college admission application letter for criminology

Application Letter For Criminology

When applying for a criminology position, a well-written application letter can significantly enhance your chances of securing the job. This article will provide you with a comprehensive guide on how to write an effective application letter that highlights your qualifications, skills, and passion for criminology. By following these step-by-step instructions and incorporating key elements into your letter, you can create a compelling document that grabs the attention of potential employers and sets you apart from other applicants.

Table of Contents

Research the Position and Organization

Before you begin writing your application letter, it is crucial to thoroughly research the position and the organization you are applying to. Understand the specific requirements, responsibilities, and qualifications sought by the employer. Familiarize yourself with the organization’s mission, values, and any recent accomplishments. This research will help you tailor your letter to the needs and goals of the organization, demonstrating your genuine interest and commitment.

Format and Structure

An application letter for a criminology position should follow a professional and organized structure. Begin with a formal salutation, addressing the recipient by name if possible. Use a clear and concise font, such as Arial or Times New Roman, and maintain a standard business letter format.

The structure of your letter should include the following sections:

• Introduction: Start with a strong opening paragraph that grabs the reader’s attention and clearly states the purpose of your letter.
• Body: Divide the body into several paragraphs, each focusing on a specific point. Highlight your relevant qualifications, skills, and experiences, and explain how they align with the requirements of the position. Provide specific examples to support your claims.
• Conclusion: Summarize your key points, express your enthusiasm for the opportunity, and request an interview or further consideration.

Personalize Your Letter

Make your application letter stand out by personalizing it to the organization and position. Use the organization’s name and address the recipient directly. Tailor your letter to highlight how your skills and experiences align with the specific needs of the criminology field. Avoid generic statements and demonstrate your understanding of the challenges and responsibilities associated with the role.

Show Passion and Motivation

Criminology positions require individuals who are passionate about the field and committed to making a positive impact. Use your letter to showcase your enthusiasm and dedication. Explain why you are interested in criminology and how your personal and professional experiences have influenced your decision to pursue a career in this field. Share any relevant volunteer work, internships, or research projects that demonstrate your commitment to understanding and addressing the complexities of crime and justice.

Highlight Relevant Qualifications and Experiences

In this section, emphasize your qualifications and experiences that directly relate to criminology. Highlight your academic achievements, including degrees, certifications, or specialized training. Discuss any relevant coursework, research projects, or thesis work that showcases your knowledge in the field. Additionally, mention any practical experiences, such as internships, fieldwork, or volunteer positions, that have provided you with hands-on exposure to criminology concepts and practices.

Showcase Key Skills

Criminology positions require a range of skills, and your application letter should highlight those that are most relevant to the role. Some essential skills to emphasize include critical thinking, problem-solving, analytical abilities, research skills, communication skills, and the ability to work well under pressure. Provide specific examples of how you have utilized these skills in previous experiences and explain how they would benefit you in the criminology position you are applying for.

Proofread and Edit

Before submitting your application letter, ensure it is error-free and professionally written. Proofread for grammar, spelling, and punctuation mistakes. Pay attention to the overall clarity and coherence of your writing. Consider seeking feedback from a trusted friend or mentor to get a fresh perspective. A well-edited and error-free letter demonstrates your attention to detail and professionalism.

Application Letter For Criminology Example #1

Dear [Recipient’s Name],

I am writing to express my strong interest in the position of [Criminology Position] at [Organization Name], as advertised on [Source of Job Posting]. With a deep passion for criminology and a commitment to making a positive impact in the field of criminal justice, I believe that my qualifications and experiences align perfectly with the requirements of the position.

I recently graduated from [University Name] with a [mention degree or major] in Criminology. Throughout my academic journey, I have developed a solid understanding of the theories, concepts, and methodologies that underpin the study of crime and justice. My coursework has equipped me with a comprehensive knowledge of criminal law, criminal behavior, forensic psychology, and research methods in criminology.

During my studies, I actively sought opportunities to apply my knowledge in real-world settings. I had the privilege of interning at [mention relevant organization or agency], where I assisted in various criminal investigations, conducted interviews with witnesses, and analyzed crime scene evidence. These experiences have honed my practical skills and enhanced my ability to work effectively within the criminal justice system.

Additionally, I have developed strong research and analytical skills through my participation in research projects and academic conferences. I conducted an in-depth study on the impact of rehabilitation programs on recidivism rates, which allowed me to analyze complex data, draw meaningful conclusions, and present my findings to a diverse audience.

What sets me apart as a candidate is my dedication to understanding the social factors that contribute to crime and my commitment to promoting justice and equality. I firmly believe in the importance of addressing the root causes of criminal behavior and implementing evidence-based strategies for crime prevention and rehabilitation.

Furthermore, my excellent communication and interpersonal skills enable me to effectively collaborate with diverse stakeholders, including law enforcement agencies, community organizations, and individuals impacted by crime. I am fluent in [mention relevant languages] and have experience working in multicultural environments, which allows me to connect with individuals from different backgrounds and establish rapport.

I am impressed by [Organization Name]’s commitment to [mention organization’s mission or values], and I am excited about the opportunity to contribute to your efforts in promoting safety, justice, and social change. I am confident that my knowledge, skills, and passion for criminology make me an ideal fit for the [Criminology Position] at [Organization Name].

I would welcome the opportunity to discuss my qualifications further and demonstrate my enthusiasm for joining your team. Thank you for considering my application. I have attached my resume, which provides additional details about my educational background, relevant coursework, practical experiences, and skills.

Please feel free to contact me at your convenience via email at [Your Email Address] or by phone at [Your Phone Number]. I look forward to the possibility of contributing to [Organization Name]’s mission and making a meaningful impact in the field of criminology.

Thank you for your time and consideration.

[Your Name]

Application Letter For Criminology Example #2

I am writing to apply for the position of [Criminology Position] at [Organization Name]. With a strong academic background in criminology and a genuine passion for promoting justice and safety, I am confident in my ability to contribute to the valuable work being done by your organization.

I recently graduated from [University Name] with a Bachelor’s degree in Criminology. During my studies, I immersed myself in various criminological theories, criminal justice policies, and research methodologies. This academic foundation has provided me with a well-rounded understanding of the complexities of crime and the importance of evidence-based approaches in addressing societal issues.

Throughout my academic journey, I have actively sought practical experiences to complement my theoretical knowledge. I had the opportunity to intern at [Relevant Organization or Agency], where I assisted in criminal investigations, conducted interviews with suspects and witnesses, and participated in crime scene analysis. These experiences have not only sharpened my investigative skills but have also reinforced my commitment to seeking truth and justice.

In addition to my hands-on experiences, I have developed strong research and analytical capabilities. I have conducted independent research projects on topics such as the effectiveness of community policing initiatives and the impact of rehabilitation programs on reducing recidivism rates. These projects required me to collect and analyze data, critically evaluate existing literature, and present my findings in a clear and concise manner.

Beyond my academic and practical experiences, I possess excellent communication and interpersonal skills. I have effectively collaborated with individuals from diverse backgrounds, including law enforcement officers, legal professionals, and community members. I am adept at building rapport, actively listening, and fostering a supportive environment that encourages collaboration and cooperation.

I am inspired by [Organization Name]’s commitment to [mention organization’s mission or values], particularly in areas such as crime prevention, victim advocacy, and social justice. I firmly believe in the importance of working collectively to address the root causes of crime and create safer communities. I am eager to contribute my knowledge, skills, and enthusiasm to support your organization’s endeavors.

Thank you for considering my application. I have attached my resume, which provides further details on my educational background, relevant coursework, practical experiences, and skills. I would welcome the opportunity to discuss how my qualifications align with the requirements of the [Criminology Position] at [Organization Name]. I am available for an interview at your convenience.

Please feel free to contact me via email at [Your Email Address] or by phone at [Your Phone Number]. Thank you for your time and consideration.

Application Letter For Criminology Example #3

I am writing to express my strong interest in the position of [Criminology Position] at [Organization Name]. As a dedicated and motivated individual with a solid academic foundation and practical experience in the field of criminology, I am confident in my ability to contribute effectively to your organization’s mission.

I recently graduated with honors from [University Name] with a Bachelor’s degree in Criminology. Throughout my academic journey, I have developed a deep understanding of various criminological theories, criminal justice systems, and societal factors influencing crime. My coursework has equipped me with the necessary knowledge to analyze and interpret complex issues related to crime prevention, law enforcement, and rehabilitation.

In addition to my academic achievements, I have gained practical experience through internships and volunteer work. I had the opportunity to intern at [Relevant Organization], where I actively participated in criminal investigations, conducted interviews with victims and witnesses, and assisted in the preparation of case reports. This hands-on experience allowed me to apply my theoretical knowledge in real-world scenarios, enhancing my problem-solving skills and attention to detail.

Furthermore, my research efforts have contributed to the field of criminology. I conducted an independent research project on the impact of restorative justice programs on reducing recidivism rates. Through extensive data collection, analysis, and literature review, I was able to identify the positive effects of victim-offender mediation and develop recommendations for the implementation of such programs.

Beyond my technical skills, I possess strong interpersonal and communication abilities. I am adept at building rapport with individuals from diverse backgrounds, actively listening to their perspectives, and fostering positive relationships. I believe effective collaboration and teamwork are essential in addressing complex issues in the field of criminology.

I am particularly drawn to [Organization Name]’s commitment to [mention organization’s mission or values]. Your organization’s emphasis on community engagement, evidence-based practices, and social justice aligns perfectly with my own values and aspirations. I am excited about the opportunity to contribute to your ongoing efforts in creating safer communities and promoting equal access to justice.

Thank you for considering my application. I have attached my resume, which provides further details on my educational background, practical experiences, and skills. I would welcome the opportunity to discuss how my qualifications align with the requirements of the [Criminology Position] at [Organization Name] in more detail. I am available for an interview at your convenience.

Final Thoughts

Writing an effective application letter for a criminology position requires careful thought and preparation. By following the steps outlined in this article, you can create a compelling letter that highlights your qualifications, skills, and passion for the field. Remember to personalize your letter, showcase your relevant experiences, and demonstrate your enthusiasm for making a difference in the field of criminology. Good luck with your application!

