how to do phd in foreign countries

• How to Apply for A PhD Abroad – International Study
• Applying to a PhD

So you’ve decided to enrol onto a doctoral degree and study abroad at the same time. This is a great opportunity to develop yourself both personally and academically. However, do you actually go about securing a PhD as an international student? To help answer this for you, we’ve created this guide to explain how to apply for a PhD in foreign universities.

Why Do Your PhD Abroad?​​​​​​​

There are many benefits to studying abroad.

Some PhD students do so as a way to develop a new language, discover more about a different culture, and to meet new people.

Besides personal reasons, undertaking a doctorate degree abroad can also for academic purposes. For example, in some countries, a particular research field may not be very popular and so there may not be many doctorate options available. In these cases, undertaking a PhD abroad will open up many more opportunities. It could also offer greater funding, lower tuition fees, better laboratory equipment and more experienced supervisors. Not only would these factors result in a more enjoyable PhD, but they could also contribute to greater career prospects. For example, you will likely have more opportunities to write publications, attend conferences and collaborate with other researchers. All of these will help you establish yourself as a respectable researcher within your field.

Is It Difficult to Apply to PhDs Abroad?​​​​​​​

It’s not as difficult as you would imagine when it comes to applying to a PhD in a foreign country. Regardless of whether you’re applying to a university within the EU, such as the UK, Finland or Spain, or to universities within the US or Asia, the processes are relatively similar.

The differences in the application process can be categorised into three areas.

• the documents you need to provide,
• the prerequisite tests you need to sit,
• how much you need to communicate with the potential supervisors before applying.

We’ve provided a basic outline of the application processes below. Although this will provide you with a good starting point, we highly recommend you look at the university websites for specific instructions and guidance before applying.

Will I Need a Student Visa?​​​​​​​

This will depend on what country you are applying to. For example:

• In the UK, applicants from outside the EU will need a Visa Tier 4 (Student). This will allow them to undertake a full-time PhD. However, due to UK visa restrictions, international students are unlikely to be able to enrol onto a part-time degree.
• In Germany, most students will not require a student visa but will require a residence permit.
• In the US, applicants will need to hold an F-1 Student Visa.
• In Asia, the requirements differ depending on the specific country. For example, in China, you will require an X1 Student Visa whereas in Singapore you will require a Student Pass.

Because of the significant differences between countries, we highly recommend it is highly that you check the requirements on an individual case-by-case basis. This is best done by checking the government website of the country you wish to apply to.

General Process for Applying to PhDs Abroad​​​​​​​

When applying to a PhD position, most universities regardless of where they’re located will require:

• Online Application – An electronic form to provide your details and attach all supporting documents. You will also need to make any application fees during this process if required.
• Academic Transcripts – Most universities need a scanned copy of your transcripts when applying. You will only have to submit official hard copies once they have accepted your admission.
• CV – This should include details of your previous education, undergraduate degree and any experiences revenant to the field you’re applying to.
• Statement of Purpose/Personal Statement – A letter which outlines why you’re applying to the PhD and why you believe you’re suitable for the project.
• Letters of Recommendation – this should preferably be provided by your undergraduate degree course tutor or a professor who knows you well.

Language Tests

If your PhD is to be undertaken in English and English isn’t your first language, most universities will require you to sit an English language proficiency test. The most common tests, in order of popularity, are:

• IELTS (International English Language Testing Systems)
• TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language)
• PTE (Pearson Test of English)

The minimum test scores will change from university to university. They will also vary depending on the research field. For example, research projects related to English Literature or Law will require relatively high scores whilst projects in Science and Engineering will require slightly lower scores. To provide an example, the University of Leicester in the UK requires a minimum overall IELTS score of 7 for Law PhDs but has a lower overall score requirement of 6 for Engineering PhDs.

Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.

How to Apply for PhDs in EU Countries​​​​​​​

For UK universities, there are generally two ways of applying. You can either apply directly through the university’s website or you can make an application through the UCAS Postgraduate system .

In Spain, Italy and Germany, before applying to a PhD you will first need to pass a pre-application process. This involves checking that your qualifications meet their eligibility requirements. Before undergoing this pre-screening process, it would be beneficial to first speak to your government. They may offer advice on how your countries qualification system corresponds to the qualification system in the country hosting the PhD.

Once you’ve made your application, the university will review it and get in contact with you. For most EU institutions, they will invite you for a Skype or telephone interview with them if they believe you may be a suitable candidate.

If you require a student visa to study in an EU country, it’s recommended that you submit your application at least 3-4 months before the proposed PhD start date.

How to Apply for PhDs in USA

In addition to the English language exams mentioned previously, international applicants will also need to sit additional exams to be eligible for PhDs in the USA. These are the GRE General Exam and GRE Subject Exam(s). The GRE Subject Exam(s) you will need to undertake will be specific to your field and will be specified by the university as part of their edibility requirements.

Securing a PhD position in the United States is considered relatively difficult compared to other countries. As a result, it is commonly recommended that you apply to at least 9 different universities to increase your chances of securing a position.

How to Apply for PhDs in Asia

As Asia covers a wide range of countries such as China, Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, UAE and India, their application processes naturally differ from one another. Therefore, check the specific application process for each university you’re interested to get the most accurate information.

To summarise:

• China – uses two centralised application services, CUAC and CUCAS. Both these services help international students find and apply to a PhD project in China. Students can also apply directly to a University if they wish to.
• Singapore – rather than applying to a specific research project, you will have to apply to a faculty or department within a University. Only once you have been accepted into the university department will their research projects become available to you. Like US universities, most universities in Singapore will have required you to have sat a GRE Exams prior to applying to them.
• UAE – you must apply directly to your chosen university. To be eligible for a PhD in UAE , you must hold a Master’s degree and it must be from a university recognised by their government. You will also be required to undertake GRE Exams before making your application.

How to Apply for PhDs in Australia

To apply to a PhD in Australia , you will first be expected to find and email a potential supervisor. If you’re an international student and you make an application directly to the university without doing this first, it’s highly likely that you won’t be considered for the position.

Upon discussing the project with the supervisor, they will instruct you to put in a formal application. This formal application will require the information previously outlined above.

Similar to EU institutions, if an Australian university believes you’re a strong candidate, they will likely invite you to a Skype or telephone interview.

Unlike EU universities, PhDs in Australian universities can start at any time of the year. Therefore, unless a specific funding requirement is attached to the project, there are usually no deadlines associated with applying to their PhDs. However, try to apply 3 to 4 months before you intend to start your studies.

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Applying for a PhD Abroad: How to Thrive as an International Student

• February 17, 2024
• Uppsala University
• After accepting an offer , Applications and Funding , Experiences , Getting started , International Student , Mental Health , PhD Applications , Wellbeing

Choosing to study a PhD abroad, especially in a foreign country with a new language, is not something to take lightly. But as I write this on my second day in Sweden, in my dorm room with the sounds of Swedish life outside my window, I’m here to tell you it’s not impossible.     Despite the many challenges of pursuing an academic career outside your home country, the breadth of experiences and connections that come with it are well worth the short-term obstacles. Whether you opt for a PhD on the other side of the world or some where a bit closer to home , making the journey towards becoming an international PhD student is something deserving of applause. But there are several things I wish I would have known before choosing to pursue my PhD in a foreign country. From learning the language to understanding banks to asking questions about immigration and residency permits, there are many things to consider before making the jump abroad !  

Which Country, Which Uni, Which Advisor?

So you’ve decided that you want to pursue a PhD abroad?     That’s great! But there are some very important questions to ask yourself which will ultimately determine your future and where you’ll end up. One of the first beginner questions you must ask yourself, as I did, was, “Where do I want to go and why? ” While it’s fun to dream up your life in various foreign countries, you’re ultimately making a career choice by moving to a different country. So, it’s crucial that you have a solid reason for why you want to go to that specific country , and have a short – and long-term plan as to how you want to make the most of your time there.     The second and third questions are mundane but also incredibly important : “What university do I want to apply to?” and, “Where are there openings? ” For me, choosing Sweden was prompted by an email telling me there were two openings to PhD programs . However, I was also prompted by another major factor, something we often hear in graduate studies. Namely, finding the right advisor(s) , and having a clear research question.     M any questions related to PhD studies in your country of choice can be answered by a good advisor /supervisor . Of course, they can’t guarantee you actually get into the university, but they can help you decide if applying is a good choice for you and your choice of research. Making it clear what you’re looking for in an advisor can often help you narrow down where it is you want to study. In my experience, these went hand in hand. If you know what you’re researching, what niche you want to fill in terms of your applicable academic discourse, and you have a solid question with some evidence to back it up, then all you have to do is find a university department that aligns with your work and research interests . This can be far more complicated in practice, but if you let your research lead you in your search for a foreign university, paying attention to openings when they arise, then you’ll be set to go! Asking questions, and often, is key, and don’t be afraid to email potential advisors for help if you need it !  

You’ve Been Accepted! Now What?

