essay upsc question paper

UPSC Essay Topic wise Question Papers of last 31 years (1993-2023) for Civil Services IAS/IPS Exam Free Download

In the UPSC mains examination, essay paper is worth 250 marks and three hours. Here is the topic wise questions from the earlier years for the benefit of civil service IAS IPS aspirants.

1.1 India Since Independence

1.2 federalism, decentralization, 1.3 administration, 1.4 judiciary, 1.5 poverty, social justice, 1.6 indian society, culture and values, 1.7 media, tv & cinema, literature, 2.1 growth vs development, 2.2 environment vs development, 2.4 sectors of economy, 3.1 values in education, 3.2 scheme implementation, 3.3 higher education, 4.1 character, honesty, ethics, 4.2 knowledge, 4.3 compassion, 4.4 truth and reality, 4.5 youth, discipline, 4.6 towards excellence, 5.1 @national politics, 5.2 @world / quote type, 5.3 empowerment overall, 5.4 compared to men, 6.1 globalization, 6.2 international org./ bilateral, 6.3 security, 6.4 history, 7.1 science and religion, 7.2 science and education, 7.3 computer and internet, 7.4 sci-tech: others, appendix: linear paper of upsc essay 2023, appendix: linear paper of upsc essay 2022, appendix: model answer pe free lecture & powerpoint, appendix: syllabus of essay paper in upsc, 1 india: democracy, administration, society, culture.

• Is the Colonial mentality hindering India’s Success? -2013
• In the context of Gandhiji’s views on the matter, explore, on an evolutionary scale, the terms ‘Swadhinata’, ‘Swaraj’ and ‘Dharmarajya’. Critically comment on their contemporary relevance to Indian democracy -2012
• Dreams which should not let India sleep. -2015
• Why should we be proud of being Indians? -2000
• Whither Indian democracy? -1995
• How far has democracy in India delivered the goods? -2003
• What we have not learnt during fifty years of independence. -1997
• What have we gained from our democratic set-up? -2001
• My vision of India in 2001 a.d. -1993
• Impact of the new economic measures on fiscal ties between the union and states in India. -2017
• Water disputes between States in federal India. -2016
• Cooperative federalism : Myth or reality. -2016
• Creation of smaller states and the consequent administrative, economic and developmental implication -2011
• Evaluation of panchayati raj system in India from the point of view of eradication of power to people. -2007
• Water resources should be under the control of the central government. -2004
• The language problem in India: its past, present and prospects. -1998
• There are better practices to “best practices”. -2021
• How should a civil servant conduct himself? -2003
• Politics without ethics is a disaster. -1995
• The VIP cult is a bane of Indian democracy -1996
• Need for transparency in public administration -1996
• The country’s need for a better disaster management system. -2000
• Politics, bureaucracy and business – fatal triangle. -1994
• We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws. -2017
• Justice must reach the poor -2005
• Judicial activism and Indian democracy. -2004
• Judicial activism. -1997
• A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity. (- जिस समाज में अधिक न्याय होता है उस समाज को दान की कम आवश्यकता होती है।) – 2023
• There can be no social justice without economic prosperity but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless (बिना आर्थिक समृद्धि के सामाजिक न्याय नहीं हो सकता, किन्तु बिना सामाजिक न्याय के आर्थिक समृद्धि निरर्थक है ) -2020
• Neglect of primary health care and education in India are reasons for its backwardness. -2019
• The focus of health care is increasingly getting skewed towards the ‘haves’ of our society. -2009
• Food security for sustainable national development -2005
• Reservation, politics and empowerment. -1999
• Culture is what we are, civilization is what we have (जो हम है, वह संस्कार; जो हमारे पास है, वह सभ्यता ) -2020
• Indian culture today: a myth or a reality? -2000
• Modernism and our traditional socio-ethical values. -2000
• The composite culture of India. -1998
• The Indian society at the crossroads. -1994
• From traditional Indian philanthropy to the gates-buffet model-a natural progression or a paradigm shift? -2010
• New cults and godmen: a threat to traditional religion -1996
• Biased media is a real threat to Indian democracy. -2019
• Responsibility of media in a democracy. -2002
• Role of media in good governance -2008
• Does Indian cinema shape our popular culture or merely reflect it? -2011
• How has satellite television brought about cultural change in Indian mindsets? -2007
• Is sting operation an invasion on privacy? -2014
• Mass media and cultural invasion. -1999
• The misinterpretation and misuse of freedom in India. -1998
• Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world (कवि संसार के अनधिकृत रूप से विधायक होते हैं) – 2022

2 Economy, Development

• Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere. -2018
• Digital economy: A leveller or a source of economic inequality. -2016
• Innovation is the key determinant of economic growth and social welfare. -2016
• Near jobless growth in India: An anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms. -2016
• Crisis faced in India – moral or economic. -2015
• Was it the policy paralysis or the paralysis of implementation which slowed the growth of our country? -2014
• GDP (Gross Domestic Product) along with GDH (Gross Domestic Happiness) would be the right indices for judging the wellbeing of a country-2013
• Can capitalism bring inclusive growth? -2015
• Resource management in the Indian context. -1999
• Economic growth without distributive justice is bound to breed violence. -1993
• Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence (आर्थिक समृद्धि हासिल करने के मामले में वन सर्वोत्तम प्रतिमान होते हैं।) – 2022
• Alternative technologies for a climate change resilient India. -2018
• Should a moratorium be imposed on all fresh mining in tribal areas of the country? -2010
• Urbanisation and its hazards -2008
• Protection of ecology and environment is essential for sustained economic development. -2006
• Urbanization is a blessing in disguise. -1997
• Ecological considerations need not hamper development. -1993
• Globalization would finish small-scale industries in India. -2006
• Multinational corporations – saviours or saboteurs -1994
• Special economic zone: boon or bane -2008
• Is the criticism that the ‘Public-Private-Partnership’ (PPP) model for development is more of a bane than a boon in the Indian context, justified ?-2012
• Farming has lost the ability to be a source of subsistence for majority of farmers in India. -2017
• BPO boom in India. -2007
• Tourism: Can this be the next big thing for India? -2014
• Are our traditional handicrafts doomed to a slow death? -2009

