gender reassignment surgery uk price

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Gender Affirmation Surgery

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Gender affirmation surgery  helps people change their bodies with plastic surgery to match their true identity. Centre for Surgery is considered one of the leading gender surgery clinics in the UK, specialising in gender-affirming surgery. Our specialist plastic surgeons have years of experience in gender surgery and MTF & FTM Top surgery to help you achieve optimal results.

RELATED:  Evolution of Transgender Healthcare in the UK

How  Gender Affirmation Surgery  Works

Gender affirmation surgery is an umbrella term that encompasses a broad range of procedures designed to help individuals transition from their assigned sex at birth to the gender with which they identify. At Centre for Surgery, we offer various procedures, ensuring our patients receive comprehensive, personalised, and compassionate care.

Top surgery, which can involve either breast augmentation or mastectomy, is a critical step for many in their transition journey. For trans women, breast augmentation adds volume and shape, facilitating a more feminine appearance. Conversely, for trans men, mastectomy involves the removal of breast tissue, thereby masculinising the chest area. These procedures are designed with the utmost care to ensure patients feel comfortable in their bodies and achieve a result that reflects their gender identity.

Body contouring surgery is another procedure we offer, focusing on creating a physique that aligns with one’s gender identity. This could involve liposuction , fat grafting, or body implants, and these procedures vary widely based on the individual’s needs. For instance, trans women might undergo liposuction or fat grafting to redistribute body fat to more traditionally feminine areas such as the hips and buttocks. On the other hand, trans men might seek procedures that add more definition to the waist or create a more V-shaped torso.

The benefits of these procedures extend far beyond physical transformation. Research shows a direct correlation between gender affirmation surgery and positive impacts on mental health. Individuals who have undergone these procedures often report a decrease in feelings of gender dysphoria, depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. In fact, many patients also experience an improvement in self-esteem, social functioning, and overall quality of life.

Despite these clear benefits, the decision to undergo gender affirmation surgery is a significant one and should not be taken lightly. Our dedicated team of experts at Centre for Surgery is committed to providing each patient with the support, guidance, and care they need throughout their transition. Our main goal is not just to offer surgical solutions but to ensure each patient feels affirmed, respected, and understood on their unique journey.

Gender affirmation surgery can be life-changing in the most profound way, marking a critical milestone in one’s journey towards self-acceptance and authenticity. At Centre for Surgery, we take great pride in helping our patients take this vital step, promoting a future of health, happiness, and congruence between one’s body and identity.

What is Top surgery?

Top surgery is a term used to refer to a variety of surgical procedures that can be performed on the chest area, typically for transgender and non-binary individuals. The most common type of top surgery is a bilateral mastectomy , which is the surgical removal of both breasts. This procedure is also known as “top surgery” and is performed to remove breast tissue and create a more masculine-appearing chest.

Other types of top surgeries include keyhole top surgery , peri-areolar incision, and double incision. The type of surgery that is appropriate for an individual will depend on their individual goals, anatomy, and physical characteristics.

RELATED:  FTM Top Surgery FAQs

Top surgery is a significant decision and should be made after careful consideration, research and discussions with a qualified and experienced surgeon, as well as with your mental healthcare provider. It is also important to be aware that top surgery is not reversible, and it’s important to have realistic expectations about the results.

Additionally, top surgery is not always covered by insurance, and patients may need to pay for the surgery out of pocket. Each insurance company has its own policies regarding coverage for gender-affirming surgery, and it’s important to check with your insurance provider to find out what your options are.

RELATED: How Much Does FTM Top Surgery Cost in the UK?

MTF Top Surgery and FTM Top Surgery

There are two main types of top surgery. MTF/N Top surgery and FTM/N Top surgery . MTF top surgery involves placing breast implants beneath the pectoralis muscle to feminise the chest and breasts. Female to male (FTM) Top surgery involves surgically removing glandular tissue and skin to masculinise the chest. Top surgery is most commonly performed after a program of hormone therapy. Other surgical procedures can then be performed to improve body contour.

Benefits of gender affirmation surgery

Gender affirmation Surgery, also known as gender confirmation surgery, can bring several benefits for patients, including:

• Effective treatment of gender dysphoria
• Improvement in the mental state with a reduction in anxiety and depression symptoms
• A boost in self-confidence with improved emotional well-being.

RELATED: Transgender Surgery FAQs – What to Consider Before Getting Top Surgery

Am I suitable for gender affirming surgery?

People who would like to undergo surgery to enhance their gender identity may be suitable candidates for gender confirmation surgery. All types of gender surgery are surgically invasive procedures which require a period of recovery. Your surgeon will assess you thoroughly to ensure you are in the best possible state of health before having surgery. There are several criteria which your surgeon will take into account when determining your suitability for gender affirmation surgery:

• Mentally and physically healthy with no chronic medical conditions
• Are over the age of 18 and have the capacity to consent to surgery
• Do not have a serious allergy to the prosthetic materials used in gender surgery
• Are non-smokers or are willing to stop smoking at least six weeks before surgery
• Have undertaken a 10 to 12-month course of hormone therapy prior to surgery.
• Have a confirmed diagnosis of gender dysphoria or are suffering from gender identity disorder.
• Have a healthy body mass index (BMI) below 30 to minimise the risk of complications during and after surgery.
• Have undergone a detailed psychological assessment.

You will receive detailed preoperative information on how to prepare for gender surgery and top surgery. You should stop any medicines containing aspirin as this can increase the risk of bleeding during and after surgery. You may also be asked to stop other medications, including herbal supplements, before the procedure.

How to Prepare for Gender Affirmation Surgery

Preparing for gender affirmation surgery is a complex process, requiring a holistic approach to ensure optimal physical and mental health before, during, and after the procedure. At the Centre for Surgery, our dedicated team will guide you through this process, providing expert advice and support every step of the way.

Physical Preparation

Optimising your physical health prior to surgery is crucial. Adopting a balanced, nutritious diet and engaging in regular exercise can significantly improve your body’s healing capabilities. Refraining from smoking at least one month before surgery is paramount as nicotine can hinder blood flow, delaying recovery. Limiting alcohol and caffeine consumption can also promote better healing. Certain medications, particularly those affecting clotting, might need to be discontinued before the procedure. We will provide a comprehensive list of these and will review your current medications during our consultations.

Mental Preparation

Preparing emotionally for gender affirmation surgery is equally essential. It’s entirely normal to experience anxiety or stress leading up to your surgery. Booking appointments with your therapist or mental health professional or simply discussing your feelings with supportive friends or family can help manage these emotions. Don’t hesitate to reach out to your surgical team with any questions or concerns you might have. We’re here to provide reassurance and guidance to ease any worries you may have about the procedure.

Work Considerations

Recovery times for gender affirmation surgeries can vary, and it’s important to plan accordingly. Depending on the nature of your job, you may need to take an extended leave. Desk-based jobs can often be resumed about one week post-surgery, but physically demanding roles might require a longer recovery period.

Setting up Your Recovery Space

Planning your post-operative environment is crucial for a comfortable recovery. Prescriptions for any required medication should be filled in advance, ensuring you have what you need immediately after surgery. Positioning essential items like toiletries, medications, and frequently used items at a lower level can help reduce the need for straining movements during recovery. Also, consider pre-preparing meals or arranging help for the first few days post-surgery when movement may be more difficult.

Preparing for gender affirmation surgery can feel overwhelming, but remember, you’re not alone in this journey. At Centre for Surgery, our experienced team is with you every step of the way, ensuring that your transition process is as smooth and stress-free as possible. Your comfort, health, and well-being are our top priorities.

What does Gender Affirmation Surgery involve?

Gender affirmation surgery encompasses several different types of surgical procedures. Top surgery involves changing the appearance of the chest with breast implants as part of an MTF procedure or with surgical excision as part of FTM surgery. Your surgeon will discuss the precise surgical steps during your consultation. Gender surgery is routinely performed under general anaesthesia, which means you will be asleep throughout the procedure. You will need to be in a good state of health before undergoing general anaesthesia. You will have a pre-operative medical assessment with a member of our nursing team to assess your blood pressure and rule out other serious medical conditions. Top surgery takes 2 to 3 hours to perform, depending on the extent of surgical correction required. Once the procedure is complete, you will recover in our dedicated recovery area until you are fit for discharge later the same day. You will need a responsible adult escort to take you home and look after you for the first few days after surgery.

Recovery after Gender Affirmation Surgery

Recovery after top surgery involves taking it easy for the first few days to allow your upper body to heal properly. You should avoid excessive movement of your arms and shoulders to minimise stress on the incision lines. You will need someone to drive you home after surgery, and it is sensible to prepare a dedicated area of your home for rest and recovery. It is normal to experience mild discomfort during the first two weeks after surgery. You should take the prescription painkillers as directed by your surgeon.

• Recovery after MTF Top Surgery – What to Expect
• Recovery after FTM Top Surgery – Top Tips after Breast Removal Surgery

Most types of gender affirmation surgery are surgically invasive procedures which can take several hours to perform. This is why we would recommend taking at least two weeks off work for early recovery. The first few days after surgery will involve feeling sore, and it is important to keep mobile around the home to minimise the risk of blood clots. You should take the antibiotic and painkiller medication as directed by the surgeon. You may also be given a compression garment to wear continuously after surgery. They should be worn for at least six weeks. You should avoid getting your dressings wet to minimise the risk of infection. Sudden movements should be avoided to minimise wound breakdown. Lifting heavy objects should be avoided for a minimum of two months.

Exercise, including going to the gym, should be avoided for at least eight weeks. Always listen to your body and try to avoid doing too much too soon. If you have a sedentary occupation, you may return to work after two weeks if this is desk-based. More demanding physical occupations should lead you to take at least four weeks off work.

Results of gender surgery take time to develop as there will be considerable bruising and swelling after surgery. Ice packs can be used for the first three days to control localised bruising and swelling. Once the swelling begins to disappear after approximately three weeks, you should begin to see the initial results of surgery. It can take three to six months for all swelling to disappear, and you will be able to appreciate the surgery results by this time.

How much does gender surgery cost in London?

The cost of gender affirmation surgery in London will be determined by the type and extent of surgery undertaken. Once you have an in-person consultation, you will be seen by your dedicated patient coordinator, who will give you a detailed quotation which includes the total costs of surgery.

RELATED: How Much Does MTF & FTM Top Surgery Cost In London?

Top surgery costs include surgical fees, anaesthetic fees, and facility fees. Preoperative and post-operative care are included in the total cost of Surgery. Call us today to get an approximate price estimate on 020 7993 4849 and speak to one of our friendly and knowledgeable patient coordinators.

Gender Affirmation Surgery FAQS

What is gender dysphoria?

Gender dysphoria is a condition in which an individual experiences significant distress or discomfort as a result of the sex and/or gender they were assigned at birth. This discomfort with one’s own body can manifest in a variety of ways. It may include a desire to be treated as the opposite gender, a desire to be rid of one’s primary or secondary sex characteristics, or a general sense of unease or dissatisfaction with one’s sex or gender.

Individuals with gender dysphoria may feel that they are trapped in a body that does not match their gender identity and may experience a range of negative emotions such as anxiety, depression, and/or shame. They may also experience social isolation, discrimination, and a lack of acceptance from others.

Treatment for gender dysphoria can include counselling and therapy, hormone therapy, and/or surgery. It’s important to note that not all individuals with gender dysphoria choose to undergo medical intervention, and some may find relief through other means, such as social transition or support groups.

How is gender affirmation surgery different from sex reassignment surgery (SRS)?

Language and terminology around transgender healthcare have evolved significantly over the years. Today, many people prefer the term “gender affirmation surgery” over “sex reassignment surgery” (SRS). The rationale behind this shift in terminology is tied to a broader recognition of individuals’ lived experiences and identities.

The term “sex reassignment surgery” comes from a medical model that assumes a person is born with a sex that is then reassigned through surgical intervention. It posits that the individual is changing their sex and, by extension, their gender. This viewpoint, however, fails to recognise that many transgender and non-binary individuals identify with a specific gender long before any surgical intervention takes place. Therefore, the suggestion of ‘reassignment’ may seem reductive or invalidating to some individuals.

