By: David Phair (PhD) and Alexandra Shaeffer (PhD) | June 2022

The research aims , objectives and research questions (collectively called the “golden thread”) are arguably the most important thing you need to get right when you’re crafting a research proposal , dissertation or thesis . We receive questions almost every day about this “holy trinity” of research and there’s certainly a lot of confusion out there, so we’ve crafted this post to help you navigate your way through the fog.

Overview: The Golden Thread

• What is the golden thread
• What are research aims ( examples )
• What are research objectives ( examples )
• What are research questions ( examples )
• The importance of alignment in the golden thread

What is the “golden thread”?  

The golden thread simply refers to the collective research aims , research objectives , and research questions for any given project (i.e., a dissertation, thesis, or research paper ). These three elements are bundled together because it’s extremely important that they align with each other, and that the entire research project aligns with them.

Importantly, the golden thread needs to weave its way through the entirety of any research project , from start to end. In other words, it needs to be very clearly defined right at the beginning of the project (the topic ideation and proposal stage) and it needs to inform almost every decision throughout the rest of the project. For example, your research design and methodology will be heavily influenced by the golden thread (we’ll explain this in more detail later), as well as your literature review.

The research aims, objectives and research questions (the golden thread) define the focus and scope ( the delimitations ) of your research project. In other words, they help ringfence your dissertation or thesis to a relatively narrow domain, so that you can “go deep” and really dig into a specific problem or opportunity. They also help keep you on track , as they act as a litmus test for relevance. In other words, if you’re ever unsure whether to include something in your document, simply ask yourself the question, “does this contribute toward my research aims, objectives or questions?”. If it doesn’t, chances are you can drop it.

Alright, enough of the fluffy, conceptual stuff. Let’s get down to business and look at what exactly the research aims, objectives and questions are and outline a few examples to bring these concepts to life.

Research Aims: What are they?

Simply put, the research aim(s) is a statement that reflects the broad overarching goal (s) of the research project. Research aims are fairly high-level (low resolution) as they outline the general direction of the research and what it’s trying to achieve .

Research Aims: Examples  

True to the name, research aims usually start with the wording “this research aims to…”, “this research seeks to…”, and so on. For example:

“This research aims to explore employee experiences of digital transformation in retail HR.”   “This study sets out to assess the interaction between student support and self-care on well-being in engineering graduate students”  

As you can see, these research aims provide a high-level description of what the study is about and what it seeks to achieve. They’re not hyper-specific or action-oriented, but they’re clear about what the study’s focus is and what is being investigated.

Need a helping hand?

Research Objectives: What are they?

The research objectives take the research aims and make them more practical and actionable . In other words, the research objectives showcase the steps that the researcher will take to achieve the research aims.

The research objectives need to be far more specific (higher resolution) and actionable than the research aims. In fact, it’s always a good idea to craft your research objectives using the “SMART” criteria. In other words, they should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound”.

Research Objectives: Examples  

Let’s look at two examples of research objectives. We’ll stick with the topic and research aims we mentioned previously.  

For the digital transformation topic:

To observe the retail HR employees throughout the digital transformation. To assess employee perceptions of digital transformation in retail HR. To identify the barriers and facilitators of digital transformation in retail HR.

And for the student wellness topic:

To determine whether student self-care predicts the well-being score of engineering graduate students. To determine whether student support predicts the well-being score of engineering students. To assess the interaction between student self-care and student support when predicting well-being in engineering graduate students.

  As you can see, these research objectives clearly align with the previously mentioned research aims and effectively translate the low-resolution aims into (comparatively) higher-resolution objectives and action points . They give the research project a clear focus and present something that resembles a research-based “to-do” list.

Research Questions: What are they?

Finally, we arrive at the all-important research questions. The research questions are, as the name suggests, the key questions that your study will seek to answer . Simply put, they are the core purpose of your dissertation, thesis, or research project. You’ll present them at the beginning of your document (either in the introduction chapter or literature review chapter) and you’ll answer them at the end of your document (typically in the discussion and conclusion chapters).  

The research questions will be the driving force throughout the research process. For example, in the literature review chapter, you’ll assess the relevance of any given resource based on whether it helps you move towards answering your research questions. Similarly, your methodology and research design will be heavily influenced by the nature of your research questions. For instance, research questions that are exploratory in nature will usually make use of a qualitative approach, whereas questions that relate to measurement or relationship testing will make use of a quantitative approach.  

Let’s look at some examples of research questions to make this more tangible.

Research Questions: Examples  

Again, we’ll stick with the research aims and research objectives we mentioned previously.  

For the digital transformation topic (which would be qualitative in nature):

How do employees perceive digital transformation in retail HR? What are the barriers and facilitators of digital transformation in retail HR?  

And for the student wellness topic (which would be quantitative in nature):

Does student self-care predict the well-being scores of engineering graduate students? Does student support predict the well-being scores of engineering students? Do student self-care and student support interact when predicting well-being in engineering graduate students?  

You’ll probably notice that there’s quite a formulaic approach to this. In other words, the research questions are basically the research objectives “converted” into question format. While that is true most of the time, it’s not always the case. For example, the first research objective for the digital transformation topic was more or less a step on the path toward the other objectives, and as such, it didn’t warrant its own research question.  

So, don’t rush your research questions and sloppily reword your objectives as questions. Carefully think about what exactly you’re trying to achieve (i.e. your research aim) and the objectives you’ve set out, then craft a set of well-aligned research questions . Also, keep in mind that this can be a somewhat iterative process , where you go back and tweak research objectives and aims to ensure tight alignment throughout the golden thread.

The importance of strong alignment 

Alignment is the keyword here and we have to stress its importance . Simply put, you need to make sure that there is a very tight alignment between all three pieces of the golden thread. If your research aims and research questions don’t align, for example, your project will be pulling in different directions and will lack focus . This is a common problem students face and can cause many headaches (and tears), so be warned.

Take the time to carefully craft your research aims, objectives and research questions before you run off down the research path. Ideally, get your research supervisor/advisor to review and comment on your golden thread before you invest significant time into your project, and certainly before you start collecting data .  

Recap: The golden thread

In this post, we unpacked the golden thread of research, consisting of the research aims , research objectives and research questions . You can jump back to any section using the links below.

As always, feel free to leave a comment below – we always love to hear from you. Also, if you’re interested in 1-on-1 support, take a look at our private coaching service here.

Psst... there’s more!

This post was based on one of our popular Research Bootcamps . If you're working on a research project, you'll definitely want to check this out ...

41 Comments

Thank you very much for your great effort put. As an Undergraduate taking Demographic Research & Methodology, I’ve been trying so hard to understand clearly what is a Research Question, Research Aim and the Objectives in a research and the relationship between them etc. But as for now I’m thankful that you’ve solved my problem.

Well appreciated. This has helped me greatly in doing my dissertation.

An so delighted with this wonderful information thank you a lot.

so impressive i have benefited a lot looking forward to learn more on research.

I am very happy to have carefully gone through this well researched article.

Infact,I used to be phobia about anything research, because of my poor understanding of the concepts.

Now,I get to know that my research question is the same as my research objective(s) rephrased in question format.

I please I would need a follow up on the subject,as I intends to join the team of researchers. Thanks once again.

Thanks so much. This was really helpful.

I know you pepole have tried to break things into more understandable and easy format. And God bless you. Keep it up

i found this document so useful towards my study in research methods. thanks so much.

This is my 2nd read topic in your course and I should commend the simplified explanations of each part. I’m beginning to understand and absorb the use of each part of a dissertation/thesis. I’ll keep on reading your free course and might be able to avail the training course! Kudos!

Thank you! Better put that my lecture and helped to easily understand the basics which I feel often get brushed over when beginning dissertation work.

This is quite helpful. I like how the Golden thread has been explained and the needed alignment.

This is quite helpful. I really appreciate!

The article made it simple for researcher students to differentiate between three concepts.

Very innovative and educational in approach to conducting research.

I am very impressed with all these terminology, as I am a fresh student for post graduate, I am highly guided and I promised to continue making consultation when the need arise. Thanks a lot.

A very helpful piece. thanks, I really appreciate it .

Very well explained, and it might be helpful to many people like me.

Wish i had found this (and other) resource(s) at the beginning of my PhD journey… not in my writing up year… 😩 Anyways… just a quick question as i’m having some issues ordering my “golden thread”…. does it matter in what order you mention them? i.e., is it always first aims, then objectives, and finally the questions? or can you first mention the research questions and then the aims and objectives?

Thank you for a very simple explanation that builds upon the concepts in a very logical manner. Just prior to this, I read the research hypothesis article, which was equally very good. This met my primary objective.

My secondary objective was to understand the difference between research questions and research hypothesis, and in which context to use which one. However, I am still not clear on this. Can you kindly please guide?

In research, a research question is a clear and specific inquiry that the researcher wants to answer, while a research hypothesis is a tentative statement or prediction about the relationship between variables or the expected outcome of the study. Research questions are broader and guide the overall study, while hypotheses are specific and testable statements used in quantitative research. Research questions identify the problem, while hypotheses provide a focus for testing in the study.

Exactly what I need in this research journey, I look forward to more of your coaching videos.

This helped a lot. Thanks so much for the effort put into explaining it.

What data source in writing dissertation/Thesis requires?

What is data source covers when writing dessertation/thesis

This is quite useful thanks

I’m excited and thankful. I got so much value which will help me progress in my thesis.

where are the locations of the reserch statement, research objective and research question in a reserach paper? Can you write an ouline that defines their places in the researh paper?

Very helpful and important tips on Aims, Objectives and Questions.