3 Education

• Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in – school. (- शिक्षा वह है जो विद्यालय में विधालय में सीखी गई बातों को भूल जाने के बाद भी शेष रह जाती है।)
• Destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms. -2017
• Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make a man more clever devil-2015
• Independent thinking should be encouraged right form the childhood. -2007
• Are the standardized tests good measure of academic ability or progress? -2014
• Irrelevance of the classroom. -2001
• Is the growing level of competition good for the youth? -2014
• Literacy is growing very fast, but there is no corresponding growth in education. -1996
• Is an egalitarian society possible by educating the masses ? -2008
• What is real education? -2005
• “Education for all” campaign in India: myth or reality. -2006
• Restructuring of Indian education system. -1995
• Privatization of higher education in India. -2002
• Credit – based higher education system – status, opportunities and challenges -2011

4 Quote based, Philosophy, Ethics

• A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities (हर असमंजस के लिए मुस्कराहट ही चुनिन्दा साधन है) – 2022
• Philosophy of wantlessness is a Utopian, while materialism is a chimera. -2021
• Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me. -2021
• Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication (सरलता चरम परिष्करण है ) -2020
• Ships don’t sink because of water around them ships sink because of water that gets into them (जहाज अपने चारों तरफ के पानी के वजह से नहीं डूबा करते, जहाज पानी के अंदर समां जाने की वजह से डूबता हैं ) -2020
• Life is a long journey between being human and being humane.  (मनुष्य होने और मानव बनने के बीच का लम्बा सफर ही जीवन है)-2020
• Values are not what humanity is, but what humanity ought to be -2019
• Best for an individual is not necessarily best for the society -2019
• Courage to accept and dedication to improve are two keys to success -2019
• Wisdom finds truth -2019
• A people that values its privileges above its principles loses both. -2018
• Customary morality cannot be a guide to modem file. -2018
• Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils breed. -2016
• Character of an institution is reflected in its leader. -2015
• With greater power comes greater responsibility. -2014
• Words are sharper than the two-edged sword. -2014
• Attitude makes, habit makes character and character makes a man. -2007
• He would reigns within himself and folds his passions and desires and fears is more than a king. -1993
• Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. (- सोच एक खेल की तरह है, यह तब तक शुरू नहीं होता है जब तक कि एक विपरीत टीम/पक्ष न हो।) – 2023
• Mathematics is the music of reason. (- गणित ज्ञान का संगीत है।) – 2023
• The real is rational and the rational is real. -2021
• Mindful manifesto is the catalyst to a tranquil self (विचारपरक संकल्प स्वयं के शांतचित्त रहने का उत्प्रेरक है )-2020
• ‘The past’ is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values. -2018
• A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge. -2018
• There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so. -2003
• Disinterested intellectual curiosity is the lifeblood of civilisation. -1995
• Joy is the simplest form of gratitude. -2017
• Compassion is the basic of all morality of the world -1993
• Lending hands to someone is better than giving a dole. -2015
• Be the change you want to see in others (Gandhi)-2013
• Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right (केवल इसलिए कि आपके पास विकल्प हैं, इसका यह अर्थ कदापि नहीं है कि उनमें से किसी को भी ठीक होना ही होगा) – 2022
• Reality does not conform to the ideal, but confirms it. -2018
• Truth is lived, not taught -1996
• When money speaks, the truth is silent. -1995
• Search for truth can only be a spiritual problem. -2002
• The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining (छप्पर मरम्मत करने का समय तभी होता है, जब धूप खिली हुई हो) – 2022
• You cannot step twice in the same river (आप उसी नदी में दोबारा नहीं उतर सकते) – 2022
• Discipline means success, anarchy means ruin -2008
• Youth is a blunder, manhood a struggle, old age a regret -1994
• If youth knew, if age could. -2002
• Youth culture today. -1999
• Fifty Golds in Olympics: Can this be a reality for India? -2014
• Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic. (- दूरदर्शी निर्णय तभी लिए जाते है अंतर्ज्ञान और तर्क का परस्पर मेल होता है।) – 2023
• Not all who wander are lost. (- भटकने वाले सभी गुम नहीं हो जाते।) – 2023
• Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane (- रचनात्मकता की प्रेरणा अलौकिक ता में चमत्कार ढूंढने के प्रयास से उपजति है) – 2023
• A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for (जहाज बन्दरगाह के भीतर सुरक्षित होता है, परन्तु इसके लिए तो वह होता नहीं है) – 2022
• Quick but steady wins the race. -2015
• Useless life is an early death. -1994
• Our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds. -1995
• The paths of glory lead but to the grave. -2002
• The pursuit of excellence. -2001

5 Women empowerment

• Greater political power alone will not improve women’s plight. -1997
• Women’s reservation bill would usher in empowerment for women in India. -2006
• The new emerging women power: the ground realities. -1995
• Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world. -2021
• If women ruled the world -2005
• The hand that rocks the cradle -2005
• Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality (पितृ-सत्ता की व्यवस्था नजर मैं बहुत काम आने के बावजूद सामाजिक विषमता की सबसे प्रभावी संरचना है) -2020
• Fulfilment of ‘new woman’ in India is a myth. -2017
• If development is not engendered, it is endangered. -2016
• Whither women’s emancipation? -2004
• Empowerment alone cannot help our women. -2001
• Women empowerment: challenges and prospects. -1999
• Woman is god’s best creation. -1998
• Men have failed: let women take over. -1993
• Managing work and home – is the Indian working woman getting a fair deal ?-2012