On the other hand, “gender affirmation surgery” reflects a more contemporary understanding of gender as an innate aspect of one’s identity that can be distinct from biological or assigned sex. This term signifies that the surgical procedures involved are not about ‘reassigning’ or ‘changing’ one’s sex or gender, but rather about affirming and recognising an individual’s self-identified gender.

Despite the differences in their connotations, both terms refer to the same group of surgical procedures. These include top surgeries (like mastectomy or breast augmentation), bottom surgeries (like vaginoplasty, phalloplasty, or metoidioplasty), and other procedures that aid in aligning an individual’s physical characteristics with their gender identity. The choice of terminology is mainly about respect, acknowledgement, and affirming the identities of those undergoing these procedures.

What is the minimum age to qualify for gender confirmation surgery?

You need to be a minimum of 18 years of age to have gender surgery.

Will I need to stop smoking before gender surgery?

Yes, you will need to stop smoking at least six weeks before surgery to minimise the risk of wound healing complications.

Is gender reassignment painful?

Gender surgery is performed under a general anaesthetic, which means you’ll be comfortable throughout the procedure. You will be prescribed prescription painkillers to minimise any pain and discomfort after surgery.

What are the potential risks and complications of gender confirmation surgery?

All types of surgery involve risks, and gender surgery is no different. Your surgeon will discuss the potential risks and complications of gender surgery at your in-person consultation.

Will I get scars after Top surgery?

All surgical procedures involving an incision will result in a scar. Our plastic surgeons are highly experienced in positioning scars to minimise their appearance.

Can I still have children after gender affirmation surgery?

Assigned females at birth (AFAB) individuals who undergo top surgery and body contouring, but do not have bottom surgery or hysterectomy (removal of the uterus and ovaries), can still potentially become pregnant. They retain their reproductive organs, and therefore, their capacity to bear children remains intact, assuming no other fertility issues are present.

However, it is important to consider that the hormones used for gender transition might have an effect on fertility. Androgen therapy, often used for female-to-male transitions, can interrupt menstrual cycles and potentially impact fertility. Before starting any hormone therapy, it’s crucial to have a discussion with your healthcare provider about family planning and fertility preservation options.

For assigned males at birth (AMAB) who transition to female and wish to have biological children, considerations are different. Before hormone therapy or bottom surgery (which typically includes removal of the testes), sperm banking or cryopreservation is a common approach for preserving future fertility options.

We can guide you on your options and help you make an informed decision that aligns with your family planning goals and transition journey. Fertility preservation, surrogacy, and adoption are all potential paths to parenthood. The decision is personal, and our team can provide guidance and support to make the choice that is best for you.

What kind of care can I expect as a transgender indivdual?

At Centre for Surgery, we are committed to providing inclusive, compassionate, and comprehensive care for all our patients, including those from the transgender and non-binary communities. Our approach is grounded in respecting and acknowledging your personal experiences, gender identity, and unique medical needs.

First and foremost, we prioritise creating a safe and welcoming environment. You can expect to be treated with dignity, empathy, and respect at all times, and we’ll use your affirmed name and pronouns in all our interactions. All staff, from reception to surgical teams, are trained in cultural competency and sensitive to the specific needs of transgender individuals.

In terms of medical care, we offer a range of services tailored to the needs of transgender and non-binary individuals, from hormonal management to gender affirmation surgeries such as top surgery and body contouring procedures. Our team of experienced surgeons and practitioners are well-versed in these procedures and follows the latest research and best practices to provide the highest standard of care.

We understand that mental health support is a critical part of transgender healthcare, so we ensure that you have access to appropriate resources, including counselling or therapy, to support you during your transition journey. We’re also prepared to coordinate with other healthcare providers, such as your hormone specialist or mental health professional, to provide a comprehensive care plan.

Education and communication are key aspects of our approach. We will provide thorough explanations about any proposed treatments, ensuring you’re well-informed about all aspects of your care. We encourage open dialogue, inviting all your questions and concerns, to help you make the best decisions for your health and wellbeing.

At Centre for Surgery, our commitment to your care extends beyond your medical treatment. We strive to support you holistically throughout your journey, acknowledging your individual experiences and unique transition path. Your comfort, confidence, and health are our ultimate priority.

Is gender affirmation surgery worth it?

Deciding whether or not to undergo gender affirmation surgery, also known as gender confirmation surgery, is a highly personal decision that can be based on a variety of factors.

For some individuals with gender dysphoria, surgery can be an important step in their journey towards aligning their physical body with their gender identity, and can provide significant relief from the distress and discomfort associated with gender dysphoria.

Surgery can also improve an individual’s quality of life, and allow them to live in a way that feels authentic to them. It’s also important to remember that physical transition may be necessary for some individuals to feel comfortable in their bodies and be able to express their gender identity.

Centre for Surgery: Premier Destination for Gender Affirmation Surgery in London

Centre for Surgery distinguishes itself as a specialist plastic surgery clinic with a core focus on providing high-quality gender affirmation surgeries. We’re conveniently located in London and house some of the industry’s most skilled and experienced plastic surgeons. Our dedicated team of professionals specialise in both Male to Female (MTF) and Female to Male (FTM) Top Surgery, delivering excellent care to those seeking to align their physical appearance with their gender identity.

Our surgeons possess a deep understanding of the unique nuances of transgender health care. Leveraging their extensive experience, they provide a comprehensive range of gender affirmation procedures, delivering results that prioritise natural appearance, functionality, and overall well-being of our patients.

In our state-of-the-art facilities, we employ the latest medical technologies and adhere to the highest surgical standards, offering a high level of precision and safety in all our procedures. Our priority is ensuring you receive the best care throughout your journey – from your first consultation, through to surgery and beyond, into post-operative care and recovery.

At Centre for Surgery, we understand that seeking gender affirmation surgery is a significant step in one’s journey of transition. Therefore, we are dedicated to creating a supportive, respectful, and empathetic environment. We’re here to help you navigate your path, providing guidance, assurance, and quality medical care every step of the way.

Embark on your transition journey with us – a trusted partner committed to your well-being and success.

Start your journey with us today

If you have a question about a treatment, or you would like to find out more about how we can help you, call us on 0207 993 4849 or fill in the form below and one of our patient care coordinators will contact you to book a consultation with a specialist practitioner

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Dai Davies has over 20 years’ experience of Transgender Surgery and an International reputation for his surgical expertise. His staff provide an understanding and caring environment and work with both private patients and NHS referrals from all over the country. Together with Miles Berry  a major paper  was published in JPRAS  (Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery) . This reported the scientific analysis of 100 cases of Female to Male Transgender Chest Reconstruction and is currently the world’s largest series.

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As the largest private Transgender clinic in the United Kingdom it provides comprehensive healthcare tailored to the individual to act as both supporters and facilitators of well-informed solutions involving gender reassignment.

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Cadogan Clinic is a leading specialist cosmetic surgery clinic based in the heart of London. We’re home to the leading specialists in Breast Augmentation, Liposuction, and a comprehensive range of face, breast and body treatments.

Breast Surgery

Cadogan Clinic offers a full range of cosmetic breast surgery to help make the changes you want to your breasts under the guidance of the best surgeons in the UK.

• Breast Enlargement
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Body Surgery

Cadogan Clinic offers a range of cosmetic surgery to help make the changes you want to your body under the guidance of the very best surgeons in the UK.

• Brazilian Butt Lift (BBL)
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• Cellulite Treatment
• Extended Tummy Tuck
• Hernia Surgery
• 360 Liposuction
• Scar Revision
• Umbilicoplasty

Cosmetic Gynaecology

Cadogan Clinic provides a wide range of cosmetic gynaecological surgery procedures performed by a multi-disciplinary team of the best surgeons in the UK.

• Labiaplasty
• Gynaecological Fat Transfer
• Vaginal Rejuvenation
• Vaginal Tightening

Facial Surgery

Cadogan Clinic offers a wide range of facial cosmetic surgery procedures to help you make the changes you want, under the guidance of the very best surgeons.

• Rhinoplasty
• Mini Facelift
• Eyelid Surgery
• Chin Liposuction
• Alar Base Reduction
• Chin Augmentation
• Buccal Fat Removal
• Deep Plane Facelift
• Earlobe Repair
• Forehead Reduction
• Micro Facelift
• Nose Tip Rhinoplasty
• Septoplasty
• Septorhinoplasty

Fat Transfer

Fat transfer, also referred to as fat grafting and lipofilling, has become widely accepted as the optimal means of soft-tissue filling in all areas of the body, including the face, breasts, hands and buttocks

• Fat Transfer to Face
• Fat Transfer to Body
• Fat Transfer to Breasts

Cadogan Clinic provides both female and male cosmetic surgery. Almost all of our procedures are suitable for men as well as women.

• Blepharoplasty for Men
• BBL for Men
• Face Lift for Men
• Hair Transplant
• Male Breast Reduction
• Otoplasty for Men
• Penis Enlargement
• Rhinoplasty for Men
• Liposuction for Men
• Abdominoplasty for Men

Gender Surgery

Gender dysphoria is a term used to describe how an individual feels a strong sense of disassociation between their gender identity and biological sex.

Facial Feminisation Surgery

• FTM Top Surgery

MTF Top Surgery

Non-Binary Surgery

Below you will find some key information to help you prepare for surgery and make necessary arrangements to ensure you have the support you need and that everything runs smoothly on the day.

• Scar Management
• Your Journey With Us
• Dermatology

Cadogan Clinic is a leading dermatology clinic based in the heart of London. We’re home to some of the leading acne, eczema and rosacea specialists, and are experts in the mole and skin cancer diagnosis and removal process.

General Dermatology

Skin is incredibly important to your health and your appearance. The Cadogan Clinic has one of the largest and experienced teams of consultant dermatologists.

• Acne Treatments
• Hair Loss Treatment
• Milia Removal
• Paediatric Dermatology
• Bacterial Skin Infections
• Excess Hair Growth
• Hyperhidrosis (Excessive Sweating)
• Pigmentation
• Skin Allergies
• Skin Health MOT
• Vaginal Dermatology
• Verruca Removal
• Viral Skin Infections

Mole & Skin Cancer

We are all becoming increasingly aware of the risks posed by sun damage to the skin, as well as the need to protect our skin in day-to-day life.

• Mole Removal
• Cryotherapy
• Mohs Surgery
• Cyst Removal
• Skin Cancers and Melanomas
• Skin Lumps (Warts, Moles, Skin Tags)
• Lipoma Removal

Skin Rejuvenation

At the Cadogan Clinic, we offer a comprehensive range of non-surgical cosmetic treatments, to refresh and rejuvenate your appearance.

• Microneedling Dermapen
• Varicose Veins
• Scar Treatment
• Non-Surgical Eyelid Reduction

Injectables

Cadogan Clinic is a leading non-surgical cosmetic clinic based in the heart of London. We’re home to some of the leading injectables and dermal filler specialists, and are experts in the anti-ageing process.

There are many factors which contribute to ageing skin and when deciding on a treatment solution, these are important to consider.

• Anti-Wrinkle Injections
• Cheek Fillers
• Dermal Fillers
• Lip Fillers
• Non-Surgical Rhinoplasty
• Tear Trough Filler
• 8 Point Facelift
• Dissolving Filler
• Hand Rejuvenation
• Jawline Filler
• Non-Surgical Facelift
• Temple Filler
• Cheek Concerns
• Eye Concerns
• Filler Complications
• Forehead Concerns
• Lower Face Concerns
• Nose and Mouth Concerns
• Skin Concerns

All Services

Cadogan Clinic is a leading day case centre of excellence based in the heart of London. Alongside our international team of plastic surgeons and dermatologists, we’re home to some of the leading gynaecologists, ophthalmologists, podiatrists and urologists in the country.

We are experts in a wide range of Andrology treatments, in both elective and medical conditions.

