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Hamlet - Act 3, scene 4
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Act 3, scene 4.
In Gertrude’s room, Polonius hides behind a tapestry. Hamlet’s entrance so alarms Gertrude that she cries out for help. Polonius echoes her cry, and Hamlet, thinking Polonius to be Claudius, stabs him to death. Hamlet then verbally attacks his mother for marrying Claudius. In the middle of Hamlet’s attack, the Ghost returns to remind Hamlet that his real purpose is to avenge his father’s death. Gertrude cannot see the Ghost and pities Hamlet’s apparent madness. After the Ghost exits, Hamlet urges Gertrude to abandon Claudius’s bed. He then tells her about Claudius’s plan to send him to England and reveals his suspicions that the journey is a plot against him, which he resolves to counter violently. He exits dragging out Polonius’s body.
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William Shakespeare
- Literature Notes
- Hamlet at a Glance
- Play Summary
- About Hamlet
- Character List
- Summary and Analysis
- Act I: Scene 1
- Act I: Scene 2
- Act I: Scene 3
- Act I: Scene 4
- Act I: Scene 5
- Act II: Scene 1
- Act II: Scene 2
- Act III: Scene 1
- Act III: Scene 2
- Act III: Scene 3
- Act III: Scene 4
- Act IV: Scene 1
- Act IV: Scene 2
- Act IV: Scene 3
- Act IV: Scene 4
- Act IV: Scene 5
- Act IV: Scene 6
- Act IV: Scene 7
- Act V: Scene 1
- Act V: Scene 2
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Summary and Analysis Act III: Scene 4
As promised, Polonius arrives in Gertrude 's room before Hamlet and hides himself behind an arras. He instructs Gertrude to be entirely blunt with her son. Hamlet enters challenging, "Now, Mother, what's the matter?" Gertrude tells him he has badly offended his father, meaning Claudius ; Hamlet answers that she has badly offended his father, meaning King Hamlet. Hamlet intimidates Gertrude, and she cries out that he is trying to murder her. Polonius reacts from behind the curtain and yells for help. Hamlet draws his sword and thrusts it through the tapestry, killing Polonius. When Hamlet lifts the wallhanging and discovers Polonius' body, he tells the body that he had believed he was stabbing the King. He then turns his attention to punishing Gertrude. He presses contrasting pictures of Claudius and his brother in Gertrude's face. He points out King Hamlet's godlike countenance and courage, likening Claudius to an infection in King Hamlet's ear. He accuses Gertrude of lustfulness, and she begs him to leave her alone.
King Hamlet's Ghost reappears to Hamlet, but only Hamlet can see him. Hamlet believes that the Ghost has come to chide his tardy son into carrying out the "dread command," but Hamlet then perceives the Ghost as his mother's protector. The Ghost tells his son to be kinder to her. Gertrude is utterly convinced now that her son is hallucinating from a devil-inspired madness, but Hamlet tells her that it is not madness that afflicts him. He begs her to confess her guilt to him and to heaven. At the very least, he begs her, don't sleep with Claudius or let him "go paddling in your neck with his damned fingers."
He asks if she knows that Claudius is sending him to England; she had forgotten. He tells her that he distrusts Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, and that they are undoubtedly taking him to England to do some foul bidding for Claudius. She confesses that she knows about the exile. He bids his mother good night and exits, pulling Polonius' body behind him.
Although a closet was a private room in a castle, and a bedroom was meant for receiving visitors, the convention since the late 19th century has been to stage the scene between Hamlet and Gertrude in Gertrude's bedroom. Staging the scene in the closet rather than in a bedroom is more in line with the Freudian psychoanalysis of an Oedipal Hamlet — a man resembling the Greek character Oedipus who bedded his mother and killed his father. If Gertrude received him in her closet, she treated him more as an intimate than as a son.
Up until this scene, one can dismiss the notion that Shakespeare envisioned a prince whose love for his mother was unnatural and itself incestuous. One can rationalize Hamlet's hysteria over Gertrude's marriage to Claudius in light of the Renaissance notion of family honor and the prevailing definitions of incest, which implicated Gertrude and Claudius. But in Act III, Scene 4, no better way exists for the modern thinker to justify Hamlet's behavior than to suppose that he has a Freudian attachment to Gertrude.
