case study reaching the age of adolescence class 8

Reaching the Age of Adolescence

Class 8 - ncert science solutions.

What is the term used for chemical secretions of endocrine glands responsible for changes taking place in the body?

The term used for chemical secretions of endocrine glands responsible for changes taking place in the body are Hormones.

Define adolescence.

The period of life, when the body undergoes changes, leading to reproductive maturity, is called adolescence. In other words, adolescence is transitional phase of growth and development between childhood and adulthood.

What is menstruation? Explain.

In females, with the onset of puberty, the ova begins to mature. One ovum matures and is released by one of the ovaries once in about 28 to 30 days. During this period, the wall of the uterus becomes thick so as to receive the egg. If fertilisation does not occur, the released egg, and the thickened lining of the uterus along with its blood vessels are shed off. This causes bleeding in women which is called menstruation. Menstruation occurs once in about 28 to 30 days.

List changes in the body that take place at puberty.

Following are the changes that take place at puberty :

• Body becomes capable of reproduction.
• Sudden increase in height.
• Growth in shoulders and muscles in boys
• Change in voice and protruding voice box or the larynx in boys
• The secretion of sweat glands and sebaceous glands (oil glands) increases causing acne.
• At puberty, male sex organs like the testes and penis develop completely. The testes also begin to produce sperms.
• Boys begin to grow facial hair, that is, moustaches and beard. Boys also develop hair on their chest, underarm and pubic area.
• Development of breast in girls.
• In girls, the region below the waist becomes wider.
• Ovary matures and begin to release egg.
• Girls develop hair in underarm and pubic area.

Prepare a Table having two columns depicting names of endocrine glands and hormones secreted by them.

Below table shows the names of endocrine glands and hormones secreted by them:

What are sex hormones? Why are they named so? State their function.

Hormones released from sex organs are referred as sex hormones. They are named so because they affect the sexual organs and characters.

The sex hormones and their functions are as follows :

• Male sex hormone is Testosterone released from testis. Testosterone induces puberty-related physical changes, including increased muscle, face, pubic, and body hair growth, voice deepening, and sexual and reproductive development.
• Female sex hormone is estrogen which is released from ovary. It plays role in maintenance of menstrual cycle, development of breast.

Question 7(a)

Adolescents should be careful about what they eat, because

• proper diet develops their brains.

proper diet is needed for the rapid growth taking place in their body.

• adolescents feel hungry all the time.
• taste buds are well developed in teenagers.

Reason — Adolescence is a period of rapid growth. Therefore, a proper growth requires ample of nutrition.

Question 7(b)

Reproductive age in women starts when their

menstruation starts.

• breasts start developing.
• body weight increases.
• height increases.

Reason — Start of menstruation marks end of puberty and start of reproductive age.

Question 7(c)

The right meal for adolescents consists of

• chips, noodles, coke.

chapati, dal, vegetables.

• rice, noodles and burger.
• vegetable cutlets, chips and lemon drink.

Reason — Junk food will not provide the required amount of nutrition.

Write notes on :

(a) Adam's apple.

(b) Secondary sexual characters.

(c) Sex determination in the unborn baby.

(a) Adam's apple — At puberty, the voice box or the larynx begins to grow. Boys develop larger voice boxes. The growing voice box in boys can be seen as a protruding part of the throat called Adam's apple. Sometimes, the muscles of the growing voice box go out of control and the voice becomes hoarse. This state may remain for a few days or weeks after which the voice becomes normal.

(b) Secondary sexual characters — Secondary sexual characters are responsible for the features that help to distinguish the male from the female. Secondary sexual characters in boys are development of pubic hair, facial hair and hair on chest. Development of breast in girls is also a secondary sexual character.

(c) Sex determination in the unborn baby — All human beings have 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nuclei of their cells. Two chromosomes out of these are the sex chromosomes, named X and Y. A female has two X chromosomes, while a male has one X and one Y chromosome. The gametes (egg and sperm) have only one set of chromosomes. The unfertilised egg always has one X chromosome. But sperms are of two kinds. One kind has an X chromosome, and the other kind has a Y chromosome. When a sperm containing X chromosome fertilises the egg, the zygote would have two X chromosomes and develop into a female child. If the sperm contributes a Y chromosome to the egg (ovum) at fertilisation, the zygote would develop into a male child.

Word game : Use the clues to work out the words.

Across 3. Protruding voice box in boys. 4. Glands without ducts. 7. Endocrine gland attached to brain. 8. Secretion of endocrine glands. 9. Pancreatic hormone. 10. Female hormone.

Down 1. Male hormone. 2. Secretes thyroxine. 3. Another term for teenage. 5. Hormone reaches here through blood stream. 6. Voice box. 7. Term for changes at adolescence.

The solution of word puzzle is given below:

Across 3. Adam's Apple. 4. Endocrine. 7. Pituitary. 8. Hormone. 9. Insulin. 10. Estrogen.