• Adult Circumcision
• Erectile Dysfunction
• Frenuloplasty
• Male Fertility
• Penile Implants
• Peyronie's Disease
• Premature Ejaculation

Gynaecology

• Coil Insertion / Removal
• Hysterectomy
• Hysteroscopy
• Myomectomy (Fibroid Removal)
• Ovarian Cystectomy
• Perineum and Pelvic Floor Repair
• Prolapse Surgery
• Polyp Removal

Hand Surgery

We are experts in a wide range of hand problems, in both elective and traumatic conditions.

• Carpal Tunnel Treatment
• Dupuytren's Contracture Surgery
• Hydrocortisone Injections
• Ganglion Hand Cysts
• Trigger Finger Surgery
• Non Surgical

Cosmetic foot surgery can help by firstly eliminating the sources of chronic pain or deformity and secondly, reshaping the feet for aesthetic appeal, often resulting in smaller, slimmer feet with a reduced shoe size.

• Bunion Removal
• Cinderella Foot Surgery
• Corn Removal
• Toe Shortening & Straightening

We were founded in 2004 by world renowned plastic surgeon Mr Bryan Mayou, best known for his pioneering work in the area of liposuction, lasers and microvascular surgery. We continue to collaborate with pioneers in our field.

Face & Eyes

Surgery For Men

All Departments

Podiatry (Foot Surgery)

at Cadogan Clinic, London’s Leading Cosmetic Surgery Specialists. 

We have invited only the very best consultants to practice at our specialist clinic.

Our state-of the-art award winning facilities are located right in the heart of London.

Best Clinic London 2024

We were awarded Best Clinic London at the industry-leading 2024 Aesthetics Awards.

CQC ‘Outstanding’

Our Leadership is rated ‘Outstanding’ by the independent healthcare regulator in England.

20 Years of Safety

We’ve enjoyed a spotless safety track record over 20 years at the top of our field.

96% Excellence Rating

We support 30,000 patient appointments each year, 96% of which were rated 5*.

Medically Reviewed 19 February 2024, by Mr. Bryan Mayou (GMC: 1414396) - founder of the Cadogan Clinic and one of the world's leading plastic surgeons

What is FTM Top Surgery?

FTM top surgery (or female to male top surgery) is a surgical procedure, carried out for transgender men to create a flatter, more masculine-looking chest. Many patients find this gender-affirming procedure extremely liberating.

This involves removing the breasts in a procedure known as a mastectomy and any excess skin and fat around the breast area before repositioning the nipples and areolas. There are a number of different surgical methods your surgeon may choose from depending on the size of the breasts and the elasticity of the skin. As leading top surgery UK surgical providers, we understand the trust that is placed in our care for these life-changing procedures. Every patient enquiry is treated with the respect you deserve.

London FTM top surgery is a permanent alternative to chest binding, which can cause problems such as skin irritation and breathing difficulties when carried out long term. 

FTM Top Surgery At a glance

Surgery Time

Time off work

Hospital Stay

Reasonable Mobility

Bras & Garments

Full Recovery

Why do people have FTM top surgery?

Female to male top surgery is used to create a natural-looking male chest. Top surgery helps to address gender dysphoria, a condition that causes great distress and stems from a feeling of disconnect between a person’s biological sex and gender identity. 

Gender reassignment helps to treat gender dysphoria as well as alleviating other mental health conditions that are associated with this diagnosis, such as depression and anxiety. FTM top surgery will help to increase your confidence and self-esteem and have a positive impact on your quality of life. The aim of this and any gender affirming surgery is to help you feel at ease with your identity and to allow you to present in the way you feel comfortable.

Who is suitable?

Our specialist gender reassignment surgeons will meet you for a one to one consultation to assess your suitability for surgery. Your surgeon will examine your chest in order to decide which the best method of London top surgery would be for you.

They will discuss your expectations of surgery and ensure you understand the individual results that are possible from your procedure. They will also assess your general physical and mental health to make sure you are suitable for a general anaesthetic procedure, this may include your weight, and any medical and mental conditions you have. You must be over 18 to have this procedure, and your surgeon may request referrals from other gender reassignment specialists you are already working with to be able to go ahead with your surgery. Your patient advisor will be able to help you with getting these referrals if you don’t already have them.

Words from our clients:

"I was extremely satisfied with the care and treatment I received at the Cadogan Clinic. My surgeon was friendly and informative and explained the procedure fully. My procedure went very well and with the excellent care of the nursing staff, I made a speedy and full recovery. Would recommend to anyone." Eva Berry "At the beginning before the operation the nurse taking care of me made me feel so comfortable. The surgeon and anesthetist helped me feel so calm. Fantastic before and after treatment" Scarlett Elliott "The girls on the reception at the clinic were very pleasant and professional. The nurse who took out my stitches after my surgery was just lovely and took me through step by step what she was doing and she also recommended a great cream to use to help with healing." Georgina Nolan “I was treated with care and provided with thorough knowledge about the procedure I was undertaking. My surgeon was very methodical (a perfectionist) and I felt I received A class treatment." Courtney O'Sullivan "Outstanding experience from the first appointment to being discharged. Very professional, friendly and a fantastic outcome." Gemma Stevenson "Reception staff very welcoming and efficient. Both nurses who I dealt with were fantastic, and the whole team (anaesthetist, surgeon etc) were friendly but professional, and really put my mind at ease. That I was able to stay later than I perhaps needed after my surgery to fit in with my husbands schedule was greatly appreciated." Emma Davies Trustpilot The cost of FTM Top Surgery UK Enquire for our competitive FTM top surgery UK prices with Cadogan Clinic in Chelsea, London. Get in touch 0207 901 8500 Included in this treatment Up to two 60 minute consultations with a leading specialist plastic surgeon at our award-winning premises in Chelsea Your procedure carried out at London’s leading specialist cosmetic surgery centre of excellence 24/7 on call nurse assistance Dedicated Patient Co-ordinator, as a personal point of contact through your journey with Cadogan A pre-operative medical assessment to ensure you are fit for surgery Comprehensive post-operative aftercare courtesy of our specialist cosmetic nurses The main types of female to male top surgery Female to Male Top Surgery in London is a surgical procedure that is performed under general anaesthetic which takes 3-4 hours to complete. The exact time of your procedure will depend on the amount of breast tissue which needs to be removed and the method of surgery your surgeon recommends for your procedure. It is not dissimilar to a mastectomy. There are 3 main 'types' of tops surgery: the double incision, the periareolar, and the keyhole. Double incision top surgery This is the most common method used in FTM top surgery. Your surgeon will remove your areolas and nipples and make them smaller. They will then make long incisions to remove the breast tissue, known as a mastectomy before using liposuction to remove any excess fat. Finally, any excess skin is removed so the incision can be closed leaving a flat chest. Your surgeon will use special sutures to create a flat line and prevent any puckering around the incision sites. Periareolar top surgery Periareolar Top Surgery is suited to patients with smaller chests, and is also known as a Donut Procedure. Two circular incisions are made, one inside the other, around the border of the areola. The breast tissue is then removed and liposuction is used to remove any excess fat. The edges of the larger incision are then pulled together, resizing the areola. Keyhole top surgery This particular method of FTM top surgery is only suited for patients with very small chests and tight skin. A small incision is made along the bottom half of the areola, leaving it partially attached to the body. Similar to periareolar top surgery, the breast tissue is removed and liposuction carried out to remove any excess fat, if required. The nipples will be resized and the incision closed. FTM Top Surgery Surgeons We have invited a selection of the country's very best consultants to join us at the Cadogan Clinic so that you can be sure that whatever the nature of your treatment, you will be seeing one of the top practitioners in the country. Our Surgeons Mohsen El Gammal Plastic Surgeon What to expect Below you will find some key information to help you prepare for surgery and make necessary arrangements to ensure you have the support you need and that everything runs smoothly on the day. Find Out More 01. The Consultation You will meet your specialist gender reassignment surgeon for up to two consultations at our award-winning Chelsea based clinic to discuss FTM Top Surgery and your hopes for surgery. Your surgeon will discuss your medical history and the steps you have taken in your transition so far. They may ask to review 1-2 referral letters from other gender specialists you have previously worked with. This is to ensure that you are at the right point in your transition to undergo top surgery. We recommend writing any questions you have for your surgeon down, while you are preparing for your consultation. This will allow you to get the most out of your consultation and allow you to walk away feeling confident and fully prepared. Your surgeon will also carry out a general health and wellness check, take your measurements and take photos for your medical records. This will help them to put together your surgical plan in as much detail as possible. Following your consultation, your surgeon will send your completed surgical plan to your patient advisor. Your advisor will explain the plan and the procedure your surgeon has suggested for you, as well the pricing and your surgeon’s available dates for surgery. You will then have a compulsory two week cooling off period to consider the options that have been given to you and whether you would like to go ahead with surgery. 02. Leading up to Procedure  If you decide to proceed with FTM Top Surgery, there are certain steps your surgeon will ask you to follow in preparation for surgery: You will receive two questionnaires, one about your medical and one about your psychological health. Once completed, your surgeon and anaesthetist will review these to confirm you are ready for surgery. If you smoke or vape, your surgeon will ask you to give up six weeks before your procedure. This will significantly improve your healing and recovery process. You will also be asked to cut down on drinking alcohol in the weeks running up to your surgery. You shouldn’t drink any alcohol in the 48 hours before your procedure. In the 7 days running up your procedure you will be asked to not to take any anti-inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen and aspirin, as well as herbal supplements as these may increase your chances of bleeding in your surgery. You must ask a friend or family member to come and collect you following your procedure. They must be able to either accompany you in a taxi or drive you in a private car before staying with you overnight. In the 6 hours before you arrive at the clinic, you cannot consume any solid food, juice or milk (including tea or coffee). You can have sips of clear liquids (water, or black tea and coffee) up to 2 hours before you arrive at the clinic 03. On the day Your arrival time will be an hour before your surgery is due to begin. The nurses will prepare you for surgery by taking your blood pressure, height and weight and asking you to change into a surgical gown and compression socks. Your surgeon and anaesthetist will come to greet you and answer any questions. Your surgeon will then make any markings they need to carry out your procedure. When you are taken into theatre, your anaesthetist will administer your general anaesthetic. All procedures at Cadogan Clinic are performed using TIVA (Total Intravenous Anaesthesia) as it has a faster initial recovery time and less risk of post-operative nausea and vomiting. Once your surgery is finished, you will be taken to our recovery ward, where you will wake up from the anaesthetic and a nurse will check your vital health signs. Once you are awake and comfortable, you will be taken into our ambulatory ward to have something to eat and drink. When you are ready, a nurse will talk you through any medication and aftercare you will need once you leave. You will then get changed and your chaperone will come to collect you. 04. Treatment Recovery In the first few days following surgery, you will likely experience some pain, bruising and swelling, this is completely normal and will calm down within the first 2 weeks. Most patients are mobile within 2-3 days and can bathe normally after this time. Your surgeon will ask you to wear a compression vest for up to 8 weeks post-surgery to preserve your results and to reduce the swelling. They may also ask you to sleep on your back for the first few weeks of recovery to prevent any pressure being placed on your chest. One week after your surgery you see our nurses so they can assess your incisions and make sure you are healing well. They will explain how to look after and change your dressings from this point onwards and will answer any questions you have about your aftercare. Six weeks after your surgery you will see your surgeon so they can discuss your results and recovery. After this point, if you have any questions or concerns you will still be able to contact our nurses or your patient advisor who will be able to organise for you to speak with your surgeon if necessary. The Patient Journey. A breakdown of what you can expect on your journey with us We are deeply invested in ensuring that every step of your surgical journey with us is as informative and reassuring to you as it can be. This article outlines what you can expect at each stage of the journey The Patient Journey Frequently Asked Questions Ask a question What are the benefits of FTM surgery? FTM surgery helps to alleviate gender dysphoria by bringing a person’s body in line with their gender identity. Most people who have top surgery will find that they have an improved self-image once the operation is completed and the body has had a chance to heal. By helping trans men to feel happier and more connected with their bodies, this usually has an overwhelmingly positive impact on all areas of their life. FTM surgery helps to restore confidence and improves mental health, alleviating the symptoms of depression and anxiety. This newfound confidence can help in the workplace, in social situations and aid with forming romantic relationships. Top surgery results in a more masculine-looking chest, replacing female characteristics. Our surgeons at the Cadogan Clinics are experts in their field and have the knowledge and skills to help you to reach your body goals. What type of surgeon is best for FTM top surgery? The best surgeon to perform top surgery is an aesthetic surgeon who has specific training in gender-affirming surgeries. Here at the Cadogan Clinic, all of our surgeons are world-class experts in their field. This expertise means that our surgeons are highly sought after to perform female to male surgery in London. What kind of scarring can I expect following top surgery? You should expect a degree of scarring following any type of top surgery. Scarring from surgical incision looks like a thin, raised line on top of the skin. As it heals, it will darken and flatten. The size, length and exact location of these scars in FTM top surgery depends on the surgical technique used. The keyhole and periareolar methods of top surgery are  less invasive than double incision top surgery. As a result, this generally results in less scarring. The good news is that any scarring will gradually fade, but the speed of this varies from person to person. Three months after surgery you can start to use bio oil on your scars to help lessen their appearance. You should avoid smoking, tanning, excessive scrubbing and scratching the area during the healing process as these can make scarring worse. Some people have a condition called keloid that causes excessive tissue growth in the wound area. Keloid scars are thicker and more noticeable than regular scars. In the unlikely event that you acquire an infection of the wound, this can also make scars thicker and it takes longer for them to go. The Cadogan Clinic provides every patient with access to one of London’s most advanced scar minimisation programmes, led by our scar prevention team here at the clinic. What kind of results can I expect following top surgery? After the post-surgery swelling subsides, you should expect to have a flatter, contoured, more masculine-looking chest. There may be some scarring, depending on which technique is used in your top surgery. You may also find that you experience a reduction or loss of nipple sensation, depending on which surgical technique is used during the operation. Once you have recovered from your operation, you can begin to enjoy a new body which helps to heal the feeling of disconnect caused by gender dysphoria. You should notice an overall boost in your mental health and wellbeing, as well as a boost in self-confidence. Is top surgery painful? You can expect some discomfort for around four or five days after your FTM top surgery. In the event that you do experience any mild to moderate pain or discomfort, this can be controlled with over-the-counter painkillers. The chest area will be swollen and on average this will take two to three weeks to subside. However you may find the area is still swollen for anywhere up to six months after surgery. As part of your treatment with the Cadogan Clinic, you will have access to 24/7 on-call nurse assistance for the duration of your recovery. Can I get top surgery on the NHS? Yes, it is possible to get FTM top surgery on the NHS if you meet the criteria. However the NHS waiting list for female to male gender reassignment is very long. If you choose the Cadogan Clinic for your FTM top surgery, there are no waiting times and you will get your treatment sooner. Can you reverse top surgery? Top surgery is permanent. Your breasts will not grow back after the operation and any reconstructive surgery will not return your chest to the way it looked before. It is therefore of paramount importance that you are 100 percent certain about your goals before taking such major steps to change your body. You must also have realistic expectations about what FTM top surgery can achieve. Book an appointment with one of our expert surgeons here at the Cadogan Clinic who will run through the options with you. Can I breastfeed after top surgery? If the milk ducts are removed during top surgery, then you will not be able to breastfeed or chestfeed. If some of these milk-producing ducts are left behind, then it may be possible. If you are taking testosterone as part of your treatment, then this may affect the production of the hormone needed for lactation. It is important to note that many factors can affect a person’s ability to breastfeed or chestfeed. A person who has all their milk ducts and is not taking hormones may still find they do not produce enough milk. Formula milk is a perfectly healthy and safe way to feed a baby. Is top surgery the same as mastectomy? A mastectomy (breast removal) is just part of FTM top surgery. Liposuction is also used to remove excess fatty tissue to create an improved contour and the nipples will also be repositioned to a more natural-looking position. Depending on the results of your FTM top surgery, the surgeon may feel that further procedures are necessary. This may include more liposuction, dog-ear surgery to remove puckered skin at the end of the scar line, and possible nipple reconstruction if required. Words from Our Founder Mr. Bryan Mayou FTM Top Surgery is a hugely transformative procedure that aligns a patient's physical appearance with gender identity, offering positive benefits to transgender individuals. By removing breast tissue and reshaping the chest, we achieve a more masculine image, alleviating symptoms of gender dysphoria and enhancing self-confidence. This procedure is not just about cosmetic changes; it's about empowering individuals to live comfortably in their bodies. FTM Top Surgery plays a vital role in the journey towards gender affirmation and self-acceptance.