About Mr. Greg

Mr. Greg is an English teacher from Edinburgh, Scotland, currently based in Hong Kong. He has over 5 years teaching experience and recently completed his PGCE at the University of Essex Online. In 2013, he graduated from Edinburgh Napier University with a BEng(Hons) in Computing, with a focus on social media.

Mr. Greg’s English Cloud was created in 2020 during the pandemic, aiming to provide students and parents with resources to help facilitate their learning at home.

Whatsapp: +85259609792

[email protected]

Criminologist Cover Letter Examples & Writing Tips

Use these Criminologist cover letter examples and writing tips to help you write a powerful cover letter that will separate you from the competition.

Table Of Contents

• Criminologist Example 1
• Criminologist Example 2
• Criminologist Example 3
• Cover Letter Writing Tips

Criminologists study the nature, extent, cause, and control of crime. They use this information to develop theories about crime and to help law enforcement agencies solve crimes.

To land a job as a criminologist, you need to have a strong academic background and extensive experience in the field. In addition, you must be able to communicate complex information in a clear and concise manner.

Use these examples and tips to write a criminologist cover letter that will help you stand out from the competition.

Criminologist Cover Letter Example 1

I am excited to be applying for the Criminologist position at the Federal Bureau of Investigation. I have a Master’s degree in Criminology and more than five years of experience working in the criminal justice system. I am passionate about using my skills and knowledge to help solve crimes and protect the public.

I have worked in a variety of roles in the criminal justice system, including as a Crime Scene Investigator, a Probation Officer, and most recently as a Detective. In each of these roles, I have gained valuable experience in conducting investigations, interviewing suspects and witnesses, and preparing reports. I am also proficient in using various software programs used by law enforcement, including but not limited to, MS Excel, Word, and PowerPoint.

I am a highly motivated individual who is always looking for new ways to improve my skills and knowledge. I am excited about the opportunity to join the FBI and use my skills and experience to help protect the public. I look forward to meeting with you to discuss this opportunity further.

Criminologist Cover Letter Example 2

I am writing to apply for the Criminologist position that was recently advertised on your website. I am confident that I have the skills and qualifications that you are looking for, and I am eager to put my experience to work for your company.

I have been working as a Criminologist for the past three years and have gained a wealth of experience in the field. I have a deep understanding of the criminal justice system and the latest trends in criminology. I am also well-versed in the latest research and theories in the field.

I am a highly effective communicator and have a proven track record of working well with others. I have strong interpersonal skills and I am able to build relationships with clients, colleagues, and other professionals. I am also able to manage multiple projects simultaneously and meet deadlines.

I am confident that I can be a valuable asset to your company and I look forward to the opportunity to discuss this further with you. Thank you for your time and consideration.

Criminologist Cover Letter Example 3

I am writing to express my interest in the criminologist position that you have posted. I believe that my education and experience make me an excellent candidate for this position.

I have a Master of Science degree in Criminology from the University of Michigan, where I also earned my Bachelor of Arts degree in Sociology. My graduate studies focused on the relationship between crime and social structure, as well as the role of criminal justice institutions in society. I also completed coursework in statistics and research methods.

My undergraduate studies focused on the sociology of deviance, which has been a valuable background for my work in criminology. I have always been interested in how people become criminals, and how they are treated by society after they commit crimes. This interest led me to study criminology, which is the scientific study of crime and its causes.

I have worked as a research assistant at the University of Michigan’s Institute for Social Research since graduating with my master’s degree last year. My duties included conducting surveys and analyzing data for various projects. I was also responsible for managing the data collected by other researchers.

I am confident that my skills in research and analysis would be an asset to your department. I am also very comfortable working with computers, which is necessary for most criminological research. Finally, I am very interested in the field of criminology, and I enjoy learning about new developments in the field.

I would appreciate the opportunity to meet with you to discuss my qualifications in person. Thank you for your time and consideration.

Criminologist Cover Letter Writing Tips

1. highlight your skills.

When writing a cover letter for a criminologist position, it’s important to highlight your skills and experience. Some of the best ways to do this include:

• Listing the different criminology theories you are familiar with.
• Detailing the research methods you are comfortable using.
• Describing the types of data you are able to analyze.
• Outlining the different software programs you are able to use.

2. Customize your cover letter

Just as you would for any other job application, it’s important to tailor your cover letter specifically for the criminologist role you are applying for. This means highlighting the skills and experience that make you the best candidate for the job.

For example, if the job listing mentions that the ideal candidate has experience in conducting interviews, be sure to mention any interviews you have conducted in the past. If the company is looking for someone with experience in data analysis, be sure to list the different types of data you have analyzed in the past.

3. Showcase your passion for criminology

In your cover letter, it’s important to show hiring managers that you have a passion for criminology. One way to do this is by explaining why you became interested in the field of criminology in the first place. You can also talk about your goals for your career in criminology, and how you plan to use your skills and experience to make a positive impact in the field.

4. Proofread your cover letter

Just like with any other job application, it’s important to proofread your cover letter for mistakes. This is your chance to make a good first impression, so make sure everything is perfect before submitting your application.

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Criminology Personal Statement Examples

What is a criminology personal statement?

Your criminology personal statement is a way to sell yourself to the university admissions tutors, explaining why you want to study this subject and why you would make a great student.

Therefore, it’s vital to spend as much time as possible writing your criminology personal statement.

This means starting early (usually the summer holidays, in July or August), and reading through lots of criminology personal statement examples for inspiration (please see above).

How do I write a criminology personal statement?

As a future crimnology student, it's crucial to provide examples of everything you mention to back up your claims. This includes any skills, experience, academic achievements and relevant hobbies/extracurricular activities.

Most students start their crimonology personal statement with why they want to study this subject, and what makes them passionate about it.

Reading through our crimonology personal statement examples above will help you understand how students have successfully applied for this course in the past.

Try to start your statement with an attention-grabbing opening that will make tutors want to read to the end. Doing some brainstorming and thinking about all your skills and experience will help with this.

What should I include in my criminology personal statement?

• It's important your statement covers everything that is appropriate, such as achievements, work experience, personal traits/skills, hobbies and activities outside of school, and career plans.
• To make sure you do this, we recommend you brainstorm and write down as many notes as you can before you start writing. This way, you won't miss anything out.
• Skills you may want to focus on include analytical, maths, communication and attention to detail.
• Talk about what you hope to do with your crimonology degree in the future, e.g. do you want to become a police officer, forensic science technician, or crime scene investigator? Students often tend to round off their statement with their career plans and ambitions once they have completed their studies.

For more help and advice on what to write in your criminology personal statement, please see:

• Personal Statement Editing Services
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• The 15th January UCAS Deadline: 4 Ways To Avoid Missing It
• Personal Statement FAQs
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• 10 Top Personal Statement Writing Tips
• What To Do If You Miss The 15th January UCAS Deadline.

What can I do with a criminology degree?

There are many different career options available to those wishing to study crimonology, including:

• Crime scene investigator
• Police officer
• Probation officer
• Social worker
• Youth worker

However, there are other industries and job roles where a crimonology degree could be useful, such as:

• Charity officer
• Social researcher.

For more information about criminology careers, please see Prospects and the National Careers Service .

What are the best UK universities for criminology?

Currently, the best UK universities for crimonology are:

For more information about UK university rankings for criminology, please see The Guardian and UK Uni .

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B.A., Criminal and Social Justice

This flexible B.A. program explores the intersection of criminal and social justice through the lenses of psychology, sociology, and data analysis. In addition to studying the foundations of the criminal justice system, students analyze systemic issues such as addiction, race, gender, and violence to understand the social and economic roots of crime and identify ethical approaches to addressing them.

Taught by experts in the field of criminal justice—including attorneys, police chiefs, academics, and practitioners—the program combines in-depth study of criminal law and criminology with electives on social change, psychology, and sociology. Boston College’s Jesuit tradition of inquiry and service prepares graduates to help build an ethical, rehabilitative criminal justice system.

Explore B.A. Programs

Core curriculum.

A distinguishing characteristic of liberal arts education is a required core curriculum. The Bachelor of Arts programs require the following core courses:

• The Examined Life
• 2 English courses: - College Writing - Literary Works or other core literature course
• 2 Philosophy courses (one of which should be an Ethics course)
• 2 Theology courses 
• 2 Social Science courses
• 2 History courses (1 must be non-Western)
• 1 Quantitative Reasoning course
• 1 Natural Science course
• 1 Arts course
• 1 Cultural Diversity Course
• Designing Your Career

Major Requirements

Additional electives: Select 4 courses (2 courses from Social and Systemic Challenges in Criminal Justice and 2 from Interdisciplinary Courses).

Learning Outcomes

• Appraise the power dynamics of policy, social norms and biases in determining how criminal laws are made and enforced.
• Apply established and emerging psychological and sociological theories to explain criminal behavior.
• Identify and propose interdisciplinary approaches to resolve critical criminal and social justice issues, recognizing that these issues are both evolving and contested, as demonstrated in real-life case studies.
• Employ oral and written communication to effectively interact within a variety of audiences and contexts.
• Articulate the competing ethical issues surrounding criminality and punishment and advocate for a course of action informed by ethical principles that serve the common good.
• Explain the roles of the key components of the criminal justice system: law enforcement, the courts, and corrections.
• Integrate historic social, cultural, legal, economic, and political events into a coherent explanation of the current state of American institutions.
• Distinguish the constitutional protections of people who are suspected to have committed a crime, those who are accused of having committed a crime, and those who are convicted.
• Explain how legislation and judicial decisions affect criminal justice policies and practices.
• Apply criminal and constitutional law to specific facts employing legal reasoning skills

The B.A. in Criminal and Social Justice prepares students to work in fields and roles such as:  

Social work, corrections, community and victim advocacy, law enforcement, nonprofit sector.

Applications are accepted on a rolling basis. 

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Start Your Application

If you are mailing hard copies of application materials, please send them to:

Boston College Woods College of Advancing Studies Admissions Office St. Mary's Hall South 140 Commonwealth Avenue Chestnut Hill, MA 02467

* Current Woods College Undergraduate   degree students interested in adding a certificate to their plan of study should  not  use the online application. 