If you’ve found yourself with an acceptance letter and a willing advisor in a foreign university – congratulations! But now begins the myriad of complexities and tasks in order to actually be able to begin your life abroad as a student. Whether it’s getting a residence permit accepted, attempting to learn a foreign language, opening a new bank account, or arranging housing, there’s lots to juggle at this point. But if you take it one step at a time , and try to do things in order, you’ll find everything seems to fall into place.

Residence Permits, Housing and Language

One of the first things to think about is the residence permit which will allow you to live in your foreign country. Without it, all the other elements fall to the wayside as you won’t be able to stay in the country. Sometimes, as was the case in my experience, the process takes quite a while and includes several arduous steps. Be careful to familiarize yourself with the process before you begin! Further, the road towards finding housing may not be straight either. Take care to reach out to your university’s housing department and see if you can procure university housing. If not, make sure to look up, or ask around, where others look for housing.

After completing your residence permit and housing, you may want to start thinking about the language. Whether that means learning it on your own, finding a tutor, or even just watching some videos on the web, trying your best to learn the native language will help you feel at home. Although you may be nervous, learning how to say “Please” and “Thank you” might just win you your first international friend and open doors for you, who knows!?

Ultimately, making a list of important to lesser important points will be helped by reading and rereading the information that your university gives you, and by asking questions. Don’t be afraid to send that email if you don’t understand or if something doesn’t make sense. If you are clear with what your question is, then most likely you’ll find your answer.

Now the Fun Stuff Begins

Phew. It’s completed. You’ve done the heavy lifting of getting yourself set up to begin your studies abroad and, by some miracle, all your efforts have culminated in you moving to your new place. Now you’re on your own and have to do quite a few more tasks in order to really feel at home in your new city. From finding the train station to the grocery store, you have to know your surroundings, and give yourself time to find everything that your city has to offer its residents! One of the first few things I did when moving to Uppsala was find a church. For others, it may be a coffee shop or library that can offer you a place of community . Trying to put yourself into the community fabric of your city is such an important point in really feeling like you have a place here as a newly arrived foreigner. Although it’s scary, at times, to not really know the language and attempt to socialize, it’s often fruitful when you do. So, if you can find a place where you can integrate yourself into a community, then it’ll be easier to make that first friend. Part of that community building can also be finding places of culture to visit. In your city, there may be countless museums for you to see. All you have to do is just look for them. A helpful way of organizing all of what you find is by using Google Docs to make a list of those places you’ve been to and not been to yet. These include the location of your local train station and grocery stores!

Looking After Your Mental Health

Finally, when it comes to fun, finding your parks and recreational areas outside will be helpful in navigating the waters of how to spend time outdoors in nature. Don’t forget that you’re human. While you’re here to complete your PhD, you can’t forget that looking after your mental health is just as important as your academic success. Thus, plan accordingly and think about which parks you might want to go visit, and bodies of water you might want to go see. Spending time outdoors is a helpful way of fuelling the body and mind so you can be more productive when it’s time to work. Overall, if you stay focused on the fundamental steps that will let you live in your foreign country successfully and then let your interests lead the way, a whole new world will open up. While moving to a different country is a huge task, if you break it down into manageable steps and do one after the other, you’ll find yourself capable of doing things you had previously only imagined!

John David Vandevert

Rejection, Self-Worth, and Persistence: Making the Most of a PhD in Your Home Country

In this motivational article, the author reflects on their journey to securing a PhD in their home country of Nigeria after rejections abroad. They have come to see this redirection as a blessing in disguise. The article emphasises the importance of persistence and making the most of opportunities available to you, wherever that may be.

Mixed Methods PhDs: An Applied Guide

Are you thinking about using mixed methods (both quantitative and qualitative data) in your PhD? This article guides you through different ways of doing mixed methods PhD research, from proposal writing to collecting and analysing data. It emphasises the importance of rigor in mixed methods research and how to achieve this.

To Be or Not To Be (a Reviewer 2): Should I Review Articles as a PhD Student?

For the wheels to continue turning in research, we need reviewers. Although often a thankless endeavour (littered with Reviewer 2 jokes), acting as a gatekeeper for the integrity of your research field remains vital. As a PhD student, you may find the process of reviewing a manuscript pretty novel, but a reviewer request email may enter your inbox in the near future. This article guides you through the pros and cons of reviewing articles.

All views expressed are those of the individual authors and do not reflect the views of The PhD Place Ltd. See our Disclaimer

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How to Apply for a PhD in Germany: Programs, Funding, & FAQs

Germany is an excellent destination for both young and experienced researchers. 

The European country is third behind the U.S. and China for research & development expenditure . Plus, it is home to some of the most prestigious (and affordable!) research universities in the world.

If you’re considering doing a PhD in Germany, you will need to follow these steps:

The main steps to doing a PhD in Germany:

• Find a PhD Program and a Supervisor
• Decide Between Individual and Structured PhD Programs
• Meet All Requirements & Prepare Your Application
• Apply for Doctoral Studies
• Secure Funding
• Get a Student Visa or Resident Permit
• Arrive in Germany and Begin Your PhD Program

[Infographic Below]

Why Pursue a PhD in Germany?

If you’re not yet sure if you should choose Germany for your PhD studies, here are some compelling reasons why you should consider it:

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• Top-tier universities. Four German universities are ranked in the top 100 global universities, and many more are in the top 200.
• Large international student community. Germany welcomes a diverse and thriving international student community. Over 458,210 international students are currently studying in the country.
• Quality research institutions. There are over a thousand publicly funded research institutions (universities, universities of applied sciences, research institutes, businesses, and government bodies) that you can choose from in Germany.
• High investment in research and development. Germany’s public expenditure in the research and development sector reached a record high of 112.6 billion euros in 2021.
• Strong economy. Germany is known for its strong and stable economy. After completing your PhD, there are plenty of employment opportunities in the academic, business, and research sectors.

How to Apply for a PhD in Germany

From finding the perfect program for you to submitting your application and starting your PhD, here are all the steps you need to take:

1. Find a PhD Program and a Supervisor

After all the years of studying leading up to this step, you most likely have a few areas of interest you want to do your research in.

This is the first important step: define your research focus by considering your interests and academic background. If you need more help, you can consult online resources from research universities. Or, even better, you can discuss your decision to pursue a PhD with academic communities online or offline and seek advice from current PhD students in Germany who can tell you more about their individual experiences.

If you already know what your research direction is, you can begin searching for suitable programs right ahead. 

• The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) has an extensive list of current opportunities, which you can look up at the  DAAD PhD Database . 
• Another option is to research universities in Germany individually to find the newest opportunities and offerings at each institution.

You will also have to find a supervisor. The best way to do this is to go to university websites and find faculty directories with profiles of professors and their research fields/current projects. Contact professors whose work aligns with your interests via email to inquire about supervision opportunities.

> Search PhD programs from 31,000 research institutions listed on the GERiT database .

Types of PhD Programs in Germany

There are two different paths you can take when pursuing a PhD: individual PhD programs and structured PhD programs. Each comes with its own set of advantages and requirements.

2. Verify That You Meet All Requirements & Prepare the Application

Requirements and application documents to apply for a PhD in Germany are specific to the institution and research area you’re applying to. But, as a general guideline, you should prepare the following:

• Academic degree recognized in Germany. You need a master’s degree or a German state examination (Staatsexamen) in a field relevant to the PhD program to qualify.
• Copy of master’s thesis. Submit a copy of your master’s thesis. The work should demonstrate your research skills and the depth of your academic work.
• Research proposal. Craft a clear and detailed research proposal that includes your intended research topic, objectives, methodology, and significance. 
• Statement of purpose. Write a statement of purpose why you want to do a PhD in your chosen field, your academic and career goals, and how this program aligns with them.
• Curriculum Vitae (CV). Prepare a detailed CV highlighting your academic achievements, research experience, relevant coursework, publications, and any other qualifications.
• Proof of language proficiency. Depending on the language of instruction, you may have to provide proof of language proficiency in English and/or German. You can do this with certificates like TestDaF and DSH for German or TOEFL and IELTS for English. Proof of previous studies in the language is also sufficient.
• Academic references. Provide contact information or recommendation letters from professors/ academic advisors who can attest to your academic abilities and potential.
• Predoctoral examination. Some programs ask that you pass a predoctoral examination as part of the application process.

3. Apply for Doctoral Studies

After finding a suitable PhD program and mentor, and making sure your academic qualifications are recognized, you can send in your application.

You can send in your application online or by post, depending on the hosting institution’s preferences. To make sure, check their guidelines and specifications. Admission committees are selective, so you may also have to attend an interview soon in the application process.

4. Secure Funding

You must demonstrate access to a minimum of €992 per month (€11,908 per year) to meet visa requirements and live comfortably while you’re in Germany. You can prove this through an admission agreement or relevant PhD contract, or you can open a blocked account with individual funds.

There are many ways to support yourself financially while pursuing a PhD in Germany:

• PhD scholarships. DAAD offers the highest number of doctoral scholarships. PhD students get an average monthly stipend of €1,139. 
• Paid PhD positions. Many universities and research institutions offer paid PhD positions in Germany. You will work on specific research projects on a contract and receive a salary.
• Research associate positions. You can also work as a research associate in a university, research institution, or company and receive a salary as compensation.
• Part-time jobs. Some PhD students/researchers work part-time jobs that are not related to their studies for extra income.