A state of the art, award winning clinic.

Founded in 2004 by world renowned plastic surgeon Mr Bryan Mayou, we now work with over 100 leading consultants and successfully treat over 20,000 patients each year. We have been winning industry awards since inception.

Best in Class Facilities

All of our treatments take place at our beautiful boutique premises in Chelsea. We have six consulting rooms and five operating rooms, as well as a dedicated pre and post-operative suite, and a full team of specialist nursing staff.

A Strong Tradition of Innovation

We were founded in 2004 by world renown plastic surgeon Mr Bryan Mayou, best known for his pioneering work in the area of liposuction, lasers and microvascular surgery. We continue to collaborate with pioneers in our field.

At Home in Sloane Street, London

We are proud that our state of the art award-winning clinic is located in one of the best neighbourhoods in the country

Clinics Nationwide

We offer surgical consultations in London, Birmingham, Chelmsford and Bristol, and attract international patients from all corners of the globe such as as the USA, the Middle East and Europe.

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The Risks of FTM Top Surgery

Before proceeding with FTM Top Surgery, it is vital to be aware of the potential risks and complications that can occur during any surgical procedure. Your surgeon will discuss these risks with you and explain how they may impact your procedure.

• Hematoma - This is the build up of blood beneath the skin and will require treatment from your surgeon
• Seroma - This is the formation of a lump under the skin caused by buildup of fluid around the incision sites. This will require treatment from your surgeon.
• Poor wound healing - Healing complications or infection can affect the incision sites
• Asymmetry - Occasionally, your chest may appear uneven - this can sometimes be a temporary part of healing, but may be long term and require further intervention.
• Excessive bleeding 
• Allergic reaction to general anaesthetic
• Infection at the surgical site
• Deep vein thrombosis (blood clot in a vein)

Occasionally, a revision surgery is required in the event of a complication or unwanted outcome. This can arise due to factors out of your surgeon’s control. All of Cadogan Clinic’s gender specialist surgeons are highly qualified consultants who have performed FTM Top Surgery many times.

Related Treatments

We believe in the delivery of excellent outcomes and results, and exceptional levels of service. Our outcomes are natural and long-lasting, and we remain the premier choice for cosmetic surgery treatments in the UK.

Related Reading

Aesthetic Medicine 2024

UK Clinic of the Year

Aesthetic Awards

Best Clinic, London

Aesthetic Medicine

Highly Commended

MyFaceMyBody

Best Plastic Surgery Clinic, UK

MyFaceMyBody Awards

Treatment - Gender dysphoria

Treatment for gender dysphoria aims to help people live the way they want to, in their preferred gender identity or as non-binary.

What this means will vary from person to person, and is different for children, young people and adults. Waiting times for referral and treatment are currently long.

Treatment for children and young people

If your child may have gender dysphoria, they'll usually be referred to one of the NHS Children and Young People's Gender Services .

Your child or teenager will be seen by a multidisciplinary team including a:

• clinical psychologist
• child psychotherapist
• child and adolescent psychiatrist
• family therapist
• social worker

The team will carry out a detailed assessment, usually over 3 to 6 appointments over a period of several months.

Depending on the results of the assessment, options for children and teenagers include:

• family therapy
• individual child psychotherapy
• parental support or counselling
• group work for young people and their parents
• regular reviews to monitor gender identity development
• referral to a local Children and Young People's Mental Health Service (CYPMHS) for more serious emotional issues

Most treatments offered at this stage are psychological rather than medical. This is because in many cases gender variant behaviour or feelings disappear as children reach puberty.

Hormone therapy in children and young people

Some young people with lasting signs of gender dysphoria who meet strict criteria may be referred to a hormone specialist (consultant endocrinologist). This is in addition to psychological support.

Puberty blockers and gender-affirming hormones

Puberty blockers (gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues) are not available to children and young people for gender incongruence or gender dysphoria because there is not enough evidence of safety and clinical effectiveness.

From around the age of 16, young people with a diagnosis of gender incongruence or gender dysphoria who meet various clinical criteria may be given gender-affirming hormones alongside psychosocial and psychological support.

These hormones cause some irreversible changes, such as:

• breast development (caused by taking oestrogen)
• breaking or deepening of the voice (caused by taking testosterone)

Long-term gender-affirming hormone treatment may cause temporary or even permanent infertility.

However, as gender-affirming hormones affect people differently, they should not be considered a reliable form of contraception.

There is some uncertainty about the risks of long-term gender-affirming hormone treatment.

Children, young people and their families are strongly discouraged from getting puberty blockers or gender-affirming hormones from unregulated sources or online providers that are not regulated by UK regulatory bodies.

Transition to adult gender identity services

Young people aged 17 or older may be seen in an adult gender identity clinic or be referred to one from a children and young people's gender service.

By this age, a teenager and the clinic team may be more confident about confirming a diagnosis of gender dysphoria. If desired, steps can be taken to more permanent treatments that fit with the chosen gender identity or as non-binary.

Treatment for adults

Adults who think they may have gender dysphoria should be referred to a gender dysphoria clinic (GDC).

Find an NHS gender dysphoria clinic in England .

GDCs have a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals, who offer ongoing assessments, treatments, support and advice, including:

• psychological support, such as counselling
• cross-sex hormone therapy
• speech and language therapy (voice therapy) to help you sound more typical of your gender identity

For some people, support and advice from the clinic are all they need to feel comfortable with their gender identity. Others will need more extensive treatment.

Hormone therapy for adults

The aim of hormone therapy is to make you more comfortable with yourself, both in terms of physical appearance and how you feel. The hormones usually need to be taken for the rest of your life, even if you have gender surgery.

It's important to remember that hormone therapy is only one of the treatments for gender dysphoria. Others include voice therapy and psychological support. The decision to have hormone therapy will be taken after a discussion between you and your clinic team.

In general, people wanting masculinisation usually take testosterone and people after feminisation usually take oestrogen.

Both usually have the additional effect of suppressing the release of "unwanted" hormones from the testes or ovaries.

Whatever hormone therapy is used, it can take several months for hormone therapy to be effective, which can be frustrating.

It's also important to remember what it cannot change, such as your height or how wide or narrow your shoulders are.

The effectiveness of hormone therapy is also limited by factors unique to the individual (such as genetic factors) that cannot be overcome simply by adjusting the dose.

Find out how to save money on prescriptions for hormone therapy medicines with a prescription prepayment certificate .

Risks of hormone therapy

There is some uncertainty about the risks of long-term cross-sex hormone treatment. The clinic will discuss these with you and the importance of regular monitoring blood tests with your GP.

The most common risks or side effects include:

• blood clots
• weight gain
• dyslipidaemia (abnormal levels of fat in the blood)
• elevated liver enzymes
• polycythaemia (high concentration of red blood cells)
• hair loss or balding (androgenic alopecia)

There are other risks if you're taking hormones bought over the internet or from unregulated sources. It's strongly recommended you avoid these.

Long-term cross-sex hormone treatment may also lead, eventually, to infertility, even if treatment is stopped.

The GP can help you with advice about gamete storage. This is the harvesting and storing of eggs or sperm for your future use.

Gamete storage is sometimes available on the NHS. It cannot be provided by the gender dysphoria clinic.

Read more about fertility preservation on the HFEA website.

Surgery for adults

Some people may decide to have surgery to permanently alter body parts associated with their biological sex.

Based on the recommendations of doctors at the gender dysphoria clinic, you will be referred to a surgeon outside the clinic who is an expert in this type of surgery.