Declare your certificate here

Academic transcripts

Submit the following:.

• Official high school transcript with degree conferral date or official GED
• Official college transcript(s) from all previously attended colleges or universities

If you have been conferred your associate's degree, you may submit an  Attestation Form  in lieu of an official high school transcript. The completed form can be sent to  wcasadm@bc.edu . 

Please mail transcripts to : Boston College Woods College of Advancing Studies Admissions Office St. Mary's Hall South 140 Commonwealth Avenue Chestnut Hill, MA 02467

If your academic institution provides electronic transcripts please indicate  wcasadm@bc.edu  as the recipient.

Applicants whose Native language is not English are required to  demonstrate English language proficiency , for required scores, visit our International Student page.

International Student page

To be uploaded to your online Application Form.

Please submit one essay by responding to one of the topics listed below. The essay should be typewritten, double-spaced, and should be limited to 500 – 750 words in length.

The essay is essential to the Admissions Committee as it allows the committee to assess your personal goals, your reasons for choosing the program to which you are applying, your commitment to your educational goals, and your writing ability. 

• Discuss your reason(s) for applying to the B.A. program at the Woods College of Advancing Studies at this time. Support your reasons with specific examples.
• Discuss your academic goals and how they apply to your planned career and/or life goals.

The essay must be uploaded as part of your online application.

Application Fee

Application fee: $45

• Paid through online application.

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Letters of recommendation.

Two letters of recommendation are required. Letters must be sent directly from the recommender through our online application portal or sent directly to Woods College ( wcasadm@bc.edu ).

Please note: Letters of recommendation should be provided by recommenders who can speak to your professional or academic abilities.

If you are having difficulty securing a second letter of recommendation, please email wcasadm@bc.edu to schedule an interview with the Associate Director of Undergraduate Admissions. This interview will serve in lieu of the second letter of recommendation.

1. Demonstrated English Language Proficiency required (minimum TOEFL score of 90-100)

For additional information about scores, visit our  International Student page .

2. Interview

For all international students and non-native English speakers, interviews are conducted as part of the application process.

The purpose of the interview is for the admission committee to gain a better sense of an applicant and how the program fits his or her academic and vocational needs. Additionally, the interview provides the committee an opportunity to assess a student’s specific information and to address the unique needs one may have in transitioning to Boston College.  The interview will last no more than 15 minutes.  Interviews will only be scheduled once an application has been submitted.

3. Transcript Evaluation

All students who have, or are currently attending, an institution outside of the United States must provide a detailed, course-by-course transcript evaluation indicating the following:

For BA applicants: conferral of a secondary school degree that is equivalent to a U.S. high school’s degree from an accredited institution.

For MS applicants: conferral of an undergraduate degree that is equivalent to a U.S. bachelor’s degree from an accredited institution.

This evaluation is not just an English translation, but a document provided by an accredited evaluating agency that shows all grades, course titles, credit hours, United States degree equivalency, grade-point average (GPA), and date of degree conferral. This detailed, course-by-course transcript evaluation must be submitted to complete the application.

Please request a detailed, course-by-course transcript evaluation for all international institutions where a degree was conferred from one of the following agencies:

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For financial aid and scholarship information, please click the link below.

Financial Aid and Scholarship Information

Schedule an appointment with an admissions counselor through our online calendar. 

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Apply for Undergraduate Admission

The Office of Undergraduate Admissions  manages online   applications   to the   university   and provides the most   comprehensive information   on the application process. The   admissions   office also provides the latest   information   on application deadlines and  university scholarships   for S.C.   residents   and   nonresidents.   So whether you are   applying   as a freshman, are looking to transfer to South   Carolina   or are planning to come to   Columbia   from   another   USC campus, you can  check the requirements  based on your current status and  apply now .

Apply to Graduate School

The Graduate School  coordinates online applications to our master's and doctoral programs. There may be supporting materials that are required along with your online application for graduate admission, so be sure to review the degree requirements  before you apply.

Prospective applicants to Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice graduate programs must meet specific criteria, deadlines, and requirements to apply for admission. Questions about graduate assistantships should be directed to Brandon Applegate, [email protected] . 

Master's in Criminology and Criminal Justice

Prospective students applying to the M.A. program must possess a baccalaureate degree from an accredited college or university. An undergraduate degree in criminology, criminal justice, or a related social science is desirable. 

Admissions to the M.A. program is competitive and based on the merits of the application materials.

In addition to meeting all the requirements of the University’s Graduate School, applicants must submit the following materials  directly  to the Graduate School:

• University application  through the Graduate School website, including a  statement of interest and study or career objectives  (500-750 words). This statement should describe the applicant's interests in the criminology and criminal justice field and goals or objectives for the applicant's degree and career.
• Two letters of academic reference  from faculty members or other persons qualified to evaluate the applicant’s abilities to undertake graduate‐level studies.
• Test scores   obtained within the last five years on the Miller Analogies Test (MAT), Graduate Record Examination (GRE ‐ both verbal and quantitative sections of the general exam), or Law School Admission Test (LSAT).
• Official grade transcripts  from all previous institutions.

We admit M.A. students  during the fall and spring semesters. The deadline for applying to the M.A. program for fall admission is  July 1st.  The deadline for spring admission is  December 1st . Students  interested in receiving department funding (i.e., assistantships) should apply for fall admission and submit a completed file on or before  March 1 st   for full consideration of funding.  All application materials   must be received by the university on or before these deadlines.

Prior to obtaining admission to the combined degree program, a student must be admitted to both the School of Law and the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice. Follow the above process to apply to the Masters program with CCJ.

Ph.D. in Criminology and Criminal Justice

Prospective students applying for admission to the Ph.D. program must possess a baccalaureate degree or a masters degree from an accredited college or university. An undergraduate or graduate degree in criminology, criminal justice, or a related social science is desirable. 

Admissions to the doctoral program is competitive and based on the merits of the application materials.

In addition to meeting all the requirements of the University’s Graduate School, applicants must submit the following materials  directly  to the Graduate School:

• University application  through The Graduate School website (on-line), including a  statement of research goals and objectives  (500-750 words). This statement should outline the applicant's interests in criminology and criminal justice and discuss plans for developing a research agenda during the doctoral program of study.
• A sole-authored writing sample such as a course paper or thesis chapter written during your previous degree program (please limit the sample to no more than 25 pages and include course number, date, and name of professor).  Writing samples are uploaded electronically by applicants at the time they complete the on-line application.
• Three letters of academic reference  from faculty members or other persons qualified to evaluate the applicant’s abilities to undertake graduate-level studies.
• Test scores  obtained within the last five years on the Graduate Record Examination (GRE - both verbal and quantitative sections of the general exam).  NOTE:  we only accept GRE scores for the doctoral program.
• Official grade transcripts  from all previous institutions.

We admit doctoral students  only  during the fall semester. The deadline for applying to the Ph.D. program is  April 15th , however students interested in receiving department funding (i.e., graduate assistantships) should submit a completed file on or before December 1st  for full consideration of funding.   All application materials  must be received by the university on or before these deadlines.

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University of South Florida

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Undergraduate, prospective student information, applying to usf.

The B.A. Criminology degree at USF is not a special access program. Freshman and transfer students will need to meet the general USF requirements set forth by the USF Admissions Office. View the general USF requirements . 

If you meet the USF admissions requirements and receive a letter of acceptance from Admissions, you will be eligible to declare a major in Criminology. This degree offers the flexibility to complete criminology courses entirely online, entirely in-person, or a blending of both.

After reviewing the information below, if you still have any questions, please don't hesitate to contact an advisor .

TRANSFER STUDENTS - BEFORE ADMISSION INTO USF

It is recommended, but not required, that a transfer student complete an AA degree at a Florida public state or community college prior to admission at USF. Students with an AA degree from a Florida public institution will have their general education requirement met, and will enter USF at the Junior level. Courses from out of state institutions will be reviewed and applied to the specific categories within the curriculum.

It is recommended that a student complete the following courses (if possible) for a smooth transition into USF:

• A college level statistics course such as STA 2023.
• If you have a strong background in a foreign language, there is a USF placement test you can take after admission to USF to try to test out of this requirement.

If any of the above requirements cannot be completed prior to being admitted, you will be required to complete them at USF as part of your Bachelors of Arts degree requirements.

TOUR INFORMATION

Can I tour the department? The Department of Criminology consists of faculty and staff offices, so department tours are not available . Classes are offered in various buildings throughout campus, independent of where the Department of Criminology is located.

Tours of the USF campus are offered through the Office of Admissions. Register for a campus tour today. 

once admitted

Register for a mandatory campus orientation.

If you have been admitted to USF, you must register for one of the USF orientation sessions offered through the Office of Orientation before you will be able to register for classes. 

Freshmen Information (Tampa Campus)

Class Registration

If you were admitted as a Freshman student and have cleared all of your registration holds, someone from USF will register you for your first semester’s classes. Once you sign up for orientation, you will receive an email from the Student Services office of the College of Behavioral and Community Sciences. This email will ask you to provide information regarding any incoming AP, IB or other exam credit, dual enrollment credit, or other information that needs to be taken into account when you are being registered for classes. You will also be added to a College/major online orientation module in Canvas that you will be required to complete that will provide essential information about the major. Make sure you are checking your official USF email address regularly and respond to all emails that request additional information. 

Transfer Student Information (Tampa Campus)

Transfer Pre-Orientation Advising

Once you have registered for orientation you will receive an email from us with instructions regarding the next steps for getting started in the major and the academic advising process. You will also be added to a College/major online orientation module in Canvas that you will be required to complete that will provide essential information about the major. Completing all of the steps outlined in that email will allow you to participate in pre-orientation advising and potentially register for classes prior to your orientation date. Make sure you are checking your official USF email address regularly so that you stay on top of all important information.

Transfer Course Evaluation

The following describes university and department policies related to courses taken at other institutions. Please note typically, courses are evaluated in the following manner 1. USF Admissions level, 2. College level once the student declares their Major, 3. Department level with the respective advisor if student believes additional requirements can be met with completed courses. The combined review process can take at least the duration of the students first semester. Below, you will find the process for evaluations at the Department level, specifically for Criminology course work within the above-mentioned evaluation process.