Thank you so much for making research aim, research objectives and research question so clear. This will be helpful to me as i continue with my thesis.

Thanks much for this content. I learned a lot. And I am inspired to learn more. I am still struggling with my preparation for dissertation outline/proposal. But I consistently follow contents and tutorials and the new FB of GRAD Coach. Hope to really become confident in writing my dissertation and successfully defend it.

As a researcher and lecturer, I find splitting research goals into research aims, objectives, and questions is unnecessarily bureaucratic and confusing for students. For most biomedical research projects, including ‘real research’, 1-3 research questions will suffice (numbers may differ by discipline).

Awesome! Very important resources and presented in an informative way to easily understand the golden thread. Indeed, thank you so much.

Well explained

The blog article on research aims, objectives, and questions by Grad Coach is a clear and insightful guide that aligns with my experiences in academic research. The article effectively breaks down the often complex concepts of research aims and objectives, providing a straightforward and accessible explanation. Drawing from my own research endeavors, I appreciate the practical tips offered, such as the need for specificity and clarity when formulating research questions. The article serves as a valuable resource for students and researchers, offering a concise roadmap for crafting well-defined research goals and objectives. Whether you’re a novice or an experienced researcher, this article provides practical insights that contribute to the foundational aspects of a successful research endeavor.

A great thanks for you. it is really amazing explanation. I grasp a lot and one step up to research knowledge.

I really found these tips helpful. Thank you very much Grad Coach.

I found this article helpful. Thanks for sharing this.

thank you so much, the explanation and examples are really helpful

This is a well researched and superbly written article for learners of research methods at all levels in the research topic from conceptualization to research findings and conclusions. I highly recommend this material to university graduate students. As an instructor of advanced research methods for PhD students, I have confirmed that I was giving the right guidelines for the degree they are undertaking.

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17 Research Proposal Examples

Chris Drew (PhD)

Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. [Image Descriptor: Photo of Chris]

Learn about our Editorial Process

A research proposal systematically and transparently outlines a proposed research project.

The purpose of a research proposal is to demonstrate a project’s viability and the researcher’s preparedness to conduct an academic study. It serves as a roadmap for the researcher.

The process holds value both externally (for accountability purposes and often as a requirement for a grant application) and intrinsic value (for helping the researcher to clarify the mechanics, purpose, and potential signficance of the study).

Key sections of a research proposal include: the title, abstract, introduction, literature review, research design and methods, timeline, budget, outcomes and implications, references, and appendix. Each is briefly explained below.

Watch my Guide: How to Write a Research Proposal

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Research Proposal Sample Structure

Title: The title should present a concise and descriptive statement that clearly conveys the core idea of the research projects. Make it as specific as possible. The reader should immediately be able to grasp the core idea of the intended research project. Often, the title is left too vague and does not help give an understanding of what exactly the study looks at.

Abstract: Abstracts are usually around 250-300 words and provide an overview of what is to follow – including the research problem , objectives, methods, expected outcomes, and significance of the study. Use it as a roadmap and ensure that, if the abstract is the only thing someone reads, they’ll get a good fly-by of what will be discussed in the peice.

Introduction: Introductions are all about contextualization. They often set the background information with a statement of the problem. At the end of the introduction, the reader should understand what the rationale for the study truly is. I like to see the research questions or hypotheses included in the introduction and I like to get a good understanding of what the significance of the research will be. It’s often easiest to write the introduction last

Literature Review: The literature review dives deep into the existing literature on the topic, demosntrating your thorough understanding of the existing literature including themes, strengths, weaknesses, and gaps in the literature. It serves both to demonstrate your knowledge of the field and, to demonstrate how the proposed study will fit alongside the literature on the topic. A good literature review concludes by clearly demonstrating how your research will contribute something new and innovative to the conversation in the literature.

Research Design and Methods: This section needs to clearly demonstrate how the data will be gathered and analyzed in a systematic and academically sound manner. Here, you need to demonstrate that the conclusions of your research will be both valid and reliable. Common points discussed in the research design and methods section include highlighting the research paradigm, methodologies, intended population or sample to be studied, data collection techniques, and data analysis procedures . Toward the end of this section, you are encouraged to also address ethical considerations and limitations of the research process , but also to explain why you chose your research design and how you are mitigating the identified risks and limitations.

Timeline: Provide an outline of the anticipated timeline for the study. Break it down into its various stages (including data collection, data analysis, and report writing). The goal of this section is firstly to establish a reasonable breakdown of steps for you to follow and secondly to demonstrate to the assessors that your project is practicable and feasible.

Budget: Estimate the costs associated with the research project and include evidence for your estimations. Typical costs include staffing costs, equipment, travel, and data collection tools. When applying for a scholarship, the budget should demonstrate that you are being responsible with your expensive and that your funding application is reasonable.

Expected Outcomes and Implications: A discussion of the anticipated findings or results of the research, as well as the potential contributions to the existing knowledge, theory, or practice in the field. This section should also address the potential impact of the research on relevant stakeholders and any broader implications for policy or practice.

References: A complete list of all the sources cited in the research proposal, formatted according to the required citation style. This demonstrates the researcher’s familiarity with the relevant literature and ensures proper attribution of ideas and information.

Appendices (if applicable): Any additional materials, such as questionnaires, interview guides, or consent forms, that provide further information or support for the research proposal. These materials should be included as appendices at the end of the document.

Research Proposal Examples

Research proposals often extend anywhere between 2,000 and 15,000 words in length. The following snippets are samples designed to briefly demonstrate what might be discussed in each section.

1. Education Studies Research Proposals

See some real sample pieces:

• Assessment of the perceptions of teachers towards a new grading system
• Does ICT use in secondary classrooms help or hinder student learning?
• Digital technologies in focus project
• Urban Middle School Teachers’ Experiences of the Implementation of
• Restorative Justice Practices
• Experiences of students of color in service learning

Consider this hypothetical education research proposal:

The Impact of Game-Based Learning on Student Engagement and Academic Performance in Middle School Mathematics

Abstract: The proposed study will explore multiplayer game-based learning techniques in middle school mathematics curricula and their effects on student engagement. The study aims to contribute to the current literature on game-based learning by examining the effects of multiplayer gaming in learning.

Introduction: Digital game-based learning has long been shunned within mathematics education for fears that it may distract students or lower the academic integrity of the classrooms. However, there is emerging evidence that digital games in math have emerging benefits not only for engagement but also academic skill development. Contributing to this discourse, this study seeks to explore the potential benefits of multiplayer digital game-based learning by examining its impact on middle school students’ engagement and academic performance in a mathematics class.

Literature Review: The literature review has identified gaps in the current knowledge, namely, while game-based learning has been extensively explored, the role of multiplayer games in supporting learning has not been studied.

Research Design and Methods: This study will employ a mixed-methods research design based upon action research in the classroom. A quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test control group design will first be used to compare the academic performance and engagement of middle school students exposed to game-based learning techniques with those in a control group receiving instruction without the aid of technology. Students will also be observed and interviewed in regard to the effect of communication and collaboration during gameplay on their learning.

Timeline: The study will take place across the second term of the school year with a pre-test taking place on the first day of the term and the post-test taking place on Wednesday in Week 10.

Budget: The key budgetary requirements will be the technologies required, including the subscription cost for the identified games and computers.

Expected Outcomes and Implications: It is expected that the findings will contribute to the current literature on game-based learning and inform educational practices, providing educators and policymakers with insights into how to better support student achievement in mathematics.

2. Psychology Research Proposals

See some real examples:

• A situational analysis of shared leadership in a self-managing team
• The effect of musical preference on running performance
• Relationship between self-esteem and disordered eating amongst adolescent females

Consider this hypothetical psychology research proposal:

The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Stress Reduction in College Students

Abstract: This research proposal examines the impact of mindfulness-based interventions on stress reduction among college students, using a pre-test/post-test experimental design with both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods .

Introduction: College students face heightened stress levels during exam weeks. This can affect both mental health and test performance. This study explores the potential benefits of mindfulness-based interventions such as meditation as a way to mediate stress levels in the weeks leading up to exam time.

Literature Review: Existing research on mindfulness-based meditation has shown the ability for mindfulness to increase metacognition, decrease anxiety levels, and decrease stress. Existing literature has looked at workplace, high school and general college-level applications. This study will contribute to the corpus of literature by exploring the effects of mindfulness directly in the context of exam weeks.

Research Design and Methods: Participants ( n= 234 ) will be randomly assigned to either an experimental group, receiving 5 days per week of 10-minute mindfulness-based interventions, or a control group, receiving no intervention. Data will be collected through self-report questionnaires, measuring stress levels, semi-structured interviews exploring participants’ experiences, and students’ test scores.

Timeline: The study will begin three weeks before the students’ exam week and conclude after each student’s final exam. Data collection will occur at the beginning (pre-test of self-reported stress levels) and end (post-test) of the three weeks.

Expected Outcomes and Implications: The study aims to provide evidence supporting the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions in reducing stress among college students in the lead up to exams, with potential implications for mental health support and stress management programs on college campuses.

3. Sociology Research Proposals

• Understanding emerging social movements: A case study of ‘Jersey in Transition’
• The interaction of health, education and employment in Western China
• Can we preserve lower-income affordable neighbourhoods in the face of rising costs?

Consider this hypothetical sociology research proposal:

The Impact of Social Media Usage on Interpersonal Relationships among Young Adults

Abstract: This research proposal investigates the effects of social media usage on interpersonal relationships among young adults, using a longitudinal mixed-methods approach with ongoing semi-structured interviews to collect qualitative data.

