Week
1
2
3
Project End
Date
Jan 1 – Jan 7
Jan 8 – Jan 14
Jan 15 – Jan 21
Phase 1
Planning
Phase 2
Research
Phase 3
Analysis
For example, your money allocation table can look like this:
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|
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Items required for research | X amount of dollars |
Permissions | X amount of dollars |
To pay survey respondents | X amount of dollars |
Add in additional details | X amount of dollars |
Add in additional details | X amount of dollars |
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|
The reference list should always begin on a new page. Depending on your subject, there will probably be a specific format and referencing pattern for written work (Chicago, Harvard, MLA, Social Sciences) . Before you start writing, make sure you know what the convention for your subject area is, learn it and stick to it. There are a wide variety of different referencing conventions so it is important to make sure you find the correct one and stay consistent.
This will make doing your research proposal (and future research) a lot easier. Depending on your subject, your referencing may involve in-text citations or footnotes. Either way, your proposal will need a full reference list or bibliography at the end, including all of the secondary works you have mentioned in your literature review and primary sources (if applicable) .
You do not, however, need to include work that you have read in preparation but not used or mentioned in your work. Make sure this is correctly formatted — plenty of style guides for each referencing style are available online. Also, remember to lay out your reference list in alphabetical order by the authors’ surnames.
[Researcher.FirstName] [Researcher.LastName]
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To make a comprehensive research proposal, make sure you answer all the questions your review committee might have, such as who is your sample audience, what kind of questions you plan to ask them, why you are conducting this research, what you think will come out of it, etc. Leave no room for assumptions. Alternatively, you can also use this template to best understand which nitty-gritty details to cover.
Written by: Raja Mandal
So you have a groundbreaking research idea you've spent months or even years developing, and now you're ready to take the next step.
How do you get funding for your research, and how should you approach potential funders? The answer is to create a convincing research proposal.
Unfortunately, most research proposals often get rejected. According to the European Research Council, the success rate for repeat proposal applications was only 14.8% in 2023 .
Pitching a novel research concept isn’t enough. To increase your chances of securing funding, your research proposal must check the right boxes in terms of clarity, feasibility, aesthetic appeal and other factors.
If you’re looking for inspiration to create a persuasive and feasible proposal, you’re in the right place. In this article, we have compiled a list of research proposal examples to help you create yours.
These examples will help you understand how to organize your proposal, what information to include and how to present it in a way that encourages others to support your project.
Let's dive in!
What is a research proposal, what to include in a research proposal, 8 research proposal examples & templates, research proposal faqs.
A research proposal is a structured document that outlines the core idea of your research, the methods you intend to use, the required resources and the expected results.
Think of it as a sales pitch for your research. It answers some big questions: What are you planning to explore? Why is it important to conduct the research? What are your research objectives and the methods you’ll use to achieve them? What are the potential outcomes or contributions of this research to the field?
A research proposal serves two primary purposes. First, it convinces funding bodies or academic committees to support your research project expected to bring new ideas and insights. Second, it provides a roadmap for your research journey, helping you stay focused, organized and on track.
Now, we'll discuss what to include in a research proposal. You'll learn about the important parts of a research proposal template and how they help present your research idea clearly.
Here’s an infographic that you can use to understand the elements of a research proposal quickly.
Start your research proposal with a title page that clearly states your research. The title page is like a book cover, giving the first impression of your project. Therefore, you must ensure the design is engaging enough to attract your audience at first glance.
Include the following details on your title page:
After the title page comes the abstract and the table of contents.
The abstract is a concise summary of your project that briefly outlines your research question, the reasons behind the study and the methods you intend to use. It is a quick way for readers to understand your proposal without reading the entire document.
The table of contents is a detailed list of the sections and subsections in your proposal, with page numbers. It helps readers navigate through your document and quickly locate different parts they're interested in.
The introduction of your research proposal sets the tone for the rest of the document. It should grab the reader's attention and make them want to learn more. It's your chance to make a strong case for why your research is worth investigating and how it can fill a gap in current knowledge or solve a specific problem.
Make sure that your introduction covers the following:
A literature review is a list of the scholarly works you used to conduct your research. It helps you demonstrate your current knowledge about the topic.
Here's how this part works:
This section outlines your plan for answering your research question. It explains how you intend to gather and analyze information, providing a clear roadmap of the investigation process.
Here are the key components:
Describe the entire group you're interested in (the population). This could be all teachers in a specific state or all social media platform users. After that, you will need to explain how you will choose a smaller group, known as a sample, to study directly. This sample should be selected to accurately represent the larger population you are interested in studying.
To choose the right sampling method, you need to assess your population properly. For instance, to obtain general insights, you can use random sampling to select individuals without bias. If the population consists of different categories, such as professionals and students, you can use stratified sampling to ensure that each category is represented in the sample.
Other popular sampling methods include systematic, convenience, purposive, cluster, and probability sampling techniques.
There are three main approaches for the research: qualitative (focusing on experiences and themes), quantitative (using numbers and statistics), or mixed methods (combining both). Your choice will depend on your research question and the kind of data you need.
This section details the specific methods you'll use to gather information. Will you distribute surveys online or in person? Conduct interviews? Perhaps you'll use existing data sets. Here, you'll also explain how you'll ensure the data collection process is reliable and ethical.
Once you have collected your data, the next step is to analyze it to obtain meaningful insights. The method you choose depends on the available data type.
If you have quantitative data, you can employ statistical tests to analyze it. And if you're dealing with qualitative data, coding techniques can help you spot patterns and themes in your collected data.
In this section, you need to explain how your research will contribute to the existing knowledge in your field. You should describe whether your study will fill a knowledge gap, challenge conventional ideas or beliefs or offer a fresh perspective on a topic.
Clearly outline how your work will advance your field of study and why this new knowledge is essential.
Create a timeline with important milestones, such as finishing your literature review, completing data collection and finalizing your analysis.
This shows that you've carefully considered the scope of your project and can manage your time effectively. Furthermore, account for possible delays and be prepared to adapt your schedule accordingly.
To create this timeline, consider using a visual tool like a Gantt chart or a simple spreadsheet. These tools will help you organize individual tasks, assign deadlines, and visualize the project's overall progress.
Choose a Gantt chart template from Visme's library and customize it to create your timeline quickly. Here's an example template:
The budget section is your opportunity to show them that you've carefully considered all necessary expenses and that your funding request is justified.
Here's how you can approach this part:
Using these research proposal examples and templates, you can create a winning proposal in no time. You will find templates for various topics and customize every aspect of them to make them your own.
Visme’s drag-and-drop editor, advanced features and a vast library of templates help organizations and individuals worldwide create engaging documents.