In addition to you having socially transitioned to your preferred gender identity for at least a year before a referral is made for gender surgery, it is also advisable to:

• lose weight if you are overweight (BMI of 25 or over)
• have taken cross-sex hormones for some surgical procedures

It's also important that any long-term conditions, such as diabetes or high blood pressure, are well controlled.

Surgery for trans men

Common chest procedures for trans men (trans-masculine people) include:

• removal of both breasts (bilateral mastectomy) and associated chest reconstruction
• nipple repositioning
• dermal implant and tattoo

Gender surgery for trans men includes:

• construction of a penis (phalloplasty or metoidioplasty)
• construction of a scrotum (scrotoplasty) and testicular implants
• a penile implant

Removal of the womb (hysterectomy) and the ovaries and fallopian tubes (salpingo-oophorectomy) may also be considered.

Surgery for trans women

Gender surgery for trans women includes:

• removal of the testes (orchidectomy)
• removal of the penis (penectomy)
• construction of a vagina (vaginoplasty)
• construction of a vulva (vulvoplasty)
• construction of a clitoris (clitoroplasty)

Breast implants for trans women (trans-feminine people) are not routinely available on the NHS.

Facial feminisation surgery and hair transplants are not routinely available on the NHS.

As with all surgical procedures there can be complications. Your surgeon should discuss the risks and limitations of surgery with you before you consent to the procedure.

Life after transition

Whether you've had hormone therapy alone or combined with surgery, the aim is that you no longer have gender dysphoria and feel at ease with your identity.

Your health needs are the same as anyone else's with a few exceptions:

• you'll need lifelong monitoring of your hormone levels by your GP
• you'll still need contraception if you are sexually active and have not yet had any gender surgery
• you'll need to let your optician and dentist know if you're on hormone therapy as this may affect your treatment
• you may not be called for screening tests as you've changed your name on medical records – ask your GP to notify you for cervical and breast screening if you're a trans man with a cervix or breast tissue
• trans-feminine people with breast tissue (and registered with a GP as female) are routinely invited for breast screening from the ages of 50 up to 71

Find out more about screening for trans and non-binary people on GOV.UK.

NHS guidelines for gender dysphoria

NHS England has published what are known as service specifications that describe how clinical and medical care is offered to people with gender dysphoria:

• Non-surgical interventions for adults
• Surgical interventions for adults
• Interim service specification for specialist gender incongruence services for children and young people

Review of gender identity services

NHS England has commissioned an independent review of gender identity services for children and young people. The review will advise on any changes needed to the service specifications for children and young people.

Page last reviewed: 28 May 2020 Next review due: 28 May 2023

Private care

There are several private gender services which charge fees but which may have significantly shorter waiting lists than the NHS. You may wish to use these services while on the waiting list for an NHS service. It can overwhelming trying to choose which gender service to be referred to, but you can find useful tips on how to choose on our  Choosing a Gender Service page .

An important note

This list is for information and should not be considered an endorsement of any particular practitioner(s) or clinic. Similarly, absence from the list does not imply that we would not endorse a particular practitioner or clinic. We cannot check the quality or safety of services on this page, it is your responsibility to do so before choosing a private provider.

All of the clinics on this list accept self-referrals.

Note that while some services will see patients younger than 18 for an assessment, not all will offer hormone therapy. You may wish to contact services to find out if they are willing to prescribe to under 18s before paying money to a service.

Other private services

Whilst they do not have clinicians who can prescribe hormones or refer you for surgery, Gender Health Care offer help, advice and support from registered health professionals with personal and professional experience of non-conforming gender identities. They provide services to people of all ages including offering specialist advice, administering injections, and taking blood samples.

Gender GP is based outside of the UK, but they provide services for trans patients internationally. This includes hormone prescribing and counselling.

Surgeons offering both private and NHS services

You can find a complete list of UK surgeons who can be accessed via the NHS on  the NGICNS website . Many of these surgeons will see patients “privately” also – that is, where the patient pays for the surgery themselves, rather than it being paid for by the NHS.

Private-only surgery teams in the UK

A small number of UK surgeons offering gender surgeries will only take private patients. We are aware of the following surgery teams in the UK:

• Multiple surgery types  are performed by the  The Hamlet Clinic , and  Ardeshir Vahidi
• Chest surgery  is performed by  Miles Berry and Dai Davies ,  Mohsen El Gammal ,  Mysore Chandrashekar ,  Guy Sterne , and Ionnis Ntanos (a choice of UK or Greece).
• Feminising genital surgery  is performed by  Christian Seipp  (including orchidectomy)
• Facial surgery  is performed by  Nik Maini ,  Brian Musgrove , and  Moorthy Halsnad

There are many other private surgery teams based outside of the UK. You might want to have surgery abroad for many reasons, such as access to techniques not available from UK surgeons, lower cost of surgery in other countries, or wanting surgery from a specific surgeon who does not operate in the UK. However, there are a number of potential disadvantages to surgery abroad that are also worth considering carefully. There is information to help you make these decisions on  the UK Government website  and on  the NHS website .

Take a look at the Travelling abroad for surgery page for some more information on the experience of having surgery abroad.

Costs for private services vary significantly. Appointments with private clinicians tend to cost £250-500, and you are likely to be asked to attend:

• at least one or two initial assessment appointments (or more if under 18)
• an appointment with an endocrinologist to be prescribed hormones
• periodic followup appointments with the endocrinologist

You may also need to pay prescription costs, costs for blood tests, and costs for injection supplies, depending on whether your GP agrees to a shared care agreement with the private clinic.

Appointment costs

Most private gender services list information about fees on their websites.

• GenderCare fees
• The Gender Hormone Clinic fees
• Gender Identity South West fees
• Harley Street Gender Clinic fees
• London Transgender Clinic fees
• Dr Lenihan fees
• YourGP fees

You can find a helpful summary of the costs of using private services that has been put together by community members in  this Reddit thread .

Prescription costs

If you are using private gender services to obtain medications, the service will normally ask your GP to write you NHS prescriptions. Your GP may or may not agree to do this – it is up to them. Guidance on shared care that you may wish to give to your GP to help them make this decision has been produced by  NHS England  and  NHS Wales .

If your GP agrees to prescribe on the NHS, the cost of your medication is the same as any other NHS prescription. You do not have to pay the full cost of medication you are prescribed on the NHS. You are not asked to pay anything at all in  Northern Ireland ,  Scotland  and  Wales . In England, people are asked to pay a small charge for each item on their prescriptions. There are ways you can reduce or avoid this cost, which you can read about on  the NHS website .

If your GP does not agree to prescribe on the NHS, the private service can write you private prescriptions, which you will have to pay the full cost of yourself. Typical prices for commonly used medications (as of February 2022) are:

• testosterone gel : around £50 for a two month supply
• testosterone injections : around £5-6 every 2-4 weeks for Sustanon, £100 for three months for Nebido
• oestrogen gel : around £10 for a 2-8 weeks supply
• oestrogen patches : around £10 for a 2-4 weeks supply
• oestrogen pills : around £10 for a 1-4 weeks supply
• GnRH agonists : around £250-300 for a 3 month supply

The private service may sometimes charge you an additional fee for writing the private prescription.

If you are taking a medication that is injected, you will also need injection supplies. You can find information about how to obtain these supplies cheaply and easily on genderkit.org.uk ‘s  self-injection page .

If your GP does not agree to perform blood testing for you, you will also need to arrange for this, which may cost you additional money. You can find out more about arranging blood testing on  our hormones and blood testing page .

Fees will vary depending on the team and on your particular surgical requirements. Some private surgery providers will include their fees on their website, and others you’ll need to e-mail to ask. Always ask what is and isn’t included in the quoted fee, and what (if anything) you would need to pay extra for if you experience a complication.

When calculating the cost of private surgery, remember to factor in travel and accommodation costs (for pre-surgical and post surgical appointments as well as for your surgical date), any medication or supplies you will need to buy to aid your recovery.

There are other factors apart from costs that you may want to consider when choosing a private service. You can read more about things to consider on our  Choosing a Gender Service page .

You can find useful tips for deciding which surgery team to use on  the Umbrella Cymru website .

You can find more information about private hospitals in the UK by searching on  the Private Healthcare Information Network website .

Errors or omissions

Is there something missing from this page? Have you spotted something that isn’t correct? E-mail [email protected] to let us know.

Does something look familiar?

This page is based on information originally posted on  genderkit.org.uk  with permission.

A disclaimer: TransActual do not provide medical, health, or legal advice. The content of this page is intended for information purposes only. It is not a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment from a medical professional. It is not a substitute for advice from a legal professional. We strongly suggest you consult a healthcare professional or legal professional for specific advice about your situation. TransActual do not advocate or recommend the purchase of any specific product and we do not endorse or guarantee the credentials or appropriateness of any health care provider, any product or any provider of legal services.

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Gender Identity Service at Parkside Hospital

Parkside Hospital offers Trans Gender Services led by our expert consultants who are supported by our team of specialist gender nurses, service lead and pathway coordinators. Here at Parkside Hospital, we offer both feminisation and masculinisation surgery.

What is genital reconstructive surgery?

Genital reconstructive surgery (GRS) involves reshaping the male genitals to anatomically and, as far as possible, functionally resemble that of female genitalia. Prior to surgery, patients undergo hormone replacement therapy and counselling from recognised gender specialists.

Other associated operations that patients may elect to have are facial feminisation surgery and breast augmentation. The Gender Identity Service at Parkside Hospital currently offers vaginoplasty , labiaplasty and orchidectomy .

Our support services

One of our specialist gender nurses will be dedicated to your care, should you choose to have the surgery at Parkside Hospital. Their role is to see you through, from the first consultation to post-operative check-ups, and are available to advise you at any time. Our Clinic Coordinator will navigate your pathway with us to ensure you have continued care and support during your journey.

How to book a consultation

If you are a  private patient , or if you have private insurance which covers gender treatment, you can book a consultation with one of our consultants below by calling our Client Service Advisors on 020 8971 8026.

If you are an  NHS patient please contact your GP on the first instance who will refer you to your local Gender Identity Clinic.

Our consultants

Mr James Bellringer

MB, Bchir, FRCS, FECSM

Specialty Urology

Miss Catherine Milroy

BM, BCh, FRCS(eng), FRCS(plas)

Specialty Plastic Surgery

Miss Tina Rashid

BSc (Hons) MBBS (Eng) MRCS (Eng) FRCS (Urol)

Miss Victoria Rose

MBBS MRCS FRCS(plast) PGCME LLM

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How Much Does Transgender Surgery Cost in 2024?

Medically reviewed by

Navigating the journey of gender transition involves not just emotional and physical aspects but also financial planning. If you're feeling anxious about affording transgender surgery , we've got your back. This article goes over what you might have to pay in 2024, how insurance can help, and where to get extra financial support. We're here to help make sense of it all.

Quick overview:

• Average top surgery cost: $3,000-$10,000.
• Average bottom surgery cost: $6,400-$25,000.
• Average facial surgery cost: $1,000-$50,000.
• Average voice surgery cost: $5,000-$9,000.
• The US and the UK offer transgender surgeries on the pricier spectrum: $10,150-$75,000.
• Thailand offers more affordable options: $3,500-$22,000.
• Turkey is known for its cost-effective healthcare, and transgender surgeries are no exception: $5,000 to $15,000.

Table of Contents

How much is transgender surgery worldwide, how much is gender reassignment surgery by type, what factors affect the cost of transgender surgery, what is covered by transgender surgery cost, does insurance cover gender reassignment surgery, how to pay for transgender surgery, tips for minimizing transgender surgery costs, best countries for gender reassignment surgery.

The cost of transgender surgery can vary widely from one country to another due to factors such as the cost of living, healthcare system structure, and the demand for such surgeries. 

Here's a comparative look at the average costs of the most common types of transgender surgery across several countries:

🤩An astounding 99.7% of trans individuals report satisfaction with their gender-affirming surgery . In comparison, the average regret rate for general surgeries is 14.4%.

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Gender reassignment surgery encompasses a range of procedures aimed at aligning individuals’ physical appearance with their gender identity. The cost of these surgeries can vary widely, from $2,000 for a simple procedure to $134,000 for complex, multi-stage surgeries. The average price range is $3,000-$50,000.