> Read more about the costs of studying in Germany.

> Discover PhD scholarships in Germany.

5. Get a Student Visa or Resident Permit

If the institution confirms your place in the PhD program, next in line is applying for a student visa or residence permit. The requirements for a German PhD visa or permit can vary depending on your nationality and circumstances: 

Visa Requirements

If you’re a citizen of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area (EEA), or Switzerland, you don’t need a special permit or visa for a PhD in Germany. You can enter the country for research and work purposes with a valid passport or ID card.

Otherwise, you will need a visa and/or a residence permit to do your PhD in Germany. Nationals of some countries, including the United States, Australia, Israel, Japan, and Korea, don’t need a visa but must apply for a residence permit.

Depending on the circumstances, you need one of the following visas:

• Study visa. If you’re pursuing a full-time doctoral program.
• Research visa. If your focus is on research and you have a formal affiliation with a research institution in Germany.
• EU Blue Card. If your PhD contract pays a gross annual salary of at least €45,300 (or €41,041.80 in certain professions), you can apply for an EU Blue Card . This is a special residence title for international academics and other professionals.

Residence Permit Requirements

If you come to Germany on a visa, you will need to apply for a residence permit within three months of arrival. This also applies to nationals of countries outside the EU, EEA, and Switzerland who are exempt from the visa requirement.

You can apply for one of the following residence permits:

• Study permit. If you’re accepted into a PhD program at a German university, apply for a study-based residence permit. It lasts up to two years, extendable.
• Research permit. If you’re a researcher with the right qualifications for doctoral programs, apply for a research permit. This requires a contract with a research institution for your project.
• EU Blue Card. With a PhD offer that has a minimum salary of €45,300 per year, or €41,041.80 for some bottleneck professions , you may be eligible for the EU Blue Card. Apply for this permit if you meet the criteria.

> For more specific information tailored to your situation, we recommend contacting the German embassy or consulate in your home country. You can also use this visa navigator.

6. Arrive in Germany and Begin Your PhD Program

The most exciting step of all is near—time to unpack your bags and begin your life as a PhD student or researcher in Germany. Once you’re settled in, there are some formalities you need to take care of.

The international office at the university or another representative can guide you best on this. However, here are some of the main things you need to do once you arrive in Germany:

Register Your Residence

Shortly after your arrival, you must register your residence at the local registration office (Einwohnermeldeamt or Bürgeramt). This is mandatory, and you typically have a window of two weeks to complete this process. 

Get Health Insurance

Everyone in Germany is required by law to have health insurance coverage. This includes international PhD students. Depending on the source of your funding, you are eligible for one of the following health insurance coverages: 

• Doctoral candidates with an employment contract are automatically insured with a state-regulated health insurance provider (Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung-GKV) in most cases.
• Doctoral candidates without an employment contract (with a fellowship or private funding) can choose between:
• Voluntary health insurance coverage with a state-regulated provider.
• Coverage with a private health insurance company.

There are some exceptions in which you can use your insurance from your home country. These apply to students from a European Union (EU) country or other countries with social security agreements with Germany.

Open a Bank Account 

You should open a German bank account as soon as possible. Most financial transactions in Germany, including receiving your stipend or salary, are done through a German bank account.

Enroll at the University

If your PhD program is part of a university degree, you need to enroll as a student at the university. Follow your university’s instructions to submit the necessary documents to the enrollment office. These usually include your admission letter, passport, proof of health insurance, and semester fee.

After you complete this process, you will receive an Enrollment Certificate (Immatrikulationsbescheinigung). This is a very important document that you most likely need in the future.

How to Apply for a PhD in Germany [Infographic]

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

There’s a lot of planning involved if you’re considering doing a PhD, especially if it’s in a foreign country. We’re sure you’ve got more questions, and we’re here to help.

How Long Does It Take to Get a PhD in Germany?

A PhD in Germany usually takes between three to six years to complete. Just like in other countries, it can take longer or shorter than expected, depending on several factors. The type of PhD you choose (structured programs can be more rigid), your subject area, and individual progress can all make a difference in the time it takes to get a PhD in Germany.

Are PhD Programs in Germany Tuition-Free?

The majority of PhD programs in Germany are tuition-free, at least for the first six semesters. However, if need to enroll at a university for your PhD, there is a small semester fee you need to cover. The fee can be higher or lower depending on the university, but it usually falls within the range of €100 to €350.

Is German Mandatory to Pursue a PhD in Germany?

You don’t necessarily have to know German to do a PhD in Germany. In fact, most PhD programs in Germany are in English, especially in fields such as science, engineering, and humanities. In these programs, you can both write your thesis and communicate with your advisor and peers in English.

There is of course the chance that the program you’ve chosen is in German or requires knowledge of German (in most cases, in addition to English). In this case, you have to prove your proficiency through a recognized language certificate or proof of previous studies in German.

Even if German isn’t mandatory, we strongly encourage you to learn the basics. They will be super helpful in daily interactions and getting accustomed to life in Germany.

How Much Does a PhD Student Earn in Germany?

Most PhD candidates in Germany receive financial support in the form of a salary or grant. This includes candidates affiliated with universities, research institutes, or company collaborations.

The majority of doctoral positions are structured under either the Collective Agreement for Civil Service TVöD (Tarifvertrag für den öffentlichen Dienst or the Collective Agreement for the Civil Service of Individual Federal States TV-L (Tarifvertrag der Länder). Since universities are funded by their respective federal government, if your PhD is affiliated with one, your salary will be structured under the TV-L.

Doctoral positions fall within the TV-L 13 category, with a salary range spanning from €4,188 (Tier 1) to €6,037 (Tier 6). The difference between the tiers (Stufe) depends on prior experience in the field. If you don’t have any research experience, you will fall under Tier 1 and progress to the other tiers throughout your PhD.

Your salary will ultimately be determined based on a wage agreement that specifies the contract tier (Stufe) and working hours (percentage-based). Many entry-level PhD students start with tier 1 contracts that are not full-time. For example, if your contract places you in Pay Group E-13 Tier 1 of the TV-L and you work at 75% capacity, your monthly gross salary will be €3,141.

> Learn more about pay ranges for PhD students using this convenient calculator .

Can I Work While Pursuing a PhD in Germany?

Part-time work is an option in most cases unless it’s strictly stated otherwise in your contract. Whether or not you are allowed to work on the side as a PhD in Germany depends on the working hours stated in your PhD contract, supervisor, and other specific circumstances. 

However, since the PhD is considered a job in itself, it’s usually frowned upon to have a side hustle. Even if you have a 50% contract, a PhD is demanding and requires long hours of work and research. If you choose to work on the side, make sure to find the right balance between work and your PhD commitments. To be on the safe side, it’s best to talk to your supervisor and go over all the legal and contractual obligations related to your PhD.

What Is the Process for Defending a PhD Thesis in Germany?

Here are the main steps to defending your PhD thesis in Germany:

• Submit your thesis. The first step is submitting submit your thesis and supporting documents in adherence to all the formal requirements. A commission will be formed, and in some cases, you can suggest reviewers.
• Oral defense. The next step is preparing and undergoing an oral defense, which can take between 30 minutes to 2 hours. During this time, you will present your research and discuss it with the committee. The defense can be either public or private.
• Receive the title and publish your work. The outcome of the discussion determines your final grade, to be received after the defense. If everything goes well, you’re granted the Ph.D. title and have about two years to publish your dissertation.

What Are the Career Prospects Like After Doing a PhD in Germany?

Career prospects after a PhD in Germany are quite promising. 

The most common paths for PhD holders in Germany are either in academia as professors or post-doctorate researchers or in industry positions. 

Technology, healthcare, and finance, in particular, are some of the most in-demand industries in Germany. The country’s strong economy and research-oriented environment make it an attractive place to develop your career.

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How to Apply for a PhD Abroad

Updated on 23 february, 2024.

upGrad Abroad Team

Upgrad abroad editorial team.

Career planning is one of the most crucial activities students engage in after completing their education, especially after earning a master’s. On many occasions, there is still a lot one can learn about the chosen field by doing a PhD. It is the best option for those who want to explore novel areas of study and education in-depth. But how to apply for a PhD in foreign university is the one topic that is constantly on a student’s mind.

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Table of Contents

Why is phd important and how to apply for a phd abroad, which 5 phd streams are most popular, united states of america, united kingdom, how to apply in foreign universities for a phd, how to apply for a phd abroad with a scholarship.

A wide range of career options, both in India and abroad, can be unlocked by finishing your PhD. Choosing an international university to do your PhD has several advantages. Some of the well-known benefits of obtaining a PhD overseas are listed below:

• Students can look out for fresh possibilities and novel experiences.
• They can also apply for scholarships, which will reduce their tuition costs.
• Students have the choice of learning about the culture of the new nation.
• Additionally, it facilitates networking.
• It helps students learn from the top professors in the world.
• It offers a selection of various research packages for the user to choose from.
• A PhD from a university with international renown improves job prospects.

A guide on how to apply for a PhD in foreign universities is provided below.