Here’s what a research student who uses Visme to create award-winning presentations has to say about the tool:
Research Student
Now, let’s dive into the research proposal examples.
This research proposal presentation template is a powerful tool for presenting your research plan to stakeholders. The slides include specific sections to help you outline your research, including the research background, questions, objectives, methodology and expected results.
The slides create a coherent narrative, highlighting the importance and significance of your research. Overall, the template has a calming and professional blue color scheme with text that enables your audience to grasp the key points.
If you need help creating your presentation slides in a fraction of the time, check out Visme's AI presentation maker . Enter your requirements using text prompts, and the AI tool will generate a complete presentation with engaging visuals, text and clear structure. You can further customize the template completely to your needs.
Sales research gives you a deeper understanding of their target audience. It also helps you identify gaps in the market and develop effective sales strategies that drive revenue growth. With this research proposal template, you can secure funding for your next research project.
It features a sleek and professional grayscale color palette with a classic and modern vibe. The high-quality images in the template are strategically placed to reinforce the message without overwhelming the reader. Furthermore, the template includes a vertical bar graph that effectively represents budget allocations, enabling the reader to quickly grasp the information.
Use Visme's interactive elements and animations to add a dynamic layer to your research proposals. You can animate any object and add pop-ups or link pages for a more immersive experience. Use these functionalities to highlight key findings, demonstrate trends or guide readers through your proposal, making the content engaging and interactive.
This proposal template is a great tool for securing funding for any type of research project. It begins with a captivating title page that grabs attention. The beautiful design elements and vector icons enhance the aesthetic and aid visual communication.
This template revolves around how a specific user group adopts cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum. The goal is to assess awareness, gauge interest and understand key factors affecting cryptocurrency adoption.
The project methodology includes survey design, data collection, and market research. The expected impact is to enhance customer engagement and position the company as a customer-centric brand.
Do you need additional help crafting the perfect text for your proposal? Visme's AI writer can quickly generate content outlines, summaries and even entire sections. Just explain your requirements to the tool using a text prompt, and the tool will generate it for you.
Creating a product that delights users begins with detailed product research. With this modern proposal template, you can secure buy-in and funding for your next research.
It starts with a background that explains why the research is important. Next, it highlights what the research is set to achieve, how the research will be conducted, how much it will cost, the timeline and the expected outcomes. With a striking color scheme combining black, yellow, and gray, the template grabs attention and maintains it until the last page.
What we love about this template is the smart use of visuals. You'll find a flowchart explaining the methodology, a bar graph for the budget, and a timeline for the project. But that’s just the tip of the iceberg regarding the visual elements you’ll find in Visme.
Visme offers data visualization tools with 30+ data widgets, such as radial gauges, population arrays, progress bars and more. These tools can help you turn complex data into engaging visuals for your research proposal or any other document.
For larger data sets, you can choose from 20+ types of charts and graphs , including bar graphs , bubble charts , Venn diagrams and more.
If you’re a tech researcher, we’ve got the perfect template for you. This research proposal example is about predictive analytics in e-commerce. However, you can customize it for any other type of research proposal.
It highlights the project's objectives, including the effectiveness of predictive analysis, the impact of product recommendations and supply chain optimization. The methods proposed for achieving these objectives involve A/B testing and data analysis, a comprehensive budget and a 12-month timeline for clear project planning.
The title page has a unique triptych-style layout that immediately catches the reader's attention. It has plenty of white space that enhances readability, allowing your audience to focus on the critical points.
Submitting to different funding agencies? You don’t have to manually make changes to your document. Visme's dynamic fields can help save time and eliminate repetitive data entry.
Create custom fields like project names, addresses, contact information and more. Any changes made to these fields will automatically populate throughout the document.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is taking the world by storm and the marketing niche isn’t left out. With this eye-catching template, you can attract attention to your proposed marketing research project for an AI-driven platform.
The main goal of the research is to evaluate the platform's feasibility and marketing potential. To achieve this goal, the scope of work includes a comprehensive analysis of the market and competitors and pilot testing. The proposal also contains a budget overview that clearly outlines the allocation of funds, ensuring a well-planned and transparent approach.
Using Visme's Brand Design Tool , you can easily customize this template to suit your branding with just one click. Simply enter your URL into the brand wizard, and the tool will automatically extract your company logo, brand colors, and brand fonts . Once saved, you or your team members can apply the branding elements to any document. It's that simple!
The environmental research proposal example focuses on carbon emissions, identifies their contributing factors, and suggests sustainable practices to address them. It uses an appropriate sample size and data collection techniques to gather and evaluate data and provide sustainable recommendations to reduce industrial carbon footprints and waste.
From a design standpoint, the green and white color combination matches the theme of nature and environmental friendliness. In addition to its aesthetic appeal, the proposal includes relevant images that support ecological advocacy, making it informative and visually aligned with its purpose.
A key feature of this template is its detailed breakdown of the project's timeline. It uses a Gantt chart to clearly present stages, milestones and deadlines.
Collaborate with your team members to customize these research proposal templates using Visme’s collaborative design features . These features allow you to leave feedback, draw annotations and even make live edits. Invite your teammates via email or a shareable link and allow them to work together on projects.
This research proposal template is a total game-changer - you can use it for any research proposal and customize it however you want. It features a modern and refreshing color scheme that immediately makes it stand out, providing a contemporary look that can adapt to any project's needs.
The template's layout is thoughtfully designed with primary fields that users can easily personalize by changing text, adjusting colors, or swapping images. No matter the research topic, you can tailor the template to fit your specific needs.
Once you're done customizing your research proposal template on Visme, you can download, share and publish it in different ways. For offline usage, you may download the proposal in PDF, PNG, or JPG format. To share it online, you can use a private or public link or generate a code snippet that you can embed anywhere on the web.
Want to create other types of proposals? Here are 29 proposal templates that you can easily customize in Visme.
Follow these steps to write a solid research proposal:
If you want to learn more about creating an expert research proposal , we highly recommend checking out our in-depth guide.
Research proposals can range from 1,000 to 5,000 words. For smaller projects or when specific requirements aren't provided, aim for a concise and informative proposal that effectively outlines your research plan.
However, the ideal length depends on these factors:
The time it takes to write a research proposal depends on a few factors:
Set aside several weeks to a couple of months for researching, writing, and revising your proposal. Start early to avoid stress and produce your best work.
There are several factors that can make a research proposal weak. Here are some of the most common errors that you should avoid while preparing your research proposal:
Writing a compelling research proposal takes effort, but with the right tools, the process becomes a breeze. Use the research proposal examples and templates in this article as a launching point to write your own proposal.