6 International issues, Internal Security, History

• South Asian societies are woven not around the state, but around their plural cultures and plural identities. -2019
• Modernisation and westernisation are not identical concepts. -1994
• ‘globalization’ vs. ‘nationalism’ -2009
• National identity and patriotism -2008
• Globalizations and its impact on Indian culture. -2004
• The masks of new imperialism. -2003
• As civilization advances culture declines. -2003
• The implications of globalization for India. -2000
• My vision of an ideal world order. -2001
• India’s contribution to world wisdom. -1998
• The world of the twenty-first century. -1998
• Preparedness of our society for India’s global leadership role. -2010
• Technology as the silent factor in international relations (अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संबंधों मैं मौन करक के रूप मैं प्रौद्योगिकी) -2020
• Has the Non-Alignment Movement (NAM) lost its relevance in a multipolar world ? -2017
• Restructuring of UNO reflect present realities -1996
• The global order: political and economic -1993
• India’s role in promoting ASEAN co-operation. -2004
• Importance of Indo-US nuclear agreement -2006
• Management of Indian border dispute is a complex task. -2018
• In the Indian context , both human intelligence and technical intelligence are crucial in combating terrorism -2011
• Are we a ‘soft’ state ? -2009
• Good fences make good neighbours -2009
• Is autonomy the best answer to combat balkanization? -2007
• Terrorism and world peace -2005
• True religion cannot be misused. -1997
• History repeats itself, first as tragedy, second as farce. -2021
• Geography may remain the same ; history need not. -2010

7 Science-Technology

• Spirituality and scientific temper. -2003
• Science and Mysticism : Are they compatible ?-2012
• What is research, but a blind date with knowledge! -2021
• Modern technological education and human values. -2002
• Value-based science and education. -1999
• The march of science and the erosion of human values. -2001
• The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced. -2021
• Rise of Artificial Intelligence: the threat of jobless future or better job opportunities through reskilling and upskilling. -2019
• ‘Social media’ is inherently a selfish medium. -2017
• Cyberspace and Internet : Blessing or curse to the human civilization in the long run -2016
• Increasing computerization would lead to the creation of a dehumanized society. -2006
• The cyberworld: its charms and challenges. -2000
• Computer: the harbinger of silent revolution. -1993
• Technology cannot replace manpower. -2015
• Science and technology is the panacea for the growth and security of the nation-2013
• The modern doctor and his patients. -1997
• The lure of space. -2004

Section-A (write any one)

• Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team. (- सोच एक खेल की तरह है, यह तब तक शुरू नहीं होता है जब तक कि एक विपरीत टीम/पक्ष न हो।)
• Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic. (- दूरदर्शी निर्णय तभी लिए जाते है अंतर्ज्ञान और तर्क का परस्पर मेल होता है।)
• Not all who wander are lost. (- भटकने वाले सभी गुम नहीं हो जाते।)
• Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane (- रचनात्मकता की प्रेरणा अलौकिक ता में चमत्कार ढूंढने के प्रयास से उपजति है)

Section-B (write any one)

• Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands – two equally harmful disciplines. (-लड़कियां बंदिशों के तथा लड़के अपेक्षा के बोझ तले दबे हुए होते हैं दोनों ही समान रूप से हानिकारक व्यवस्थाएं हैं।)
• Mathematics is the music of reason. (- गणित ज्ञान का संगीत है।)
• A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity. (- जिस समाज में अधिक न्याय होता है उस समाज को दान की कम आवश्यकता होती है।)

Answer one-one essay from each section in 1000-1200 words

• History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man (इतिहास वैज्ञानिक मनुष्य के रूमानी मनुष्य पर विजय हासिल करने का एक सिलसिला है।) – 2022
• A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for (जहाज बन्दरगाह के भीतर सुरक्षित होता है, परन्तु इसके लिए तो वह होता नहीं है) & 2022
• Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right (केवल इसलिए कि आपके पास विकल्प हैं, इसका यह अर्थ कदापि नहीं है कि उनमें से किसी को भी ठीक होना ही होगा) – 2022

Essay: Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. They will be expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

Table of Contents

Essay (UPSC Mains) – Previous Year Questions

• Thinking is like a game; it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.
• Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.
• Not all who wander are lost.
• Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane.
• Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands — two equally harmful disciplines.
• Mathematics is the Music of Reason.
• A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity.
• Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.

Value based / Ethical Issues

• A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities.
• Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right.

Philosophical

• The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.
• You can not step twice in the same river.
• A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for.

Miscellaneous / Mixed

• Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence. (Environment / Economics)
• Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world ( Literature / Socio-political-economic impacts)
• History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man ( History / Values / Philosophy)
• Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me.
• Philosophy of wantlessness is Utopian, while materialism is a chimera.
• The real is rational and the rational is real.
• Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.

History / Culture

• History repeats itself, first as a tragedy, second as a farce.

Science and Technology

• What is research, but a blind date with knowledge!
• There are better practices to “best practices”. ( Multiple Themes )
• The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced. ( Philosophy / Technology)
• Life is long journey between human being and being humane.
• Mindful manifesto is the catalyst to a tranquil self.
• Ships do not sink because of water around them; ships sink because of water that gets into them.
• Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.
• Culture is what we are, civilization is what we have.