Introduction: Social media platforms have become a key medium for the development of interpersonal relationships, particularly for young adults. This study examines the potential positive and negative effects of social media usage on young adults’ relationships and development over time.

Literature Review: A preliminary review of relevant literature has demonstrated that social media usage is central to development of a personal identity and relationships with others with similar subcultural interests. However, it has also been accompanied by data on mental health deline and deteriorating off-screen relationships. The literature is to-date lacking important longitudinal data on these topics.

Research Design and Methods: Participants ( n = 454 ) will be young adults aged 18-24. Ongoing self-report surveys will assess participants’ social media usage, relationship satisfaction, and communication patterns. A subset of participants will be selected for longitudinal in-depth interviews starting at age 18 and continuing for 5 years.

Timeline: The study will be conducted over a period of five years, including recruitment, data collection, analysis, and report writing.

Expected Outcomes and Implications: This study aims to provide insights into the complex relationship between social media usage and interpersonal relationships among young adults, potentially informing social policies and mental health support related to social media use.

4. Nursing Research Proposals

• Does Orthopaedic Pre-assessment clinic prepare the patient for admission to hospital?
• Nurses’ perceptions and experiences of providing psychological care to burns patients
• Registered psychiatric nurse’s practice with mentally ill parents and their children

Consider this hypothetical nursing research proposal:

The Influence of Nurse-Patient Communication on Patient Satisfaction and Health Outcomes following Emergency Cesarians

Abstract: This research will examines the impact of effective nurse-patient communication on patient satisfaction and health outcomes for women following c-sections, utilizing a mixed-methods approach with patient surveys and semi-structured interviews.

Introduction: It has long been known that effective communication between nurses and patients is crucial for quality care. However, additional complications arise following emergency c-sections due to the interaction between new mother’s changing roles and recovery from surgery.

Literature Review: A review of the literature demonstrates the importance of nurse-patient communication, its impact on patient satisfaction, and potential links to health outcomes. However, communication between nurses and new mothers is less examined, and the specific experiences of those who have given birth via emergency c-section are to date unexamined.

Research Design and Methods: Participants will be patients in a hospital setting who have recently had an emergency c-section. A self-report survey will assess their satisfaction with nurse-patient communication and perceived health outcomes. A subset of participants will be selected for in-depth interviews to explore their experiences and perceptions of the communication with their nurses.

Timeline: The study will be conducted over a period of six months, including rolling recruitment, data collection, analysis, and report writing within the hospital.

Expected Outcomes and Implications: This study aims to provide evidence for the significance of nurse-patient communication in supporting new mothers who have had an emergency c-section. Recommendations will be presented for supporting nurses and midwives in improving outcomes for new mothers who had complications during birth.

5. Social Work Research Proposals

• Experiences of negotiating employment and caring responsibilities of fathers post-divorce
• Exploring kinship care in the north region of British Columbia

Consider this hypothetical social work research proposal:

The Role of a Family-Centered Intervention in Preventing Homelessness Among At-Risk Youthin a working-class town in Northern England

Abstract: This research proposal investigates the effectiveness of a family-centered intervention provided by a local council area in preventing homelessness among at-risk youth. This case study will use a mixed-methods approach with program evaluation data and semi-structured interviews to collect quantitative and qualitative data .

Introduction: Homelessness among youth remains a significant social issue. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of family-centered interventions in addressing this problem and identify factors that contribute to successful prevention strategies.

Literature Review: A review of the literature has demonstrated several key factors contributing to youth homelessness including lack of parental support, lack of social support, and low levels of family involvement. It also demonstrates the important role of family-centered interventions in addressing this issue. Drawing on current evidence, this study explores the effectiveness of one such intervention in preventing homelessness among at-risk youth in a working-class town in Northern England.

Research Design and Methods: The study will evaluate a new family-centered intervention program targeting at-risk youth and their families. Quantitative data on program outcomes, including housing stability and family functioning, will be collected through program records and evaluation reports. Semi-structured interviews with program staff, participants, and relevant stakeholders will provide qualitative insights into the factors contributing to program success or failure.

Timeline: The study will be conducted over a period of six months, including recruitment, data collection, analysis, and report writing.

Budget: Expenses include access to program evaluation data, interview materials, data analysis software, and any related travel costs for in-person interviews.

Expected Outcomes and Implications: This study aims to provide evidence for the effectiveness of family-centered interventions in preventing youth homelessness, potentially informing the expansion of or necessary changes to social work practices in Northern England.

Research Proposal Template

Get your Detailed Template for Writing your Research Proposal Here (With AI Prompts!)

This is a template for a 2500-word research proposal. You may find it difficult to squeeze everything into this wordcount, but it’s a common wordcount for Honors and MA-level dissertations.

Your research proposal is where you really get going with your study. I’d strongly recommend working closely with your teacher in developing a research proposal that’s consistent with the requirements and culture of your institution, as in my experience it varies considerably. The above template is from my own courses that walk students through research proposals in a British School of Education.

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8 thoughts on “17 Research Proposal Examples”

Very excellent research proposals

very helpful

Very helpful

Dear Sir, I need some help to write an educational research proposal. Thank you.

Hi Levi, use the site search bar to ask a question and I’ll likely have a guide already written for your specific question. Thanks for reading!

very good research proposal

Thank you so much sir! ❤️

Very helpful 👌

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Educational resources and simple solutions for your research journey

What is the Background of a Study and How to Write It (Examples Included)

Have you ever found yourself struggling to write a background of the study for your research paper? You’re not alone. While the background of a study is an essential element of a research manuscript, it’s also one of the most challenging pieces to write. This is because it requires researchers to provide context and justification for their research, highlight the significance of their study, and situate their work within the existing body of knowledge in the field.  

Despite its challenges, the background of a study is crucial for any research paper. A compelling well-written background of the study can not only promote confidence in the overall quality of your research analysis and findings, but it can also determine whether readers will be interested in knowing more about the rest of the research study.  

In this article, we’ll explore the key elements of the background of a study and provide simple guidelines on how to write one effectively. Whether you’re a seasoned researcher or a graduate student working on your first research manuscript, this post will explain how to write a background for your study that is compelling and informative.  

Table of Contents

What is the background of a study ?  

Typically placed in the beginning of your research paper, the background of a study serves to convey the central argument of your study and its significance clearly and logically to an uninformed audience. The background of a study in a research paper helps to establish the research problem or gap in knowledge that the study aims to address, sets the stage for the research question and objectives, and highlights the significance of the research. The background of a study also includes a review of relevant literature, which helps researchers understand where the research study is placed in the current body of knowledge in a specific research discipline. It includes the reason for the study, the thesis statement, and a summary of the concept or problem being examined by the researcher. At times, the background of a study can may even examine whether your research supports or contradicts the results of earlier studies or existing knowledge on the subject.  

How is the background of a study different from the introduction?  

It is common to find early career researchers getting confused between the background of a study and the introduction in a research paper. Many incorrectly consider these two vital parts of a research paper the same and use these terms interchangeably. The confusion is understandable, however, it’s important to know that the introduction and the background of the study are distinct elements and serve very different purposes.   

• The basic different between the background of a study and the introduction is kind of information that is shared with the readers . While the introduction provides an overview of the specific research topic and touches upon key parts of the research paper, the background of the study presents a detailed discussion on the existing literature in the field, identifies research gaps, and how the research being done will add to current knowledge.  
• The introduction aims to capture the reader’s attention and interest and to provide a clear and concise summary of the research project. It typically begins with a general statement of the research problem and then narrows down to the specific research question. It may also include an overview of the research design, methodology, and scope. The background of the study outlines the historical, theoretical, and empirical background that led to the research question to highlight its importance. It typically offers an overview of the research field and may include a review of the literature to highlight gaps, controversies, or limitations in the existing knowledge and to justify the need for further research.  
• Both these sections appear at the beginning of a research paper. In some cases the introduction may come before the background of the study , although in most instances the latter is integrated into the introduction itself. The length of the introduction and background of a study can differ based on the journal guidelines and the complexity of a specific research study.  

Learn to convey study relevance, integrate literature reviews, and articulate research gaps in the background section. Get your All Access Pack now!    

To put it simply, the background of the study provides context for the study by explaining how your research fills a research gap in existing knowledge in the field and how it will add to it. The introduction section explains how the research fills this gap by stating the research topic, the objectives of the research and the findings – it sets the context for the rest of the paper.   

Where is the background of a study placed in a research paper?  

T he background of a study is typically placed in the introduction section of a research paper and is positioned after the statement of the problem. Researchers should try and present the background of the study in clear logical structure by dividing it into several sections, such as introduction, literature review, and research gap. This will make it easier for the reader to understand the research problem and the motivation for the study.  

So, when should you write the background of your study ? It’s recommended that researchers write this section after they have conducted a thorough literature review and identified the research problem, research question, and objectives. This way, they can effectively situate their study within the existing body of knowledge in the field and provide a clear rationale for their research.  

Creating an effective background of a study structure  

Given that the purpose of writing the background of your study is to make readers understand the reasons for conducting the research, it is important to create an outline and basic framework to work within. This will make it easier to write the background of the study and will ensure that it is comprehensive and compelling for readers.  

While creating a background of the study structure for research papers, it is crucial to have a clear understanding of the essential elements that should be included. Make sure you incorporate the following elements in the background of the study section :   

• Present a general overview of the research topic, its significance, and main aims; this may be like establishing the “importance of the topic” in the introduction.   
• Discuss the existing level of research done on the research topic or on related topics in the field to set context for your research. Be concise and mention only the relevant part of studies, ideally in chronological order to reflect the progress being made.  
• Highlight disputes in the field as well as claims made by scientists, organizations, or key policymakers that need to be investigated. This forms the foundation of your research methodology and solidifies the aims of your study.   
• Describe if and how the methods and techniques used in the research study are different from those used in previous research on similar topics.   