The best part? Visme provides easy-to-use tools with a vast collection of customizable templates, design elements and powerful features.
Whether you're a seasoned researcher or a student, Visme has the resources to help you create visually appealing and well-structured research proposals. In addition to research proposals, Visme helps you create many other document types, such as presentations , infographics , reports and more.
Ready to create your own research proposal? Check out Visme's proposal maker and start crafting professional and engaging proposals in minutes!
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Raja Antony Mandal is a Content Writer at Visme. He can quickly adapt to different writing styles, possess strong research skills, and know SEO fundamentals. Raja wants to share valuable information with his audience by telling captivating stories in his articles. He wants to travel and party a lot on the weekends, but his guitar, drum set, and volleyball court don’t let him.
Reference books.
When applying for a research grant or scholarship, or, just before you start a major research project, you may be asked to write a preliminary document that includes basic information about your future research. This is the information that is usually needed in your proposal:
Most agencies that offer scholarships or grants provide information about the required format of the proposal. It may include filling out templates, types of information they need, suggested/maximum length of the proposal, etc.
Research proposal formats vary depending on the size of the planned research, the number of participants, the discipline, the characteristics of the research, etc. The following outline assumes an individual researcher. This is just a SAMPLE; several other ways are equally good and can be successful. If possible, discuss your research proposal with an expert in writing, a professor, your colleague, another student who already wrote successful proposals, etc.
by Evan Kramer
As master’s and PhD students, we all aspire to conduct quality research. The question many of us are faced with is: how do we formulate a research topic that is well poised for performing quality research? Research topics are meant to encompass the majority or entirety of our work during our graduate career and, when well-defined, can result in opportunities to publish several high-impact academic papers. The effort required to formulate a well-defined research topic is significant, but necessary to avoid running into unforeseen challenges during your PhD. This blog post discusses the concepts that should be considered for anyone looking to define their research topic. While students have varying degrees of autonomy in shaping their research due to funding constraints and advisor expectations, the concepts discussed in this blog post account for these facets and can serve as a framework for any situation.
Overview diagram of a framework for formulating a well-defined research topic.
Quality research is independent , important , and unique .
This definition identifies a set of requirements that a research topic must meet. These requirements will be discussed in more detail to orient the research topic formulation process.
Independent – Independent research can be conducted entirely by you without assistance from outside sources. While you should actively seek collaborations with others to boost the reach of your work, will you be able to complete your research objectives without relying on resources provided by others? Framing your research topic and objectives in this manner gives you protection to flakey collaborators and will keep you on track to graduate on time. For example, something you may want to avoid is crafting a research topic around the usage of one particular data set maintained by a private company. While initial collaboration talks may go smoothly, you don’t want your ability to pursue your research project in the hands of someone else!
Important – Important research makes a contribution towards answering a specific question, or a gap in knowledge, among a research community that has been posed by several scholars. You may ask yourself: if you carry out your research to completion, will your contributions answer outstanding questions posed by multiple scholars in your research community? Note that the question your work addresses may not be explicitly posed in the literature, but identifying common limitations can help formulate a gap in knowledge that you can work towards filling. Aligning your research objectives with specific and commonly posed questions can increase the chance of your work being cited by other scholars and integrated into practices in industry.
Unique – Unique research makes a first-of-its-kind contribution. There are several ways in which your research can be unique. For example, uniqueness may be assumed if you contribute the first work to a completely unanswered question in your field. Alternatively, you may make a unique contribution to a question that has already been addressed by approaching it in a new way. Knowledge of your chosen field’s state of the art and previous foundations is useful when checking the uniqueness of your work, which can only be verified by thorough literature review. Regardless of the way your research is unique, it is important to identify the uniqueness of your work within the context of existing work in related areas.
With these three research topic characteristics in mind, the following presents a high level path to formulating your well-defined research topic.
1. look inwards.
Based on previous experiences in coursework, internships, and extracurricular activities, create a two-column list. The first column lists research fields you found interesting. The second column lists ideas that align with your personal motivations for pursuing a career in STEM research. An example of this list may look like the following:
Space propulsion | Reducing aerospace industry contributions to climate change |
Aerospace controls | Increasing equitable access to space capabilities for low-resource nations |
Remote sensing | Improving accessibility of space data for non-experts |
High-speed aerodynamics | Bolstering safety of space travel |
LEO constellation astrodynamics | Enabling efficient natural disaster response for remote communities |
Given the two-column lists you created, start familiarizing yourself with the current state of the art. Starting with articles in popular science media outlets can be effective for initial cursory surveys. Any articles that pique your interest should be followed by deeper dives into related literature in Google Scholar. It is likely that several of the topics in the left column of your list get crossed off quickly when you realize they no longer interest you. Continue this process until a subset of around three areas remains. Your two-column list may then look like this:
Reducing aerospace industry contributions to climate change | |
Aerospace controls | Increasing equitable access to space capabilities for low-resource nations |
Remote sensing | Improving accessibility of space data for non-experts |
Bolstering safety of space travel | |
LEO constellation astrodynamics | Enabling efficient natural disaster response for remote communities |
Note that the right hand column remains unchanged. You very likely will not be able to address all of your personal motivations for pursuing STEM research in your eventual research topic, but now is when you can start connecting topics you find interesting to research applications that personally motivate you.
While the research topic definition process should be approached predominantly with your own interests in mind, at this stage, it is important to consider where your funding is coming from. Typically, there will be specific fields your research must overlap with based on your funding source. Schedule a discussion with your advisor to share your topic definition process so far and ask if there are topics you should add to your list based on research group and funding requirements. Based on this discussion, add a third column to the list you’ve created that describes the necessary areas of overlap for your research.
Reducing aerospace industry contributions to climate change | AI applied to satellite operations | |
Aerospace controls | Increasing equitable access to space capabilities for low-resource nations | Testbed development for satellite dynamics and control algorithm testing |
Remote sensing | Improving accessibility of space data for non-experts | Effects of the space environment on satellite operations |
Bolstering safety of space travel | ||
LEO constellation astrodynamics | Enabling efficient natural disaster response for remote communities |
At this point you are trying to iterate on combinations identified in your three-column list. You can begin to formulate an overarching research statement from these combinations. Research statements generally have the form “To…by…while…”. This sentence structure explicitly identifies what you are trying to accomplish, how you will accomplish it, and which constraints you will account for. A possible research statement could be defined with one entry from each column, or you may be able to create a topic with multiple entries from each column. In this blog’s example list, a research statement could be the following:
To enable efficient natural disaster response for remote communities by developing an AI-powered rapid response scheduling algorithm for a remote sensing satellite while accounting for limitations to satellite operations imposed by the space environment .