There are no restrictions on the disciplines in which a student can pursue a PhD. Some streams pay better and are in higher demand than others. Here are the top 5 PhD streams to take into account as you decide to apply for a PhD abroad:

• Political Science  
• Physical Therapy  

Top 5 Countries to Apply for PhD

The USA is the best country to apply to for a PhD because of the high quality of education there. In addition, the USA provides a wide range of subject options, exposing overseas students to numerous research initiatives. Gaining expertise in the specialized subject of study can be facilitated by a PhD from the United States.

The top 5 US universities and their most popular PhD programs are:

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German universities offer top-notch facilities to international students, making them a center for higher education. Renowned German universities and colleges also provide thesis-based research degrees. Every year, Germany awards more than 29,000 PhD degrees to international students. The top 5 German universities that grant PhDs are shown below:

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The United Kingdom is well known for its elite educational system and a broad range of degree programs. Several of the top universities in the world are located in the UK, which makes it popular with students from other countries. The top 5 institutions where international students can pursue a Ph.D. are as follows:

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A Canadian PhD entails training and research with some of the top academics. Like the United States, Canada is renowned for its cutting-edge educational facilities for international students. A student can take advantage of several internship possibilities and post-study work visa programs shortly after completing their studies. The top 5 Canadian universities offering PhD programs are as follows:

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Australia is one of the best options for research-based programs for any PhD student. The country also offers a variety of scholarships for international students and boasts world-class infrastructure with the highest completion rates for PhDs. Additionally, students at Australian universities can choose to pursue PhD in some of the most offbeat and innovative fields. Some of the top universities offering PhD programs are as follows:

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Here is a list of the paperwork students must provide to apply to one of the overseas universities. The paperwork would vary from country to country and from university to university.

• A master’s degree earned from a recognized university.
• GRE scores (For courses/ universities that require GRE, a score above 310+ is considered to be good, although the minimum score for different sections may differ for each program/ university)
• IELTS proficiency test results (an IELTS score of 6.5 overall is generally required, with at least 6.0 in each of the four components).
• Letter of recommendation
• Transcripts (of secondary school education, undergraduate degree, and graduate degree)
• Statement of Purpose

The top 5 scholarships for Indian students interested in pursuing a PhD at a foreign university are listed below:

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A Ph.D.  is an exceptional qualification that requires a lot of attention on the part of the students and guidance from an excellent university that values research. Therefore, students need to understand how to get admission in PhD abroad at some top universities. The facts in this post will help you determine which nation will be the best and why.

How to get admission in PhD abroad?

Along with other necessary paperwork from the university, a student needs a master’s degree from an accredited institution to study PhD abroad.

Is there a test to get a PhD abroad?

Some of the most popular entrance examinations needed for studying PhD abroad include IELTS, TOEFL , the GRE, the GMAT , and the SAT .

We are a dedicated team of study-abroad experts, ensuring intensive research and comprehensive information in each of our blogs. With every piece written, we aim at simplifying the overseas education process for all. Our diverse experience as journalists, content writers, editors, content strategists, and marketers helps create the most relevant and authentic blogs for our readers.

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How to prepare to study a PhD

Studying for a PhD represents is the highest level of academic study. Requiring hard work and dedication it's a big decision to study at a doctoral level. We explore how to prepare and what you can expect.

Studying for a PhD represents the highest level of academic study that you can pursue. It is a unique opportunity to research independently and make an original contribution to the subject and field you are involved in. A PhD is quite different from other postgraduate degrees, requiring additional skills, knowledge and insight. We’re here to help you with some tips on preparing for a PhD, what you’ll need, what you can study, and how a PhD can help or shape your career. 

What is a PhD?

A PhD is a research-driven degree and the highest academic qualification you can obtain. PhD candidates need to undertake in-depth research and positively contribute to the body of knowledge in a subject specialisation. A PhD is different from almost all other degrees as there are generally no taught components. A PhD usually takes between three and four years to complete full-time, while part-time up to seven years. 

As a PhD student, you will submit a final thesis and dissertation, which is assessed by a panel of examiners who decide whether the work warrants the award of a doctoral degree. A PhD may also have no mark attached to it and is awarded as either a pass or fail. If you pass your PhD, you get a Doctor of Philosophy qualification and the title of Doctor, although this is usually only used in academic settings. 

Why study for a PhD?

A PhD is a significant investment of time and money. You must be interested in the subject or area of specialisation you intend to research. You should also have an affinity for academic research and inquiry. Additionally, you’ll be motivated to contribute to a field and develop your expertise. Some of the reasons why students decide to study for a PhD are:

• To gain invaluable skills 
• To improve career prospects
• To develop knowledge and understanding
• To uncover unique insights and perspectives 
• To translate research into practical implementation 
• For personal development 

Every student may have different motivations for pursuing a PhD, so it’s always advised that you speak with a prospective supervisor or the academic office at a university to assess your suitability. This can be assessing your specialist area or whether a PhD aligns with your personal and professional goals. 

What does studying for a PhD involve?

For a PhD, you will initially have to submit a proposal or outline of your proposed research. This will list the hypothesis, theories, methodology and scope for your research. If accepted onto a PhD programme, you can use this as the blueprint for your dissertation and thesis. Depending on your subject area, you may need to conduct in-person interviews, focus groups, laboratory work and fieldwork as part of your studies. 

Studying for a PhD will involve a lot of reading, testing, writing and research. Don’t worry, you won’t have to do it all alone. On a PhD programme, you can usually interact with other doctoral students at seminars and workshops. In addition, you will have an appointed supervisor , who is usually an expert in the field, helping you refine ideas and supporting you. 

One of the most important skills you must master as a PhD student is time management. You will be balancing many competing priorities, so having a clear schedule and plan can help significantly. You will find yourself multitasking and trying to meet deadlines regularly. 

Read more about the international student experience abroad. 

What challenges do PhD students face? 

Preparation for a PhD is essential. You must honestly assess some of the challenges and obstacles you could face to navigate these successfully. You’ll be working hard and maintaining high academic standards , which can be stressful. Additionally, a PhD can mean working and researching independently, which can be isolating and lonely. Don’t be afraid to request academic support or speak with your supervisor about this. 

Due to the length of a PhD, you will also find that your motivation levels may change. This is completely normal, and you shouldn’t worry too much about it unless it affects your day-to-day life and ability to meet deadlines. Perseverance is key, and if you need to speak with a counsellor or someone you trust to get support , always do so. 

Another challenge some PhD students will face relates to funding . Tuition fees and additional costs will add up over time, so finding a form of funding, such as a loan or scholarship can be very useful. If you are paying for the degree yourself, this may involve you working a full-time job or doing part-time work. Always check that you can work in the destination you want to study in and make a comprehensive budget, including all living costs and expenses . 

Discover more about looking after your mental health as a student. 

Tips for preparing for a PhD

Preparing for PhD study involves several key steps. You will need to decide on your research topic and area of specialisation. You must also check if your prospective university has a supervisor who is suitably qualified in the area. In addition, some other valuable steps you can take to get ready for doctoral studies include:

• Reading articles, books, and journals related to your topic of interest
• Finding out what the entry requirements are
• Researching the application procedure
• Asking your current lecturers for their advice on studying for a PhD
• Look into how to write a research proposal
• Undertake any English language tests if necessary
• Decide on your references (people who know you in an academic context)

Discover more about how universities verify overseas qualifications .  

Will a PhD help my career?

The answer to this question depends on the specialisation you are studying. First and foremost, a PhD is an academic rather than a professional degree , so the direct connection with career progression may not be readily apparent. However, in STEM fields such as medicine, engineering, healthcare, and even technology, a PhD can positively impact your career trajectory. 

A PhD will also equip you with several transferable skills . These include key competencies such as:

• Information synthesis 
• Writing 
• Research 
• Presenting 
• Interviewing 
• Communication 

Some PhD graduates go on to teach and work at universities, becoming lecturers and potentially professors. If you wish to work in higher education in this capacity, a PhD is usually a pre-requisite. 

Hopefully, you now feel more prepared to take on a PhD. If you're looking to do some more research, you may like our guides to postgraduate study , preparing for postgraduate study , and the top postgraduate degrees for international students.

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Studying law and becoming a lawyer remains a respected and sought-after path and profession for international students. Law is one of the oldest academic fields and has attracted many famous names, including Nelson Mandela, Barack Obama, and Benazir Bhutto. Motivations for studying law may differ. For some, it is a calling to uphold justice, while for others, it is to protect human and environmental rights. What law does provide is the potential to make a difference

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If you have had your eye on studying a postgraduate qualification, and particularly a master’s degree you would have encountered pre-master’s programmes in your research. Sometimes it’s not always easy to understand the differences between the qualifications and courses on offer and why you would apply or enrol for a pre-master’s programme. We take a closer look at pre-master’s courses and programmes, demystifying the details.     What is a

What course should I take at university?

Feeling lost about which university course you should choose for your study abroad journey? We feel you. Picking the wrong course can be costly and time-consuming if you end up having to switch, so it's crucial to weigh your options carefully to ensure you don't regret your decision.   To give you a hand in selecting a subject that's right for you, we have compiled a list of factors to consider, coupled with insights from our experts. Read

MA vs MSc: What is the best choice?