By including these critical elements in the background of your study , you can provide your readers with a comprehensive understanding of your research and its context.  

How to write a background of the study in research papers ?  

Now that you know the essential elements to include, it’s time to discuss how to write the background of the study in a concise and interesting way that engages audiences. The best way to do this is to build a clear narrative around the central theme of your research so that readers can grasp the concept and identify the gaps that the study will address. While the length and detail presented in the background of a study could vary depending on the complexity and novelty of the research topic, it is imperative to avoid wordiness. For research that is interdisciplinary, mentioning how the disciplines are connected and highlighting specific aspects to be studied helps readers understand the research better.   

While there are different styles of writing the background of a study , it always helps to have a clear plan in place. Let us look at how to write a background of study for research papers.    

• Identify the research problem: Begin the background by defining the research topic, and highlighting the main issue or question that the research aims to address. The research problem should be clear, specific, and relevant to the field of study. It should be framed using simple, easy to understand language and must be meaningful to intended audiences.  
• Craft an impactful statement of the research objectives: While writing the background of the study it is critical to highlight the research objectives and specific goals that the study aims to achieve. The research objectives should be closely related to the research problem and must be aligned with the overall purpose of the study.  
• Conduct a review of available literature: When writing the background of the research , provide a summary of relevant literature in the field and related research that has been conducted around the topic. Remember to record the search terms used and keep track of articles that you read so that sources can be cited accurately. Ensure that the literature you include is sourced from credible sources.  
• Address existing controversies and assumptions: It is a good idea to acknowledge and clarify existing claims and controversies regarding the subject of your research. For example, if your research topic involves an issue that has been widely discussed due to ethical or politically considerations, it is best to address them when writing the background of the study .  
• Present the relevance of the study: It is also important to provide a justification for the research. This is where the researcher explains why the study is important and what contributions it will make to existing knowledge on the subject. Highlighting key concepts and theories and explaining terms and ideas that may feel unfamiliar to readers makes the background of the study content more impactful.  
• Proofread to eliminate errors in language, structure, and data shared: Once the first draft is done, it is a good idea to read and re-read the draft a few times to weed out possible grammatical errors or inaccuracies in the information provided. In fact, experts suggest that it is helpful to have your supervisor or peers read and edit the background of the study . Their feedback can help ensure that even inadvertent errors are not overlooked.  

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How to avoid mistakes in writing the background of a study  

While figuring out how to write the background of a study , it is also important to know the most common mistakes authors make so you can steer clear of these in your research paper.   

• Write the background of a study in a formal academic tone while keeping the language clear and simple. Check for the excessive use of jargon and technical terminology that could confuse your readers.   
• Avoid including unrelated concepts that could distract from the subject of research. Instead, focus your discussion around the key aspects of your study by highlighting gaps in existing literature and knowledge and the novelty and necessity of your study.   
• Provide relevant, reliable evidence to support your claims and citing sources correctly; be sure to follow a consistent referencing format and style throughout the paper.   
• Ensure that the details presented in the background of the study are captured chronologically and organized into sub-sections for easy reading and comprehension.  
• Check the journal guidelines for the recommended length for this section so that you include all the important details in a concise manner. 

By keeping these tips in mind, you can create a clear, concise, and compelling background of the study for your research paper. Take this example of a background of the study on the impact of social media on mental health.  

Social media has become a ubiquitous aspect of modern life, with people of all ages, genders, and backgrounds using platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter to connect with others, share information, and stay updated on news and events. While social media has many potential benefits, including increased social connectivity and access to information, there is growing concern about its impact on mental health.   Research has suggested that social media use is associated with a range of negative mental health outcomes, including increased rates of anxiety, depression, and loneliness. This is thought to be due, in part, to the social comparison processes that occur on social media, whereby users compare their lives to the idealized versions of others that are presented online.   Despite these concerns, there is also evidence to suggest that social media can have positive effects on mental health. For example, social media can provide a sense of social support and community, which can be beneficial for individuals who are socially isolated or marginalized.   Given the potential benefits and risks of social media use for mental health, it is important to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying these effects. This study aims to investigate the relationship between social media use and mental health outcomes, with a particular focus on the role of social comparison processes. By doing so, we hope to shed light on the potential risks and benefits of social media use for mental health, and to provide insights that can inform interventions and policies aimed at promoting healthy social media use.  

To conclude, the background of a study is a crucial component of a research manuscript and must be planned, structured, and presented in a way that attracts reader attention, compels them to read the manuscript, creates an impact on the minds of readers and sets the stage for future discussions. 

A well-written background of the study not only provides researchers with a clear direction on conducting their research, but it also enables readers to understand and appreciate the relevance of the research work being done.   

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on background of the study

Q: How does the background of the study help the reader understand the research better?

The background of the study plays a crucial role in helping readers understand the research better by providing the necessary context, framing the research problem, and establishing its significance. It helps readers:

• understand the larger framework, historical development, and existing knowledge related to a research topic
• identify gaps, limitations, or unresolved issues in the existing literature or knowledge
• outline potential contributions, practical implications, or theoretical advancements that the research aims to achieve
• and learn the specific context and limitations of the research project

Q: Does the background of the study need citation?

Yes, the background of the study in a research paper should include citations to support and acknowledge the sources of information and ideas presented. When you provide information or make statements in the background section that are based on previous studies, theories, or established knowledge, it is important to cite the relevant sources. This establishes credibility, enables verification, and demonstrates the depth of literature review you’ve done.

Q: What is the difference between background of the study and problem statement?

The background of the study provides context and establishes the research’s foundation while the problem statement clearly states the problem being addressed and the research questions or objectives.

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Research Paper Appendix: Format and Examples

Formulating Research Aims and Objectives

Formulating research aim and objectives in an appropriate manner is one of the most important aspects of your thesis. This is because research aim and objectives determine the scope, depth and the overall direction of the research. Research question is the central question of the study that has to be answered on the basis of research findings.

Research aim emphasizes what needs to be achieved within the scope of the research, by the end of the research process. Achievement of research aim provides answer to the research question.

Research objectives divide research aim into several parts and address each part separately. Research aim specifies WHAT needs to be studied and research objectives comprise a number of steps that address HOW research aim will be achieved.

As a rule of dumb, there would be one research aim and several research objectives. Achievement of each research objective will lead to the achievement of the research aim.

Consider the following as an example:

Research title: Effects of organizational culture on business profitability: a case study of Virgin Atlantic

Research aim: To assess the effects of Virgin Atlantic organizational culture on business profitability

Following research objectives would facilitate the achievement of this aim:

• Analyzing the nature of organizational culture at Virgin Atlantic by September 1, 2022
• Identifying factors impacting Virgin Atlantic organizational culture by September 16, 2022
• Analyzing impacts of Virgin Atlantic organizational culture on employee performances by September 30, 2022
• Providing recommendations to Virgin Atlantic strategic level management in terms of increasing the level of effectiveness of organizational culture by October 5, 2022

Figure below illustrates additional examples in formulating research aims and objectives:

Formulation of research question, aim and objectives

Common mistakes in the formulation of research aim relate to the following:

1. Choosing the topic too broadly . This is the most common mistake. For example, a research title of “an analysis of leadership practices” can be classified as too broad because the title fails to answer the following questions:

a) Which aspects of leadership practices? Leadership has many aspects such as employee motivation, ethical behaviour, strategic planning, change management etc. An attempt to cover all of these aspects of organizational leadership within a single research will result in an unfocused and poor work.

b) An analysis of leadership practices in which country? Leadership practices tend to be different in various countries due to cross-cultural differences, legislations and a range of other region-specific factors. Therefore, a study of leadership practices needs to be country-specific.

c) Analysis of leadership practices in which company or industry? Similar to the point above, analysis of leadership practices needs to take into account industry-specific and/or company-specific differences, and there is no way to conduct a leadership research that relates to all industries and organizations in an equal manner.

Accordingly, as an example “a study into the impacts of ethical behaviour of a leader on the level of employee motivation in US healthcare sector” would be a more appropriate title than simply “An analysis of leadership practices”.

2. Setting an unrealistic aim . Formulation of a research aim that involves in-depth interviews with Apple strategic level management by an undergraduate level student can be specified as a bit over-ambitious. This is because securing an interview with Apple CEO Tim Cook or members of Apple Board of Directors might not be easy. This is an extreme example of course, but you got the idea. Instead, you may aim to interview the manager of your local Apple store and adopt a more feasible strategy to get your dissertation completed.

3. Choosing research methods incompatible with the timeframe available . Conducting interviews with 20 sample group members and collecting primary data through 2 focus groups when only three months left until submission of your dissertation can be very difficult, if not impossible. Accordingly, timeframe available need to be taken into account when formulating research aims and objectives and selecting research methods.

Moreover, research objectives need to be formulated according to SMART principle,

 where the abbreviation stands for specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound.

Examples of SMART research objectives

At the conclusion part of your research project you will need to reflect on the level of achievement of research aims and objectives. In case your research aims and objectives are not fully achieved by the end of the study, you will need to discuss the reasons. These may include initial inappropriate formulation of research aims and objectives, effects of other variables that were not considered at the beginning of the research or changes in some circumstances during the research process.