Though not the first to cast Hamlet in an Oedipal light, Laurence Olivier popularized the notion of an untoward love between Hamlet and his mother in the 1947 Royal Shakespeare Company production and again in the 1948 film version. In the film, Olivier, playing Hamlet opposite his wife in the role of Gertrude, staged the scene so that it was stripped of all its ambiguities. He dressed Gertrude's bed in satin, and he dressed the Queen, awaiting her son's arrival, in the same suggestively folded satin and silk. The two engage in a verbal exchange that possesses the breathless engagement of foreplay, and Hamlet then presses himself onto his mother in an overtly sexual way. The scene is believable played this way, especially given that Claudius will tell us shortly that Gertrude "lives almost by his looks," and because Hamlet's melodramatic reaction to his father's passing seems so wooden without that underpinning of deep emotion.
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Write a Critical Analysis on Hamlet Act 3 Scene 4
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Act 3 scene 4 – also known as the ‘closet’ scene – is a pivotal moment within play. It depicts Hamlet’s confrontation with his mother, Gertrude, over his recent decisions and behaviour, and dwells over the relationship between the two.
The scene begins with Polonius telling the Queen to be “straight” and direct with Hamlet about his ways and that he – Polonius – will be hiding in silence; which is ironic, as it is his inability to stay silent which leads to his death. Quite strange within this brief introduction into the scene is that Polonius finds it fit that he should have to tell the Queen what to say and do when talking to her own son – and it is these sorts of foolish interjections, into business which do not concern people of his nature, which render his death inevitable.
Following Hamlet’s entrance into the scene, Gertrude tries fruitlessly to exemplify her authority. She first tells Hamlet that he has “thy father much offended” which he immediately counters by saying that she has the Old Hamlet “much offended”. The sudden change of subject to the dead – the Old King Hamlet – sets the scene for the later comparison which apparently hurts Gertrude at the heart. The conversation progresses with Gertrude attempting yet again to show her status as his mother by reminding him, “Have you forgot me?” however, likewise to the earlier counter, Hamlet reminds her that she is her “husband’s brother’s wife”. Hamlet’s fixation upon the condition and actions of Gertrude rather than his own, exemplifies his resentment upon her – however, this may also be seen as Hamlet’s love and concern for his mother; this view is later enforced by his advice for Gertrude to keep her “virtue” or what’s left of it, by not retreating to Claudius’ bed.
The scene then takes a most shocking turn with Hamlet actually putting meaning behind his words and taking his thoughts past their boundaries into action. Gertrude, realising that she is no match for Hamlet in this argument, attempts to “set those” who has the power and authority to make him listen. Hamlet however takes her back by force and sets up a mirror to see the “inmost part of” her. This can obviously be mistaken as literally seeing the inside of her body, which Gertrude takes on and interprets as an attempt of murder – which leads to her screams for “help”. Polonius now foolishly, still from behind the arras, shouts for help – the fact that he does not come out himself shows his cowardice – and this is what leads to his murder.
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Hamlet’s sudden decision to kill the “rat” on the basis of sound conveys his irrational personality – at this point – and sets the basis for the reader to assume that on some level, he may be ill at the mind. However, from this brutal act I can only assume that he was incensed due to Gertrude’s stubborn actions. Aside from the act itself, Hamlet still refers the deed “almost as bad” as “kill a king and marry his brother”. This comment shows that Hamlet is still fixated upon the actions of Gertrude rather than on the sin at hand – moreover, when realising it is Polonius who is dead, he still calls him an “intruding fool” which shows his little, if not no remorse; which again suggests that he may have already become mad.
After this their conversation continues, Hamlet tells Gertrude that he hopes that her heart hasn't become so hardened that it's impenetrable, he believes that her vices, that to her have become so habitual, are to blame. Gertrude questions Hamlets reasons for talking to her “in noise so rude”, he tells her his reasons are that she has committed an act that heaven would be ashamed of. Hamlet personifies the act by remarking that it “blurs the grace and blush of modesty” and “calls virtue hyprocrite”. He then blasphemously comments on the act opposing “sweet religion” which is ironic as Hamlet has just committed the worst sin of all, murder. Gertrude however is still confused as to what this act is which “roars so loud and thunders in the index”.