If you’ve been considering studying for a master’s degree, you would likely have come across a few different options. This can initially seem confusing. You may think that the degrees are pretty much the same. However, there are some key differences between two of the most popular master’s qualifications, namely an MA and an MSc. In this article, we explain what these degrees are, what it takes to study them and what careers they can lead to.    

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The Pros & Cons of Earning a Graduate Degree Abroad

Choosing to attend graduate school overseas is a big decision. read on and let us help you weigh the pros and cons of earning a graduate degree abroad..

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Key Takeaways 🔑

• While graduate degrees abroad may come with a lower price tag, the cost of living in your host city could set you back.
• Many international universities participate in the US federal financial aid program meaning you can obtain loans for your overseas graduate degree.
• If studying in a non-English-speaking country, you'll have plenty of opportunities to gain or perfect language skills. However, you may have difficulties finding part-time work if your fluency is low.
• You can expect to experience serious personal growth abroad, but with the possibility of moments of homesickness.

Graduate school is an important step in your education and there are many options to consider. Do you pick a school close to home or go out of state? What about a graduate degree abroad As someone who has earned master's degrees in the US and Ireland, I can confidently say there are both pros and cons to earning a master's or PhD abroad.

But should you do your master's or PhD abroad? I'll walk you through the benefits of studying at a foreign university plus potential points to consider.

Can you study abroad in grad school?

If you're wondering if you can study abroad in grad school, the answer is a resounding yes! You also have several ways to do it. You can study abroad for a short period of time or earn a full degree. Many countries whose main language is not English have a wide range of graduate programs completely or partially in English. You can even get a PhD in another country!

Additionally, some US master's programs incorporate study abroad to enrich the experience. If you're a PhD student, you can do some or all of your dissertation research abroad if it fits your field of study.

Pro: Your degree may cost less

Graduate school in the U.S. can cost you a pretty penny. While you can save money attending an in-state university, the fact of the matter is that you will likely rack up debt in the process.

According to Nerd Wallet, U.S. students collectively held around 1.74 trillion dollars in loans as of 2023. Roughly one-fifth of college graduates with student loan debt work more than one job and report higher levels of financial insecurity. If these statistics have you reconsidering graduate study, thankfully, there is an alternative.

Before deciding to pursue a graduate degree abroad in Ireland, I looked at Master of Public Health degrees within close proximity of my home in the States. A nearby private university was just over $67,000 for an 11-month program, while a public university cost around $34,500 for 18 months. Even with the conversion rate from euro to USD, I found that a graduate program at University College Dublin was only around $20,800.

There are many low-cost, high-quality graduate programs overseas. In some countries like Germany, you can study anything from biology to dance studies for free (no, that's not a typo!).

Other countries with free or low tuition graduate programs in English include:

The best part is, many international universities participate in the US federal financial aid program meaning you can obtain loans for your overseas graduate degree.

Con: The cost of living could be higher than at home

You may find yourself paying nearly the same amount in a country with free tuition as a university in the U.S. when factoring in the cost of living. Cities, both large and small, across the world are experiencing rising costs for essential things like rent and food. In Dublin, a popular destination for international students, rooms in a shared house or apartment are now going for upwards of $1,000 a month.

When budgeting and comparing costs, don’t forget to factor in expenses other than tuition like rent, utilities, food, transportation, and leisure activities.

Pro: It’s the perfect opportunity for language learning

You're likely attending graduate school to improve your job prospects. You may also want to work in the country where you attend grad school, or elsewhere abroad, after graduation.

Living in a non-English speaking country presents unique opportunities to learn the local language. Aside from personal enrichment, a second or third language is an invaluable addition to your CV. Universities tend to offer free or reduced language courses for international students even if they are studying a graduate degree in English.

Con: The language barrier can limit job opportunities

A language barrier can be a hindrance when searching for jobs abroad while in grad school or after graduation.

Most student jobs are within the hospitality and retail fields. If studying overseas, you may face difficulties securing part-time work if you don't have basic proficiency in the language. English is certainly an international tongue but it will not help if you work in a field where you need to interact with local people.

Check with your campus' career development center to find out about any on-campus opportunities for English speakers. They might also have leads for outside gigs as well. If all else fails, consider advertising yourself as a tutor for basic or academic English both at the university and in your city/town.

Pro: You can network internationally by studying your subject at the source

Doing your graduate degree abroad allows you to study your chosen subject where you are guaranteed exposure to the experts and faculty engaged in active research. Imagine studying geothermal energy in Iceland and taking a class trip to the Blue Lagoon? Nothing beats hands-on experience to complement your classroom learning.

Aside from making connections with local experts and faculty, your classmates are invaluable when it comes to networking. My master's cohort in Ireland was leaps and bounds more diverse than my grad program in the US. My fellow students came from India, Tanzania, Mexico, the UK, the US, Uganda, and of course Ireland. They held advanced degrees in dentistry, medicine, nursing, nutrition, and social sciences. Making friends with these talented individuals opened many doors across the globe for me.

Furthermore, depending on the country, visas exist to allow you to stay and work legally following the completion of your studies.

Con: Missed opportunities for networking in your home country

If you’re planning to return to your home country to work after graduation, studying abroad could mean missing out on local networking. In a competitive job market, who you know is often as important as what you know.

Attending grad school abroad allowed me to connect with numerous professionals in the public health field, although those contacts were mostly limited to Ireland. If I had planned to return to the U.S. for employment, I would have missed out on easy access to local professionals who could have acted as references or even given me insider info about job opportunities.

If your interests or career goals are hyper-local (i.e. development projects in Baltimore or Detroit), it may be more beneficial to study at a university in or near that specific city in order to engage with community leaders and local stakeholders. Overseas programs can certainly offer alternative ways of looking at problems within a field, however, for certain areas of studies, networking is the most important part of getting ahead.

Pro: Grad school abroad amplifies personal growth

Grad school is challenging in itself but when undertaken overseas, you'll find yourself constantly testing your limits. Not only will you face a different style of teaching than you're used to, but living in another country with another culture will take some getting used to. If this sounds scary, consider how much you will grow after these experiences.

A study by the International Education of Students (IES) showed that 97% believed studying abroad increased their maturity level. When it came to self-confidence, 96% said they were more confident individuals after their experience overseas.

During my master's program at University College Dublin, I found that students were expected to have a much greater sense of autonomy and ownership of their studies. In some classes, we didn't receive a syllabus. Study guides were unheard of. At times I felt like I was floating by with no direction. But rather than being defeated by this perceived lack of guidance, I learned to be more organized and engaged in my own learning.

Doing a graduate degree abroad will definitely help you grow, both professionally and personally, if you just take the leap!

Con: You may experience homesickness

A day after landing in Dublin, and quickly realizing how bad the rental market was, I found myself curled up in the fetal position on my hostel bed questioning my decision to attend grad school in a foreign country. Despite having traveled and lived abroad before, I felt overwhelmingly homesick at that moment.

This dreaded condition can strike the unassuming at any time and can hit hard. Attending grad school abroad and setting up a new life from scratch is as stressful as it is exciting. Being away from familiar surroundings can be difficult – but the good thing about homesickness is that it's temporary. By pushing through those initial unpleasant feelings, you are sure to reap the rewards.

Understand foreign degree acceptance in the US

If returning to the U.S. after earning your grad degree overseas, your credentials may not be immediately recognized. Overseas degrees in fields such as healthcare, law, and education require lengthy verification in the US by individual accrediting bodies.

Private employers and governmental agencies in the US may also require credential verification which essentially proves that your foreign degree is equivalent to one in the US. There is no one official organization to perform this service. However, World Education Services is widely used and can provide degree verification, course equivalency, and authentication that is accepted by many employers and universities.

How to apply to grad school abroad

Applying to grad school abroad may seem scary but it's not all that different from applying to programs in the US. Nearly every university regardless of country lets you apply online and generally asks for the same documents: transcripts, CV, personal statement, and recommendation letters.

To get a graduate degree abroad, you usually need to follow these steps:

• Choose the country (or countries!) you want to study in.
• Narrow down your choice of universities.
• Prepare your application documents (mentioned above), including translations if needed.
• Apply online.
• When admitted, apply for the necessary student visa.

If you have any questions or doubts, always remember you can reach out to the university's international student office. They will be happy to help guide you.

Read more : How to Apply to Grad Schools in Europe as an American

Teach & Learn in Spain Graduate Program

Study or Earn Your Degree in Aix-en-Provence, France

Study Abroad: American University of Sharjah in UAE

Weigh the pros and cons to see if grad school abroad is right for you.

Earning a graduate degree abroad is an exciting journey but requires proper planning. If you determine that this route is right for you after weighing the pros and cons, jump into research to select the perfect course of study. Once the wheels of your graduate education are in motion, you are guaranteed a wild and seriously fulfilling ride!

Keep on Reading

How to Study in Germany for Free as an International Student

How to Study Abroad for Free or Cheap

How Much Does it Cost to Study Abroad in Germany?