John Dudovskiy

AI Generator

A rationale is a detailed explanation or justification for a decision, action, or belief, providing reasons and underlying principles. It helps clarify the logic and thought process behind choices made. In academic contexts, a rationale may be part of a Thesis Summary or a Case Summary , offering sentences that articulate the basis for research or case studies.

What is a Rationale?

50 rationale examples with answers.

• Education: Project-based learning promotes student engagement, critical thinking, and real-world application.
• Business: Employee training improves skills, productivity, and job satisfaction.
• Healthcare: Regular health screenings detect issues early and improve patient outcomes.
• Technology: Upgrading software enhances security, efficiency, and data management.
• Environmental Conservation: Sustainable manufacturing reduces environmental impact and conserves resources.
• Marketing: Social media campaigns increase brand visibility and engage customers.
• Urban Planning: Public transportation reduces traffic, emissions, and improves mobility.
• Legal System: Stricter penalties deter crime and maintain public safety.
• Psychology: Cognitive-behavioral therapy effectively treats anxiety by changing negative thoughts and behaviors.
• Architecture: Green building designs create energy-efficient, healthy structures.
• Social Work: Community outreach addresses social inequalities and supports marginalized groups.
• Economics: Fiscal policies boost spending, investment, and reduce unemployment during recessions.
• Food Industry: Nutritional labels help consumers make healthier choices.
• Engineering: Safety features in design protect users and comply with regulations.
• Human Resources: Flexible work arrangements improve work-life balance and job satisfaction.
• Tourism: Sustainable tourism preserves heritage and supports local economies.
• Education Policy: Inclusive education ensures equal access for all students.
• Finance: Diversifying investments reduces risk and optimizes returns.
• Public Health: Smoking bans reduce secondhand smoke exposure and prevent diseases.
• Transportation: Alternative transportation like bike lanes reduces congestion and promotes active lifestyles.
• International Relations: Diplomacy resolves conflicts peacefully and promotes global stability.
• Art and Design: User-centered design creates products that meet user needs and enhance satisfaction.
• Criminal Justice: Restorative justice repairs harm and promotes offender rehabilitation.
• Education Assessment: Formative assessments provide feedback and guide instruction.
• Environmental Policy: Protected areas conserve biodiversity and offer recreational opportunities.
• Management: Participative leadership empowers employees and fosters innovation.
• Agriculture: Sustainable farming preserves soil and minimizes chemical use.
• Health Promotion: Promoting healthy lifestyles prevents chronic diseases and reduces healthcare costs.
• Technology Integration: Technology in education enhances learning and prepares students for the future.
• Nonprofit Organizations: Fundraising supports the organization’s mission and services.
• Conflict Resolution: Mediation resolves conflicts by facilitating communication and mutual agreements.
• Architecture and Urban Planning: Mixed-use developments create vibrant, walkable communities.
• Public Policy: Social welfare programs address poverty and promote social justice.
• Supply Chain Management: Just-In-Time inventory reduces costs and improves efficiency.
• Environmental Conservation: Marine protected areas safeguard biodiversity and promote sustainable fisheries.
• Occupational Health and Safety: Workplace safety protocols prevent accidents and injuries.
• International Development: Foreign aid alleviates poverty and promotes economic growth.
• Public Administration: Decentralizing services improves efficiency and responsiveness.
• Crisis Management: Emergency plans ensure effective disaster responses.
• Community Development: Community infrastructure enhances quality of life and attracts investment.
• Educational Technology: Blended learning personalizes education and engages students.
• Cultural Preservation: Documenting indigenous traditions preserves cultural heritage.
• Supply Chain Sustainability: Sustainable sourcing ensures environmental and social responsibility.
• Humanitarian Assistance: Aid to refugees addresses urgent needs and upholds human dignity.
• Public Safety: Crime prevention strategies build trust and promote safer communities.
• Healthcare Policy: Expanding healthcare access improves health outcomes and reduces disparities.
• Corporate Social Responsibility: Philanthropy and sustainability enhance brand reputation and societal impact.
• Community Engagement: Involving community members promotes transparency and democratic governance.
• International Trade: Free trade agreements stimulate growth and cooperation.
• Urban Regeneration: Redevelopment projects revitalize blighted areas and stimulate investment.

Easy Rationale Examples

• Why do we use group projects in school?: To help students work together, learn from each other, and improve teamwork skills.
• Why do companies offer training programs to employees?: To improve their skills, make them more productive, and keep them happy at work.
• Why do doctors recommend regular check-ups?: To find health problems early and treat them before they get worse.
• Why do we update our computer software?: To keep it secure, make it work faster, and add new features.
• Why do we recycle?: To reduce waste, save resources, and protect the environment.

Types of Rationale

1. educational rationale.

An educational rationale explains the reasoning behind educational policies, curriculum choices, teaching methods, and learning activities. It provides justification for why certain content or instructional strategies are chosen, aiming to enhance student learning and achieve educational goals.

• Justifying the inclusion of a new subject in the curriculum.
• Explaining the use of project-based learning to develop critical thinking skills.

2. Scientific Rationale

A scientific rationale underpins research studies and experiments. It explains the reasoning behind selecting specific research questions, hypotheses, methodologies, and interpretations of results. It aims to provide a logical foundation for scientific inquiry and ensure the validity and reliability of findings.

• Justifying the choice of a particular research method for a study.
• Explaining why a specific variable is being measured.

3. Business Rationale

A business rationale supports business decisions, such as launching a new product, entering a new market, or implementing organizational changes. It outlines the logical reasoning and expected benefits behind these decisions, considering factors like market demand, competition, and financial projections.

• Justifying an investment in new technology.
• Explaining the rationale for restructuring a company.

4. Policy Rationale

A policy rationale provides the reasoning behind the creation or modification of policies, laws, or regulations. It explains the intended outcomes, benefits, and potential impacts of the policy, often addressing social, economic, or environmental considerations.

• Justifying a new healthcare policy aimed at increasing accessibility.
• Explaining the rationale for environmental regulations to reduce carbon emissions.

5. Ethical Rationale

An ethical rationale justifies decisions and actions based on ethical principles and values. It considers the moral implications and ensures that the choices align with ethical standards, often involving considerations of fairness, justice, and the greater good.

• Justifying the fair treatment of employees.
• Explaining the rationale behind corporate social responsibility initiatives.

6. Strategic Rationale

A strategic rationale explains the reasoning behind long-term planning and strategic decisions within organizations. It includes the analysis of internal and external factors, goals, and the anticipated benefits of strategic initiatives.

• Justifying the expansion into international markets.
• Explaining the rationale for a merger or acquisition.

7. Design Rationale

A design rationale provides the reasoning behind design choices in various fields, including architecture, software development, and product design. It explains why certain features, materials, or processes were selected to meet specific goals, user needs, and constraints.

• Justifying the user interface design of a software application.
• Explaining the choice of materials in a sustainable building project.

Rationale Synonyms and examples

• Reason: The reason for studying every day is to achieve better grades.
• Justification: The justification for the new policy is to improve workplace safety.
• Explanation: The explanation for his absence was a family emergency.
• Basis: The basis for the decision was thorough research and analysis.
• Grounds: The grounds for the lawsuit were breach of contract.
• Purpose: The purpose of the meeting is to discuss the project timeline.
• Motive: The motive behind his actions was to help the community.
• Cause: The cause of the accident was slippery roads.
• Foundation: The foundation of the theory is extensive scientific research.
• Principle: The principle of fairness guided their decision-making process.
• Rationale: The rationale for the changes is to increase efficiency.
• Premise: The premise of the argument is that everyone deserves equal opportunities.
• Argument: The argument for renewable energy is based on its environmental benefits.
• Assertion: The assertion that exercise improves mental health is supported by research.
• Evidence: The evidence for climate change is overwhelming and clear.

Difference between Rational and Rationale

How do you write a rationale step by step

Writing a rationale involves explaining the reasons and purpose behind a particular decision, action, or project. Here is a step-by-step guide to help you craft an effective rationale:

Step 1: Identify the Purpose : Begin by clearly stating the purpose of the rationale. What is the main goal or objective you aim to achieve?

Step 2: Understand Your Audience: Consider who will be reading the rationale. Tailor your language and depth of explanation to the audience’s level of knowledge and interest in the subject.

Step 3: Provide Context: Give background information to help the reader understand the context. This includes relevant historical, social, or academic context that frames the rationale.

Step 4: State the Problem or Need: Clearly define the problem or need that your project, action, or decision addresses. Use specific examples or data to illustrate the need.

Step 5: Outline Your Solution or Plan: Describe your proposed solution or plan in detail. Explain how it will address the problem or need identified.

Step 6: Justify Your Approach: Provide reasons why your approach is the best course of action. Include evidence such as research findings, expert opinions, or successful case studies to support your rationale.

Step 7: Highlight the Benefits: Explain the benefits and positive outcomes expected from your approach. Highlight how it will impact the audience or stakeholders positively.

Step 8: Address Potential Challenges: Acknowledge any potential challenges or drawbacks of your approach and discuss how you plan to address them.

How do you write a rationale?

To write a rationale, start by clearly stating the purpose or decision. Then, provide detailed reasons and evidence supporting it. Conclude by summarizing the key points and emphasizing the benefits or expected outcomes.

Where is a rationale used?

Rationales are used in various fields, including education, business, healthcare, technology, environmental conservation, and many others.

Can a rationale change over time?

Yes, a rationale can change as new information, circumstances, or insights emerge. It’s important to review and update rationales to ensure they remain relevant and accurate.

How long should a rationale be?

The length of a rationale depends on the complexity of the topic and the requirements of the context.

What is the difference between a rationale and a justification?

A rationale provides the underlying reasons and logic behind a decision or action, while a justification focuses on defending or proving that the decision or action is right or necessary.