Course Equivalency 

At USF, course equivalency is necessary for students who have to transfer upper level Criminology credit from an institution other than USF. In general, transfer credit for CCJ1010 or CCJ1020 from Florida State Community Colleges who follow the Common Course Coding Such as HCC and SPC will NOT need an evaluation since the course prefix and number has already been equated to USF’s CCJ 3024 Survey of CJ systems course. (If both CCJ 1010 and CCJ 1020 are taken, one will count for CCJ 3024 and the other will go towards general electives).

However, previous evaluations by institutions other than USF Criminology Department will not supersede our evaluations for all other upper level Criminology transfer credit. All Criminology transfer courses are evaluated by professional faculty. Students must initiate this process by submitting their request for an evaluation to the Criminology Department.

Submitting Your Request

• Locate a copy of the syllabus or course catalog information for your transfer Criminology course. If you do not have a copy, you can contact your previous school and request one.
• Scan or save your syllabus into a PDF file. Please scan all pages of the syllabus into one file. If you have more than one Criminology course for review, please scan each syllabus as a separate file.
• Name the PDF file the same name of the course. For example, if you are submitting a syllabus for CCJ 3000 Intro to Criminology name the PDF file CCJ 3000 Intro to Criminology.
• E-mail Subject: Criminology Course Evaluation
• Name and state of each non-USF, out-of-state or private school
• For each school, include a link to the online catalog information
• For each school, include a list of course names/numbers of the Upper Level Criminology course(s) that you wish to have evaluated.
• Wait for an e-mail reply with the results of the evaluation. It is common for this process to take up to 2 weeks and sometimes longer. Please be patient. However, if you have not received a response after 4 weeks, please send a follow up e-mail to [email protected] . If your transfer course is approved, the college will receive a copy of the approval and will update your record to reflect the results. This can take up to 2 weeks (after the evaluation has been completed) to show on your Degree Works Audit.

For all other Undergraduate Program Forms, visit the CBCS website . If you have any questions, please send an email to our Criminology Academic Advising Office. 

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Masters Program

Application Requirements:

• Completed application forms, including a personal statement describing your preparation for graduate-level studies, your motivation to study criminology at Penn, and your future plans.
• Unofficial transcripts from all undergraduate and graduate institutions attended.
• Three letters of reference, with at least two from former professors or individuals who can evaluate your academic preparation.
• GRE scores are optional. Results from a Graduate Record Examination (GRE) taken in the last five years. LSAT scores may be accepted in lieu of GRE scores if the test was taken in the last five years. Use school code 2926 to have your official scores sent directly to Penn.
• Foreign Nationals: Results from the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) for those who do not have transcripts with one year of study at an English-speaking university.

Application Deadline:

• US Students - October 1st, 2023 - April 30th, 2024
• International Students - October 1st, 2023 - April 15th, 2024

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Department of   Sociology and Criminology

How to apply, degree application process.

Applying for graduate admission is a two step process. Applications must be submitted to the Graduate School and the program. When the Graduate School receives your degree application, your information will be made available to the program to which you are applying. The program reviews your program application and supporting documents and makes a recommendation to the Graduate School. Upon receiving the nonrefundable application fee and a recommendation from the program, the Graduate School reviews your file to verify that the minimum admission requirements have been met. The Graduate School does not act on your application without a recommendation from the program. Questions regarding the completeness or status of your application should be directed to the program.

Applications for Sociology and Criminology are accepted until January 9th  for admission the following fall semester. Selection is based on transcripts, three letters of recommendation from persons familiar with the applicant’s academic performance, a statement of goals, a sample of written work such as a term paper or thesis, and Graduate Record Examination (GRE) scores. International applicants must also submit TOEFL scores. Please do not submit information with your application that cannot be used in the admission decision process, e.g. Individual Education Plans (IEPs), medical records, statements from physicians or psychologists, or legal documents. Such information will be returned.

• If you have read the Graduate School requirements and are ready to apply, you may proceed to the application at  http://gradschool.psu.edu/graduate-admissions/how-to-apply/ .
• Three letters of recommendation  are required for admission. Your references will be contacted electronically to complete a recommendation for you.  In addition, they should either copy and paste a formal letter of recommendation into the comments section of the electronic form OR mail a formal letter directly to the program.  The mailing address is given below.
• A  personal statement  and at least one  writing sample  should be uploaded when completing the online application.
• Transcripts : Applicants are required to electronically upload copies of transcripts (or equivalent documents for institutions outside the U.S., e.g., degree/study certificates, diplomas, etc.) from all post-secondary institutions attended, in the language of instruction (and copies of an official English translation if English is not the language of instruction).  Applicants recommended for admission who accept an offer through the online graduate admission system will be notified by the Graduate School that official/original transcripts/documents must be sent from the originating institutions in the official language of the institution(s) attended (and if the language of instruction is not English, an official English translation must also be sent).  The Graduate School will review all official documents to finalize the offer of admission.  An offer of admission will be revoked if official/original documents are not received by the Graduate School within specified deadlines, or if official/original documents differ from the copies uploaded by the applicant prior to the offer of admission.  For applicants whose degree conferral is in progress at the time of uploading copies, the deadline specified for receipt of official/original documents will allow for the passage of the reported date of degree conferral, and that conferral must be confirmed on the official/original documents received by the Graduate School, in order for the offer of admission to be finalized.
• Official GRE and TOEFL (International Applicants Only) scores  should be sent electronically from ETS to the Graduate School.
• Dual-Degree in Demography :  If you wish to apply to the dual-degree program in Sociology and Demography, please complete the final four questions on our Graduate School application pertaining to the Dual-Degree Demography Program.

How to Apply?

What gre test should i take.

The General Test.

As an international applicant, what test or tests should I take?

The GRE (General Test) and TOEFL.

How many applications do you generally receive?

Approximately 175 students apply

Can I apply to start in the winter or spring?

Because of the required course sequence, all incoming students must start in the fall.

Sociology and Criminology

Admissions Process

Application deadline.

Apply Online , the $60 application fee ($100 for international students) is payable by Discover, MasterCard, or Visa.

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Graduate College

College of Liberal Arts & Sciences (Graduate Programs)

General Catalog Description

Department of Sociology and Criminology The University of Iowa 401 North Hall Iowa City, IA 52242-1401 [email protected] 1- 319-335-2502

Office of Admissions The University of Iowa 108 Calvin Hall Iowa City, IA 52242-1396 [email protected] 1-319-335-1523

The MA and the PhD in Sociology and Criminology are awarded by the Graduate College. Instruction is offered through the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. The MA is offered with or without a thesis.

Admission Requirements

Applicants must meet the  Admission Requirements of the Graduate College  and the department offering the degree program (review the department's website or the General Catalog for departmental requirements).

Admission to graduate study in sociology or criminology usually requires a 3.25 undergraduate grade-point average.

Estimated Cost of Attendance

Tuition and fees vary by degree program and the type of student you are.

Graduate Programs in Liberal Arts & Sciences - Estimated Costs - Domestic

Application Procedures

The graduate application process has two steps.

• You must first submit the online application to the Graduate College and pay the $60 application fee by credit card ($100 for international applicants).
• Once you have submitted your application, you will receive an email instructing you on how to upload your supporting documents and submit letters of recommendation. A few programs require materials be sent directly to them. However, almost all supplemental material can and should be uploaded from your Admissions Profile in  MyUI , our online service center for applicants and students. You can only access this AFTER you have submitted your application.

Degree Program Supplemental Materials

• A Department of Sociology and Criminology Application Statement
• Application for Graduate Awards

Recommendations

The application requirement section of your Profile includes an electronic letter of recommendation feature. If your program of study requires letters of recommendation, you will be asked to give the contact information of your recommenders including their email on your Admissions Profile. The recommender will then get an email giving them instructions on how to upload the recommendation letter and/or form.

• Three letters of recommendation

Materials to send to Admissions

• A set of your unofficial academic records/transcripts uploaded on your Admissions Profile. If you are admitted, official transcripts will be required before your enrollment. For international records, all records should bear the original stamp or seal of the institution and the signature of a school official.  Documents not in English must be accompanied by a complete, literal, English translation, certified by the issuing institution.
• International students may also be required to submit TOEFL, IELTS, or DuoLingo scores to comply with the university's  English Language Proficiency Requirements .
• Once recommended for admission, international students must send a  Financial Statement .

Are GRE scores required?

No, GRE scores are not required to be submitted and will not be used to evaluate your application. 

Could you please send me application materials?

We do not send materials by postal mail, since all of the needed information and required forms are available on this website.

Can I apply to begin the program in the Spring semester?

We strongly discourage applications to begin the program in the Spring and only rarely admit students who submit applications.  The reasons are that (1) courses that are offered only in the Fall semester are often prerequisites for Spring semester courses; (2) funding is rarely available in the Spring for new students; and (3) office space is rarely available in the Spring.

How many students apply each year?  How many are admitted?

Application volumes can vary substantially from year-to-year.  Lately, we are seeing about 50 applications per year. Incoming cohorts are generally 5-8 students. The number of admittees usually depends on the availability of funding to support the students.

What proportion of admitted students receive funding?

Currently, all of the students admitted to our program have some form of funding.  Most receive teaching or research assistantships.  Some have external (i.e., non-University of Iowa) funding.  A very small number of students receive fellowships from the University of Iowa's Graduate College.

What is the difference between a fellowship and a teaching or research assistantship?

A fellowship generally includes a 12-month stipend and a full tuition scholarship, renewable for four or five years (provided that the student is making adequate progress in the program).  Usually, the first and last year of a fellowship are free from assisting faculty with research and teaching (while the middle years require that the student work with faculty on assignments related to teaching or research).  In contrast, teaching and research assistantships are generally 9-month appointments, carrying a stipend and partial tuition scholarship.  Students who receive teaching or research assistantships are expected to work an average of 20 hours per week on assignments related to teaching or research.

Is funding available for students who are not U.S. citizens?