10 Reasons Why Every Student Should Study Abroad

10 Best Universities for English-Speaking International Students in 2024

How to Find Student Housing in Spain

Starting a PhD in a foreign country? Here are some tips to help you on your journey…

Oct 7, 2020

Have you checked out the rest of  The PhD Knowledge Base ? It’s home to hundreds more free resources and guides, written especially for PhD students. 

Author: Caitlin Meyer

Another chapter in academia can be a harrowing concept for anyone as the journey begins, but for someone choosing to study abroad for their PhD, there is a whole extra level of anxiety that comes with uprooting one ’ s life to unpack in a new world.

Exciting, exhilarating, and rejuvenating? By all means! Anxiety riddled, nerve-wracking, and causing you to second guess every decision you ’ ve ever made? That too.

In this post, I want to talk through some of the challenges involved in starting a PhD abroad.

While I am grateful that my experience starting my PhD abroad in China has been a pretty smooth transition, for the most part, there is a lot of advice I wish I had been given before beginning this new life journey.

Simply being in an unfamiliar country magnifies the insecurities and anxieties you already have about starting a PhD. A new chapter, especially in a new culture, can be a magnificent adventure, but those worries can hamper your experience when starting on your journey.

Here is what I wish someone had told me over a hot cup of consultative coffee.

Hello, Doctor…

Sounds good, doesn’t it?  Be able to call yourself Doctor sooner with our five-star rated How to Write A PhD email-course. Learn everything your supervisor should have taught you about planning and completing a PhD.

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What you’re feeling is normal

I wish someone had sat me down, bought me a cup of coffee, and given me five minutes of their time to tell me that what I was feeling was not only normal, but it would be worrisome if I wasn ’ t feeling anxious and insecure to some degree.

As the time draws near for your departure, it is normal for the excitement to flow to the backburner of your brain as anxiety starts to claim territory over your thoughts. Keep a list of things that you want to do and achieve while you are abroad (not just in academia!), and write down why you decided to choose this experience for your PhD.

Keep that list of reasons with you to read as you start to get nervous. It’ll help remind you what your goals are and that, not only are you capable of achieving them, you are on your way to doing so.

It can help keep anxiety at bay when your nerves start to nag at you.

Make connections

The most important aspect of pursuing your PhD abroad, which I cannot stress enough, is making connections. Making connections with fellow PhD students, both local and foreign, is important, but before you arrive I highly recommend getting to know the staff at your international student office. They are the ones that will help you with issues that crop up.

Need to know where to find a certain building for a class? They have you covered. Not sure where to pick up your mail? That ’ s where to ask.

Introduce yourself by email before you arrive. I have found that bringing a small welcome gift from your native country never hurt anyone make an even better impression in person. Also, try to get to know older students who have already been through your experience (in the same field is even better!). They’ll understand what you’re going through and are able to give you the hacks for getting around campus and the city that the international student office can ’ t provide.

Do your homework

Be sure to make a list of any numbers you might need in case of emergency – hospitals, police stations, where to get your computer or cell phone fixed or replaced, and so on. This is handy to have and will help relieve stress, because you’ll know what to do when a problem crops up.

In addition to emergency numbers and addresses, be sure to ask around for the best coffee shops, pubs, and restaurants in the area. The social aspect of landing fresh in a new country is important, and knowing the right places to go make it easier to meet new people.

Don ’ t forget to check and make sure you know what the country will require of you before and/or when you land – what should you prepare besides your passport? Do you need extra passport pictures or forms filled out before arrival? Do you need doctor ’ s papers for shots, vaccines, etc.? The paperwork can take a lot of time, and making sure you know everything you need beforehand can make the process smoother.

Familiarise yourself with your area before you go – a little at a time, not in a “ I ’ ll buy every Lonely Planet guide that has ever been printed” sort of way. Whether it ’ s a beginner’s course in a different language or using Google Maps to scope out the area, these steps will make the culture shock seem less like a body slam to your system upon arrival.

Your PhD thesis. All on one page.

Use our free PhD structure template to quickly visualise every element of your thesis. 

Don’t overthink

One piece of advice that may seem counterintuitive is to keep in mind that over-planning (which often leads to overpacking) might not be the best way to go. Planning thoroughly and organising yourself is important, but focus on the big things, and let the little things go, such as making sure you have shoes for every season. Those things can always be taken care of once you are unpacked. A picture of your family cannot. Bring things from home that will remind you of your loved ones and your favourite places. You will miss home, even if you don ’ t think you will, so bring it with you in some form.

Lastly, as I finish sharing with you these hypothetical dregs of coffee from my consultative cup, I wish someone had just told me to keep an open mind and remember to breathe. The number one quality that you can possess and maintain during this experience is flexibility, because this next chapter will always be different from how you imagined. Accept the changes as they come with an open mind and the experiences will make you stronger. It ’ s a part of the adventure and those are the experiences that will impact you the most and make your time pursuing your PhD that much more meaningful.

Enjoy the magic, even if it is stressful.

Our minds are not only changing because of our journey through academia, but also because of the total immersion of the process around us. As we continue learning through our research, we will learn just as much about ourselves. It ’ s a leap of faith, but please, whatever you do, keep your eyes open when you are learning to fly.

Caitlin Meyer is an international student pursuing her PhD abroad in Shenyang, China at Northeastern University, where her focus is gender equality and innovation in Science and Technology Policy. If you have any questions about pursuing your studies abroad, email her at [email protected].

Interested in group workshops, cohort-courses and a free PhD learning & support community? 

The team behind The PhD Proofreaders have launched The PhD People, a free learning and community platform for PhD students. Connect, share and learn with other students, and boost your skills with cohort-based workshops and courses.

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6 countries that offer free or very cheap PhD programmes

Some undergraduate degrees lead to more lucrative jobs than others. To take it a step further, certain postgraduate degrees — such as a master’s or, better yet, a PhD — can snag you jobs with the highest earnings and lowest unemployment rates.

The downside of all that is that the cost of pursuing a terminal degree abroad can be eye-watering — but not if you’re studying in the cheapest countries to study a PhD.

Normally, full-time PhDs last for around three to four years , and those who enrol in three-year programmes often only finish their thesis in their fourth year. Meanwhile, part-time PhDs can take up to six or seven years — and that’s not even considering the fact that the thesis deadline can be extended by up to four years at the institution’s discretion.

Naturally, as the years add up, so do your tuition, living, and other miscellaneous expenses when studying abroad.

The cheapest countries to study a PhD for international students

If you’re planning to pursue a PhD in renewable energy or something closely related, then Sweden is your best bet. Data shows that more than 60% of the energy used in Sweden came from renewable sources in 2022 .

The best part about pursuing a PhD in Sweden? It is free for all — including international students.

One thing to note is that this only applies to this terminal degree; non-EU/EEA students pursuing bachelor’s or master’s programmes will still need to pay for tuition, though even then, it’s still pretty affordable .

On top of it all, Sweden is home to some highly-ranked universities — seven of them are listed in the top 350 universities in the QS World University Rankings 2025. The best universities in Sweden, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Lund University , are ranked 74th and 75th respectively.

Norway is one of the cheapest countries to study a PhD, though if you’re averse to the cold, you might want to think twice about it. Source: AFP

Norway is another Nordic country that tops the list of cheapest countries to study a PhD in. While the country has no longer been a tuition-free option for international students beginning 2023, its fees still remain fairly affordable .

A notable thing about pursuing your PhD here is that PhD candidates do not have student status in Norway — you’re considered to be an employee instead. Therefore, no tuition fee is required.

However, universities will require you for funding that covers living expenses and necessary working capital. This can come in the form of doctoral research fellowships or affiliation with an academic community, institution, or similar.

Norway has two universities ranked in the top 350 of the QS World University Rankings 2025 : the University of Oslo at #119 and the Norwegian University of Science And Technology at #264.

International students who study in Finland get to bask in the spectacular views of incredible natural phenomena witnessed in only a few parts of the world, such as the Northern Lights. Source: Oliver Morin/AFP

Finland is another Nordic country which tops our list of cheapest countries to study for a PhD for international students. Like Norway and Sweden, studying for your bachelor’s or master’s is affordable here , and it doesn’t cost anything to pursue your PhD.

In late 2023, the Finnish government announced that they would fund 1,000 PhDs who have to finish in three years .

This pilot programme, which began in 2024, saw the government allocate over 260 million euros (US$281 million) to test a new model for PhD education in Finland, aiming to increase the number of PhD graduates and strengthen the societal impact of PhD training.

It was also a direct result of universities in Finland highlighting the inadequate funding of PhDs and the shortage of skilled workers available in the country .

Finland is home to four  of the top 350 universities in the  QS World University Rankings 2025 list. These include   Aalto University at #113, the University of Helsinki at #117, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology LUT at #336, and the University of Oulu at #344.

  View this post on Instagram   A post shared by TUM Graduate School (@tum.graduateschool)

Germany has always been known for its world-class education system, innovation, and low-cost tuition fees for its students. Now, international students graduating from German universities can look forward to initiatives that help them secure jobs in the country from 2024 to 2028 .

Here, universities don’t charge PhD students tuition fees and instead require them to secure funding. Lucky for you, there are many ways to acquire that — whether through the university’s doctoral fellowships or the various funding programmes available .