Can a rationale be used to explain past actions?

Yes, a rationale can be used to explain past actions by outlining the reasons and logic that were considered at the time of the decision.

How can a rationale help in decision-making?

A rationale helps in decision-making by providing a structured approach to evaluating options, considering the reasons and potential outcomes, and ensuring that the decision is well-thought-out and justifiable.

What role does a rationale play in academic writing?

In academic writing, a rationale is often included to justify the choice of research topic, methodology, and theoretical framework. It helps readers understand the significance and relevance of the research.

How does a rationale contribute to effective communication?

A rationale contributes to effective communication by clearly explaining the reasons behind decisions or actions.

Text prompt

• Instructive
• Professional

10 Examples of Public speaking

20 Examples of Gas lighting

Creating Powerful Lesson Plan Goals and Objectives: A Teacher’s Guide

Engaging kindergarten math lesson plans, creating effective esl lesson plans for adult learners.

• Creating an Engaging “All About Me” Lesson Plan for Young Learners

• Lesson Planning

7 Essential Steps to Craft a Compelling Lesson Plan Rationale

Why writing a rationale matters.

As an educator, crafting a well-thought-out lesson plan is crucial for effective teaching. However, many overlook the importance of including a strong rationale. A rationale is the reasoning or justification for your chosen teaching methods, content, and activities. It explains the “why” behind your lesson plan, demonstrating your pedagogical expertise and ensuring your teaching approach aligns with educational goals.

Writing a rationale for your lesson plan isn’t just a formality – it’s a powerful tool that can enhance your teaching effectiveness and student outcomes. Let’s explore the essential steps to create a compelling rationale that will elevate your lesson plans and impress your colleagues or supervisors.

Step 1: Understand the Purpose of Your Rationale

Before diving into writing, it’s crucial to grasp the purpose of a lesson plan rationale. A rationale serves several key functions:

• Justifies your teaching choices
• Demonstrates your understanding of educational theory and best practices
• Aligns your lesson with curriculum standards and learning objectives
• Provides context for your lesson within the broader educational framework
• Reflects on potential challenges and how you’ll address them

By keeping these purposes in mind, you’ll be better equipped to craft a rationale that truly supports your lesson plan.

Step 2: Identify Your Lesson’s Core Elements

To write an effective rationale, you need to clearly understand the key components of your lesson plan. Take some time to reflect on:

• The main learning objectives
• The content you’ll be covering
• The teaching methods and activities you’ve chosen
• The resources and materials you’ll use
• The assessment strategies you’ll employ

Having a firm grasp of these elements will help you articulate why you’ve made specific choices in your lesson plan.

Step 3: Connect Your Lesson to Educational Theory

A strong rationale demonstrates your understanding of educational theory and how it informs your teaching practice. Consider which learning theories or pedagogical approaches align with your lesson plan. For example:

• Constructivism: If your lesson involves hands-on activities or group work
• Bloom’s Taxonomy: When designing questions or tasks that target different cognitive levels
• Multiple Intelligences Theory: If you’re incorporating diverse learning styles into your activities

By linking your lesson to established educational theories, you show that your teaching decisions are grounded in research-based practices.

Step 4: Align with Curriculum Standards and Learning Outcomes

Your rationale should clearly explain how your lesson plan aligns with relevant curriculum standards and contributes to broader learning outcomes. This step is crucial for demonstrating the value and relevance of your lesson within the larger educational context.

Consider addressing:

• Which specific curriculum standards your lesson addresses
• How your lesson builds on previous learning or prepares students for future topics
• The skills or knowledge students will gain and how they relate to long-term educational goals

By making these connections explicit, you show that your lesson is purposeful and fits seamlessly into the overall curriculum.

Step 5: Justify Your Teaching Methods and Activities

This is where you explain the “why” behind your chosen teaching strategies and activities. For each major component of your lesson, consider:

• Why is this method or activity the best choice for teaching this content?
• How does it support the learning objectives?
• What evidence or research supports the effectiveness of this approach?

For example, if you’ve chosen to use a group discussion activity, you might explain how it promotes critical thinking, encourages peer learning, and allows for diverse perspectives to be shared.

Step 6: Address Potential Challenges and Adaptations

A thoughtful rationale anticipates potential obstacles and explains how you’ll address them. This demonstrates your ability to plan proactively and adapt your teaching as needed. Consider:

• What challenges might students face with the content or activities?
• How will you support diverse learners or those with special needs?
• What alternative strategies do you have in place if your initial plan doesn’t work as expected?

By addressing these points, you show that you’ve carefully considered various scenarios and are prepared to ensure all students can succeed.

Step 7: Reflect on Assessment and Evaluation

Your rationale should explain how you’ll assess student learning and evaluate the effectiveness of your lesson. This demonstrates your commitment to measuring outcomes and continuously improving your teaching practice. Consider:

• Why you’ve chosen specific assessment methods
• How your assessments align with the learning objectives
• How you’ll use assessment data to inform future instruction

For example, you might explain why you’ve chosen a combination of formative and summative assessments, and how they’ll provide a comprehensive picture of student understanding.

Bringing It All Together: Crafting Your Rationale

Now that we’ve explored the essential steps, let’s look at how to structure your rationale effectively. While there’s no one-size-fits-all format, a well-organized rationale typically includes:

• An introduction that briefly outlines the lesson’s main focus and objectives
• A clear statement of the educational theories or approaches informing your lesson
• An explanation of how the lesson aligns with curriculum standards and broader learning goals
• Justification for your chosen teaching methods and activities
• A discussion of potential challenges and your planned adaptations
• An overview of your assessment strategies and their purpose
• A brief conclusion that summarizes the key points of your rationale

Remember to use clear, concise language and provide specific examples to support your points. Avoid jargon or overly technical terms that might confuse readers unfamiliar with educational theory.

Here’s an example of how you might begin a rationale for a lesson on fractions:

“This lesson on comparing fractions is designed to build on students’ existing understanding of fraction concepts while introducing new strategies for comparison. By using a combination of visual representations, hands-on activities, and collaborative problem-solving, the lesson aims to deepen students’ conceptual understanding and procedural fluency with fractions. The approach is grounded in constructivist learning theory, which emphasizes the importance of active engagement and building on prior knowledge.”

Elevate Your Teaching with Powerful Rationales

Writing a strong rationale for your lesson plans is a valuable skill that can significantly enhance your teaching practice. By following these seven essential steps, you’ll be able to craft compelling rationales that demonstrate your expertise, justify your teaching choices, and ultimately lead to more effective lessons.

Remember, a well-written rationale not only supports your current lesson but also serves as a reflective tool for your ongoing professional development. As you continue to write and refine your rationales, you’ll likely find that your overall lesson planning and teaching effectiveness improve as well.

So, the next time you sit down to plan a lesson, take the time to craft a thoughtful rationale. Your students, colleagues, and future self will thank you for the extra effort!

For more guidance on writing effective rationales, check out this resource on writing a rationale from the University of Melbourne. And if you’re looking to enhance your overall lesson planning skills, consider exploring strategies for creating killer blog titles – many of these techniques can be applied to making your lesson objectives more engaging and memorable for students.

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Poster Samples

Looking at samples of real student posters can help you generate ideas and define your goals. As you get started, it may be helpful to look at examples of finished posters.

Below are a number of sample posters created by UT undergraduates. There is a brief discussion of each poster highlighting its greatest strengths and areas where there is room for improvement.

• More than one type of visual aid
• Logical order for sections
• Acknowledgments

Room for improvement

• Background may be distracting, or detract from content
• Sections and images are not aligned
• Too many visual components clutter poster

• White space
• Legible text and graphics
• Reports preliminary results
• All participants listed as authors, with affiliations provided
• Lacks Citations and Acknowledgements
• Labeling of images/graphics
• Inconsistent text alignment
• Color-saturated background

• Clearly defined research questions
• Effective use of visual aids
• Clear organizational structure
• Bullets break up text
• Technical language/undefined acronyms (accessible to limited audience)
• Narrow margins within text boxes
• Too many thick borders around boxes
• Uses UT seal instead of college or university wordmark

• Clear introductory material
• Use of bullet points
• Logical flow
• Color-coding in graphics
• Lacks references section
• May not be accessible to all audiences (some technical language)
• No need for borders around sections (the blue headers are sufficient)

• Compelling visual aids
• Strategic use of color
• Clear sections
• Inconsistent fonts in body text
• Abstract section mislabeled
• Bullet points are great, but only if they’re used judiciously

• Parameters of study well defined
• Clearly defined research question
• Simple color scheme
• Use of white space
• Discussion of Results
• Minor formatting misalignments
• Unauthorized use of UT seal (use wordmark instead)

• Venn diagram in discussion
• Consistent graphics
• Multiple types of visual aids
• Light text on dark background
• Color backgrounds should be avoided, especially dark ones
• Unlabeled, non-credited photos

• Easy to read
• Use of shapes, figures, and bullets to break up text
• Compelling title (and title font size)
• Clean overall visual impression
• Many sections without a clear flow between them
• Lacks acknowledgements

• Use of images/graphics
• Clear title
• Accessible but professional tone
• Length/density of text blocks
• Tiny photo citations
• Connections between images and descriptive text
• Vertical boxes unnecessary

• Compelling title
• Font sizes throughout (hierarchy of text)
• Simple graphics
• Lacks clear Background section
• Relationship of Findings and Conclusion to Research questions

• Use of visual aids
• Uneven column width
• Center-justfied body text
• Lacks “Methods” section

• Use of bullets
• Too many different font styles (serif and sans serif, bold and normal)
• Concise interpretation of graphics

• Accessible visual structure
• Clear, simple graphics
• Fonts and font sizes
• Analysis of graphic data
• Discussion of significance
• Lacks author’s affiliation and contact information

• Balance among visuals, text and white space
• Data presented in visual format (SmartArt)
• Accesible to many audiences (simple enough for general audience, but enough methodological detail for experts)
• Some more editing needed
• When targeting an expert audience (as in the methodology section), should also report statistics ( r, p, t, F, etc.)