To illustrate his point, Hamlet takes two miniatures – one of Old King Hamlet, and another of the now King Claudius. He then compliments his father as if he was a God with an “eye like Mars” and “Hyperion’s curls”. Every god seemed to “set his seal” and when people were depressed with mankind they would look to him and he would be able to make them feel better and more assured. He then compares this almost too perfect picture to Claudius, “this was your husband” “here is your husband” and he remarks him as “mildewed ear”. The comparison between the two brothers are of course biased towards King Hamlet – due to Hamlet’s favour – therefore, the it is only natural that it is over-exaggerated in order to lower the appearance of Claudius.
Hamlet then forcibly attacks Gertrude, stating that it is not love that she is feeling, “for at” her “age” the feeling for love and adventure has settled. Hamlet believes that all her senses have gone, but that even if she did have part of her senses then she wouldn't be so confused. He believes that if the devil can encourage the worser nature of the older generation to rebel against their better judgement, then they have no right telling the younger generation what to do. Hamlet explains that in circumstances like these virtue becomes a soft wax melting in the fire of youthful ardour and, that reason acts as a pander to lust. Hamlet uses imagery to explain to Gertrude that things are no longer in the order that they should be “frost itself as actively doth burn” nature has lost its natural order.
When Hamlet has finished telling Gertrude this, she tells him that she doesn’t want him to speak anymore, this is because she feels guilty she tells him that as she looks in on her soul she sees black spots that now cannot be removed, here we see a change in Gertrude, she seems to have realised what she has done and why Hamlet is upset. Hamlet asks her how she could live in such a greasy and foul bed that is full of sin, and he tells her once again that Claudius is not worth even half of what her old husband was worth. After Hamlet has finished speaking he spots the ghost of his father again. His persistence in humiliating and informing Gertrude of her flaw may not only stem from his anger, but also from his love for his mother – showing his moral and humane side which contradicts his assumed madness. Shortly after, the ghost of King Hamlet appears.
He begins to talk to it; Gertrude who doesn’t see the ghost believes that he is totally mad. Hamlet tells the ghost that he has allowed his emotions to cloud his judgment he believes that he has allowed time to slip by and his commitment to his task of revenge to cool. The ghost tells Hamlet that he has come back to sharpen his will and to remind him of what he has to do; not because he has forgotten but because he is misusing the energies which should be directed towards revenge. He then tells Hamlet that he should go to try and put Gertrudes' mind at rest. Gertrude, who still cannot see who Hamlet is talking to, asks him why he is talking to an empty space. She describes how mad he looks to her, he appears to be talking to nothing, his eyes are popping out of his head and his hair is on end; she’s worried about him and she wants him to calm down. She asks him whom he is talking to. Hamlet points to the ghost and describes to her that the look on the ghosts face could make even stones cry, he doesn’t want the ghost to look at him like that as he feels that it will weaken him, he believes that pity is not a state of mind that is likely to generate violent behaviour. As Gertrude is still wondering what is going on, the ghost leaves.
Gertrude believes that everything that Hamlet says he can see, he has created in his imagination; she believes that madness is very skillful in creating. Hamlet tells her that he is not mad, he knows what he is saying and he tells her that he wants her to stop reassuring herself that he is mad, as he believes that that will encourage this to continue. He wants Gertrude to repent for what she has done, here we see Hamlet acting like a moral judge, he sees himself as the only person upholding morality. He becomes sarcastic by asking Gertrude for forgiveness for being a good person; he’s mocking her. Gertrude becomes confused, her heart has been divided into two and she doesn't know in which direction to turn. Hamlet tells her that she should throw away the bad part of her heart and keep the good part of it; he wants her to pretend that she is virtuous even if she isn't. He tells her that when she's goes to sleep tonight she shouldn't go Claudius' bed, as this will make the next night away from him easier for her. He tells her that he will pray to be forgiven for what he has done and that at the same time he will also pray for her to be forgiven, he won't ask ask for her blessing (like a son normally should do) until she is repentant and seeks God's blessing. Hamlet tells us such has been the will of heaven that he should be punished by being the cause of Polonius's death, and that because of this Polonius will be punished in death. Hamlet tells Gertrude that he will be honest about the death of Polonius and he carries on to say that he sees the death of Polonius as the bad beginning of a vengeance that will yet be worse.