You may create a few iterations of overarching research statements like this. As you continue to read focused areas in the literature, formulate a focus area Venn Diagram. By allocating articles in your literature search to portions of the diagram, you can stay organized and keep track of the work you’re doing. For the example statement above, your Venn Diagram could look like this:
Venn diagram of research topic focus areas. The most relevant literature review items can be added to each region of the diagram to track and organize your efforts.
At this point, you are well on your way to formalizing your research topic. The formalization step involves writing research questions, drafting objective statements, and identifying your research contributions. AeroAstro Communications Lab fellows can help you with these next steps through one-on-one appointments !
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Published on October 30, 2022 by Shona McCombes . Revised on October 19, 2023.
The research question is one of the most important parts of your research paper , thesis or dissertation . It’s important to spend some time assessing and refining your question before you get started.
The exact form of your question will depend on a few things, such as the length of your project, the type of research you’re conducting, the topic , and the research problem . However, all research questions should be focused, specific, and relevant to a timely social or scholarly issue.
Once you’ve read our guide on how to write a research question , you can use these examples to craft your own.
Research question | Explanation |
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The first question is not enough. The second question is more , using . | |
Starting with “why” often means that your question is not enough: there are too many possible answers. By targeting just one aspect of the problem, the second question offers a clear path for research. | |
The first question is too broad and subjective: there’s no clear criteria for what counts as “better.” The second question is much more . It uses clearly defined terms and narrows its focus to a specific population. | |
It is generally not for academic research to answer broad normative questions. The second question is more specific, aiming to gain an understanding of possible solutions in order to make informed recommendations. | |
The first question is too simple: it can be answered with a simple yes or no. The second question is , requiring in-depth investigation and the development of an original argument. | |
The first question is too broad and not very . The second question identifies an underexplored aspect of the topic that requires investigation of various to answer. | |
The first question is not enough: it tries to address two different (the quality of sexual health services and LGBT support services). Even though the two issues are related, it’s not clear how the research will bring them together. The second integrates the two problems into one focused, specific question. | |
The first question is too simple, asking for a straightforward fact that can be easily found online. The second is a more question that requires and detailed discussion to answer. | |
? dealt with the theme of racism through casting, staging, and allusion to contemporary events? | The first question is not — it would be very difficult to contribute anything new. The second question takes a specific angle to make an original argument, and has more relevance to current social concerns and debates. |
The first question asks for a ready-made solution, and is not . The second question is a clearer comparative question, but note that it may not be practically . For a smaller research project or thesis, it could be narrowed down further to focus on the effectiveness of drunk driving laws in just one or two countries. |
Note that the design of your research question can depend on what method you are pursuing. Here are a few options for qualitative, quantitative, and statistical research questions.
Type of research | Example question |
---|---|
Qualitative research question | |
Quantitative research question | |
Statistical research question |
If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.
Methodology
Statistics
Research bias
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McCombes, S. (2023, October 19). 10 Research Question Examples to Guide your Research Project. Scribbr. Retrieved August 12, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/research-process/research-question-examples/
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Home » Proposal – Types, Examples, and Writing Guide
Table of Contents
Definition:
Proposal is a formal document or presentation that outlines a plan, idea, or project and seeks to persuade others to support or adopt it. Proposals are commonly used in business, academia, and various other fields to propose new initiatives, solutions to problems, research studies, or business ventures.
While the specific layout of a proposal may vary depending on the requirements or guidelines provided by the recipient, there are some common sections that are typically included in a standard proposal. Here’s a typical layout for a proposal:
When it comes to proposals, there are various types depending on the context and purpose. Here are some common types of proposals:
This type of proposal is used in the business world to present a plan, idea, or project to potential clients, investors, or partners. It typically includes an executive summary, problem statement, proposed solution, timeline, budget, and anticipated outcomes.
A project proposal is a detailed document that outlines the objectives, scope, methodology, deliverables, and budget of a specific project. It is used to seek approval and funding from stakeholders or clients.
Research proposals are commonly used in academic or scientific settings. They outline the research objectives, methodology, timeline, expected outcomes, and potential significance of a research study. These proposals are submitted to funding agencies, universities, or research institutions.
Non-profit organizations, researchers, or individuals seeking funding for a project or program often write grant proposals. These proposals provide a detailed plan of the project, including goals, methods, budget, and expected outcomes, to convince grant-making bodies to provide financial support.
Sales proposals are used by businesses to pitch their products or services to potential customers. They typically include information about the product/service, pricing, features, benefits, and a persuasive argument to encourage the recipient to make a purchase.
When seeking sponsorship for an event, sports team, or individual, a sponsorship proposal is created. It outlines the benefits for the sponsor, the exposure they will receive, and the financial or in-kind support required.
A marketing proposal is developed by marketing agencies or professionals to present their strategies and tactics to potential clients. It includes an analysis of the target market, proposed marketing activities, budget, and expected results.
In the realm of government or public policy, individuals or organizations may create policy proposals to suggest new laws, regulations, or changes to existing policies. These proposals typically provide an overview of the issue, the proposed solution, supporting evidence, and potential impacts.
Organizations often create training proposals to propose a training program for their employees. These proposals outline the training objectives, topics to be covered, training methods, resources required, and anticipated outcomes.
When two or more organizations or individuals wish to collaborate or form a partnership, a partnership proposal is used to present the benefits, shared goals, responsibilities, and terms of the proposed partnership.
Event planners or individuals organizing an event, such as a conference, concert, or wedding, may create an event proposal. It includes details about the event concept, venue, logistics, budget, marketing plan, and anticipated attendee experience.
Technology proposals are used to present new technological solutions, system upgrades, or IT projects to stakeholders or decision-makers. These proposals outline the technology requirements, implementation plan, costs, and anticipated benefits.
Contractors or construction companies create construction proposals to bid on construction projects. These proposals include project specifications, cost estimates, timelines, materials, and construction methodologies.
Authors or aspiring authors create book proposals to pitch their book ideas to literary agents or publishers. These proposals include a synopsis of the book, target audience, marketing plan, author’s credentials, and sample chapters.
Social media professionals or agencies create social media proposals to present their strategies for managing social media accounts, creating content, and growing online presence. These proposals include an analysis of the current social media presence, proposed tactics, metrics for success, and pricing.
Similar to training proposals, these proposals focus on the overall development and growth of employees within an organization. They may include plans for leadership development, skill enhancement, or professional certification programs.
Consultants create consulting proposals to present their services and expertise to potential clients. These proposals outline the problem statement, proposed approach, scope of work, timeline, deliverables, and fees.