Social Issues

• There can be no social justice without economic prosperity but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless.
• Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality.
• Technology as the silent factor in international relations ( Technology / International Relation ).
• Values are not what humanity is, but what humanity ought to be.
• Courage to accept and dedication to improve are two keys to success.
• Wisdom finds truth.
• South Asian societies are woven not around the state, but around their plural cultures and plural identities.
• Best for an individual is not necessarily best for the society.
• Neglect of primary health care and education in India are reasons for its backwardness.

Science & Technology

• Rise of Artificial Intelligence: the threat of jobless future or better job opportunities through reskilling and upskilling.
• Biased media is a real threat to Indian democracy.
• A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge.
• A people that value its privileges above its principles lose both.
• “The past’ is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values.
• Customary morality cannot be a guide to modern life.
• Reality does not conform to the ideal, but confirms it.
• Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere.

Environment

• Alternative technologies for a climate change resilient India.

IR & Security

• Management of Indian border disputes – a complex task.
• Joy is the simplest form of gratitude.
• Fulfilment of ‘new woman’ in India is a myth.
• Social media is inherently a selfish medium Domain.
• Has the Non- Alignment Movement (NAM) lost its relevance in a multi-polar world Domain.
• Farming has lost the ability to be a source of subsistence for majority of farmers in India Domain. ( Agriculture )
• Impact of the new economic measures on fiscal ties between the union and states in India Domain.
• Destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms.

Polity & Governance

• We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws Domain.
• Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils breed.
• If development is not engendered, it is endangered.
• Cyberspace and internet: Blessing or curse to the human civilization in the long run Domain.
• Near jobless growth in India: An anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms.
• Water disputes between states in federal India Domain.
• Cooperative federalism: Myth or reality India.
• Digital economy: A leveller or a source of economic inequality. ( Technology / Economy)
• Innovation is the key determinant of economic growth and social welfare Domain. ( Technology / Economy / Social Sector)
• Character of an institution is reflected in its leader.
• Lending hands to someone is better than giving a dole.
• Quick but steady wins the race.
• Technology cannot replace manpower.
• Can capitalism bring inclusive growth?
• Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make a man more clever devil. ( Education / Ethics)
• Crisis faced in India – moral or economic. ( Morality / Economics)
• With greater power comes greater responsibility.
• Words are sharper than the two-edged sword.
• Is sting operation an invasion on privacy?
• Was it the policy paralysis or the paralysis of implementation which slowed the growth of our country?
• Tourism: Can this be the next big thing for India?
• Is the growing level of competition good for the youth?
• Are the standardized tests, good measure of academic ability or progress?
• Dreams which should not let India sleep. ( Multiple themes )
• Fifty Gold’s in Olympics: Can this be a reality for India? ( Sports / Governance )
• Be the change you want to see in others – Gandhiji
• Science and technology is the panacea for the growth and security of the nation.
• GDP (Gross Domestic Product) along with GDH (Gross Domestic Happiness) would be the right indices for judging the well-being of a country.
• Is the Colonial mentality hindering India’s Success? ( History / Culture / Growth & Development / Ethics )

• UPSC Essay Paper pdf  

UPSC Essay Question Paper 2021

• UPSC Essay Question Paper 2021 [PDF Format]

UPSC Essay Question Paper 2020

• UPSC Essay Question Paper 2020 [PDF Format]

UPSC Essay Question Paper 2019

• UPSC Essay Question Paper 2019 [PDF Format]

UPSC Essay Question Paper 2018

Time Allowed: 3 hours

• Alternative technologies for a climate change resilient India
• A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge
• Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere
• Management of Indian border disputes – a complex task
• Customary morality cannot be a guide to modern life
• “The past’ is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values
• A people that values its privileges above its principles loses both
• Reality does not conform to the ideal, but confirms it

IAS (Main) written Essay paper 2017

• Farming has lost the ability to be a source of subsistence for majority of farmers in India.
• Impact of the new economic measures on fiscal ties between the union and states in India.
• Destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms.
• Has the Non- Alignment Movement(NAM) lost its relevance in a multipolar world.
• Joy is the simplest form of gratitude.
• Fulfillment of ‘new woman’ in India is a myth.
• We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws.
• Social media is inherently a selfish medium.

IAS Essay paper 2016

• If development is not engendered, it is endangered
• Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils breed
• Water disputes between states in federal India
• Innovation is the key determinant of economic growth and social welfare
• Cooperative federalism: Myth or reality
• Cyberspace and internet: Blessing or curse to the human civilization in the long run
• Near jobless growth in India: An anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms
• Digital economy: A leveller or a source of economic inequality

UPSC Essay Question paper 2015

• Lending Hands to someone is better than giving a dole.
• Quick but steady wins the race.
• Character of an institution is reflected in its leader.
• Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make a man more clever.
• Technology cannot replace manpower.
• Crisis faced in India moral or economic.
• Dreams which should not let India sleep.
• Can capitalism bring inclusive growth ?

IAS (Main) written Essay paper 2014

• With greater power comes greater responsibility.
• Is the growing level of competition good for the youth?
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UPSC Prelims Question Papers of Last 10 Years

UPSC Prelims Question Papers are crucial to understand the pattern of this exam. Check out the questions from 2019 to 2023, along with analysis, exam patterns, and preparation strategies, and challenge yourself to unlock the exam's secrets.

The UPSC Prelims Question Papers consists of two papers: one is General Studies Paper 1,  and the other is General Studies Paper 1 CSAT (Civil Services Aptitude Test). . The Prelims exam serves as a screening test for the comprehensive selection process conducted by the UPSC to recruit candidates for various civil service and other group A and B positions. After prelims, candidates have to appear for the UPSC CSE Mains and Personality Test (interview). UPSC Prelims question papers are crucial as they assess candidates’ knowledge and aptitude for civil services. 