This table gives a rough outline of gender confirmation surgery costs according to the type of procedure:

Below, we delve into details of each surgical procedure that might influence the gender-affirming surgery cost.

Female-to-male (FTM) top surgery cost

Female-to-male (FTM) top surgery removes breast tissue and gives the chest a more masculine appearance. On average, a chest reconstructive procedure can cost between $3,000 and $10,000.

There are several techniques for FTM top surgery:

• Double incision procedure with nipple grafts is usually more expensive due to its complexity. This top surgery procedure is suitable for trans people with larger amounts of breast tissue. It involves two horizontal incisions across the chest to remove tissue and excess skin, with nipples repositioned as grafts. 
• Periareolar & Keyhole top surgeries are generally less expensive (by up to $2,000) due to their less invasive nature and reduced surgical time. These options are optimal for those with a smaller chest size. They involve tissue removal through a small incision around or near the areolas, resulting in minimal scarring. 
• The buttonhole technique removes more tissue through one cut than keyhole or periareolar methods while trying to preserve the nipple's look and feel. Buttonhole surgery is excellent for people with smaller chests who value their nipple sensation. Price-wise, it falls between the cost of periareolar/keyhole and double incision procedures.

Male-to-female (MTF) top surgery cost

MTF top surgery, or breast augmentation, involves the placement of breast implants to create female-contoured breasts. The cost ranges from $5,000 to $10,000 and depends on the desired size, type of implant, and the surgical approach.

Find out more about about top surgery costs here .

Female-to-male (FTM) bottom surgery cost

FTM bottom surgery includes procedures aimed at constructing male genitalia and removing female reproductive organs. On average, FTM genital surgery costs between $6,400 and $25,000 .

There are several types of FTM bottom surgery, varying in goals and complexity:

• Hysterectomy: $9,500 - $22,500. Removal of the uterus.
• Oophorectomy: $11,500 - $18,500. Removal of the ovaries.
• Vaginectomy: $6,500 - $7,500. Removal of the vagina.
• Metoidioplasty : $6,000 - $30,000. Creates a phallus from the clitoral tissue, which has been enlarged through hormone therapy. Less complex than phalloplasty, which influences its lower cost range.
• Phalloplasty: $20,000 - $50,000. Constructs a penis using tissue grafted from other parts of the body, such as the forearm or thigh. The high complexity, longer surgery time, and the need for multiple stages contribute to its higher cost.

💰Due to its invasive nature, the cost of FTM surgery can be significantly higher than that of MTF procedures. It often involves skin grafts to construct a functioning organ where there wasn't one before, as opposed to repurposing existing tissue in MTF surgeries.

Male-to-female (MTF) bottom surgery cost

MTF bottom surgery refers to procedures that create female genitalia and remove male reproductive organs. The average cost of transfeminine bottom surgery is around $25,000 .

• Orchiectomy: $2,000-$8,000. The surgical removal of testicles. A relatively straightforward procedure, hence the lower cost.
• Vaginoplasty/ Vulvoplasty : $10,000-$30,000. The complexity of creating functional genitalia with aesthetic considerations explains the higher price range. 

Vaginoplasty vs. Vulvoplasty. Vaginoplasty constructs a vagina and vulva using penile and scrotal tissue. Vulvoplasty, or zero-depth vaginoplasty, is less invasive, focusing solely on the creation of external genitalia without constructing a vaginal canal.

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Facial reconstruction cost

• Facial feminization surgery (FFS) : $20,000 to $50,000. A series of surgery procedures that alter masculine facial features to a more feminine appearance. The wide range of potential procedures (jaw shaving, rhinoplasty, brow lift, tracheal shave , etc.) and the complexity of facial surgery contribute to the high cost.
• Facial masculinization surgery (FMS) : $1,000 and $20,000. Involves enhancing masculine features, such as jaw augmentation or Adam’s apple enhancement. This type of FTM surgery is less common since testosterone therapy often provides sufficient masculinization of facial features.

Looking for more details on FFS costs ? This article has got you covered!

Voice surgery cost

This gender-affirming procedure alters a patient's voice pitch and resonance to align with their gender identity more closely. 

• Voice feminization surgery (VFS) modifies the vocal cords to produce a higher pitch, typically sought by transgender people aiming for a more feminine-sounding voice.
• Voice masculinization surgery (VMS) , while less common than VFS, is a procedure aimed at deepening the voice to make it sound more typically masculine.

Surgery costs start at approximately $5,000 and can go up to $9,000 or more.

Get Free Expert Advice

🤔Want to learn more about what to expect from gender-affirming surgeries? Read our Sex Reassignment Surgery Guide .

• Type of surgery. The specific procedure you're undergoing is one of the biggest cost determinants. Complex, multi-stage surgeries like phalloplasty or vaginoplasty tend to be more expensive than top surgeries or minor cosmetic procedures.
• Number of surgeries. Patients can combine surgeries, for example, have an orchiectomy at the same time as a phalloplasty. There are also instances where revision surgeries are necessary to refine initial results. Each additional stage or procedure increases the complexity, time, and resources needed.
• Surgeon’s expertise. Surgeons who are highly specialized and experienced in transgender surgeries typically charge more for their services. 
• Geographic location. Sex reassignment surgery cost can vary depending on where it is performed. Countries with a higher cost of living or places where transgender surgeries are more in demand might have higher surgery costs.
• Hospital or surgery center fees. The facility where your surgery takes place can also impact the cost. Private clinics may have different pricing structures than public hospitals, and additional fees for anesthesia, operating room use, and post-operative care can add up.

When you're looking into the cost of transgender surgery, it's essential to know what you're paying for. These costs aren't just for the surgery itself; they cover a range of necessary steps and services that ensure your transition is safe and successful. These usually include:

• imaging tests;
• blood tests;
• prescription medications;
• surgeon’s fee;
• hospital fee;
• general anesthesia fees.

Sometimes, surgeries require additional procedures for optimal final results, like urethral lengthening and erectile device installation alongside phalloplasty.

All-inclusive packages

Clinics in Turkey and Thailand offer all-inclusive packages for transgender surgery. They can simplify your financial planning by covering all the essentials at one price. 

Aside from the services usually covered by the cost, they may offer:

• customized plans with a combination of procedures that best fit your needs;
• accommodation;
• post-surgery support;
• translation services;
• leisure activities for your recovery period.

Request a Custom Treatment Plan

Health insurance plans usually cover treatments deemed medically necessary for gender dysphoria. Gender dysphoria is a condition where there's a disconnect between the sex assigned at birth and the gender someone identifies with. These treatments can include hormones, surgeries, or counseling. They aim to align one's gender identity with their appearance and anatomy. 

However, coverage and specific requirements can vary depending on where you live, who you work for, and the details of your health insurance plan.

Determining your plan’s coverage and limitations

To get a clear picture of what your health plan covers, start with your member booklet. You should have received this document upon enrolling in your policy or joining your company's employee plan. It outlines the treatments included and the evidence you need to provide to qualify for coverage. 

📋Common requirements for coverage include:

• One or two recommendation letters from a mental health professional.
• Evidence of hormone therapy for at least a year before surgery.
• Being at least 18 years old.

For prior authorization, you will need to provide your insurance company with documentation proving the medical necessity of the treatment. Failing to secure pre-approval might result in claim denial, even for surgery covered by the plan.

While genital and chest surgeries are usually classified as medically necessary, facial feminization/masculinization surgeries often fall under the cosmetic category for insurance companies. They rarely cover these and other procedures not deemed essential, like voice surgery. Coverage for these surgeries can be especially limited in states with less support for transgender rights.

Additional Costs

While your insurance company might cover the surgery itself, there are still additional costs to consider:

• Home assistance. If you're recovering solo, you might need to hire help at home.
• Travel and accommodation. Traveling for surgery? Factor in your flights and hotel stays.
• Psychiatric care. Essential for obtaining a referral letter for surgery, therapy sessions can cost between $65 and $250.
• Time off work. Expect to take six weeks off for bottom surgery recovery and around two weeks for top surgery.
• Recovery aids. After bottom surgery, items like a shower stool, waterproof bed sheets, cheap underwear, and sanitary towels can add up. Depending on the exact procedure, top surgery necessities may include a mastectomy pillow, chest binder, and loose-fitting clothes.

Budgeting for transgender surgery can be daunting, but there are several options available to help manage the costs:

• Payment plans. Healthcare providers and hospitals can offer payment plans, allowing you to spread the cost of surgery over time. Bookimed also enables patients to comfortably pay for the surgery in interest-free installments.
• Personal loans. You can take out a personal loan for a lump sum to cover medical expenses, ranging from $1,000 to $100,000. Your borrowing capacity and interest rates will depend on your credit score and income.
• Credit cards. Credit cards can give you access to a credit line for medical bills, which you pay off over time. 
• Medical credit cards. Specifically for medical expenses, cards like CareCredit offer no-interest plans for a set period, but watch out for retroactive interest if the balance isn't cleared in time.
• Home equity. If you own your home, you might consider a home equity loan or line of credit (HELOC), which can offer lower interest rates. However, your home becomes collateral, posing a risk if you cannot keep up with repayments.

Grants for transgender surgery

Several nonprofits offer grants to help cover the partial or total cost of the gender confirmation surgery, providing financial aid that doesn't need to be repaid. Eligibility and requirements vary, but demonstrating some personal savings toward the surgery can strengthen your application. Here are a few organizations offering such support:

• Jim Collins Foundation ;
• Point of Pride ;
• The Loft LGBTQ+ Community Center ;
• Genderbands .

As you plan how to finance your surgery, keep these strategies in mind to keep costs down:

• Go through your insurance plan with a fine-tooth comb, and don’t be afraid to ask your provider questions. Dealing with insurance paperwork can be tiring, but the significant savings will be worth it.
• Use a health savings account (HSA) or a flexible spending account (FSA) to save for medical expenses, including gender-affirming surgeries. 
• Try crowdfunding. Platforms like GoFundMe or Fundly can help raise funds for your surgery. 
• Seek support from friends and family. They may offer more flexible and less costly loans to support your transition.
• Be mindful of interest rates to avoid paying more in the long run.

In the quest for gender affirmation, the search for excellence and affordability in surgical care leads patients to the global stage. Thailand and Turkey attract patients from all over the world with their remarkable medical expertise and welcoming culture.

🛕Thailand: The global leader in gender-affirming care

• Sex change capital of the world. Thailand isn't just famous for its beaches; it's a top medical tourism destination, welcoming over 2 million international patients a year. In particular, it is the №1 choice for gender-affirming surgery overseas.
• Expert surgeons. Thailand's surgeons are some of the best in the business, with decades of experience and innovation under their belts. For nearly half a century, starting with Dr. Preecha Tiewtranon's pioneering work in 1975, Thailand has led advancements in sex reassignment surgery (SRS).
• Innovative techniques. From the latest surgical techniques to state-of-the-art hospital facilities, Thailand is all about providing superior care. Thai doctors are known for developing groundbreaking surgical methods in SRS, including non-penile inversion vaginoplasty and peritoneal vaginoplasty.
• Affordable cost. Surgeries here can be 3 times cheaper than in Western countries, making it a desirable option for those without insurance or seeking a more budget-friendly solution.
• Hospitality. Known for its exceptional hospitality, Thailand's medical community extends a warm welcome to international patients. This is an excellent opportunity to combine a life-changing event with an enjoyable recovery vacation.
• Trans acceptance. With one of the most visible transgender communities in the world, Thailand offers an environment of understanding and respect. Bangkok is known for its inclusivity, where it’s common to encounter kathoeys (transgender women). The country also hosts Miss International Queen, the world's largest transgender beauty pageant. This cultural acceptance is mirrored in the compassionate care provided in Thailand’s gender confirmation clinics.
• Travel distance. For patients traveling from far away, the distance can add significant travel and accommodation costs to the overall budget.
• Cultural and language barriers. While medical staff often speak English, navigating a new culture and language can be challenging for some patients.