• Large, clear title
• Creative adaptation of sections
• Use of lists (rather than paragraphs)
• Accessible to diverse audience
• Connection between visuals (sheet music) and content

• Strategic use of color for section headers
• Labeling and citation of images
• Accessible to a broad audience
• Wide margins around poster edges
• Slightly text-heavy
• Data referenced (“Methodology”) but not discussed

What is my next step?

Begin working on the content for your poster at Create Your Message .

• SI SWIMSUIT
• SI SPORTSBOOK

Angels' Arte Moreno Explains Rationale For Perry Minasian Extension

Eva geitheim | aug 25, 2024.

• Los Angeles Angels

The Los Angeles Angels opted to retain general manager Perry Minasian for the near future by signing him to a contract extension through the 2026 season . Minasian was approaching the end of his first contract with the team, a four-year deal he signed with the Angels in 2020.

OFFICIAL: The Angels have agreed to an extension with General Manager Perry Minasian, keeping him with the Club through the 2026 season. pic.twitter.com/xN97DuQzml — Los Angeles Angels (@Angels) August 22, 2024

The choice to extend Minasian was puzzling to many, as the Angels have not experienced success or made the playoffs during his tenure despite having stars like Shohei Ohtani, Anthony Rendon, and Mike Trout on the roster. The Angels currently hold the worst record in the American League West, and a 277-338 record under Minasian, typically not the records that earn an extension in professional sports.

Still, Angels owner Arte Moreno believes the team's future is bright under Minasian and wants to see more.

“Over the last four years, Perry and his baseball operations staff have begun to lay the foundation for a bright future of Angels Baseball,” Angels Owner Arte Moreno said in a team press release. “We have been impressed by the steps Perry has taken to infuse our Major League team with young and exciting talent while also revamping our player development process. We believe this extension will allow him to continue the vision of building sustainable success throughout the Angels Organization and deliver a championship for our fans.”

“I am incredibly thankful to Arte and Carole Moreno for their continued trust and support,” Minasian said. “I would also like to thank John Carpino for the tremendous working relationship we have developed over the last four years and I look forward to continuing our plans of bringing the Angels back to being a consistent championship contender.”

The Angels remain in a decade-long playoff drought, having not made the playoffs since 2014. Not only have they fallen short of success under Minasian, but they have made unpopular moves — like letting Shohei Ohtani walk in free agency rather than re-signing him or trading him to get a return, as well as designating Albert Pujols for assignment.

The Angels' farm system and pitching woes have also continued. Los Angeles holds the fourth-worst ERA in MLB, even after they have made extensive efforts to try and fix their bullpen. In Minasian's first MLB Draft with the Angels, the team only drafted pitchers. Just two of those pitchers have made their MLB debut, and none have found a permanent place in the rotation.

Despite these woes, Minasian will get to continue trying to turn this Angels team around for at least the next two years.

EVA GEITHEIM

Eva graduated from UCLA in 2023 with a bachelor's degree in Communication. She has been covering college and professional sports since 2022.

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• Processor: Intel Core i5 or Ryzen 5 3600 and better
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• Hard Drive: 95 GB
• OS: Mac OS Big Sur 11.0 or newer
• Processor: Core i5, minimum 2.2GHz (Intel Xeon is not supported)
• Memory: 6 GB
• Video Card: Intel Iris Pro 5200 (Mac), or analog from AMD/Nvidia for Mac. Minimum supported resolution for the game is 720p with Metal support.
• Processor: Core i7 (Intel Xeon is not supported)
• Memory: 8 GB
• Video Card: Radeon Vega II or higher with Metal support.
• OS: Most modern 64bit Linux distributions
• Processor: Dual-Core 2.4 GHz
• Memory: 4 GB
• Video Card: NVIDIA 660 with latest proprietary drivers (not older than 6 months) / similar AMD with latest proprietary drivers (not older than 6 months; the minimum supported resolution for the game is 720p) with Vulkan support.
• OS: Ubuntu 20.04 64bit
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Today, we’re ready to introduce to you the long-awaited Research Bonuses for New Nations. In this article, we’ll be explaining how it works in full and we’ll also be having testing for this new feature, the dates and times can be seen below.

In summary: Each nation and vehicle tree per nation (Army, Helicopters, Aviation, Bluewater fleet, and Coastal fleet) will each have 3 battles with research bonuses if you have a “top” vehicle researched and purchased in one of the respective trees in another nation . Bonus numbers can be seen in the “ Table of research bonus numbers for each tree type and rank” table below. The bon us is calculated from the base Research Point gained in a battle, and bonus battles reset daily at 00:00 GMT . The number of bonus RP can be seen in the battle results screens, and testing for this new feature will start fro m August 22nd until August 29th .

The 7-day testing phase for Research Bonuses For New Nations has now concluded. We’d like to thank everyone for taking part, posting their results and leaving feedback and constructive criticism. We’ll now be taking a look at the testing results as well as feedback and will get back to you at a later date — soon after the upcoming major update.

How this feature works

Each nation and each vehicle tree per nation (Army, Helicopters, Aviation, Bluewater fleet, and Coastal fleet) will each have research bonuses for 3 battles if you have a “top” vehicle researched and purchased in a tree.

In each tree there are vehicles that are considered “top”. Once you’ve researched and purchased these vehicles, you’ll receive research bonuses for other nations that you don’t have any “top” vehicles for yet. The size of the research bonus depends on the rank of the vehicle being researched and will apply to the first 3 battles each day.

What counts as a “Top” vehicle?

Above, we’ve mentioned “top” vehicles. But what counts as a “top” vehicle?

A “top” vehicle is:

• A vehicle that is in the research tree. The following do not count: premium and squadron vehicles, a locked vehicle (such as an event vehicle), store pack vehicles, and hidden or vehicles on the Market.
• A vehicle that is last in its line in the research tree. If the last in the line is in a group, then the first vehicle in the group is considered the “top” one.
• A vehicle where the maximum Battle Rating of the vehicle among all modes is no more than 2 steps lower than the maximum Battle Rating of the vehicle in this research tree (in the tree type in a nation).
• A vehicle that is located at the maximum rank in the research tree.

You can easily identify the top vehicle by looking in the tree — it’s connected by an arrow to the new Research Bonus Block at the bottom. If the arrow from the “top” vehicle to the new Research Bonus Block in a research tree is not red, this indicates that research bonuses have been unlocked for a particular nation’s tree.

Example of this feature in use

For example, if you have the M1A2 SEP V2 researched and purchased in the USA Army tree, which is the final vehicle at rank VIII in this tree: you now have access to research bonuses for any nation that you don’t yet have a “top” vehicle unlocked for in their respective Army tree. This now means you can research, let’s say, the Strv 81 that’s at rank V in the Swedish Army tree with a 50% research bonus (this number is for rank V Army) to the base research gained for 3 battles per day. You can also research any other Army tree that you don’t have “top” vehicle researched and unlocked yet for any nation for 3 battles as well.

Since you have the M1A2 SEP V2 which is considered a “top” vehicle, you’ll not get any research bonuses towards the USA’s Army tree, even if you’re still researching a vehicle in this tree. This is because this new feature is catered towards research bonuses for other nations where you may not have any or many vehicles unlocked.

Adding to the above, let’s also say that you have a “top” aircraft in Great Britain researched and purchased, for example the Sea Harrier FA 2. You now have research bonuses for any nation’s Aviation tree where you don’t yet have a “top” aircraft researched and purchased.

Checking which nations you currently have bonuses for

To see which nations you have research bonuses for, hover over this new block section in each of the Army, Aviation, Helicopters, Bluewater / Coastal fleet trees. In the below example, this account has research bonuses for the Army trees in Germany, Japan, China, Italy, France, Sweden and Israel. On this account, 2 battles have already been played for Germany, which is why there’s 1 left. For the other nations, there’s still 3 battles that can be played with research bonuses.

On this same account, for the Aviation portion, this account has 3 research bonus battles for the USA, Germany, USSR, Japan, China, Italy, France, Sweden, and Israel.

A daily bonus research icon is also shown on each nation and can be hovered over to see which vehicles are receiving bonus research.

The numbers

Bonus Research Points are catered towards the mid to higher ranks, where the amount of research points required to unlock a vehicle is higher. This means that ranks I, II and III will not have any research bonuses. These are the following bonus numbers:

Table of research bonus numbers for each tree type and rank

This information can be seen by hovering over the new research icon on a vehicle that you’re researching. This icon will only appear on a vehicle that you’re currently researching in a tree that is receiving research bonuses.

Once you’ve played the 3 research bonus battles for a nation and vehicle type tree, the reset happens at 00:00 GMT everyday (the time shown in-game is specific based on your local time).

The bonus amount is calculated on the base Research Points gained in a battle, the same as how Skill Bonuses work. For Enduring Confrontation (EC), every 30 minutes spent in one battle will count as an additional battle, similarly to how Boosters work. However, unlike Boosters, the length of the battle only determines how many bonus battles you spend in it. It doesn’t affect the bonus size, as it is always calculated as a percentage of the whole base RP. So, for example for a 3-hour long EC session your reward would be increased for the same percentage as a usual battle, even though you have spent your bonus battles before the end of EC session.