Organizations or individuals seeking to influence public policy or advocate for a particular cause create policy advocacy proposals. These proposals present research, evidence, and arguments to support a specific policy change or reform.
Web designers or agencies create website design proposals to pitch their services to clients. These proposals outline the project scope, design concepts, development process, timeline, and pricing.
Environmental proposals are created to address environmental issues or propose conservation initiatives. These proposals may include strategies for renewable energy, waste management, biodiversity preservation, or sustainable practices.
Proposals related to health and wellness can cover a range of topics, such as wellness programs, community health initiatives, healthcare system improvements, or health education campaigns.
HR professionals may create HR proposals to introduce new policies, employee benefits programs, performance evaluation systems, or employee training initiatives within an organization.
Nonprofit organizations seeking funding or support for a specific program or project create nonprofit program proposals. These proposals outline the program’s objectives, activities, target beneficiaries, budget, and expected outcomes.
When bidding for government contracts, businesses or contractors create government contract proposals. These proposals include details about the project, compliance with regulations, cost estimates, and qualifications.
Businesses or individuals seeking to develop and launch a new product present product development proposals. These proposals outline the product concept, market analysis, development process, production costs, and marketing strategies.
Feasibility study proposals are used to assess the viability and potential success of a project or business idea. These proposals include market research, financial analysis, risk assessment, and recommendations for implementation.
Educational institutions or organizations create educational program proposals to introduce new courses, curricula, or educational initiatives. These proposals outline the program objectives, learning outcomes, curriculum design, and resource requirements.
Organizations involved in social services, such as healthcare, community development, or social welfare, create social service proposals to seek funding, support, or partnerships. These proposals outline the social issue, proposed interventions, anticipated impacts, and sustainability plans.
Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you with proposal writing:
The purpose of a proposal is to present a plan, idea, project, or solution to a specific audience in a persuasive and compelling manner. Proposals are typically written documents that aim to:
Proposals are typically written in various situations when you need to present a plan, idea, or project to a specific audience. Here are some common scenarios when you may need to write a proposal:
Proposals play a significant role in numerous areas and have several important benefits. Here are some key reasons why proposals are important:
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A bi-objective model for the multi-period inventory-based reverse logistics network: a case study from an automobile component distribution network.
2.1. a review of the literature on distribution systems in supply chain management, 2.2. a review of the literature on green logistics in supply chain management, 3. materials and methods.
Data availability statement, conflicts of interest.
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α | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | |||
β | 0 | Z1 | 4.82 × 10 | 3.50 × 10 | 2.19 × 10 | 1.90 × 10 | 1.34 × 10 | 9.49 × 10 | 5.34 × 10 | 0.00 × 10 | 0.00 × 10 |
Z2 | 1 | 0.95 | 0.8368985 | 0.8 | 0.6857143 | 0.5714286 | 0.3811921 | 0 | 0 | ||
0.1 | Z1 | 4.82 × 10 | 3.64 × 10 | 3.19 × 10 | 2.27 × 10 | 1.98 × 10 | 1.64 × 10 | 1.18 × 10 | 1.10 × 10 | 9.38 × 10 | |
Z2 | 1 | 0.955 | 0.9228571 | 0.8264286 | 0.775 | 0.6464286 | 0.5371429 | 0.4857143 | 0.2649475 | ||
0.2 | Z1 | 4.82 × 10 | 3.78 × 10 | 3.37 × 10 | 2.59 × 10 | 2.33 × 10 | 1.87 × 10 | 1.62 × 10 | 1.55 × 10 | 1.43 × 10 | |
Z2 | 1 | 0.96 | 0.9314286 | 0.8457143 | 0.8 | 0.6857143 | 0.5885714 | 0.5428571 | 0.3942857 | ||
0.3 | Z1 | 4.82 × 10 | 4.11 × 10 | 3.55 × 10 | 2.90 × 10 | 2.68 × 10 | 2.28 × 10 | 2.06 × 10 | 2.00 × 10 | 1.90 × 10 | |
Z2 | 1 | 0.975 | 0.94 | 0.865 | 0.825 | 0.725 | 0.64 | 0.6 | 0.47 | ||
0.4 | Z1 | 4.82 × 10 | 4.21 × 10 | 3.73 × 10 | 3.31 × 10 | 3.07 × 10 | 2.69 × 10 | 2.50 × 10 | 2.44 × 10 | 2.36 × 10 | |
Z2 | 1 | 0.9785714 | 0.9485714 | 0.9014286 | 0.8585714 | 0.7642857 | 0.6914286 | 0.6571429 | 0.5457143 | ||
0.5 | Z1 | 4.82 × 10 | 4.31 × 10 | 3.92 × 10 | 3.56 × 10 | 3.36 × 10 | 3.09 × 10 | 2.94 × 10 | 2.88 × 10 | 2.81 × 10 | |
Z2 | 1 | 0.9821429 | 0.9571429 | 0.9178571 | 0.8821429 | 0.8142857 | 0.7607143 | 0.7214286 | 0.6214286 | ||
0.6 | Z1 | 4.82 × 10 | 4.41 × 10 | 4.10 × 10 | 3.82 × 10 | 3.65 × 10 | 3.43 × 10 | 3.32 × 10 | 3.27 × 10 | 3.21 × 10 | |
Z2 | 1 | 0.9857143 | 0.9657143 | 0.9342857 | 0.9057143 | 0.8514286 | 0.8085714 | 0.7771429 | 0.6971429 | ||
0.7 | Z1 | 4.82 × 10 | 4.51 × 10 | 4.28 × 10 | 4.07 × 10 | 3.94 × 10 | 3.78 × 10 | 3.69 × 10 | 3.66 × 10 | 3.61 × 10 | |
Z2 | 1 | 0.9892857 | 0.9742857 | 0.9507143 | 0.9292857 | 0.8885714 | 0.8564286 | 0.8328571 | 0.7728571 | ||
0.8 | Z1 | 4.82 × 10 | 4.62 × 10 | 4.46 × 10 | 4.32 × 10 | 4.24 × 10 | 4.13 × 10 | 4.07 × 10 | 4.05 × 10 | 4.01 × 10 | |
Z2 | 1 | 0.9928571 | 0.9828571 | 0.9671429 | 0.9528571 | 0.9257143 | 0.9042857 | 0.8885714 | 0.8485714 | ||