Yes.  Students who are not U.S. citizens are eligible for teaching assistantships, and in most cases, research assistantships.  Note, however, that students who receive teaching assistantships must be certified by the English as a Second Language Program.  International students are also eligible for Presidential Fellowships.  International students do not apply for the Presidential Fellowships themselves.  The Department will decide if a student should be nominated for a Presidential Fellowship and, if so, will submit the nomination to the Graduate College.

Am I eligible for a graduate application fee waiver?

Non-international applicants may be eligible for an application fee waiver based on financial hardship, see here for more information . International students are not eligible under any circumstances. 

NOTICE: The University of Iowa Center for Advancement is an operational name for the State University of Iowa Foundation, an independent, Iowa nonprofit corporation organized as a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt, publicly supported charitable entity working to advance the University of Iowa. Please review its full disclosure statement.

Graduate Admissions

Criminology (PhD)

The PhD in Criminology is awarded by the Graduate College. Instruction is offered through the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. 

Applicants must meet the  Admission Requirements of the Graduate College  and the department offering the degree program (review the department's website or the General Catalog for departmental requirements).

Admission to graduate study in criminology usually requires a 3.25 undergraduate grade-point average.

Tuition and fees vary by degree program and the type of student you are.

• Fall semester—Jan. 1
• Spring semester—not available
• Summer session—not available

The graduate application process has two steps

• You must first submit the online application to the Graduate College and pay the $60 application fee by credit card ($100 for international applicants).
• Once you have submitted your application, you will receive an email instructing you on how to upload your supporting documents and submit letters of recommendation. A few programs require materials be sent directly to them. However, almost all supplemental material can and should be uploaded from your Admissions Profile in MyUI , our online service center for applicants and students. You can only access this AFTER you have submitted your application.

GRE scores are not required for this program.

Degree Program Supplemental Materials

• A Department of Sociology and Criminology Application Statement
• Application for Graduate Awards

Recommendations

The application requirement section of your Profile includes an electronic letter of recommendation feature. If your program of study requires letters of recommendation, you will be asked to give the contact information of your recommenders including their email on your Admissions Profile. The recommender will then get an email giving them instructions on how to upload the recommendation letter and/or form.

• Three letters of recommendation

Materials to send to Admissions

• A set of your unofficial academic records/transcripts uploaded on your Admissions Profile. If you are admitted, official transcripts will be required before your enrollment. For international records, all records should bear the original stamp or seal of the institution and the signature of a school official.  Documents not in English must be accompanied by a complete, literal, English translation, certified by the issuing institution.
• International students may also be required to submit TOEFL, IELTS, or DuoLingo scores to comply with the university's English Language Proficiency Requirements .
• Once recommended for admission, international students must send a  Financial Statement .

Apply Online , the $60 application fee ($100 for international students) is payable by Discover, MasterCard, or Visa.

Department of Sociology and Criminology The University of Iowa 401 North Hall Iowa City, IA 52242-1401 [email protected] 1-319-335-2502

Enrollment Management The University of Iowa 2900 University Capitol Centre 201 S. Clinton St. Iowa City, IA 52242 [email protected] 1-319-335-1523

How to Get the Best Recommendation Letters for Law School

Think through the references you will ask for letters and when and how you will approach them.

Good Law School Recommendation Letters

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Make sure the person who writes your letter of recommendation is someone you have a good relationship with.

Although they are rarely decisive, recommendations letters are a meaningful factor in law school admissions.

Most other law school application materials, such as personal and diversity statements , present your case in your own voice. Recommendation letters are one of the few ways for admissions officers to hear others’ impressions of you.

While your transcript and test scores may say a lot about your academic skills, they don’t communicate what kind of person you are, or how you think or relate to other people. One student might get straight A's while acting like a pompous jerk, while another helped others, steadily improved through hard work or had the courage to take on challenging research.

Hearing stories about you from a professor or work supervisor helps law admissions officers build a three-dimensional picture of who you are and how you might contribute to the law school community.

This is why it is important to approach recommendation letters strategically, even though they’re just one part of your application process. 

Whom to Ask for a Recommendation Letter

Unless you are an older applicant who has been in the workforce for many years, you should get at least one law school recommendation letter from a professor. Others might come from other professors, mentors or supervisors from an internship, job or activity .

One mistake that applicants make is to request a recommendation letter from someone they think is a big shot – a well-known professor, a high-level executive or a family friend who is a venerable lawyer or local politician.

This is only a good idea if such a person teaches or works with you directly and can speak knowledgeably about your work and your goals. If your relationship is more indirect or distant, it can come across as superficial and uninformative, like a vague book blurb by a celebrity who seems unlikely to have read the book.

Above all, ensure the recommendation letter will be positive! If you detect signs that you have chosen the wrong reference to write a letter, move on to someone who can speak about your strengths more knowledgeably and enthusiastically. 

What a Recommendation Letter Should Include

If a recommendation letter is simply a series of compliments strung together, it will sound generic, no matter how effusive or truthful it is. An effective letter should back up its claims with specific details and examples of times when you stood out because of your dedication, helpfulness, initiative or insight.

A recommendation letter does not have to be unwaveringly positive. In fact, a letter that shows how you have grown, overcome adversity, responded constructively to feedback or taken responsibility for yourself can show the kinds of “ soft factors ” that law school admissions officers seek.  

How to Request a Recommendation Letter

Once you have identified a reference who is likely to write you a strong recommendation letter, ask him or her politely. Explain why you are applying to law school, why you think he or she would be a good reference and when you will need the letter.

Be prepared for the recommender to ask for your resume or other materials. For example, a professor might ask to see copies of your papers for the class, or any feedback received.

You might offer to provide more information or details as needed or to discuss the letter in a meeting or phone call. However, do not crowd your initial request with ideas and advice. That could come across as presumptuous.

If a recommender has a personal connection to a school you are applying to, consider requesting a school-specific letter , in addition to a more general recommendation letter.

Finally, avoid writing a recommendation letter yourself . If a recommender asks you to do so, gently explain why this is a bad idea and instead offer to provide ideas and notes that he or she could incorporate into his or her own letter. 

How Many Recommendation Letters to Request

Very few law schools require more than one recommendation letter. Many limit you to two, although some allow up to five.

It is important that all your recommendation letters are strong and substantive, because they may take time away from other aspects of your application. Quality matters more than quantity.

If you are worried that one of your letters is not as strong as the others, don’t submit it. A mediocre letter could very well overshadow better letters read alongside it. Just think about how often you read a mixed review that turns you off of a business, even if the other reviews seem positive. 

When to Request a Recommendation Letter

Recommendation letters are submitted and processed through the Credential Assembly Service of the Law School Admission Council. Since they can take a couple of weeks to process, it’s a good idea to get them in before you plan to apply.

Anticipate that your recommender may need at least a few weeks to write the letter, particularly at busy times of the year. That means that you should request recommendation letters more than a month before you plan to apply.

For applicants planning to apply in the fall, it is best to request letters over the summer or early fall. It’s OK to request letters earlier, as well. For example, if you just finished a summer internship where you worked together well with your boss, you might request the letter before leaving, even if you don’t plan to apply anytime soon. 

What if Your Recommendation Letter Is Delayed?

While law school admissions are rolling , a week or so of delay will not be of consequence. So, consider waiting until your application is complete before you submit it.

That said, if it is late in the cycle, or if you are aiming to meet an early decision deadline , waiting may not be an option. As long as you have the minimum number of recommendation letters required, your application can be submitted. You can always add further letters to your file later.

Remember that a law school is unlikely to review your application as soon as it is received. So, if a recommendation letter is delayed for a few days, it is unlikely to matter. If the letter is important and it may be delayed for some time, notify the admissions office by phone or email that another recommendation letter is forthcoming and ask if your application could be put on hold until it is received.

Of course, the best way to ensure that a recommendation letter does not hold up your application is to request it several weeks in advance. The law school admissions process is stressful enough without having to wait on other people!

Tips to Boost a Law School Application

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About Law Admissions Lowdown

Law Admissions Lowdown provides advice to prospective students about the law school application process, LSAT prep and potential career paths. Previously authored by contributors from Stratus Admissions Counseling, the blog is currently authored by Gabriel Kuris, founder of Top Law Coach , an admissions consultancy. Kuris is a graduate of Harvard Law School and has helped hundreds of applicants navigate the law school application process since 2003. Got a question? Email [email protected] .

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Ph.D. Program Application

Admission to Graduate Study

For admission to graduate study at the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, the applicant must first be admitted to the Graduate School.

The Ph.D. application requirements include:  

•   Unofficial transcripts from previous institutions (both undergraduate and graduate)
•   Graduate Record Examination (GRE) General Test score
•   Three letters of recommendation from professors, if possible, or employers who are acquainted with the applicant's qualifications
•   Statement of Goals and Purpose
•   One Writing Sample that reflects your scholarly potential (e.g., an undergraduate term paper or similar academic scholarship) 
•   CV/Resume 
•   TOEFL/IELTS/Pearsons Score [ international students only ]
•   A mandatory application fee ($75)

As part of the application, students are invited to apply for a  College of Behavioral and Social Science (BSOS) Diversity Fellowship. To determine your eligibility and learn more, please see the  instructions . 

We will be accepting Fall 2025 applications in late August 2024.    If you need additional information or assistance with the application process, contact us at  criminologydept [at] umd.edu .

If you would like to be added to our prospective student mailing list,  please fill out this form .

Admission Deadline

To be considered for the Fall 2025 cohort, your application must be completed and submitted by  December 13, 2024, at 11:59 pm EST . This is the final deadline for international and domestic applicants. 

Please note our preferred deadline is December 2, 2024, which ensures applicants adequate time for all application elements to arrive by the final deadline.

General instructions for completing the UMD Graduate Application are available in the  Graduate School’s Step-By-Step Guide to Applying . 

Admission Decision Process

If the application is favorably recommended by the Department, this decision is sent to the Graduate School. The Graduate School, in turn, notifies the applicant of admission and asks for acknowledgment of acceptance. If the applicant is not favorably recommended for graduate study by the Department, then the Graduate School notifies the applicant of the decision. Typically, admission decisions are issued in late February/early March of the following year.