UPSC Prelims Question Papers Syllabus

The UPSC Prelims question papers consist of two objective-type papers, each carrying equal weightage (200 marks).   General Studies Paper-I (GS Paper-I) is the core paper, testing a candidate’s comprehensive understanding of various subjects. It covers a vast syllabus encompassing current events, Indian history, polity, geography, social issues, science and technology, and economic development. This paper demands a well-rounded knowledge base and the ability to connect dots across diverse disciplines.

General Studies Paper-II (CSAT), also known as the Civil Service Aptitude Test, focuses on assessing a candidate’s aptitude in crucial areas. This paper evaluates a candidate’s reasoning abilities, analytical skills, decision-making capabilities, and problem-solving prowess. These skills are essential for success in the civil service, making Paper-II a vital hurdle to overcome.

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UPSC Prelims Syllabus

Here’s the breakdown of topics that the UPSC Preliminary Examination question paper covers:

UPSC Prelims Question Papers Pattern

Two papers of the UPSC CSE Preliminary Examination are held on the same day. Both papers are composed of multiple-choice, objective type questions . The preliminary examination aims to select candidates for the main examination. Although the marks obtained at this stage are not considered for the final merit list, candidates should prepare thoroughly for this exam as the cut-offs can be unpredictable and are based on the average score every year. Below are the specifics of the UPSC Prelims question pattern:

Important Note: It is mandatory for the candidate to appear in both papers of the preliminary examination for the purpose of evaluation; otherwise, the candidate will be disqualified in case he/she does not appear in both papers of the Civil Services (Prelim) Examination.

Here’s how the Preliminary Examination is structured:

UPSC Question Paper Previous Year Paper Download

Here is a list of previous year questions asked in the last few years of exam:

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Types of Question Asked in UPSC Prelims Question Paper

Let us see the various range of questions asked in both papers of the UPSC Prelims.

UPSC Prelims Question Papers: Analysis of Question being Asked Over the Years

UPSC Prelims Question Papers Analysis: Decoding Every Section

Upsc question paper general studies paper 2.

The General Studies Paper-II, also known as CSAT, focuses on assessing your core abilities that are essential for success in various fields, not just academics. Here’s a breakdown of what each section tests:

• Comprehension: This section checks your ability to read and understand different types of passages, such as news articles, editorials, or reports. You’ll need to grasp the main ideas, identify key points, and draw inferences based on the information presented.
• Interpersonal Skills including Communication Skills:  Imagine yourself working with a team or interacting with others. This section assesses how well you communicate with people, build rapport, and handle situations effectively. It also considers your ability to listen actively, express yourself clearly, and resolve conflicts constructively.
• Logical Reasoning and Analytical Ability: Can you spot patterns? Do you enjoy puzzles? This section evaluates your ability to think logically and analyze information. You might encounter questions that involve identifying relationships between things, drawing logical conclusions, and solving problems using a step-by-step approach.
• Decision-Making and Problem Solving: Life throws curveballs sometimes. This section tests your ability to make sound decisions when faced with challenges. You’ll need to consider different options, weigh their pros and cons, and choose the most effective course of action.
• General Mental Ability: This section assesses your overall mental agility and critical thinking skills. You might encounter questions related to basic mathematics, data interpretation (understanding information presented in charts and graphs), and quick thinking.

Let’s examine the pattern of questions posed in the UPSC CSAT Paper II. This trend analysis will provide insights into the distribution of marks allocated to each section of the question paper, aiding candidates in understanding the weightage associated with each.

Tips and Strategies for Cracking the UPSC Prelims Question Paper

The UPSC Prelims can feel like a marathon, but with the right approach, you can conquer it! Here are some effective strategies to help you ace the exam:

• Time Management Techniques: The UPSC Prelims is a race against the clock. Develop a time management strategy that works for you. Practice dividing time between sections based on your strengths and weaknesses. Remember, it’s better to attempt questions you’re confident about and leave the rest than to get stuck on one section and miss out on others.
• Prioritization of Topics: The UPSC syllabus is vast. Focus on understanding the weightage of each topic and prioritizing your study time accordingly. Familiarize yourself with high-scoring areas and ensure a solid foundation in core subjects. Don’t neglect less-covered topics entirely, but allocate less time to them.
• Practice Mock Tests: Mock tests are invaluable tools. They help you simulate the actual exam environment, identify your strengths and weaknesses, and refine your time management skills. Analyze your performance after each mock test, understand where you went wrong, and revise those areas thoroughly.
• Effective Revision Strategies: Revision is key to retaining information. Develop a revision plan that works for you. Use flashcards, mind maps, or short notes to condense important concepts. Regularly revisit your study material to refresh your memory and ensure you’re exam-ready.

Common Mistakes to Avoid While Tackling UPSC Prelims Question Papers

• Neglecting NCERTs and Basic Books: NCERT books are the foundation for UPSC preparation. Don’t underestimate their importance. Build a strong understanding of core concepts before diving into advanced materials.
• Overlooking Previous Year Papers: Previous year papers offer valuable insights into the UPSC’s question-setting pattern and the level of difficulty. Analyze these papers to understand the types of questions asked, recurring themes, and the weightage given to different topics.
• Focusing Exclusively on One Section: The UPSC Prelims require a well-rounded understanding of all sections. Don’t neglect any section in your preparation. While you may have strengths and weaknesses, aim for a balanced approach to maximize your score.
• Ignoring Current Affairs: Current affairs are an integral part of the UPSC Prelims. Stay updated with national and international events, along with their social, economic, and political implications. Develop the habit of reading reliable news sources daily.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is the upsc prelims very tough, is csat tough to crack, how does the upsc prelims examination play a role, how is the upsc prelims cut off calculated.