📸See the results of sex reassignment surgery done in Thailand for yourself! Click on the offer below to check out the examples of before-and-after photos :

🕌Turkey: Top medical tourism destination

• Internationally recognized healthcare. Turkey's medical tourism industry is booming, with over 1 million visitors annually. The country's medical facilities use the latest technologies and meet international standards.
• Affordability. Turkey's low cost of living and operational expenses, as well as its aim of attracting more medical tourists, mean that patients can save up to 50-70% on transgender surgery costs compared to the US or Europe.
• Comprehensive packages. Striving to secure Turkey’s place as the global leader in medical tourism, Turkish clinics offer all-inclusive packages for international patients. They cover the surgery, hospital stay, and sometimes even accommodation and transfers.
• Surgeon expertise. Turkish surgeons, often trained internationally, bring a high level of skill and innovation to gender-affirming surgeries. They are affiliated with global associations like the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS) and the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH), ensuring top-quality care.
• Government support. Turkey's government backs its medical tourism sector with incentives for healthcare providers and directly oversees that treatments meet the highest standards of care.
• Prime location. Turkey's convenient position makes it especially appealing to patients from Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. It's a place where East meets West, packed with history and beautiful spots that can make your recovery feel more like a mini-vacation. Istanbul's status as the world's most visited city is no accident, with its ancient landmarks and vibrant life drawing people from across the globe.
• Cultural and legal climate. Despite the progressive nature of Turkey's gender clinics, the broader acceptance and legal recognition of transgender rights in Turkey can be inconsistent.

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📸Check out  before-and-after photos of transgender surgeries performed by leading surgeons in Turkey:

• Since sex reassignment surgery encompasses a vast number of procedures varying in complexity, costs vary widely, with the average price range being $3,000-$50,000.
• Top surgery procedures cost between $3,000 and $10,000 , while bottom surgery averages between $6,400 and $25,000 .
• Facial surgeries might cost between $1,000 and $50,000 depending on the type and number of procedures, while voice modification costs range from $5,000 to $9,000 .
• In the US and the UK , top and bottom surgeries can cost up to $20,000 and $75,000 , respectively. In contrast, Thailand and Turkey offer more affordable rates, with top surgery costing about $3,500-$7,600 and bottom surgery priced at $5,000-$22,000 .
• Most insurance companies cover gender-affirming procedures deemed medically necessary. However, specific requirements such as hormone therapy duration and letters of readiness apply.
• Additional out-of-pocket expenses may be necessary for recovery aids, travel, and potential income loss during the recovery process.
• Patients may ease their financial burden by using payment plans, personal and medical credit cards, home equity loans, health accounts, crowdfunding, and grants from supportive organizations.

Related Articles

• Sex Reassignment Surgery Guide: Everything You Need to Know from Preparation to Recovery
• How Much Does Male-to-Female (MTF) Surgery Cost in 2024?
• How Much Does Female-to-Male (FTM) Surgery Cost in 2024?
• How Much Does Top Surgery Cost in 2024?
• How Much Does Facial Feminization Surgery Cost in 2024?
• How Much Does Voice Feminization Surgery Cost in 2024?
• Johns Hopkins Medicine. Gender Affirmation Surgeries. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/gender-affirmation-surgeries
• Healthline. (2022). Everything You Need to Know About Gender Affirming Care. https://www.healthline.com/health/what-is-gender-affirming-care
• The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. (2022). Utilization and Costs of Gender-Affirming Care in a Commercially Insured Transgender Population. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9679590/
• Medical News Today. (2022). Which insurance companies cover gender affirmation surgery and how to apply. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/insurance-companies-that-cover-gender-reassignment-surgery
• Investopedia. (2023). Does Insurance Cover Gender-Affirming Care? https://www.investopedia.com/paying-for-transgender-surgeries-5184794
• Bloomberg. (2015). How Thailand Became a Global Gender-Change Destination. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2015-10-26/how-thailand-became-a-global-gender-change-destination

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Gender Confirmation Surgery (GCS)

What is Gender Confirmation Surgery?

• Transfeminine Tr

Transmasculine Transition

• Traveling Abroad

Choosing a Surgeon

Gender confirmation surgery (GCS), known clinically as genitoplasty, are procedures that surgically confirm a person's gender by altering the genitalia and other physical features to align with their desired physical characteristics. Gender confirmation surgeries are also called gender affirmation procedures. These are both respectful terms.

Gender dysphoria , an experience of misalignment between gender and sex, is becoming more widely diagnosed.  People diagnosed with gender dysphoria are often referred to as "transgender," though one does not necessarily need to experience gender dysphoria to be a member of the transgender community. It is important to note there is controversy around the gender dysphoria diagnosis. Many disapprove of it, noting that the diagnosis suggests that being transgender is an illness.

Ellen Lindner / Verywell

Transfeminine Transition

Transfeminine is a term inclusive of trans women and non-binary trans people assigned male at birth.

Gender confirmation procedures that a transfeminine person may undergo include:

• Penectomy is the surgical removal of external male genitalia.
• Orchiectomy is the surgical removal of the testes.
• Vaginoplasty is the surgical creation of a vagina.
• Feminizing genitoplasty creates internal female genitalia.
• Breast implants create breasts.
• Gluteoplasty increases buttock volume.
• Chondrolaryngoplasty is a procedure on the throat that can minimize the appearance of Adam's apple .

Feminizing hormones are commonly used for at least 12 months prior to breast augmentation to maximize breast growth and achieve a better surgical outcome. They are also often used for approximately 12 months prior to feminizing genital surgeries.

Facial feminization surgery (FFS) is often done to soften the lines of the face. FFS can include softening the brow line, rhinoplasty (nose job), smoothing the jaw and forehead, and altering the cheekbones. Each person is unique and the procedures that are done are based on the individual's need and budget,

Transmasculine is a term inclusive of trans men and non-binary trans people assigned female at birth.

Gender confirmation procedures that a transmasculine person may undergo include:

• Masculinizing genitoplasty is the surgical creation of external genitalia. This procedure uses the tissue of the labia to create a penis.
• Phalloplasty is the surgical construction of a penis using a skin graft from the forearm, thigh, or upper back.
• Metoidioplasty is the creation of a penis from the hormonally enlarged clitoris.
• Scrotoplasty is the creation of a scrotum.

Procedures that change the genitalia are performed with other procedures, which may be extensive.

The change to a masculine appearance may also include hormone therapy with testosterone, a mastectomy (surgical removal of the breasts), hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus), and perhaps additional cosmetic procedures intended to masculinize the appearance.

Paying For Gender Confirmation Surgery

Medicare and some health insurance providers in the United States may cover a portion of the cost of gender confirmation surgery.

It is unlawful to discriminate or withhold healthcare based on sex or gender. However, many plans do have exclusions.

For most transgender individuals, the burden of financing the procedure(s) is the main difficulty in obtaining treatment. The cost of transitioning can often exceed $100,000 in the United States, depending upon the procedures needed.

A typical genitoplasty alone averages about $18,000. Rhinoplasty, or a nose job, averaged $5,409 in 2019.  

Traveling Abroad for GCS

Some patients seek gender confirmation surgery overseas, as the procedures can be less expensive in some other countries. It is important to remember that traveling to a foreign country for surgery, also known as surgery tourism, can be very risky.

Regardless of where the surgery will be performed, it is essential that your surgeon is skilled in the procedure being performed and that your surgery will be performed in a reputable facility that offers high-quality care.

When choosing a surgeon , it is important to do your research, whether the surgery is performed in the U.S. or elsewhere. Talk to people who have already had the procedure and ask about their experience and their surgeon.

Before and after photos don't tell the whole story, and can easily be altered, so consider asking for a patient reference with whom you can speak.

It is important to remember that surgeons have specialties and to stick with your surgeon's specialty. For example, you may choose to have one surgeon perform a genitoplasty, but another to perform facial surgeries. This may result in more expenses, but it can result in a better outcome.

A Word From Verywell

Gender confirmation surgery is very complex, and the procedures that one person needs to achieve their desired result can be very different from what another person wants.

Each individual's goals for their appearance will be different. For example, one individual may feel strongly that breast implants are essential to having a desirable and feminine appearance, while a different person may not feel that breast size is a concern. A personalized approach is essential to satisfaction because personal appearance is so highly individualized.

Davy Z, Toze M. What is gender dysphoria? A critical systematic narrative review . Transgend Health . 2018;3(1):159-169. doi:10.1089/trgh.2018.0014

Morrison SD, Vyas KS, Motakef S, et al. Facial Feminization: Systematic Review of the Literature . Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016;137(6):1759-70. doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000002171

Hadj-moussa M, Agarwal S, Ohl DA, Kuzon WM. Masculinizing Genital Gender Confirmation Surgery . Sex Med Rev . 2019;7(1):141-155. doi:10.1016/j.sxmr.2018.06.004

Dowshen NL, Christensen J, Gruschow SM. Health Insurance Coverage of Recommended Gender-Affirming Health Care Services for Transgender Youth: Shopping Online for Coverage Information . Transgend Health . 2019;4(1):131-135. doi:10.1089/trgh.2018.0055

American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Rhinoplasty nose surgery .

Rights Group: More U.S. Companies Covering Cost of Gender Reassignment Surgery. CNS News. http://cnsnews.com/news/article/rights-group-more-us-companies-covering-cost-gender-reassignment-surgery

The Sex Change Capital of the US. CBS News. http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-3445_162-4423154.html

By Jennifer Whitlock, RN, MSN, FN Jennifer Whitlock, RN, MSN, FNP-C, is a board-certified family nurse practitioner. She has experience in primary care and hospital medicine.

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Gender Reassignment Surgery Cost (MTF & FTM)

Explore the rising demand for gender reassignment surgery worldwide. Learn about the various procedures and their detailed costs in this comprehensive article.

• Transgender Surgery

Gender reassignment surgery cost varies depending on the type of transition. 

• For male to female (MTF) transition, the cost ranges from $2438 to $6095 and  
• For female to male (FTM) transition, the cost falls between $4876 and $9752 .

When considering the cost of gender reassignment surgery, it's important to note that these figures encompass the surgical expenses alone. Additional costs, such as:

• pre-operative consultations
• post-operative care
• hospitalization may also be involved

For a precise cost estimate that aligns with your specific needs, it is highly recommended that you consult reliable healthcare providers or clinics.

Begin with clarity. Contact us for detailed cost insights now.

There are two broad types of gender reassignment surgery : top surgery and bottom surgery. The top surgery is performed for both people assigned female at birth (AFAB) and assigned male at birth (AMAB). 

• Male to female or non-binary (MTF/N): This procedure entails using saline or silicone implants to boost chest size and form for a more feminine or female appearance. Male-to-female top surgery is done under general anesthesia.
• Female to male or non-binary (FTM/N):  During FTM top surgery, breast tissue is removed and the chest is shaped to give the patient a flat, masculine, or male appearance. Following this, a nipple graft is planted to give a complete look .

Before we discuss each service's cost, let's take a quick look at overall transgender surgery costs in different countries.

You must be curious to know the gender change surgery cost of different surgical procedures. Let's read.

What is the Cost of Male-to-Female Top Surgery?

Breast augmentation or augmentation mammoplasty is another name for MTF and MTN top surgery. 

The MTF/N top surgery or breast augmentation surgery cost in India is around USD 1290 to USD 1940 . The surgeon's expertise and experience are two of the most critical aspects that affect the cost.

For the duration of the surgery, you will be put under general anesthesia. Your surgeon may choose different breast augmentation methods depending on your desired chest size, implant kind, and incision site. The average time for MTF and MTN top surgery is 1 to 2 hours .

The insertion cost and the implant cost are the two components of the surgery cost.

Navigating your options?  Contact us today for more information on cost!

What is the cost of female-to-male top surgery?

An FTM or FTN top surgery procedure takes from   1.5 to 4 hours . Various treatments are performed to get a more flat, masculine, or male-looking chest. Double incision, periareolar, and keyhole are the most popular procedures used by surgeons. 

The FTM top surgery cost ranges around USD 3870 .

Now that we have already discussed top surgery costs, let's take a look at how much mtf bottom surgery costs.