Minimum Admission Requirements

The Graduate School requires, as a minimum standard, a "B" average or a 3.0 GPA on a 4.0 scale in a program of study resulting in the award of a baccalaureate degree from a regionally accredited college or university. In addition, the student's undergraduate program should include completion of the prerequisites for graduate study in the chosen field. In individual programs, where resources are available, a few applicants who do not meet this minimum standard for undergraduate work may be provisionally admitted if there is compelling evidence on the basis of other criteria of a reasonable likelihood of success in the program the person desires to enter. If an applicant has studied at the graduate level elsewhere, less weight may be, but is not necessarily, placed on the quality of the undergraduate academic record.

In addition to the general Graduate School requirement, the Department's special admission requirements include the Graduate Record Examination General Test and nine hours of coursework related to criminal justice or criminology. Applicants are encouraged to have completed at least one college-level course in social science theory, statistics, and research methods. There are no minimum GRE scores required to apply to the program, but admission is competitive.

An M.A. degree is not required for admission in the Ph.D. program.  Those students who have not already achieved an M.A. degree in Criminology/Criminal Justice with a thesis will be required to complete master-level courses and write a thesis prior to taking PhD-level courses.  

Provisional Admission

Under certain conditions, applicants who are missing some of the prerequisite courses but who are otherwise fully qualified for admission may be given provisional admission. Students receiving such admission are notified of the conditions of their admission, the period of time they have to meet the conditions, and the need to receive a grade of "B" or better in any courses taken to meet the conditions.

Financial Aid & Funding

The Department's policy is to make financial aid decisions separate from admission decisions. That is, a decision to admit a student to the program is not affected by whether or not the student requests financial aid.

A doctoral program offer of admission will include a financial aid package. The financial aid most regularly available in the Department is in the form of a full-time (20 hour/week)  Graduate Assistantship with either a teaching or research focus. In addition, supplemental scholarships might also be available. 

A small number of College and University-level Fellowships are awarded to select new applicants. Currently, our program has students who hold  BSOS Diversity Fellowships as well as  Flagship Fellowships . 

International Student Admission

International applicants will need to include scores on the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) if English is not the native language. Proper immigration documents and evidence of financial resources are also required. The GRE requirement is not waived for foreign students. To learn more about applying as an international student, please review the Graduate School's International Student Application Instructions . 

Delay of Admission

A written offer of admission by the Dean of Graduate Studies is made to an applicant who meets all admission requirements. The offer specifies the date of the entrance, which will normally coincide with the date requested in the application. The offer of admission must be accepted or declined by the date specified in the offer. If the Graduate School is not notified by the date specified, the offer of admission lapses and space is assigned to another applicant. An individual whose offer of admission has lapsed must submit a new application and fee if he or she wants to be reconsidered for admission at a later date.

The offer of admission is also a permit to register for courses and must be presented by the student at the time of first registration. The informal letter of admission sent to the applicant by the Department is not official and, thus, not a permit to register.

Any student who cannot register in the authorized semester must immediately submit a written request to have the date of admission extended. This request must be sent to the Department's Director of Graduate Studies and the Department Coordinator at criminologydept [at] umd.edu . 

After a student is recommended for admission, the student is advised by the Director of Graduate Studies until such time as the student selects an advisor. Ph.D. and M.A. students are expected to select an advisor from among the Department's Graduate Faculty prior to the end of their first semester. Request for approval of the advisor is available in the Department's Graduate Office. Students are free to change their advisor. They are responsible, however, for the completion of the new advisor form, which must be signed by the new advisor and Chairperson. The advisor is usually the chairperson of the student's thesis committee, but there is no requirement that this is the case. Graduate students may select any qualified member of the Graduate Faculty to act as their thesis advisor. A list of the Department's Graduate Faculty (Associate and Regular) is available in the Department's Graduate Office and on this website.

Program Planning

The student must  seek an appointment with the graduate advisor prior to registration  for the first semester's course work. The advisor will assist in planning the degree program. Students should bear in mind that neither the advisor, the Department, nor the Graduate School is under obligation to accept any courses to be applied to the student's official program as approved by the Graduate School, which are not a part of the program developed with the advisor's assistance. The policies governing degree programs are subject to modification from time to time. The policies in force at the time of enrollment are binding upon the student, and subsequently, established program requirements may not be imposed retroactively. However, with the prior approval of the advisor, students may elect to conform to all current program requirements.

Contact criminologydept [at] umd.edu for more information.

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Criminology and Criminal Justice

Advance your career with a Michigan graduate degree from University of Michigan-Dearborn in the rapidly growing criminal justice profession.

Faculty, who are experts in their field, developed the Master of Science in Criminology and Criminal Justice to prepare students for research, management and policy positions or continuation into a Ph.D. program.

This flexible degree program is 30-32 credits and provides a thesis and non-thesis option, while offering traditional, evening and online courses.  Public safety professionals from partnering organizations may quality for a scholarship valued at 20 percent of tuition and fees through our community service personnel scholarship program. 

The program can be completed entirely on campus, entirely online, or through a combination of on-campus and online courses. The following courses are available online:

Required courses: CRJ 518, 553, 560, 565, 570, 580, 588, 599, 699.

Elective courses: CRJ 509, 517, 519, 569, 582, 587.

Admission Requirements

• Completion of a Bachelor's degree with at least a 3.0 undergraduate GPA
• CRJ 200 Introduction to Criminal Justice
• CRJ 468 Criminology
• CRJ 416 Criminal Law

Applicants who meet the GPA requirement but lack one or more required courses may be admitted conditionally with the permission of the Program Director. These course deficiencies may be completed concurrently with graduate courses in the program upon Program Director approval.

Community Service Personnel Scholarships

The University of Michigan-Dearborn provides a scholarship valued at 20% of tuition and fees for public safety employees at partnering organizations.  The scholarship is available for degree-seeking students and can be used for undergraduate and graduate programs.

Accelerated Program: 4+1

The 4+1 accelerated program option allows current UM-Dearborn undergraduate Criminology and Criminal Justice majors to complete both the Bachelor of Arts and the Master of Science in Criminology and Criminal Justice in a format that offers substantial savings in both time and money. This is achieved by a double-counting allowance of up to 15 credits or 5 graduate level (500-level or above) courses. One additional year of graduate work (15-16 credits) would be needed to complete the Master's program enabling students to earn two degrees in a total of five years. 

Participation in the 4+1 program is limited to students who have completed at least 60 credit hours with a cumulative GPA of 3.0 or better. Admission to the 4+1 program is at the discretion of the Program Director and requires an admission interview. The "regular" online graduate application should be completed with a "Yes" response to the 4+1 accelerated program question. The only supplemental application materials required for 4+1 applicants are a personal statement describing career goals and a resume.

Once admitted to the 4+1 program, the student must attain a grade of B- or better in each 500 level class elected.  Failure to do so may result in removal from the 4+1 program.  

For additional information, please see the Master of Science in Criminology and Criminal Justice website or call 313-583-6404 .

Specific Course Requirements

PAPP 505 ,  PAPP 540 ,  PAPP 561 , and  PAPP 580 are required courses for the Criminal Justice Administration concentration. This concentration is appropriate for those individuals who intend to pursue career choices primarily in administrative or managerial roles.

  CRJ 518 is required for students completing the thesis option ( CRJ 699 ).

The non-thesis option is for those seeking to further a career in the law enforcement or criminal justice field.

The thesis option is for those who are planning to continue their education at the Ph.D. level.

COMP 500 is an optional one-credit-hour workshop that provides small-group, student-centered support on many aspects of the writing process for graduate classes.

Learning Goals

• Strengthen the professional qualifications of those currently employed in the criminal justice field.
• Develop skills in research and in criminology and criminal justice program planning and evaluation.
• Develop skills in the organization and administration of public criminal justice systems.
• Prepare students for doctoral study in Criminology and Criminal Justice.

CRJ 502     Parole and Probation     3 Credit Hours

This course deals with corrections in the community with primary focus on the areas of probation and parole. It discusses the history and foundation of probation and parole, and how each functions within the larger system of criminal corrections. The practical daily activities of probation and parole officers are examined, including monitoring techniques, report-writing, offender and risk assessment evaluation, pre-sentence investigations, and court testimony. Students may not receive credit for both CRJ 402 and CRJ 502 . (YR).

CRJ 504     Sentencing     3 Credit Hours

This course will familiarize students with the history, structure, and performance of America's sentencing system. Sentencing is the process by which criminal sanctions are imposed in individual cases following criminal convictions. The course examines the laws and policies that guide the determination of punishment in the court system. Topics include the theoretical underpinnings of sentencing, with an application focus on capital punishment; determinate and indeterminate sentencing systems; sentencing guidelines and departures from the guidelines; mandatory minimum sentences; and “3 strikes” and other habitual offender statutes. Students will engage in a graded practical exercise using sentencing guidelines to learn how to calculate sentences based on various facts. Students cannot receive credit for both CRJ 404 and CRJ 504 . (YR).

CRJ 509     Intel and Homeland Security     3 Credit Hours

Full Title: Intelligence and Homeland Security This course will provide an in-depth examination of the principles that guide the collection, analysis, and sharing of intelligence in the United States and how these principles impact homeland security. Topics will include the US Intelligence Community (CIA, FBI, military intelligence), the National Criminal Intelligence Sharing Plan, the National Intelligence Strategy, and the recent emphasis places on Intelligence-Led Policing. Emphasis will also be placed on the increased role that local and state law enforcement agencies as well as private sector entities play in contributing to the assessment of threats to homeland security. (F,W,S)

Restriction(s): Can enroll if Level is Graduate

CRJ 513     American Constitutional Law     3 Credit Hours

A major theme of this course is the development of the constitution, especially focusing on the themes of judicial review: judicial self-restraint and judicial activism; the expansion of executive and legislative powers; and the rise of "substantive due process of the law". Prerequisite or equivalent recommended. This course is distinguished from its 400 level counterpart by the requirement of additional readings and research. (AY).