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UPSC Mains 2021 Essay Question Paper - Download PDF

The UPSC Mains 2021 was conducted on 7th, 8th, 9th, 15th and 16th January 2022. The Essay paper has been conducted on 7th January 2022 in the forenoon session (9 AM to 12 PM). 

The Mains (Written) Examination consists of nine papers in total. The first stage, that is, Prelims, was conducted on October 10, 2021. 

UPSC Mains 2021 Essay Question Paper:- Download PDF Here

Download compulsory language papers from the links below:

• UPSC Mains 2021 Indian Language Paper PDF
• UPSC Mains 2021 English Language Paper PDF

To download all question papers of UPSC Mains 2021 from the linked article. 

UPSC 2021 Mains Essay Question Paper PDF

In the UPSC Essay paper, there are two sections, namely Section A and Section B. Each section consists of four questions. The aspirants have to choose one topic from each section and in total have to answer 2 essay questions. Each essay question has to be answered with a word limit ranging from 1000-1200 words. One essay question has been awarded 125 marks and the total marks allotted to the essay paper is 250 marks. This paper is counted for merit ranking. 

The Essay Topics asked in the UPSC Mains 2021 are given below:

• The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced.
• Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me.
• Philosophy of wantlessness is Utopian, while materialism is a chimera.
• The real is rational and the rational is real.
• Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.
• What is research, but a blind date with knowledge!
• History repeats itself, first as a tragedy, second as a farce.
• There are better practices to ‘best practices’.

Some of the useful links for the candidates to prepare for an essay paper are as follows:

The candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. While answering the essay questions, the aspirants are expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in an orderly manner and to write concisely. It is important to remember that credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

To download the question paper PDFs of General Studies papers, the aspirants can check the links below:

The candidates can also download the question paper PDFs of UPSC Mains 2021 Optional Paper from the linked article. 

UPSC Mains 2021 Essay Paper:- Download PDF Here

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NDA Question Paper 2024 Download

Upsc nda 1 exam pattern 2024.

• Mathematics - This section generally covers topics from the Class 10+2 Mathematics syllabus, including Algebra, Trigonometry, Calculus, Geometry, Statistics, etc. The difficulty level is generally moderate.
• General Ability Test (GAT) -  This section assesses the overall knowledge and aptitude. It encompasses various subjects like English, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, History, Geography, Current Affairs, General Science, Logic, and Reasoning.

NDA NDA 1 Selection Process 2024

Selected candidates in the written exam will be called for the SSB Interview. The declaration of the result is expected in May or June 2024.

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UPSC CDS Question Paper 2024, Get Download PDF of All Set

Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) conducted the CDS exam on April 21, 2024, in offline mode. Check Out CDS Question Paper 2024, Download PDF

Table of Contents

Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) CDS exam occurred on 21 April 2024. The exam was conducted in offline mode. The Combined Defence Service Exam (CDS) is conducted twice yearly to fill various vacancies for competent officers in the Indian Air Force, Indian Military Academy, Indian Naval Academy, and Officer Training Academy. Download the CDS Exam 2024 paper from this article.

CDS Question Paper 2024

Union Public Services Commission (UPSC) will publish the CDS exam 2024 question papers on the official UPSC website. The CDS 2024 question papers will be available for download in the form of PDF files on upsc.gov.in. You can also get the CDS Question paper 2024 in this article.

UPSC CDS 1 Question Paper 2024 PDF

The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) conducted the CDS exam on April 21, 2024, in offline mode. As per the official exam pattern released by UPSC for the CDS exam 2024, the written exam for IMA, INA, and AFA consists of three papers: General Knowledge, English Language, and Elementary Mathematics. Each paper is two hours long, for a total of six hours. Each of the three papers is worth 100 marks.

How to Download CDS 1 Question Paper?

Candidates aspiring for the CDS exam can easily download the question papers for the year 2024 from the UPSC website by following these simple steps:

• Visit the UPSC official website: Navigate to upsc.gov.in.
• Navigate to Question Papers: Look for the “Examinations” tab and click on the “Question Papers” link.
• Search for CDS 2024 Papers: Find and select the CDS question papers for the year 2024.
• Download the Papers: Click on the respective papers (General Knowledge, English Language, and Elementary Mathematics) to open them.
• Save for Future Reference: Download and save the PDF files of the question papers for your reference and preparation.

CDS 1 Exam 2024 Analysis 

The CDS Exam Analysis 2024 provides a comprehensive breakdown of the exam’s difficulty level, question distribution, and suggested good attempts for each section. Let’s delve deeper into each section:

English Paper Exam Analysis for CDS 1

• Timing : Held from 9 AM to 11 AM.
• Question Types : The English section covered various aspects including sentence arrangement, prepositions, ordering of sentences, fill in the blanks, synonyms, antonyms, idioms and phrases, spotting errors, among others.
• Difficulty Level : The English paper was reported to be moderate, though lengthy.
• Suggested Good Attempts : Aim for 70-75 good attempts.

General Knowledge (GS) Paper Exam Analysis for CDS

• Timing : Conducted in the afternoon from 12 PM to 2 PM.
• Question Types : Covered topics such as current affairs, history (modern and medieval), geography, polity, science (chemistry, physics, biology), economics, and defense.
• Difficulty Level : Ranged from moderate to difficult.
• Suggested Good Attempts : Around 73-78 good attempts are recommended.