8 German universities are in the top 150 of the QS World University Rankings 2025 list, and there’s 19 total if you’re looking at the top 350:

• #28: Technical University of Munich
• #59: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
• #84: Universität Heidelberg
• #97: Freie Universitaet Berlin
• #99: RWTH Aachen University
• #102: KIT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
• #126: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
• #147: Technische Universität Berlin (TU Berlin)

Not only do you get to enjoy quality education in France, but you’ll also get to immerse yourself in the rich culture and life in the country throughout your studies. Source: AFP

Another country to make it to our pick of the cheapest countries to study a PhD in is France.

Under French law, candidates cannot pursue a PhD without funding — you need a contrat doctoral that gives you the right to a salary and other benefits before you are accepted into a PhD programme.

Some universities might require you to pay an annual tuition fee — Sciences Po requires 391 euros (approximately US$436) — though some universities don’t, so keep an eye on that.

10 universities in France are found in the top 350 of the QS World University Rankings 2025 list. The four that make it into the top 150 are the Université PSL at #24, the Institut Polytechnique de Paris at #46, Sorbonne University at #63, and Université Paris-Saclay at #73.

  View this post on Instagram   A post shared by University of Tartu | Tartu Ülikool (@unitartu)

A pleasant surprise you might find on this list is none other than the picturesque Estonia. All education is free at the PhD level in this Northern European country, so its time to give it its due consideration.

Estonia’s best-ranking university is the University of Tartu , at #358 on the QS World University Rankings 2025 list. It’s Estonia’s national university, and earning a doctoral degree here positions you for a career in academia: a total of 62 researchers from the University of Tartu belong to the top 1% of most-cited researchers in the world .

The university offers eight doctoral programmes (further divided into specialisations), all of which fall under one of four centres for doctoral studies: humanities, social sciences, medicine and sport, and science and technology.

Disclaimer: This article was last updated on September 23, 2024.

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PhD Abroad: with Scholarship for Indian Students, Colleges, Work Visa, Eligibility

Collegedunia Team

Content Curator

PhD Abroad are 2 to 6-year degree courses available at most of the top public universities across the globe. PhD from abroad will light up more opportunities for the candidates in terms of career and scholarship.

Top abroad universities offer a full scholarship for PhD programmes.  IELTS ,  TOEFL ,  GRE ,  GMAT , and  SAT  are some of the most popular entrance exams required for studying PhD Abroad.

See more :  List of PhD Courses

Table of Contents

• PhD Abroad: Eligibility
• Why study PhD from Abroad

PhD Abroad Scholarships

Phd abroad: top colleges.

4.1 Colleges in USA

4.2 Colleges in UK

4.3 Colleges in Canada

4.4 Colleges in Germany

4.5 Colleges in France

4.6 Colleges in Australia

• Work Visa for PhD Abroad

PhD Abroad: Top Careers

Phd abroad: faqs, phd abroad: eligibility criteria.

• Grades from academia (a high GPA)
• Previous Studies for Science
• Undertaken Ventures
• Scores of Studies (GRE, TOEFL in case of USA )
• Papers Posted, if any,
• If submitted, dissertations
• Healthy engagement in co-curricular events related to the research subject you have selected.
• Excellent Letters for Recommendation
• A clear Intent Argument

Why Study PhD from Abroad?

• Better Opportunities: In terms of both services and future managers, adding internationality will give you more alternatives. Also, researching in another country may encourage your access if your research needs access to such museums, locations, libraries, archives, or facilities.
• Better Funding: Doing your Ph.D. abroad could be considerably cheaper. Tuition fees, notably at the doctorate level, vary greatly around the globe. In addition, you may apply for some scholarships that are exclusively for students studying abroad from your home country or your destination country.
• Broad Network: By creating ties in a new county, extend your network. You will get to know individuals on a personal basis and make friends from all over the world. Doing a Ph.D. abroad will also benefit you if, after receiving your degree, you intend to work beyond your home country.
• New Culture: Studying globally would help you to develop a global perspective. You're going to be introduced to new concepts, ways of instruction, and academic communities. You might also get the chance to learn a foreign language.

Students who are aiming for a Ph.D. program often opt for foreign countries in different fields like healthcare, automobile, manufacturing, computer Science, Social Science, etc. The average cost can vary and it can be very heavy on pockets. Scholarships help reduce that burden. Some of the top Scholarships are tabulated below for your reference, 

PhD or Doctor of Philosophy is an academic qualification that allows the degree holder to teach the subject they have chosen at the university level. There are many top universities around the globe that offer PhD courses in various specializations. They also offer scholarships as well for students who worry about their finances

PhD abroad is a 3-6 year course that brings more opportunities for the candidates. IELTS, TOEFL, GMAT, SAT, and GRE are some of the major entrance exams to gain admission to these universities. Many countries like the USA, UK, Germany, Australia, Japan, Canada, Singapore, France house top universities that offer PhD courses.

PhD Colleges in USA

Some of the top PhD colleges in USA are tabulated below:

PhD Colleges in UK

Tabulated below are some of the top colleges for PhD and the courses offered by them are provided below for your reference, 

PhD Colleges in Canada

Tabulated below are some of the top colleges for PhD and the courses offered by them are provided below for your reference,:

PhD Colleges in Germany

Some of the top PhD colleges in Germany and Courses are tabulated below for your reference,:

PhD Colleges in France

Some of the top PhD colleges in France and Courses are tabulated below for your reference,::

PhD Colleges in Australia

Some of the top PhD colleges in Australia are tabulated below:

PhD Abroad: Work Visa

After Completion of the PhD program, there are a number of visas available that will help candidates to stay in that country for future job prospects. Some of the visa and their eligibility is mentioned below for your reference, 

Ques. What is the qualification required to pursue a Ph.D.?

Ans. You must have a previous master's degree in a relevant subject. You will also need a thesis proposal, Language proficiency scores, well-written SOP, and letters of recommendation to apply for a Ph.D.

Ques. Which country offers pocket-friendly Ph.D.?

Ans . Countries such as Germany, Finland, Sweden, and Norway offer low-cost Ph.D. programs?

Ques. What is the period required to complete a Ph.D.?

Ans. A Ph.D. program usually takes anywhere between 2 to 6 years.

Ques. Which country offers a better stipend to Ph.D. students?

Ans. For Ph.D. candidates, the highest salaries are in Switzerland and Canada, with Ph.D. candidates in Switzerland earning on average twice as much as those in Germany.

Ques. Which exams you need to clear to pursue a Ph.D. abroad?

Ans. You will need to secure excellent IELTS/TOEFL scores

Ques. What is the cost of studying Ph.D. abroad?

Ans . In the USA, the average cost of studying for a Ph.D. is nearly US$20,000–40,000 per year. In the UK, the average total cost of studying Ph.D. and living is nearly £10,032 per year. In Australia, The average total cost of doing a Ph.D. in science is nearly AUS$60,562. In Germany, you are expected to pay a semester contribution of around €250.

Ph.D. : 43 answered questions

Ques. are master's degrees from ignou acceptable for admission into ph.d courses in top universities.

● Top Answer By Anumita Mukharjee on 28 Apr 22

Ques. Is a Phd from IGNOU worth it/valuable?

● Top Answer By Srabani Guha on 24 Jul 23

Ques. How is the Direct PhD program of IIT Madras?

● Top Answer By Arati Sinha on 29 Mar 23

Ques. What is the value of a Ph.D. degree from IIT Bombay?

● Top Answer By Karuna Nair on 13 Mar 23

Ques. Why do some students in IIT Bombay leave high-paying jobs and join grad schools for PhD?

● Top Answer By Advait Joshi on 23 Mar 23

Ques. What is the placement scenario after PhD in IIT Bombay?

● Top Answer By Advait Joshi on 17 Mar 23

Ques. Is a PhD from IGNOU valid?

● Top Answer By Pankaj Kumar on 18 Oct 22

Ques. What is the placement record of MSc applied statistics students of IIT Bombay?

● Top Answer By Poornima Sahoo on 18 Mar 23

Ques. How difficult is it to get a PhD from IISc Bangalore?

● Top Answer By Bidita Ghose on 14 Jul 23

Ques. How good is doing a PhD in BITS Pilani compared to IITs?

● Top Answer By Advait Joshi on 27 Jun 23

Ph.D. (Chemistry)

Ph.d. (physics), ph.d. (mathematics), ph.d. (biotechnology), ph.d. (zoology), ph.d. (psychology), ph.d. (business management), ph.d. (management studies), master of science [ms], ph.d. (computer science), ph.d. colleges in india.

IIM Mumbai - Indian Institute of Management

IIMV - Indian Institute of Management

Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research - [PGIMER]

IIM Sambalpur

IIM Sirmaur

University Business School, Panjab University - [UBS]

PSG Institute of Management - [PSGIM]

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Entry requirements for international PhD applicants

At Sussex, you'll join a community of students and staff from more than 100 countries. We accept applications for postgraduate study from across the world.

General entry requirements for international students

At Sussex, our usual entry requirements for UK and international students are:

• at least an upper second-class (2:1) undergraduate honours degree or equivalent international qualification
• a Masters degree if you are applying for research degrees in the arts or social sciences, or an equivalent international qualification.