How to see your bonuses after a battle

Research Bonuses work in any random battles game mode, and will be applied if a vehicle of this kind was used in it. For example, the bonus for aircraft will also be added to the base reward acquired with aircraft in Ground and Naval Battles, not just in Air Battles.

If you played a battle and received 0 mission points and 0 base RP with a respective vehicle, for example a helicopter in Ground Realistic Battles where the battle ended and you had no time to do anything, you will not receive any research bonus to helicopters. The research bonus battle for helicopters is also not spent, so you’ll not waste 1 of the 3 research bonus battles for helicopters in a nation.

So, you’ve played a battle and got research bonuses for a nation you haven’t researched much of yet. Nice! The bonus you receive is shown in the My results screen under “New nation research bonus” as well as in the Battles section in the messages area.

Get testing!

As mentioned above, you can log into the game now and try out everything that we’ve explained above. Give it a go!

Here are some real-life like scenarios and answers. Please feel free to ask any questions that you have.

Q: I only play German ground vehicles and have a rank VIII ground vehicle unlocked, the Leopard 2A7V. But for Great Britain I have nothing in ground, I’m starting from rank I and would like to try them. Will I have any bonuses?

A: Yes, but not for rank I, II or III. At these ranks, the daily bonus symbol will be on the vehicle you’re researching, but will instead say +0%. When you start researching a rank IV vehicle in Great Britain, you’ll get +25% bonus, and the respective amounts for each rank (as mentioned above) going up.

Q: I only play one nation, the USSR. I have a max rank vehicle unlocked and purchased in Aviation, Army and Helicopters for this nation, but have nothing unlocked in any other nation. How many bonuses will I get?

A: For the other 9 nations, you’ll have 3 battles where you’ll have bonus research points when researching them at rank IV or higher. For example, 3 for USA Aviation, 3 for USA Army, and 3 for USA Helicopters and so on, and the exactly same for each of the other nations too.

Q: I only play the USA, and I have every single plane in the USA tree researched and purchased, but only up to rank IV for their ground tree. Will I get bonuses for the ground tree?

A: No. Bonuses only apply to their respective vehicle type trees. Since you have rank VIII USA aviation unlocked, you’ll get bonuses starting from rank IV in all other nation’s aviation trees if you don’t have a “top” aircraft unlocked for them yet; not ground.

Q: If I don’t plan to play with a vehicle from a nation that has a research bonus available, can I disable the display of the bonus icons?

A: Yes. You can toggle the display of the bonus icon in the research branch using the “Show remaining bonus in headers” option.

Q: If a new “top” vehicle is added to the tree, will I be able to research it using the bonus? If I got a “top” vehicle in a tree, will I never be able to get a bonus?

A: The bonus status will be updated when new vehicles are introduced. You can either lose it or get it. If you have top for only one nation, and this nation gets a new top vehicle right after the one you have, then your bonus will be lost until you acquire the new vehicle. If you have a bonus from several nations, and a new top vehicle is added to one of the trees right after the only top vehicle you have there, then this tree will receive the bonus again.

• 8 August 2024

• 1 August 2024

• 29 August 2024

Comments ( 22 )

Miserable bonus miserable amount of times per day as a "bonus" for people who spent at year(if not years) on your game. That's something special

yeah we endured several delays for this, then they give us watered down war thunder beta x2 bonus

Gaijin trying to not be greedy (challenge impossible)

3 battles with +100% bonus to _base_ RP at best? Lol, lmao.

This kinda looks like gaijin want to give us something but at the same time gaijin is nervously sweating trying to hold back as much as possible. To be honest it seems really complicated. Im here since 2012 and i remember the daily nation bonus i got when playing first match for any nation. it was 2x and on special occasions even 5x if i remember correctly.. that was nice and even gave me reason to play different nations just because of the daily bonus.

So the bonus stops at the longest part of the grind, if you were so set on the 3 battles minimum you could have atleast extended the bonus to any vehicle you want to grind

It should have been permanent % boost to all battles.

Cool daily bonus on research that stops when you hit toptier on a tree. Seems like the removed daily bonus with a twist.

Just cause somebody completes 1 line of a tree doesn't mean that they finished a whole tech tree and yet you still think it's a good idea to just take the bonus away after they reach some arbitrary point doesn't seem right imo

_S1mba, Hey. The bonus for that nation only stops once you both research and purchase the end of line vehicle. So you can research it but not purchase it for now and still get the bonus by researching other lines or the vehicles around it.

Good to see it happening, but what is the reasoning behind not giving full bonus at lower ranks? It is great to see +100% at VII+, but why not let veterans go through I-III faster? Sealclubbing isnt fun for both sides

McKinsey takes a hard look at the energy transition’s hard stuff

August 22, 2024 The McKinsey Global Institute (MGI) has conducted extensive research on the economic, financial and societal aspects of the net-zero transition, working with colleagues from our Sustainability and Global Energy and Materials Practices.

“We wanted to flip the paradigm in this report, and focus on the physical realities—the nuts and bolts—in the ‘here and now,’” explains Tiago Devesa , a senior fellow at MGI. “What are the technologies, supply chains, and infrastructure we need to run the high-performance low-emissions energy system of the future?”

In this post, Mekala Krishnan , the McKinsey Global Institute partner who led the research, and Tiago share what they learned.

The hard stuff: Navigating the physical realities of the energy transition

The energy transition is a physical transformation in its early stages. What challenges lie ahead?

Tell us about the scope of the research—what exactly does the “hard stuff” mean?

Tiago : Our team looked across seven domains that would have to be physically transformed, such as power, industry, and mobility. It’s a landscape with some 60,000 power plants; more than 1.5 billion vehicles on the roads; and 2 million kilometers of oil and gas pipelines. We interviewed our own as well as external experts about topics ranging from exciting innovations in industrial heat in Europe, to new lithium extraction technologies in Argentina, and the latest long-duration energy storage projects in China. We identified the 25 biggest physical challenges—and classified them into three levels of difficulty. So basically we are saying if we want to get the energy transition right, we need to look at its physical realities—the “hard stuff.”

What surprised you in this analysis?

Tiago: A couple things are a bit staggering. There has been tremendous momentum in recent years, especially in wind and solar power, electric cars, heat pumps. Climate finance has started to flow; and many companies have made considerable commitments.

But right now, we're only at about 10 percent of the deployment of ‘physical assets’—technologies and infrastructure—that we will need to meet global commitments by 2050. This is not an abstract dollar number, or goal, or theoretical pathway. It’s the physical world that exists around us today. So, despite all the momentum, we’re still in very early stages of the energy transition.

Mekala: I don't want to underestimate the task at hand: it is a huge bending of the so-called “emissions curve.” But what was fascinating is that of the 90 percent we have left to go, things are evenly split: half of the energy system-related emissions are in what we call “Level 1 and Level 2” challenges—things that are relatively easy to solve; it’s a matter of how to best deploy mature technologies. But the remaining 50 percent are what we call “Level 3—the harder challenges.

Can you give an example of a harder challenge?

Mekala: In some domains, including hydrogen, carbon capture, and industrial production, we’re sometimes at 1 percent deployment or even less of where we will eventually need to be.

For example, many of the technologies to produce low-emissions steel are relatively nascent, with issues to solve. Then there is the challenge of scaling any new technology: we would need to retrofit massive facilities processing millions of tons of steel around the world. Third, we need to solve the adjacent problem of accessing enough low-emissions hydrogen and power, and their respective value chains—inputs that are needed for the manufacturing of decarbonized steel.

This illustrates what makes this work hard. We see this in cement, in plastics, in ammonia: the consistent theme of technology performance gaps, massive scaling needs, and entwined linkages.

But even in the case of Level 3 challenges, there are ways to make progress. For example, producing new, virgin steel in a low-emissions way is difficult, but recycling steel is pretty mature. We've been doing it for decades, it's fairly low-cost. So simply increasing the recycling share of steel can go quite a long way in abating emissions.

We are also seeing many new potential solutions: the Hybrit project in low-emissions steel, LEILAC in cement, and Hubei Yingchang in compressed air storage for long-duration energy storage. The task now is continuing to innovate to improve performance, reduce costs, and scale.

What are some examples of Level 1 challenges or easier wins?

Tiago: The average electric car being sold today can cover the needs of more than 70 percent of households, and high-end models more than 90 percent. There's still work to be done, but we're close there. Another example is air-source heat pumps, which can serve the needs of over 95 percent of the human population no matter where they live.

This is encouraging because these are two of the foundational technologies that we need to decarbonize mobility and buildings.

How are we helping companies interpret this research for their own sustainability work?

Mekala: They can use this understanding of the physical challenges to ask themselves three questions and calibrate their action:

The first is, “Based on Level 1 challenges which are relatively easy to address, what initiatives can I take today that will have an impact?”

A second is, “For our so-called Level 2 challenges, where there are constraints to scaling, where do I expect there to be bottlenecks, or hurdles in the medium-term, and how do we prepare for these?” For example, “how can I plan for a projected shortage in critical minerals in the period to 2030?”

A third question that relates to the very hardest challenges, “Can we play a role here? Where is the potential to create value for our business? And where do we need to innovate on individual technologies and form strategic partnerships to help solve some of them?”

What should readers take away from this work?

Mekala: The more I work on this topic, the more I am fascinated by how, while we can often talk about individual technologies, sectors, companies, or countries, at its core, what we are talking about is a system-wide transformation. I go back to our metaphor: we are not replacing the bulb, we are rewiring an entire house.

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