Mathematics Paper Exam Analysis for CDS

• Timing : Held in the afternoon from 3 PM to 5 PM.
• Question Types : Covered various mathematical topics including the number system, geometry, mensuration, trigonometry, algebra, time speed and distance, mean-median-mode, simple interest/compound interest, time and work, clock, percentage, profit/loss, and mixture.
• Difficulty Level : Reported as difficult.
• Suggested Good Attempts : Target around 63-67 good attempts.

Overall, the CDS 1 Exam 2024 had a moderate to difficult difficulty level across all sections. Candidates are advised to aim for approximately 85 to 90 good attempts collectively across all three subjects to maximize their chances of scoring well. This analysis provides valuable insights for aspirants to gauge their performance and strategize accordingly.

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CDS Question Paper FAQs

What type of questions are asked in cds.

Objective type – Multiple choice questions (MCQs)

Is CDS easier than NDA?

If we compare both entries written examinations. CDS written is easier then NDA written examination.

Does GK questions repeat in CDS?

Yes, sometimes questions do get repeated in the CDS exam. However, the UPSC does not directly repeat the question word for word; instead, the basic part gets repeated. For example, you can SEE questions on Article 32 in different years framed differently.

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UPSC CSE Mains 2017 Essay Question Paper

Last updated on September 22, 2023 by ClearIAS Team

Table of Contents

Instructions:  Write  two  essays, choosing  one  from each of the following Section A and B, in about 1000-1200 words. 2*125 = Total 250 Marks.

Section – A

• Farming has lost the ability to be a source of subsistence for majority of farmers in India.
• Impact of the new economic measures on fiscal ties between the union and states in India.
• Destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms.
• Has the Non- Alignment Movement (NAM) lost its relevance in a multipolar world?

Section – B

• Joy is the simplest form of gratitude.
• Fulfillment of ‘new woman’ in India is a myth.
• We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws.
• Social media is inherently a selfish medium.

Post your analysis and feedback about the question paper in the comment section below. You may compare the essay questions asked in 2017 mains with those of questions of 2016 mains as well.

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Reader Interactions

October 28, 2017 at 4:53 pm

I Find Section A Tough,Still I Would Have Gone With Question No 3.and In Section B With Question No 1.

No More Stress Only Blessings For All. Keep Learning and Keep Growing…..!!!

November 15, 2017 at 3:47 am

Do your best & leave the rest! I also choose the same!

November 15, 2017 at 7:02 am

Wish You The Same.

God Bless You With Love and Peace……!!!

October 28, 2017 at 5:46 pm

Wau. ..I have found all the questions great!!not so hard as I thought 😐😐😐

October 29, 2017 at 1:01 am

Please tell me Gitaji, where you practiced essays writing from? And good luck for next upcoming paper.

July 14, 2019 at 2:37 pm

From where u do the practice of essays please tell me this is the 1st time for me i will give exam

October 28, 2017 at 11:00 pm

wow. so superb subject given in the essays in this paper.

October 29, 2017 at 6:11 pm

you are right , I wrote on number 1 in section 1 and 3 in section 2

October 29, 2017 at 6:42 pm

Alka section A essays are easy but how to deal with section B type essays

November 15, 2017 at 3:52 am

It’s not the context, it’s content! Don’t go for odds my friends, try to do evens also! ‘PUSH THE PACE’

Go with for/against both perspective in an essay! Write the bulletin! Explain the point! START WITH THE PROGRESSING HEIGHTS (BUILDING UR EMOTIONS) & END WITH A POSITIVE CONCLUSION..

Enough 2 score 70% in any essay!

November 15, 2017 at 8:26 am

I found sec B difficult..I would have gone for Ques 4 in sec A and ques 2 in sec B..

June 17, 2018 at 2:34 pm

Sir I am a student B. Com and I want ias please gave me information study materials

July 1, 2018 at 9:59 am

sir , i am b.com second year student and want to prepare for IAS .i don’t know where to start .please tell me

July 8, 2019 at 10:14 pm

Sir I am going to prepare for UPSC but still not sure that this is the only thing I want,as there is no other option left for me after graduation I have to prepare for it but people say do what your heart says,here I want to ask a question that is it really important to have a very clear aim before preparing for it, people like me who are unsure about their aim can’t prepare for UPSC????

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[MISSION 2024] Insights SECURE : Daily UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practice: 24 April 2024

Click on EACH question to post/upload you answers.

How to Follow Secure Initiative?

How to self-evaluate your answer , mission – 2023: yearlong timetable, join ipm 4.0 to get an assured review of 2 secure answers everyday, general studies – 1.

Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography.

1. The expansion of glacial lakes in the Indian Himalayan river basins has significant implications for both local communities and broader climate change adaptation strategies. Examine. (150 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate

Reference: The Hindu

Why the question: The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1. Key Demand of the question: To write about the impact of expansion of glacial lakes. Directive word:   Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications. Introduction:  Begin by giving context and statistic related to the above. Body: First, write about the impact of the above – Increased risk of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs), Water resource management and Ecological impacts etc. Next, write about the measures that are needed in the mitigate the above – proactive monitoring, water management, and international cooperation to mitigate risks and enhance resilience etc. Conclusion: Conclude by writing a way forward.

General Studies – 2

Topic: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.