Getrude asks him what she must do now and Hamlet tells her that she must not let the King tempt her again, she must not tell him what has happened tonight. He tells her that he is not mad, but that he has created this madness "I essentially am not in madness, but mad in craft". Once again Hamlet turns sarcastic towards Gertrude and asks her what reason a good and honest Queen may have to keep a secret from a bad and dishonest King, he tells her that if she lets any of this out she will live to suffer and that should do this for her own good. Hamlet uses a fable to illustrate to Gertrude what will happen to her if she tells anyone; she will gain nothing by it and that if she imagines that she can act with the king as cleverly as he can, independently of him, then she will be like the ape trying to fly and so will come to grief. She swears to him that she will not tell a soul.
Hamlet has a plan to do with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, that instead of them trapping him, he will trap them. The scene finishes off by Hamlet telling Gertrude that he could never trust Polonius before, but now that he is dead he can. He says goodnight to Gertrude and then leaves tugging Polonius' body behind him. In this scene we can see Hamlets relationship with women and his mother in particular, even thought he talks to her he is still very suspicious of her and this gives him a bad impression of women in general, he feels as though he cannot trust them.
Hamlet’s behaviour and character is sending the reader a very confusing signal. The fact that he shows no remorse over the killing of Polonius illustrates his detachment with reality, but at the same time, he loves his mother enough to warn her not to fall deeper in sin. The fact that Gertrude could not see the ghost but he could suggests that it was merely an apparition which contributes to the idea of his insanity. Whether sane or insane, it is without doubt that Hamlet still remains a powerful character, and with his hands already stained with blood, it is assured that he will shed more.
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Act 3, Scene 3. Act 4, Scene 1. When Hamlet speaks to the ghost in front of Gertrude, his mother concludes that he has lost his mind after all. To be fair, he has been trying to convince everyone that he has gone mad, so it's not surprising that Gertrude comes to this conclusion. To make matters worse, it seems that Gertrude can't see the ...
Gertrude asks Hamlet if he plans to murder her, and calls for help. Polonius, hearing Gertrude's cries, also calls out. Hamlet, angered at being spied upon, draws his sword, sticks it through the tapestry, and kills Polonius, who slinks to the ground and calls out that he has been slain. Gertrude curses Hamlet for his "bloody deed," but ...
HAMLET. Such an act That blurs the grace and blush of modesty, Calls virtue hypocrite, takes off the rose 50 From the fair forehead of an innocent love And sets a blister there, makes marriage vows As false as dicers' oaths —oh, such a deed As from the body of contraction plucks The very soul, and sweet religion makes 55 A rhapsody of words.
Act III, Scene 4: As they wait for Hamlet to arrive, Polonius instructs Gertrude to sternly chastise Hamlet for his recent behavior. Gertrude agrees, and as Hamlet approaches, Polonius hides ...
Act III Scene 4 Analysis Study focus: Father, mother and son Fotofermer/Shutterstock.com. Many twentieth-century productions presented this encounter between Hamlet and his mother with Freudian overtones but it can be argued that Hamlet's passion is more that of the zealous preacher than a would-be Oedipus: the scene is another take on Claudius's desperate failure to repent (III.3).
Act 3, scene 4. ⌜ Scene 4 ⌝. Synopsis: In Gertrude's room, Polonius hides behind a tapestry. Hamlet's entrance so alarms Gertrude that she cries out for help. Polonius echoes her cry, and Hamlet, thinking Polonius to be Claudius, stabs him to death. Hamlet then verbally attacks his mother for marrying Claudius.
Act III Scene 4 Analysis A dramatic turning-point. ... In the twentieth century, prompted by Freudian readings of Hamlet, notably Ernst Jones's notorious essay 'Hamlet and Oedipus', there was a fashion for playing this episode as a bedroom scene, suggesting that Hamlet's feelings for his mother had sexual overtones.