0.9 | Z1 | 4.82 × 10 | 4.72 × 10 | 4.64 × 10 | 4.57 × 10 | 4.53 × 10 | 4.47 × 10 | 4.44 × 10 | 4.43 × 10 | 4.42 × 10 | |
Z2 | 1 | 0.9964286 | 0.9914286 | 0.9832714 | 0.9764286 | 0.9628571 | 0.9521429 | 0.9442857 | 0.9242857 | ||
1 | Z1 | 4.82 × 10 | 4.82 × 10 | 4.82 × 10 | 4.82 × 10 | 4.82 × 10 | 4.82 × 10 | 4.82 × 10 | 4.82 × 10 | 4.82 × 10 | |
Z2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Variable Title | Value |
---|---|
Z | 3.32 × 10 |
Z | 80% |
V(1,2) | (1,1) |
U(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8) | (0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1) |
α | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | |||
β | 0 | Z1 | 4.84 × 10 | 4.70 × 10 | 4.52 × 10 | 4.20 × 10 | 3.68 × 10 | 3.54 × 10 | 3.41 × 10 | 3.15 × 10 | 2.65 × 10 |
Z2 | 1 | 0.9928571 | 0.9785714 | 0.9428571 | 0.8494217 | 0.8142857 | 0.7571429 | 0.5928571 | 0 | ||
0.1 | Z1 | 4.84 × 10 | 4.72 × 10 | 4.55 × 10 | 4.27 × 10 | 3.82 × 10 | 3.70 × 10 | 3.58 × 10 | 3.35 × 10 | 3.31 × 10 | |
Z2 | 1 | 0.9935714 | 0.9807143 | 0.9485714 | 0.8624167 | 0.8328571 | 0.7814286 | 0.6335714 | 0.5821429 | ||
0.2 | Z1 | 4.84 × 10 | 4.73 × 10 | 4.58 × 10 | 4.22 × 10 | 4.15 × 10 | 3.87 × 10 | 3.76 × 10 | 3.55 × 10 | 0.5821429 | |
Z2 | 1 | 0.9942857 | 0.9828571 | 0.9371429 | 0.9257143 | 0.8514286 | 0.8057143 | 0.6742857 | 0.6285714 | ||
0.3 | Z1 | 4.84 × 10 | 4.74 × 10 | 4.62 × 10 | 4.30 × 10 | 4.24 × 10 | 4.14 × 10 | 3.94 × 10 | 3.75 × 10 | 3.72 × 10 | |
Z2 | 1 | 0.995 | 0.985 | 0.945 | 0.935 | 0.91 | 0.83 | 0.715 | 0.675 | ||
0.4 | Z1 | 4.84 × 10 | 4.76 × 10 | 4.65 × 10 | 4.37 × 10 | 4.33 × 10 | 4.24 × 10 | 4.14 × 10 | 3.98 × 10 | 3.93 × 10 | |
Z2 | 1 | 0.9957143 | 0.9871429 | 0.9528571 | 0.9442857 | 0.9228571 | 0.88 | 0.7814286 | 0.7214286 | ||
0.5 | Z1 | 4.84 × 10 | 4.77 × 10 | 4.68 × 10 | 4.45 × 10 | 4.41 × 10 | 4.34 × 10 | 4.26 × 10 | 4.12 × 10 | 4.11 × 10 | |
Z2 | 1 | 0.9964286 | 0.9892857 | 0.9607143 | 0.9535714 | 0.9357143 | 0.9 | 0.8178571 | 0.7928571 | ||
0.6 | Z1 | 4.84 × 10 | 4.79 × 10 | 4.71 × 10 | 4.53 × 10 | 4.50 × 10 | 4.44 × 10 | 4.37 × 10 | 4.27 × 10 | 4.26 × 10 | |
Z2 | 1 | 0.9971429 | 0.9914286 | 0.9685714 | 0.9628571 | 0.9485714 | 0.92 | 0.8542857 | 0.8342857 | ||
0.7 | Z1 | 4.84 × 10 | 4.80 × 10 | 4.75 × 10 | 4.61 × 10 | 4.58 × 10 | 4.54 × 10 | 4.49 × 10 | 4.41 × 10 | 4.40 × 10 | |
Z2 | 1 | 0.9978571 | 0.9935714 | 0.9764286 | 0.9721429 | 0.9614286 | 0.94 | 0.8907143 | 0.8757143 | ||
0.8 | Z1 | 4.84 × 10 | 4.82 × 10 | 4.78 × 10 | 4.69 × 10 | 4.67 × 10 | 4.64 × 10 | 4.61 × 10 | 4.56 × 10 | 4.55 × 10 | |
Z2 | 1 | 0.9985714 | 0.9957143 | 0.9842857 | 0.981286 | 0.9742857 | 0.96 | 0.9271429 | 0.9171429 | ||
0.9 | Z1 | 4.84 × 10 | 4.83 × 10 | 4.81 × 10 | 4.77 × 10 | 4.76 × 10 | 4.74 × 10 | 4.73 × 10 | 4.70 × 10 | 4.70 × 10 | |
Z2 | 1 | 0.9992857 | 0.9978571 | 0.9921429 | 0.9907143 | 0.9871429 | 0.98 | 0.9635714 | 0.9585714 | ||
1 | Z1 | 4.84 × 10 | 4.84 × 10 | 4.84 × 10 | 4.84 × 10 | 4.84 × 10 | 4.84 × 10 | 4.84 × 10 | 4.84 × 10 | 4.84 × 10 | |
Z2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Variable Title | Value |
---|---|
Z | 3.37 × 10 |
Z | 92% |
V(1,2) | (1,1) |
U(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8) | (0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1) |
α | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.61 × 10 | 1.51 × 10 | 1.48 × 10 | 1.37 × 10 | 1.34 × 10 | 1.21 × 10 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 0.9228571 | 0.9714286 | 0.9642857 | 0.9150749 | 0.888311 | 0.7168279 |
1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.61 × 10 | 1.52 × 10 | 1.50 × 10 | 1.40 × 10 | 1.37 × 10 | 1.26 × 10 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 0.9935714 | 0.9742857 | 0.9678571 | 0.9232892 | 0.8982267 | 0.7361599 |
1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.61 × 10 | 1.54 × 10 | 1.52 × 10 | 1.43 × 10 | 1.40 × 10 | 1.33 × 10 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 0.9942857 | 0.9771429 | 09744286 | 0.9315568 | 0.9085202 | 0.8056308 |
1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 0.62 × 10 | 1.55 × 10 | 1.53 × 10 | 1.46 × 10 | 1.43 × 10 | 1.37 × 10 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 0.995 | 0.98 | 0.975 | 0.939905 | 0.919635 | 0.8278087 |
1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 0.62 × 10 | 1.57 × 10 | 1.55 × 10 | 1.49 × 10 | 1.47 × 10 | 1.41 × 10 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 0.9957143 | 0.9828571 | 0.9785714 | 0.9482679 | 0.9307498 | 0.8485393 |
1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.63 × 10 | 1.58 × 10 | 1.57 × 10 | 1.52 × 10 | 1.50 × 10 | 1.45 × 10 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 0.9664286 | 0.9857143 | 0.9821429 | 0.9566604 | 0.9418646 | 0.8732143 |
1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.63 × 10 | 1.57 × 10 | 1.48 × 10 | 1.43 × 10 | 1.41 × 10 | 1.39 × 10 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 0.9971429 | 0.9885714 | 0.9857143 | 0.9654133 | 0.9530132 | 0.8985714 |
1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.64 × 10 | 1.61 × 10 | 1.60 × 10 | 1.57 × 10 | 1.56 × 10 | 1.53 × 10 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 0.9978571 | 0.9914286 | 0.9892857 | 0.9742857 | 0.964634 | 0.9238566 |
1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.64 × 10 | 1.62 × 10 | 1.62 × 10 | 1.61 × 10 | 1.59 × 10 | 1.57 × 10 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 0.9985714 | 0.9942857 | 0.9928571 | 0.9885714 | 0.97625 | 0.9489286 |
1.65 × 10 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 1.64 × 10 | 1.64 × 10 | 1.63 × 10 | 1.63 × 10 | 1.62 × 10 |