Prerequisite(s): POL 101

Restriction(s): Can enroll if Class is Graduate

CRJ 514     Civil Rights and Liberties     3 Credit Hours

An analysis of the Bill of Rights and the 14th Amendment, with particular emphasis upon recent landmark or controversial Supreme Court decisions dealing with freedom of speech and religion, rights of criminal defendants; cruel and unusual punishment, right to privacy; civil rights and equal protection clause; and apportionment. Prerequisite or equivalent recommended. This course is distinguished from its 400 level counterpart by the requirement of additional readings and research. (YR).

CRJ 515     Restorative Justice     3 Credit Hours

This graduate course explores the practice of restorative justice as it has been engaged in historical and contemporary criminal justice contexts. Topics addressed include the principles and philosophies underlying restorative justice, differences between retributive and restorative models, victim-offender dialogue, and offender reintegration. Students will be asked to think critically about restorative and retributive systems and to apply these concepts to develope their own approach to restorative justice.

CRJ 517     Crimmigration     3 Credit Hours

Full Title: Crimmigration: Intersections of Immigration and Criminal Justice This course explores the intersection(s) of the criminal justice and immigration systems with special attention to race, class, and gender. It covers the evolution of American immigration policy and its application, the criminalization of immigrants, immigrant offending and victimization, the policing of immigrant communities, and the immigrant experience in the United States.

Prerequisite(s): CRJ 200 or CRJ 468 or CRJ 473 or SOC 200 or SOC 201

CRJ 518     CJ Research Methods     4 Credit Hours

Full Title: Criminal Justice Research Methods This course provides an introduction to methods of data collection and analysis, as well as a discussion of research design and the philosophy of social science, within the context of the field of Criminology and Criminal Justice. Attention is given to quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methodologies.

CRJ 519     LGBTQ+ Criminology     3 Credit Hours

This course explores matters of crime, crime control, and the law through the lens of Queer Criminology, which draws attention to the stigmatization, criminalization, and rejection of LGBTQ+ populations. Special attention is paid to the intersections of identity (e.g. class, race, gender, sexual orientation) and offending, as well as identity and victimization, as well as the experiences of LGBTQ+ communities with police, courts, and corrections, in the United States and around the world. (YR).

CRJ 535     Urban Sociology     3 Credit Hours

A descriptive study of the form and development of the urban community with respect to demographic structure, spatial and temporal patterns, and functional organization. The relationship of city and hinterland. Social planning and its problems in the urban community. Additional reading assignments or projects will distinguish this course from its undergraduate version CRJ 435 . Students cannot receive credit for both CRJ 435 and CRJ 535 . (YR).

Prerequisite(s): SOC 200 or SOC 201

CRJ 543     Gender Roles     3 Credit Hours

This course will investigate the development of gender roles in childhood and adolescence due to either innate physiological differences or sociological patterning, the effect of gender roles upon male-female relationships within our society, and the possibility of transcending sociological gender roles in alternate modes of living. Additional reading assignments or projects will distinguish this course from its undergraduate version SOC 443 . Students cannot receive credit for both SOC 443 and SOC 543 . (YR).

Prerequisite(s): PSYC 170 or PSYC 171 or SOC 200 or SOC 201

CRJ 546     Marriage and Family Problems     3 Credit Hours

Sociological analysis of problems encountered within the institution of marriage with particular reference to such issues as choosing a marriage partner, sexual adjustment, occupational involvement, conflict resolution, child rearing, divorce and readjustment. This course is distinguished from its 400 level counterpart by the requirement of additional readings and research. (YR).

CRJ 547     Family Violence     3 Credit Hours

Sociological analyses of various forms of family violence which occur disproportionately in the lives of girls and women. Topics such as incest, sexual abuse, date rape, wife battering, and elder abuse will be situated within the social and cultural context of contemporary gender relationships. Social and political responses to the phenomena will be examined. Additional reading assignments or projects will distinguish this course from its undergraduate version SOC 447 . Students cannot receive credit for both SOC 447 and SOC 547 . (F).

Prerequisite(s): SOC 200 or SOC 201 or SOC 301 or SOC 443 or PSYC 405 or WST 405 or PSYC 505 or WST 505 or SOC 543

CRJ 553     Sociology of Law     3 Credit Hours

Various aspects of the relationship between law and society are explored. After a look at processes of law making, attention is turned to the administration of law. This involves a study of the activities of legislatures, courts, police, and correctional agents. This course is distinguished from its 400 level counterpart by the requirement of additional readings and research. (YR).

CRJ 555     Immigrant Cultures and Gender     3 Credit Hours

The history and culture of immigration since 1850, including: (1) formation and perseverance of immigrant communities and inter-ethnic boundaries; (2) relations between the homeland and the immigrant; and (3) impact of migration on family life and gender roles. This course is distinguished from its 400 level counterpart by the requirement of additional readings and research. (AY).

Prerequisite(s): ANTH 101 or WST 275 or WGST 275 or PSYC 275 or SOC 275 or ANTH 275 or HUM 275 or WGST 303 or PSYC 303 or SOC 303 or ANTH 303 or HUM 303

CRJ 560     Law and Culture     3 Credit Hours

This course will explore the ways in which legal rules, norms, and processes are embedded in and shaped by the societies in which they are created and disseminated. We will address anthropological and sociological theories about the nature of law and disputes, examine related studies of legal structures in non-Western cultures, and consider the uses of sociology and anthropology in studying our own legal system. By examining individual legal institutions in the context of their particular cultural settings, we can begin to make cross-cultural comparisons and contrasts. In so doing, we confront the challenge of interpreting and understanding the legal rules and institutions of other cultures while assessing the impact of our own social norms and biases. (F,W)

CRJ 565     Deviant Behavior/Soc Disorganz     3 Credit Hours

General analysis of the concepts of social deviance and social disorganizations: factors producing each condition, the effects of social control measures on the course of deviance and disorganization consequences for the social system, and the relationship between the two concepts. This course is distinguished from its 400 level counterpart by the requirement of additional readings and research. (YR).

CRJ 566     Drugs, Alcohol, and Society     3 Credit Hours

Analyses of the sociology of substance use and abuse. Provide a sociological framework for understanding issues and evaluating our nation?s responses to the phenomenon of drug use. Drawing on sociocultural and social psychological perspectives, this course systematically examines the social structure, social problems, and social policy aspects of drugs in American Society. Additional assignments will distinguish this course from its undergraduate version.

CRJ 568     Criminology     3 Credit Hours

Analysis of criminal behavior in relationship to the institutional framework of society. Emphasis upon the more routinized and persistent forms of criminality along with the joint roles played by victims, the criminal, the police, and all other relevant parties. This course is distinguished from its 400 level counterpart by the requirement of additional readings and research. (F, W).

CRJ 569     Juvenile Delinquency     3 Credit Hours

The analysis of juvenile delinquent behavior in relationship to the institutional framework of society. Emphasis on the extent, causes, and methods of treatment of juvenile delinquency in the United States. This course is distinguished from its 400 level counterpart by the requirement of additional readings and research. (YR).

CRJ 570     Current Issues in Crim Justice     3 Credit Hours

Current issues in the field of criminal justice and law enforcement in the US and other countries. Topics include an evaluation of police activities, problems of apprehensions and prosecution, the courts and the correctional system, and the efficacy of the legal structure in its social context. Prerequisite or permission of instructor. This course is distinguished from its 400 level counterpart by the requirement of additional readings and research. (F, W, S).

Prerequisite(s): CRJ 200

CRJ 571     Int'l Criminal Justice Systems     3 Credit Hours

Description, analysis, and evaluation of selected criminal justice systems throughout the world. Course focuses on the various systems, theories, structures, methods, and functions, including common law systems and socialist law systems. This course is distinguished from its 400 level counterpart by the requirement of additional readings and research. (YR).

CRJ 572     Correctional Systems     3 Credit Hours

Analysis of the legal, social and political issues affecting contemporary correctional theory and practice. Topics covered include the history of corrections; the nature of existing institutions; the functions and social structure of correctional institutions; and alternatives to institutional incarceration; probation and parole. This course is distinguished from its 400 level counterpart by the requirement of additional readings and research. (OC).

CRJ 576     Inside Out Prison Exchange     4 Credit Hours

This community-based course, taught in a local correctional facility, brings university students and incarcerated students together to study as peers. Together students explore issues of crime and justice, drawing on one another to create a deeper understanding of how these issues affect our lives as individuals and as a society. The course creates a dynamic partnership between UMD and a correctional facility to allow students to question approaches to issues of crime and justice in order to build a safer and more just society for all. The course encourages outside (UMD) students to contextualize and to think deeply about what they have learned about crime and criminals and to help them pursue the work of creating a restorative criminal justice system; it challenges inside students to place their life experiences into larger social contexts and to rekindle their intellectual self-confidence and interest in further education. (YR).

CRJ 580     Applied CJ Theory     3 Credit Hours

Full Course Title: Applied Criminal Justice Theory Criminal Justice theories emphasize the study of formal and informal mechanisms of social control in specific places, such as bars and night clubs, city parks, schools, and shopping malls. This course will include a comprehensive assessment of Criminal Justice theories as well as key principles of human behavior that may be impacted by formal an informal mechanisms of social control. As an applied theory course, students will also be introduced to a process by which theories and principles can be translated into daily practical use in place where behavioral problems frequently occur. (YR)

Prerequisite(s): CRJ 200 and CRJ 468 and CRJ 473 and ( SOC 200 or SOC 201)

CRJ 582     Legal Ethics     3 Credit Hours

This course will explore the many ethical dilemmas faced by professionals in the legal system. We will pay particular attention to the criminal justice system and to the Rules of Professional Conduct for attorneys. Some of the questions we may address are: How should an attorney consider his/her own ethical beliefs when deciding the appropriate course of action in a case? How should a judge consider his/her own ethical beliefs when making a juvenile justice decision? How should a police offer determine the ethical course of action when the law's instructions are ambiguous? (F,W)

CRJ 584     White Collar Crime     3 Credit Hours

This course reviews the history, categories, and problems related to white-collar crime. The course covers these topics by incorporating both legal and empirical perspectives in the study of white collar crime. In this course, we will focus on the substantive and procedural white collar crime laws ('law on the books) and analyze real white collar crime cases. Simultaneously, we will pay special attention to the dynamic relationship between white color crime and the American regulatory framework. As a result, we will assess the relationship and differences between various types of white collar crime and the regulatory regimes that oversee the business sector ('law in action'). (OC)

CRJ 587     Forensic Science Evidence in Criminal Cases     3 Credit Hours

This class is a study of the increasing use of scientific evidence in criminal cases, gathered by crime scene investigators (CSI) and/or later developed in a crime laboratory. After a review of the history and development of forensic scientific evidence, the class will study the standards used by courts to prevent the admission of so-called "junk science" and the emergence of DNA as a new model for forensic science evidence. Several common forms of scientific evidence, beginning with DNA, will be studied, including fingerprints, handwriting, hair, bite marks, ballistics, fire and arson debris, and blood stains. The study also includes the forensic use of social sciences testimony, including the reliability of eyewitness testimony and several forms of abuse "syndrome" testimony. Each of these forms of evidence will be described and then compared to the "junk science" standards and to the most recent information about their reliability. The class will examine the impact of forensic science evidence on jurors and the so-called "CSI Effect". The reaction of courts, attorneys and police to juror expectations for scientific evidence will be reviewed. Finally, the class will review the impact of DNA exonerations and the National Academy of Sciences report on the reliability of forensic science evidence and how judges and appeals courts are responding to those challenges, particularly the current controversies concerning the validity of such evidence. Students cannot receive credit for both CRJ 487 and CRJ 587 . (W).