Summary. Polonius urges Gertrude to lay home (line 1) to Hamlet and eavesdrops on their conversation. Gertrude attempts to reprimand Hamlet but he angrily admonishes her. Her fearful cry is taken up by Polonius; Hamlet kills him, believing he has killed the King. Discovering his error, he expresses contempt for Polonius and his interfering.
Hamlet Act 3 Scene 4 Analysis. Decent Essays. 798 Words. 4 Pages. Open Document. Hamlet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare. The synopsis of the play is prince Hamlet taking revenge on his mother, the queen, and on Claudius, his uncle who is now the king. Hamlet suspects Claudius of murdering his father, the old king.
Get free homework help on William Shakespeare's Hamlet: play summary, scene summary and analysis and original text, quotes, essays, character analysis, and filmography courtesy of CliffsNotes. William Shakespeare's Hamlet follows the young prince Hamlet home to Denmark to attend his father's funeral. Hamlet is shocked to find his mother already remarried to his Uncle Claudius, the dead king's ...
Act 3, Scene 1 Summary. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern share their observations of Hamlet with Claudius and Gertrude. They confirm that they have been unable to identify the cause of Hamlet's madness. Hamlet has cleverly used wordplay to avoid giving straightforward responses to their questions. They are, however, happy to report that a theater ...
♦ Act III, Scene 4 Summary and Analysis ♦ Act IV, Scene 1 Summary and Analysis ♦ Act IV, Scene 2 Summary and Analysis ... Essays ♦ Hamlet's Delay ♦ Exploring Hamlet's Hesitation ♦ Is Hamlet Sane? ... ♦ Staging for Shakespeare's Hamlet: Act II, Scene ii, Lines 85-221 ♦ The Nature of Hamlet's Character
Act 3 scene 4 - also known as the 'closet' scene - is a pivotal moment within play. It depicts Hamlet's confrontation with his mother, Gertrude, over his recent decisions and behaviour, and dwells over the relationship between the two. The scene begins with Polonius telling the Queen to be "straight" and direct with Hamlet about ...
Hamlet Act 3 Scene 4 Analysis. In the novel, Act Three, Scene Four, is the scene where Hamlet goes up into his mother's chamber because she has requested to see him. Polonius is up there also but when Hamlet comes he hides from him. Hamlet hears him and stabs into the arras Polonius has hidden behind, killing him.
-Act 3, Scene 4: "Such an act that blurs the grace and blush of modesty, calls virtue hypocrite, takes off the rose from the fair forehead of an innocent love and sets blister there, makes marriage vows as false as dicers' oaths. ... Essay about A Character Analysis of Hamlet. In Hamlet's second soliloquy, Act 2, Scene 2, his speech moves ...
Hamlet enters and sees Claudius praying. He is grateful to at last be alone with the man, believing now is the chance to kill him and take his revenge. Hamlet, however, finds himself in a conundrum—if he kills Claudius while the king is praying, Claudius's soul will go to heaven. To send Claudius to heaven would be the opposite of the ...
Analysis of Acts 2-3 in Shakespeare's Hamlet. 1) Shakespeare uses Polonius' character to make satirical observations about the corruption in King James' court. Through Polonius' character he also illuminates the universal theme of deceit. Find five quotes from acts 2 and 3 that support these observations about Polonius.….
Hamlet bids Claudius farewell, calling him "dear mother.". When Claudius tells Hamlet that he is his father, Hamlet insists that in marrying his mother, Claudius joined his flesh with hers. Hamlet hurries away, and Claudius bids his attendants to follow Hamlet and make sure he gets on the ship—he wants Hamlet gone tonight.
Hamlet Act 3 Scene 4. Decent Essays. 613 Words. 3 Pages. Open Document. Re-creating Hamlet in comic form was an interesting way to study the play as well as get more of an understanding. For my comic, I chose to do act III scene 4 where Hamlet kills Polonius. Incorporating different conventions of graphic novels, as well as including original ...
Hamlet Act 4 Scene 4 Analysis. In Shakespeare's play, Hamlet, Prince Hamlet's speech or soliloquy from Act 4, Scene 4 effectively targets both the plays audience and other characters in the play. In Hamlets speech, he is reflecting on how he is meaninglessly prolonging Claudius's death, even though he could have killed him at anytime and ...