1 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.61 × 10 | 0.9971429 | 0.9964286 | 0.9942857 | 0.9895536 | 0.9785714 |
1.65 × 10 | 1 | 1 | 0.9228571 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 |
1 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.61 × 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Variable Title | Value |
---|---|
Z | 1.42 × 10 |
Z | 94% |
V(1,2) | (1,1) |
U(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8) | (1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1) |
α | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | |||
β | 0 | Z1 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.61 × 10 | 1.51 × 10 | 1.48 × 10 | 1.37 × 10 | 1.34 × 10 | 1.21 × 10 |
Z2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.9228571 | 0.9714286 | 0.9642857 | 0.9150749 | 0.888311 | 0.7168279 | ||
0.1 | Z1 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.61 × 10 | 1.52 × 10 | 1.50 × 10 | 1.40 × 10 | 1.37 × 10 | 1.26 × 10 | |
Z2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.9935714 | 0.9742857 | 0.9678571 | 0.9232892 | 0.8982267 | 0.7361599 | ||
0.2 | Z1 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.61 × 10 | 1.54 × 10 | 1.52 × 10 | 1.43 × 10 | 1.40 × 10 | 1.33 × 10 | |
Z2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.9942857 | 0.9771429 | 0.9744286 | 0.9315568 | 0.9085202 | 0.8056308 | ||
0.3 | Z1 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 0.62 × 10 | 1.55 × 10 | 1.53 × 10 | 1.46 × 10 | 1.43 × 10 | 1.37 × 10 | |
Z2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.995 | 0.98 | 0.975 | 0.939905 | 0.919635 | 0.8278087 | ||
0.4 | Z1 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 0.62 × 10 | 1.57 × 10 | 1.55 × 10 | 1.49 × 10 | 1.47 × 10 | 1.41 × 10 | |
Z2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.9957143 | 0.9828571 | 0.9785714 | 0.9482679 | 0.9307498 | 0.8485393 | ||
0.5 | Z1 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.63 × 10 | 1.58 × 10 | 1.57 × 10 | 1.52 × 10 | 1.50 × 10 | 1.45 × 10 | |
Z2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.9664286 | 0.9857143 | 0.9821429 | 0.9566604 | 0.9418646 | 0.8732143 | ||
0.6 | Z1 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.63 × 10 | 1.57 × 10 | 1.48 × 10 | 1.43 × 10 | 1.41 × 10 | 1.39 × 10 | |
Z2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.9971429 | 0.9885714 | 0.9857143 | 0.9654133 | 0.9530132 | 0.8985714 | ||
0.7 | Z1 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.64 × 10 | 1.61 × 10 | 1.60 × 10 | 1.57 × 10 | 1.56 × 10 | 1.53 × 10 | |
Z2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.9978571 | 0.9914286 | 0.9892857 | 0.9742857 | 0.964634 | 0.9238566 | ||
0.8 | Z1 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.64 × 10 | 1.62 × 10 | 1.62 × 10 | 1.61 × 10 | 1.59 × 10 | 1.57 × 10 | |
Z2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.9985714 | 0.9942857 | 0.9928571 | 0.9885714 | 0.97625 | 0.9489286 | ||
0.9 | Z1 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.64 × 10 | 1.64 × 10 | 1.63 × 10 | 1.63 × 10 | 1.62 × 10 | |
Z2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.9971429 | 0.9964286 | 0.9942857 | 0.9895536 | 0.9785714 | ||
1 | Z1 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | 1.65 × 10 | |
Z2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Variable Title | Value |
---|---|
Z | 1.43 × 10 |
Z | 96% |
V(1,2) | (1,1) |
U(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8) | (1,0,1,1,0,1,0,1) |
Criterion Illustration | Criterion Components | Basic Model | Basic Model with Inventory Management | Multi-Period Basic Model with Inventory Management | Multi-Period Basic Model with Inventory Management and Green Logistics |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall Satisfaction of Customers | 85% | 92% | 94% | 96% | |
Total Costs | 3.32 × 10 | 4.37 × 10 | 1.42 × 10 | 1.43 × 10 |
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Khalilzadeh, M.; Antucheviciene, J.; Božanić, D. A Bi-Objective Model for the Multi-Period Inventory-Based Reverse Logistics Network: A Case Study from an Automobile Component Distribution Network. Systems 2024 , 12 , 299. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12080299
Khalilzadeh M, Antucheviciene J, Božanić D. A Bi-Objective Model for the Multi-Period Inventory-Based Reverse Logistics Network: A Case Study from an Automobile Component Distribution Network. Systems . 2024; 12(8):299. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12080299
Khalilzadeh, Mohammad, Jurgita Antucheviciene, and Darko Božanić. 2024. "A Bi-Objective Model for the Multi-Period Inventory-Based Reverse Logistics Network: A Case Study from an Automobile Component Distribution Network" Systems 12, no. 8: 299. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12080299
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Find inspiration for your research proposal with this comprehensive list of topics organized by field of study. Learn how to select a topic, formulate clear questions, choose a methodology, and create a plan for your research.
Learn how to write a research proposal for your academic project, including title page, introduction, literature review, research design, methods, and more. See examples and templates for different types of proposals and get tips on structure, format, and content.
Research Proposal Topics in Early Childhood Education . Young children are extremely impressionable. Because of this, early childhood education has a huge impact on kids' development. Many factors need careful consideration. Among them are learning techniques and the need of incorporating the child's social background.