AFAB and AMAB people can undergo bottom surgery as part of their gender confirmation process. Bottom surgery involves transforming or reconstructing the bottom or genitalia. This involves Vaginoplasty, penile transplant , phalloplasty, and metoidioplasty.

What is the cost of male-to-female bottom surgery?

Vaginoplasty surgery is the major procedure performed in bottom surgery . There are three main options under Vaginoplasty. Penile inversion, non-penile inversion Vaginoplasty, and recto-sigmoid or colon graft.

The clitoris is moulded from the head/tip of the penis in all three surgical approaches. The Vaginoplasty cost is around USD 3870 to USD 4520.

Now, let's look at female to male bottom surgery cost.

What is the Cost of Female-to-Male Bottom Surgery?

This procedure involves the removal of the female organs in the lower region and reassigning them to male sexual parts. It includes removing the uterus, vaginal remodeling, labia reconstruction, metoidioplasty, and phalloplasty.

The whole procedure may cost somewhere around USD 5160 to USD 10,335 . 

To get a clearer picture of gender reassignment surgery cost, connect with us now .

What is the Cost of Facial Feminization Surgery?

Facial feminization surgery is a technique that involves changing your facial characteristics to make them appear more feminine. FFS is concerned with bone structure and nose shape. FFS is distinct for each person and can affect any part of the face or neck.

The facial feminization surgery cost is USD 1350 . 

What is Hormonal Replacement Cost?

Hormonal replacement therapy is for both MTF/N and FTM/N transitioning.

MTF/N: The hormones for a male-to-female transition enhance the alignment of your gender identity. It helps induce physical changes in your body produced by female hormones during puberty (gender congruence). Male secondary sex traits can be avoided if feminizing hormone therapy like progesterone is initiated before male puberty. The hormonal replacement therapy cost for MTF/N is USD 12/month.

FTM/N: You'll be administered the male hormone testosterone during masculinizing hormone therapy. It suppresses your menstrual cycles and lowers oestrogen synthesis in your ovaries.  The hormonal replacement therapy cost FTM/N is USD 7/month.

To make a more informed decision, talk to us today.

Factors affecting the cost of gender reassignment surgery:

• Hospital charges:  It depends on the type of hospital you choose. Moreover, the cost also depends on whether you are admitted to a general ward or a private room.
• Psychiatrist : If you need a psychiatrist to deal with your physical changes, your cost will impact you. A psychiatrist is recommended to understand better the complex procedures and adjustments you will need before and after your surgery.
• Clinical Experts and Surgeons : You will discuss the specifics of your gender change surgery with your doctor. It includes an assessment of your medical health status, discussing your long-term gender confirmation goals, and evaluating which procedures may be most appropriate to assist you in your journey. You can ask for specific details such as risks, benefits, and what to expect from the surgery.
• Medical Insurance:  Your medical insurance will play an essential role in the procedure, saving you a lot of money.
• Accommodation Charges:  The accommodation charges are included for international patients.
• Medication charges : These charges include all the medication you will receive before and after the procedure ends.
• Pre- and Post-treatment charges:  The pre-treatment charges include doctor consultation fees, diagnosis charges, etc. The post-treatment charges may include medicine costs, doctor's revisit charges, etc.

Your health is too important to ignore –  schedule your appointment now.

Do Insurance Companies Cover Gender Reassignment Surgery?

Yes, insurance companies that cover gender reassignment surgery! There is no legal prohibition for that. Not all employers provide insurance coverage to unmarried or live-in partners of straight employees. But, several organizations nowadays provide medical insurance to their employees' same-sex partners, including coverage for gender-reassignment surgery.

Some independent companies have made it a goal to try and incorporate this coverage into their medical insurance for employees.  

Note: This article is on the cost of gender reassignment surgery, and data about it is only for your informational purposes and is subject to change.  

1. Side effects of gender reassignment surgery

• Infections.
• Side effects of anesthesia.
• Difficulty in urinating.
• Severe complications in intestines.
• Leakage of urine through openings.
• Closure of vaginal opening.

2. Who typically undergoes gender reassignment surgery?

Gender reassignment surgery is typically undergone by individuals who experience gender dysphoria, a condition where an individual's gender identity does not match their assigned sex at birth. It is usually recommended as a last resort after other treatments such as therapy, hormone therapy, and social transition have been tried.

3. What are the types of gender reassignment surgery?

The two main types of gender reassignment surgery are "top surgery," which refers to surgeries that alter the chest and breast area, and "bottom surgery," which refers to surgeries that alter the genital area. Top surgery may involve a mastectomy, breast augmentation, or breast reduction. Bottom surgery may involve genital reconstruction, orchiectomy, metoidioplasty, or phalloplasty. 4. Do the costs vary for different types of gender affirmation procedures? Yes, the cost can vary based on the specific surgeries involved, such as chest or breast augmentation, facial feminization, or genital reconstruction. References: 

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/

Dr. Josef Hadeed Plastic Surgery | Beverly Hills & Los Angeles (josefhadeedmd.com)

The Economic Times: Business News, Personal Finance, Financial News, India Stock Market Investing, Economy News, SENSEX, NIFTY, NSE, BSE Live, IPO News (indiatimes.com)

Market research reports, consulting: Global Market Insights Inc. (gminsights.com)

Transgender surgery – Knowledge gap among physicians impacti... : Current Urology (lww.com)

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/fullarticle/2779429  

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Explore the interactive cost guide below for detailed pricing information on a range of MTF surgeries and compare costs in different countries.

Female to Male (FTM) Surgery Cost in 2024

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Progesterone Transgender: Effects and Considerations

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Question and Answers

48 yaşında bir erkeğim trans birey olarak kadın olmak istiyorum hormon tedavisi istiyorum. hangi ilaçlardan başlamalıyım.

For someone who is 48 years old and seeking to transition from male to female, it's important to consult with an endocrinologist before starting any hormone therapy. They will guide you on the appropriate medications and dosages based on your specific needs. 

Answered on 2nd Aug '24

Dr. Vinod Vij

if I have top surgery without T can I develop pecs if I hit the gym a lot?

If you don't take testosterone or undergo top surgery, you can still build your pecs by lifting weights. Pecs, short for pectoral muscles, can grow with exercises like chest presses and push-ups, which target these muscles. Pace yourself, use the correct form, and be consistent with your workouts. Your pecs can still develop even without testosterone.

Answered on 29th July '24

I'm male and would like to know how to grow breasts without HRT?

Hormones and surgery are the only ways of growing breasts safely. The appearance of women's breasts in some regions is partly dependent on hormones during puberty and pregnancy. Trying to get a larger breast by force can cause some serious medical issues. If you are worried about your body, it's important to talk to a plastic surgeon for safe and honest guidance.

Answered on 22nd Aug '24

I am a 32 years old male who has got into cross dressing some 8 years back, now my urge of being like this has grown, last two years I have been I’m eating dian35 prescribed by a doctor in Malaysia, but now I believe I shall be needing more strong dose since the transformation is already 2 years and can see few changes

It seems like you may be going through some changes about turning into the opposite sex. Understand that these changes are complicated and might need some medical interventions. You might require different amounts of hormones to help you through the process. Talk about what is bothering you and your symptoms with a doctor who can help you figure out the best way forward.

Answered on 18th July '24

Namaste , I am a transgender and I am feeling desperate about my facial hair and tried many ways to reduce facial hair but my hairs are growing continuously. I want to know solution

For transgender individuals, hormone therapy can often help reduce facial hair growth. It's important to consult with an endocrinologist , who specializes in hormone-related conditions, for personalized advice and treatment options. They can guide you on the best course of action tailored to your needs.

Answered on 10th July '24

Transgender Surgery Hospitals In Other Cities

Transgender surgery hospitals in delhi, transgender surgery hospitals in ahmedabad, transgender surgery hospitals in bangalore, transgender surgery hospitals in mumbai, transgender surgery hospitals in pune, transgender surgery hospitals in chennai, transgender surgery hospitals in hyderabad, transgender surgery hospitals in kolkata, top related speciality doctors in other cities, gynecologist/obstetrician in delhi, gynecologist/obstetrician in ahmedabad, gynecologist/obstetrician in bangalore, gynecologist/obstetrician in mumbai, gynecologist/obstetrician in pune, gynecologist/obstetrician in chennai, gynecologist/obstetrician in hyderabad, gynecologist/obstetrician in kolkata, plastic surgeon in delhi, plastic surgeon in ahmedabad.

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• Our location & team

This is also known as sex-reassignment surgery or gender-reassignment surgery. These surgeries help patients’ physical appearance and function, as well as resemble their identified gender.

The surgery can be divided into “top surgery” and “bottom surgery.”

• “Top surgery” creates breasts for male-to-female transgender patients or removes breasts for female-to-male transgender patients.
• “Bottom surgery” for male-to-female transgender patients includes removing male genitalia and creating female genitalia.
• “Bottom surgery” for female-to-male transgender patients includes creating male genitalia from one’s own tissues or using of implants in combination with one’s own tissue.

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NEWS... BUT NOT AS YOU KNOW IT

Katie Price’s X-rated shower video leaked online and she’s ‘devastated’

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Katie Price has been left reeling as an explicit video of her naked in the shower has been leaked online. 

The former glamour model has long been a top earner on the adult content site Only Fans , where fans can pay £11.77 per month to see her content, with the option to pay more for special requests. 

One of these special requests led Price to strip down and record herself in the shower, but she later discovered the video was circulating online without her knowledge. 

The news comes amid Katie’s ongoing financial and legal issues, which have been escalating since she was declared bankrupt in 2019. 

A source told The Sun about the leaked video: ‘Katie is really upset that one of her videos has been leaked.

‘She’s been charging people to see special content and now it’s free for all to see.

‘Katie puts a lot into her work so it’s tough to see people taking advantage of her like this.’

Katie’s OnlyFans income, which comes to approximately £2.2million a year, has become all the more important for the reality star after she was ordered to pay 40% of her monthly income from the site to the trustee of her bankruptcy until February 2027.

The news of the leak comes after Price found herself under scrutiny after she failed to turn up to her last court date in July while she was in Turkey getting ‘£10,0000 worth’ of cosmetic surgery .

On her return , she was arrested at Heathrow Airport and ordered to ensure she appears for all future court appearances.

She was later bailed out and soon after turned up to court to face further questioning on her bankruptcy.

She was set to face questioning from barristers in a specialist bankruptcy court in a public examination, but a judge adjourned the hearing after her lawyers asked for her to attend a ‘private interview’ with lawyers representing the trustee of her bankruptcies. 

The move was reportedly made to protect Katie’s ‘well being’ and mental health.

The court appearance was also one of the first times Price publicly revealed the results of her latest cosmetic surgery, having previously gone under the knife 17 times for boob jobs alone .

She’s also had cheek filler, lip filler, rhinoplasty, veneers, and six facelifts , the latter of which she had done in Turkey for a reported £10,000 recently – a trip she went on with her rumoured fiance JJ Slater, 31. 

While abroad in Turkey, Katie and JJ were photographed together with Katie wearing an enormous ring on her engagement finger.

They were even seen shopping for wedding dresses , causing many fans to speculate about the pair’s engagement.

The Married at First Sight Star and Katie first started dating back in February and have been seemingly inseparable ever since. 

If Katie and JJ are engaged, this will mark her ninth engagement.

Katie was previously married to Kieran Hayler (2013-2018), Peter Andre (2005-2009), and Alex Reid (201-2012).

She and Kieran share children Jett, 10, and Bunny, nine, and she has Junior, 19, and Princess, 17, with Peter.

Katie is also a mum to Harvey, 22, whose dad is ex-footballer Dwight Yorke.

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MORE : Katie Price fears dying during surgery after receiving eerie warning

MORE : Katie Price’s ex-husband Alex Reid attends her bankruptcy hearing as court makes decision

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Gynaecologist.

Ms Eleni Mavrides

Consultant in obstetrics and gynaecology.

Miss Sarita Vamadeva

Mr Damir Kosutic

Miss Melanie Tipples

Obstetrician - gynaecologist.

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