2. As global temperatures rise, permafrost is thawing at an accelerated rate, leading to a variety of environmental, social, and economic consequences. Examine. (250 words)

Reference: Down to Earth

Why the question: Increasing temperatures thawing permafrost, exposing substantial quantities of organic carbon and atmospheric release of greenhouse gases. Key Demand of the question: To write about permafrost, its global distribution and impact of its thawing. Directive word:   Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications. Structure of the answer: Introduction:  Begin by defining permafrost. Body: First, with a map, show the major areas of the world that are covered with permafrost. Next, write about the thawing of permafrost under the impact of global warming. Next, write about the impact of thawing of permafrost – Thawing permafrost can raise water levels in Earth’s oceans and increase erosion, resurrecting trapped pathogens, giving rise to potential public health threats etc. Conclusion: Conclude by writing a way forward to handle the above challenges.

Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.

3. Expanding eligibility for health insurance is crucial for ensuring broader access to healthcare services. However, affordability is equally important to ensure that individuals can actually utilize their insurance coverage. Discuss. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Tough

Why the question: The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI), the apex regulator of insurance products, has asked companies to enable a wide demographic of citizens to benefit from health insurance. Key Demand of the question: To write about the importance of making insurance more eligible and affordable. Directive word:   Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments. Structure of the answer: Introduction:  Begin by mentioning statistic related to insurance penetration in the country. Body: First, write about the various bottlenecks in insurance penetration in the country. Suggest reforms to ensure the that insurance is accessible and affordable by all. Conclusion: Conclude with a way forward.

General Studies – 3

Topic: Security challenges and their management in border areas – linkages of organized crime with terrorism.

4. Against the backdrop of a rising cross-border terrorism over the past two decades, discuss the ways in which India can improve its security to prevent terror attacks from its neighbouring countries. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Easy

Reference: Insights on India

Why the question: The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2024 Secure timetable. Key Demand of the question: To write about the characteristics of grassland ecosystems and the impact of various threats to it. Directive word:  Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments. Structure of the answer: Introduction:  Begin by giving context. Body: First, write about how cross-border terrorism often originates from or is supported by neighboring countries, the historical and geopolitical factors that may hinder security cooperation with certain neighbours. Discuss issues related to trust deficit, conflicting interests, and sovereignty concerns that pose challenges to regional security collaboration. Next, write about the steps that are needed to prevent the same. Conclusion: Conclude by writing a way forward.

Topic: Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.

5. The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act of 1958 (AFSPA) is a controversial law that has been a subject of criticism and debate, with arguments both in favor of its retention and for its repeal. Analyse. (250 words)

Why the question: The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2024 Secure timetable. Key Demand of the question: To comment as to whether or not AFSPA be repealed. Directive word:  Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. Structure of the answer: Introduction:  Begin by writing about aims of AFSPA. Body: First, mention the broad features of AFSPA. Next, giving context of killing of innocent civilians and other instances of its misuse. Mentions pros and cons of AFSPA. Conclusion: Conclude by commenting on the action that India must take with regards to AFSPA.

General Studies – 4

Topic: challenges of corruption.

6. Successfully tackling corruption is a catalyst for positive transformation across various sectors. It creates a virtuous cycle where increased public trust, economic development, and social justice reinforce each other, leading to a more equitable, stable, and prosperous society. Elaborate. (250 words)

Why the question: The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4. Key Demand of the question:  To write about the importance of fighting corruption. Directive word: Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts. Structure of the answer: Introduction:  Begin by giving importance of having a corruptionless public service delivery. Body: Write about the importance of fighting corruption – creates jobs, achieves gender equality, and secures wider access to essential services such as healthcare and education etc. Substantiate with examples. Conclusion: Conclude by mentioning various

Topic: Work culture.

7. Leadership should exemplify ethical behaviour and demonstrate a commitment to integrity. Discuss. (150 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate.

Why the question: The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of Mission-2024 Secure. Key Demand of the question: To write about components of ethical workplace and ways to build it. Structure of the answer: Introduction: Start by describing the ethical work culture. Body: Write about the major components of ethical work culture – priority to employee rights, fair procedures, and equity in pay and promotion, and that promotes tolerance, compassion, loyalty and honesty in the treatment of customers and employees. Next, write about ways to build ethical workplace culture and environment. Conclusion: Conclude by summarising.

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NDA Question Paper 2024 Download UPSC Paper 1 and Paper 2 Papers Here

img src="https://img.jagranjosh.com/images/2024/April/2142024/upscndaquestionpaper-min.jpg" width="1200" height="675" />

 UPSC NDA Question Paper 2024: The Union Public Service Commission has successfully conducted the  NDA Exam I on 21 April 2024. Candidates who appeared in the exam can download the question paper provided by the candidates. The exam was started at 10 AM and was conducted till 12:30 PM. This question paper is helpful for the candidates who are going to appear in the second shift i.e. from 2 PM to 4:30 PM.

NDA Question Paper 2024 Download

The question paper consists of 2 subjects i.e. Mathematics and General Ability Test. The candidates can download UPSC NDA Paper 1 Question Paper and UPSC NDA Paper 2 Question Paper through the table given below:

UPSC NDA 1 Exam Pattern 2024

The written exam will have two papers. Paper 1 is Maths 300 marks while paper 2 is General Ability Test 600 marks. 2 and a half hours will be given to complete the exam. The question paper is designed to assess the candidate’s academic knowledge, mental aptitude, and overall suitability for a career in the Indian Armed Forces. The candidates can check the important topics under the exam below:

• Mathematics - This section generally covers topics from the Class 10+2 Mathematics syllabus, including Algebra, Trigonometry, Calculus, Geometry, Statistics, etc. The difficulty level is generally moderate.
• General Ability Test (GAT) -  This section assesses the overall knowledge and aptitude. It encompasses various subjects like English, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, History, Geography, Current Affairs, General Science, Logic, and Reasoning.

NDA NDA 1 Selection Process 2024

Selected candidates in the written exam will be called for the SSB Interview. The declaration of the result is expected in May or June 2024.

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