113 Great Research Paper Topics. Posted by Christine Sarikas. General Education. One of the hardest parts of writing a research paper can be just finding a good topic to write about. Fortunately we've done the hard work for you and have compiled a list of 113 interesting research paper topics. They've been organized into ten categories and ...
A research topic and a research problem are two distinct concepts that are often confused. A research topic is a broader label that indicates the focus of the study, while a research problem is an issue or gap in knowledge within the broader field that needs to be addressed.. To illustrate this distinction, consider a student who has chosen "teenage pregnancy in the United Kingdom" as ...
Learn what a research proposal is, what it needs to cover, and how to structure it. See examples, templates, and tips for choosing a research topic and methodology.
Ingredient #1 - Topic/Title Header. Your research proposal's title should be your main research question in its simplest form, possibly with a sub-heading providing basic details on the specifics of the study. For example: "Compliance with equality legislation in the charity sector: a study of the 'reasonable adjustments' made in ...
A research proposal is a concise and coherent summary of your proposed research. You'll need to set out the issues that are central to the topic area and how you intend to address them with your research. To do this, you'll need to give the following: an outline of the general area of study within which your research falls.
Writing a research proposal template in structured steps ensures a comprehensive and coherent presentation of your research project. Let's look at the explanation for each of the steps here: Step 1: Title and Abstract. Step 2: Introduction. Step 3: Research objectives. Step 4: Literature review.
How to Write a Research Proposal | A Guide for Students. Published on June 22, 2024 by Paige Pfeifer, BA. A research proposal is a short piece of academic writing that outlines the research a graduate student intends to carry out. It starts by explaining why the research will be helpful or necessary, then describes the steps of the potential research and how the research project would add ...
Before conducting a study, a research proposal should be created that outlines researchers' plans and methodology and is submitted to the concerned evaluating organization or person. Creating a research proposal is an important step to ensure that researchers are on track and are moving forward as intended. A research proposal can be defined as a detailed plan or blueprint for the proposed ...
Introduces your topic. States your problem statement and the questions your research aims to answer. Provides context for your research. In a research proposal, an introduction can be a few paragraphs long. It should be concise, but don't feel like you need to cram all of your information into one paragraph.
A research proposal systematically and transparently outlines a proposed research project. ... The literature is to-date lacking important longitudinal data on these topics. Research Design and Methods: Participants (n = 454) will be young adults aged 18-24. Ongoing self-report surveys will assess participants' social media usage ...
Expose your thoughts on one of the political science research proposal topics we have chosen for you. African-American political science: 14th amendment. Political environment: democrats and republicans. The relation between climate and politics. Political activism: "Forces of Labor" by Beverly Silver.
A research proposal format is usually as follows: 1. abstract (a brief description of the topic) 2. introduction 3. literature review (to demonstrate that you have done your homework and know what to base your work on) 4. explanation of originality of your research 5. main objectives 6. methods 7. proposed contents 8. limitations 9. timeline 10 ...
Customize this template and make it your own! Edit and Download. 8 Research Proposal Examples & Templates. Using these research proposal examples and templates, you can create a winning proposal in no time. You will find templates for various topics and customize every aspect of them to make them your own.
Here is an explanation of each step: 1. Title and Abstract. Choose a concise and descriptive title that reflects the essence of your research. Write an abstract summarizing your research question, objectives, methodology, and expected outcomes. It should provide a brief overview of your proposal. 2.
Develop an Outline. Create a clear and logical structure: Divide your proposal into sections or headings that will guide your readers through the content. Introduction: Provide a concise overview of the problem, its significance, and the proposed solution. Background/Context: Offer relevant background information and context to help the readers ...
When applying for a research grant or scholarship, or, just before you start a major research project, you may be asked to write a preliminary document that includes basic information about your future research. This is the information that is usually needed in your proposal: The topic and goal of the research project.
Business Research Proposal Topics. Analyze the effects of automation on small businesses. Examine the implications of working long hours in the workplace. Discuss proven approaches for successful business operations. Explore effective marketing strategies for various kinds of businesses. Share creative tactics to make an impactful sales pitch.
Academic Research Proposal. This is the most common type of research proposal, which is prepared by students, scholars, or researchers to seek approval and funding for an academic research project. It includes all the essential components mentioned earlier, such as the introduction, literature review, methodology, and expected outcomes.
Step 3: Look for books and articles. Step 4: Find a niche. Step 5: Consider the type of research. Step 6: Determine the relevance. Step 7: Make sure it's plausible. Step 8: Get your topic approved. Other interesting articles. Frequently asked questions about dissertation topics.
A framework for formulating a well-defined research topic . 1. Look inwards. Based on previous experiences in coursework, internships, and extracurricular activities, create a two-column list. The first column lists research fields you found interesting. The second column lists ideas that align with your personal motivations for pursuing a ...
The first question asks for a ready-made solution, and is not focused or researchable. The second question is a clearer comparative question, but note that it may not be practically feasible. For a smaller research project or thesis, it could be narrowed down further to focus on the effectiveness of drunk driving laws in just one or two countries.
Topic Proposals (Eng. 272G) As you continue on in the academic world, 300, 400, 500, and graduate-level courses will ask you to do several types of preparatory assignments prior to a major research paper. The longer the paper, the more detailed the topic proposal should ideally be.
Proposal. Definition: Proposal is a formal document or presentation that outlines a plan, idea, or project and seeks to persuade others to support or adopt it. Proposals are commonly used in business, academia, and various other fields to propose new initiatives, solutions to problems, research studies, or business ventures.
Office of Research Events Calendar, powered by Localist, the Community Event Platform ... Topic Subscribe to Displayed Results. Save to Google Calendar Save to iCal Save to Outlook Save to RSS. Cancel Apply filters. Thursday, August 15. GRASP Class 2: Proposal Process & Budget Development . Virtual Event Office of Research. Thu, Aug 15, 2024 ...
Through its annual grant competitions, CPO seeks and funds innovative researchers across the nation to conduct cutting-edge research on a range of topics. The researchers eligible to apply include partners across NOAA as well as tribal nations and the broader academic, federal, international and private sector communities. Letters of intent due ...
Notice of Designation of a Longer Period for Commission Action on Proposed Rule Change to Amend Section 703.12(II) of the NYSE Listed Company Manual to Expand the Circumstances Under Which Rights May Be Listed on the NYSE
Supply chain management and distribution network design has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. The timely satisfaction of customer demands leads to reducing costs, improving service levels, and increasing customer satisfaction. For this purpose, in this research, the mathematical programming models for a two-level distribution network including central warehouses ...