CRJ 588     Criminal Procedure     3 Credit Hours

Full Title: Criminal Procedure and Constitutional Law This class is a study of Constitutional law regarding criminal procedure in the United States. Initially the class reviews the federal and state court structure relating to criminal prosecutions and the flow of cases through those systems. The focus in then on the nature of individual rights under the Constitution, the case law, and the concept of the "exclusionary rule." The class then examines specific issues and procedures relating to arrests, searches, confessions and identifications, and analyzes the constitutional requirements for each. (F,W,S)

CRJ 590     Topics in Criminal Jusice     3 Credit Hours

Examination of problems and issues in selected areas of criminal justice. Title as listed in Schedule of Classes will change according to the content of the course. Course may be repeated for credit when specific topics differ. This course is distinguished from its 400 level counterpart by the requirement of additional readings and research.

CRJ 598     Directed Studies     1 to 6 Credit Hours

Directed individual study of any subject agreed upon by the student and the instructor. May not duplicate a formal course offering. (F, S, W).

CRJ 599     CRJ Master's Essay     3 Credit Hours

Full Title: Criminology & Criminal Justice Essay Criminology and Criminal Justice Master's degree non-thesis students must complete a major essay addressing the application of substantive or theoretical issues in criminology or criminal justice to current issues or practices in the field. The major paper may be based on papers completed in other graduate courses but must be of higher quality and depth than a usual term paper. The topic must be approved in advance, and approved upon completion, by the graduate faculty advisor.

Restriction(s): Can enroll if Level is Graduate Can enroll if Major is Criminal Justice Studies, Criminology & Criminal Justice

CRJ 699     CRJ Thesis     4 Credit Hours

Full Title: Criminology & Criminal Justice Thesis Students electing the Thesis option in the last stage of the MS in Criminology & Criminal Justice program will work under the general supervison of a member of the graduate faculty in the Criminology & Criminal Justice Program but will plan and carry out the work independently. Students should obtain a copy of the thesis requirements from the CASL Office of Graduate Programs or the Program Director before registering for this course. The student will submit a report on the thesis and give an oral presentation to a panel of faculty members when the thesis is completed.

Prerequisite(s): CRJ 518

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‘The Very Real Insanity of College Admissions’

Readers offer suggestions and personal stories in response to two guest essays.

To the Editor:

Re “ 2024 Was the Year That Finally Broke College Admissions ,” by Daniel Currell (Opinion guest essay, May 5):

While Mr. Currell effectively lays out the current admissions climate, the sunny last-minute outcomes for the two applicants he follows undermine his otherwise valid critiques.

While Ivy was rejected by her early decision school, she was admitted to her second choice, Dartmouth, an Ivy with a 6 percent acceptance rate. Rania, though disappointed with her Barnard rejection, also found herself a terrific outcome at Wesleyan, another highly acclaimed school, with a free ride to boot.

Both of these outcomes are extreme positive outliers these days. Convincing families to temper these kinds of expectations and consider in-state public institutions for cost reasons as well as excellent but more far-flung liberal arts colleges (such as the College of Wooster in rural Ohio) is the task at hand these days.

Following two applicants who actually had to make significant compromises would have more accurately encapsulated the reality check that college-bound kids and parents need in the face of the very real insanity of college admissions these days.

Jamie Berger Turners Falls, Mass. The writer is an independent educational consultant.

After temporarily settling in the U.S., my high schooler fell in love with the idea of the small liberal arts school. She was lucky to have the support of a counselor who constantly affirmed her self-worth, and was admitted to one of her top schools. The process was stressful, and the result is not pain-free; it will require serious lifestyle changes to be able to afford it.

Coming from the Netherlands, where a reputable university education is still quite accessible for about $2,700 in annual tuition for domestic and E.U. students, I find the system here insane at every level — in its lack of transparency, in privileging the privileged and in through-the-roof costs.

In this land of the free market, the author is right: The college admission process needs scrutiny and accountability. And even a measure of regulation.

Blanche Tax Queens

The most remarkable aspect of Daniel Currell’s piece on admissions to selective colleges is the rare mention of the quality of education, such as the concession that we might “shift our cultural focus toward the hundreds of schools that offer an excellent education but are not luxury brands.”

The education quality offered at those hundreds of schools is often no less than that of the so-called “elite” schools. And that quality is less likely to be influenced by big-money donors.

Mr. Currell has made it clear that the brand, and not the education, is what has become important. Students are going to school not to learn, but to get a badge. And they carry that attitude throughout life.

External displays become more important than interior satisfaction with genuine accomplishment and contribution. The real problem is the very notion of elitism. Why do we want to train people to be snobs? To what end?

Joel Solow Newark, N.J.

I would like to point out one omission in an otherwise interesting article regarding higher education admissions: Much of the breakdown of the admissions process is due to the substantial increase in the number of applications that students submit.

For example, the Common Application reports that the number of college applications increased by 39 percent between 2019 and 2023 (the number of applicants also increased, by 28 percent).

When I applied to college in the late 1950s, students typically applied to three or so colleges (including a stretch school like the Ivies, a safe school like a state college and something in between). This was also the case when my children applied to college in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

But this past year, my grandchildren could apply to up to 20 colleges via the Common Application (although on average students apply to around six colleges). This greatly increases the number of applications that college admissions officers needed to consider.

It was increases in the number of applications that students submitted that contributed to the breakdown.

Marlaine Lockheed Princeton, N.J.

Daniel Currell’s essay catalogs the problems, but offers no solution. A year ago, before my son knew he would be among the more than 100,000 applicants rejected from his dream school (U.C.L.A.), he was looking at the required classes and asked, “Why can’t I just study what I want to study?” “You can,” I answered. “Go to school in the U.K.”

My son had bad grades in classes that didn’t interest him, and was generally unsuccessful applying to U.S. colleges. But he is brilliant, and managed top scores on eight Advanced Placement exams. He got several offers from U.K. colleges, and is now at University College London, which is regularly ranked among the top in the world.

U.K. universities are considerably more costly for international students than for U.K. ones. But for students who are good at studying, they are an excellent alternative to the U.S. beauty contest.

Wayne Camard Palo Alto, Calif.

Re “ The Best College Is One Where You Don’t Fit In ,” by Michael S. Roth (Opinion guest essay, nytimes.com, May 5):

For students who have had a comfortable and fulfilling K-12 social life, going to a more diverse and socially uncomfortable setting is indeed a good choice. But for the many adolescents who have struggled to find their tribe, choosing a college where they can finally develop a strong social network is critical.

Katharine H. McVeigh New York

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1,500 college applicants thought they were accepted. They soon learned it was an error

Jonathan Franklin

Applicants to Georgia State University received a welcome email for the 2024-25 school year. However, the email was sent in error to 1,500 applicants by the school's admissions office. Here, the campus celebrates its fall commencement exercises on Dec. 17, 2014, in Atlanta. Meg Buscema/Georgia State University hide caption

Applicants to Georgia State University received a welcome email for the 2024-25 school year. However, the email was sent in error to 1,500 applicants by the school's admissions office. Here, the campus celebrates its fall commencement exercises on Dec. 17, 2014, in Atlanta.

An unfortunate mistake caused 1,500 people who applied for admission to Georgia State University in Atlanta to celebrate their acceptance a little too early.

The affected students who applied for admission for the 2024-25 school year received a welcome email from the university on April 29, congratulating them on their acceptance.

However the university said the students, who had incomplete applications, received the welcome email by mistake.

In a statement to NPR, a university spokesperson, Jo Ann Herold, said the 1,500 students were not sent an official acceptance letter but were sent "communication from an academic department" that welcomed students who intend to major in their prospective academic area.

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The university says the following day, the 1,500 applicants were sent a follow-up communication explaining the error. Herold said the university encouraged the students to complete their applications so they could be considered for admission.

The university did not say what led to the error. Some applicants have now completed their applications and have since received official acceptance decisions.

"The Admissions Office at Georgia State University apologizes for any confusion, disappointment, or inconvenience this miscommunication may have caused," Herold told NPR.

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The miscommunication from the university left some applicants, like Vanessa Peters' daughter, feeling disappointed.

Peters, whose daughter applied for admission to the university, told Atlanta station WSB-TV that her daughter was thrilled to learn that she had been accepted — only to find a day later that her acceptance email was sent by mistake.

"It's heartbreaking," Peters said.

"She really won't talk about it. She wouldn't come out of her room all day. She's just very disappointed," Peters told WSB-TV.

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In 2018, the university made a similar error when roughly 1,300 prospective graduate students received messages that alluded to them being accepted, despite being initially rejected, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution reported .

The university, at the time, told the newspaper that the employee who made the error was retrained and that campus officials were to review the system used to notify applicants to prevent future mistakes.

• college admissions
• Georgia State University