We may also consider professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing when making offers.

To find out which qualifications and grades we accept from your country:

• search for the PhD you want to study
• go to the Entry requirements section and select International requirements
• choose your country from the drop-down list.

You can also get advice from Sussex representatives in your country .

Specific entry requirements for international students

You must also meet our specific entry requirements for each research degree. These are listed with each PhD degree .

• the grade required for your course
• if you need to have an undergraduate qualification in a specific subject
• if you need to have a Masters qualification.

If you are an American student, federal regulations state that you must have a secondary school completion credential (high school diploma) or the recognized equivalent of a secondary school completion credential to be eligible to apply for Federal Student Aid. Find out more about American Student Loans and Federal Student Aid .

English language qualifications

All teaching at Sussex is in English. You must be sufficiently fluent in English to be accepted on to your PhD, and this may form part of your offer.

Find out more about our English language requirements

You can also apply to study our Pre-sessional English course .

For some research degrees we may ask you to attend an interview.

If you are an international student, you may be interviewed over the phone or via Skype.

Applying for a visa

If you are an international student, you may need to apply for a student visa to study in the UK.

Find out more about applying for a visa on the Student Hub .

Academic Technology Approval Scheme (ATAS)

You need to apply for ATAS clearance if you are not a national of an European Area (EEA) country or Switzerland, and you are applying for a science or engineering-based PhD.

Find out more about ATAS on the Student Hub .

You might also be interested in:

• English language requirements
• how to apply for a PhD
• visa information on the Student Hub .

• Youth Program
• Wharton Online

International Students

Wharton is an international community, with students, faculty, and alumni representing 153 countries worldwide. as an international doctoral student, you will find the intellectual and cultural diversity of the wharton community to be a welcoming environment for your doctoral studies. wharton’s faculty research touches upon an extremely broad range of global business topics, providing you exceptional opportunities to explore your areas of interest., applying as an international student.

International candidates must have a college-level education equivalent to a four-year United States baccalaureate degree. There are a number of universities around the world that offer three-year undergraduate programs. If you received a bachelor’s degree upon completion of one of these undergraduate programs, you are eligible to apply to Wharton’s doctoral programs. Many candidates from three-year programs have a master’s degree as well, but it is not required.

Application Requirements for International Students

When applying, you need to carefully review the requirements for submitting all of your transcripts and student records. These include all post-secondary educational institutions you have attended, including technical and professional schools.

There is not a limit on the number of international students who will be accepted into the Doctoral Programs each year. Acceptance is based on academic history, test results, recommendations, and personal statement.

Financial Aid

International students who are accepted into the Wharton Doctoral Programs receive the same financial package as domestic students. Please see the Expenses & Financial Aid section of this site for additional information

Language Proficiency

The TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) is required if you are an international applicant whose native language is not English. Please carefully review all the requirements for the exam explained in Standardized Test Scores .

International students who are accepted into the program and whose first language is not English may be required to take the SPEAK test offered through the English Language Programs office.

This test is used to determine/confirm a student’s fluency in English. If test results indicate a student would benefit from additional language instruction, arrangements will be made for summer class work and tutoring. Students will be expected to complete this additional work to ensure their proficiency in written and spoken English in professional settings.

Immigration and Taxes

For detailed information regarding immigration and taxes, please visit Penn’s Penn Global . In order to maintain legal student status in the United States, international PhD students must be enrolled for a full-time course load, which means a minimum of three courses per semester. Full-time enrollment does not include audits or incompletes. Once you have completed your coursework and are working on your thesis or dissertation, you must maintain your full-time status by registering for doctoral dissertation tuition or registration.

For detailed information regarding immigration and taxes, please visit Penn’s Penn Global .

• Penn Graduate Catalog
• International Student & Scholar Services
• Penn English Language Programs

• PhD Study, for Free? – 14 Countries That Charge Very Little (or Nothing!) for Doctoral Degrees

There are many reasons to study abroad for a PhD – accessing unique research opportunities, studying at globally renowned universities, expanding your horizons and having new experiences – but the chance to pay less for your degree is definitely one of them.

In fact, you may have heard that some places let doctoral students study for free. Is there really such thing as a free PhD? Well, sort of. There are several countries that don't charge any 'tuition fees' to PhD students and I'm going to list a selection of them in this blog.

Before I do though, it's important to understand that 'fee-free' isn't quite the same as 'free'. There are lots of other costs associated with a PhD besides university fees, not least living expenses across three (or more) years of postgraduate research.

You may also find you need to pay for research trips or materials during your doctorate and some universities will also charge small amounts for registration or student union membership. The bottom line is that you may still need some funding , even if your PhD itself is 'free'.

But paying nothing (or very little) for your PhD fees will certainly make a doctorate easier to fund. Let's take a look at some of the places around the world where you can do that.

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Austria charges no PhD fees at public research universities. However, this condition only applies to EU and EEA students who finish their doctorates on time (extra semesters cost €363.36 each). International students pay fees throughout their degrees, but the maximum cost is capped by the Austrian Government at a fairly low €726.72 per semester.

EU and EEA students do pay fees to study at Austria's universities of applied sciences and all students pay a small students' union contribution.

Read our guide to PhD study in Austria for more information, or take a look at some current Austrian PhD opportunities .

The country that invented the PhD is also one of the most affordable places to study a doctorate in Europe. Germany's public universities charge no PhD fees to any students (this is different to Masters degrees, which do charge fees to international students in some cases).

Be aware that doctoral students do have to pay a small administration fee of €100-350 per semester. You may also incur fees if your PhD lasts longer than three years.

Read our guide to PhD study in Germany for more information, or take a look at some current German PhD opportunities .

Czech Republic

The Czech Republic is home to some of Europe's most historic universities and its public institutions charge no fees to any PhD students. There is a catch though: you'll need to complete your PhD in Czech. English-language programmes are available, but will generally charge additional fees.

Read our guide to PhD study in the Czech Republic for more information, or take a look at some current Czech PhD opportunities .

Denmark is another European country that charges no PhD fees to EU, EEA and Swiss students at public universities. International students do pay relatively high fees, however.

Read our guide to PhD study in Denmark for more information, or take a look at some current Danish PhD opportunities .

Public universities in Finland charge no PhD fees to any students, regardless of nationality. This is different to Finnish Masters programmes which do charge fees to international students.

Read our guide to PhD study in Finland for more information, or take a look at some current Finnish PhD opportunities .

Norway is another Nordic country that doesn't charge fees to any students at its public universities (including those from outside the EU and EEA). However, you will have to pay a small semester fee whilst studying.

Read our guide to PhD study in Norway for more information, or take a look at some current Norwegian PhD opportunities .

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia takes a fairly unique approach to PhD funding. All students' fees are automatically covered by scholarships (which also help cover living costs). Basically, if you're accepted by a university, your PhD will be fully funded.

Read our guide to PhD study in Saudi Arabia for more information, or take a look at some current Saudia Arabian PhD opportunities .

A Nordic country that – you guessed it – doesn't charge PhD fees at public universities. Sweden also goes a little further and pays some PhD students a study grant to help cover living costs.

Read our guide to PhD study in Sweden for more information, or take a look at some current Swedish PhD opportunities .

Honourable mentions

There are also a few countries where PhD study isn't automatically 'free' but where the fees charged are very low, or some students may be exempt from paying them.

PhD study in Brazil is free for domestic students at public universities (as part of constitutional higher education policy), but many institutions also extend this offer to international postgraduates.

PhD study isn't free in France , but it is remarkably cheap. All students pay €380 per year at public universities. This is different to Masters degrees which charge a higher rate to international students.

Hungarian universities offer a limited number of state-funded PhD places to EU, EEA and Swiss students. If you're accepted on to one of these you'll pay no fees and also receive a maintenance grant.

The Netherlands

Students who are accepted for a PhD in the Netherlands are often classified as university employees during their doctorate. If this is this the case for you, you won't pay traditional PhD fees and may also receive a salary and / or other benefits.

New Zealand

Students do pay fees for PhD study in New Zealand . However, there isn't a higher rate for international students, which makes the country a relatively affordable option for study abroad (as well as a very attractive and exciting one!).

Remember. . .

As I said at the beginning of this post, there's more to a free PhD than low fees. With a few exceptions, most of the countries above will still expect students to support themselves and this often means finding additional PhD funding for accommodation and living costs.

Fee policies can also change year-on-year, so make sure you're signed up to our newsletter for the latest updates.

Ready to do a PhD?

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A checklist of the things you'll need to do when making an international PhD application, from meeting the entry requirements to sorting out your visa.

What documents you need for a complete study abroad application, what they are and what they should and should not include.

Our guide explains the best ways to fund international PhD study in the UK, with information on all the main scholarships available to you.

You may need to take a language test to apply for a PhD abroad as an international student. Our guides explain recognised tests in English, German, French and other languages.

Did you know that you can use the FindAPhD search to uncover PhD projects with funding for international students? Here's how.

This guide tells you all about everything you need to apply for a PhD programme in Germany.

Our PhD newsletter shares courses, funding news, stories and advice

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