Down 1. Testosterone. 2. Thyroid. 3. Adolescence. 5. Target Site. 6. Larynx. 7. Puberty.

Question 10

The table below shows the data on likely heights of boys and girls as they grow in age. Draw graphs showing height and age for both boys and girls on the same graph paper. What conclusions can be drawn from these graphs?

The following conclusions can be drawn from these graphs:

• From 0 to 8 years, height of boys increases more than girls so boys are generally a little taller than girls in this age group.
• Both boys and girls experience a sudden increase in height during puberty.
• At the onset of puberty when the adolescence period starts (around 12 years), height of girls show a sudden increase and they become taller than boys.
• Around the age of 16, height of boys catches up with girls and both are equally tall.
• Afterwards, the height increases and becomes stable around 20 years of age with height of boys being a little more than girls.

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Important Questions for CBSE Class 8 Science Chapter 10 - Reaching The Age of Adolescence

• Class 8 Important Question
• Chapter 10: Reaching The Age Of Adolescence

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Study Important Questions for Class 8 Science Chapter 10 – Reaching Age of Adolescence

Very Short Answer Questions: 1 Marks

1. The period of maturity of reproductive organs is called ___________. 

A. adolescence period B. menstruation 

C. gestation period D. none of these

Ans: A. adolescence period

2. Puberty age in females is __________. 

A. 10-12 B. 12-14

C. 8-10 D. more than 14 years

Ans: A. 10-12

3. 3. There are _____ pairs of chromosomes in human cells. 

A. 23 B. 46 C. 22 D. 44

4. Bleeding in women in about 28 to 30 days is called the ___________ phase. 

A. menarche B. menopause 

C. menstruation D. bleeding

Ans: C. menstruation

5. The physical and mental well-being of an individual is called an individual’s ___. 

A. health B. disorder 

C. growth D. nurturing

Ans: A. health

6. Egg is a ________. 

A. egg gamete B. female gamete 

C. male gamete D. diploid cell

Ans: B. female gamete

7. Initially, girls grow _____ than boys. 

A. faster B. slower 

C. at same pace D. none of these

Ans: A. faster

8. Adolescents should be totally away from _______. 

A. cold drinks B. fast food 

C. drugs D. sweets

Ans: C. drugs

9. Which one of the following regulates the growth of an individual? 

A. insulin B. growth hormone 

C. adrenalin D. testosterone

Ans: B. growth hormones.

10. Define puberty.

Ans: The process by which a child's body evolves into an adult body and achieves sexual maturity is known as puberty. With most children it occurs generally around 10-12 years of age.

11. What is Adam's apple?

Ans: At puberty, a bigger voice box develops in boys, which can be seen as a projecting region of the throat. This is referred to as Adam's apple.

12. Define hormones.

Ans: Hormones are chemical substances produced by the endocrine glands.

13. Define adolescence.

Ans: Adolescence is the stage of life when the body experiences changes that lead to reproductive maturity. Adolescence begins around the age of eleven and lasts until the age of eighteen or nineteen.

14. What are secondary sexual characters?

Ans: Secondary sexual traits are characteristics that help distinguish a man from a woman. For example, boy’s moustaches and beards, and development of breasts in females.

15. Which hormones help in the development of secondary sexual characters?

Ans: In males and females, testosterone and estrogens respectively aid in the development of secondary sexual characteristics.

Short Answer Questions: 3 Marks

16. What is pituitary gland? Name the hormones secreted by it?

Ans: The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that regulates the activity of all other glands in the body. Some of the hormones secreted by pituitary gland are as follows:

Growth Hormones

Thyroid-stimulating hormone, etc.

17. What do you mean by target site?

Ans: Endocrine glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream in order for them to reach a specific body part known as a target site. Target sites respond to hormones in various ways.

18. Write a short note on the reproduction phase in humans.

Ans: When adolescent’s testes and ovaries begin to create gametes in males and females respectively, they are able to reproduce. Males have a substantially longer capability for maturation and the creation of gametes than females. The reproductive period of  females begins in  puberty at the age of 10 to 12 years and lasts until about 45 to 50 years of age. The reproductive phase of  males begins in puberty at the age of 11 to 13 years and lasts a lifetime.

19. What do you mean by: 

a. Menstruation: Normal vaginal bleeding that happens as part of a woman's monthly cycle is known as menstruation, or period. Your body prepares for pregnancy every month. The uterus or womb removes its lining if no pregnancy develops. Menstrual blood is a mixture of blood and tissue from the uterus.

b. Menarche: The first menstrual cycle in a female adolescent is known as menarche.

c. Menopause: Menopause is the term used to describe the end of a woman's menstrual cycle.  Menopause could hit in the forties or fifties.

20. Complete the Following Table:

21. What are sex chromosomes?

Ans: A sex hormone is a chemical substance produced by a sex gland or other organ that affects an organism's sexual characteristics. In the nucleus of all human cells, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes. The sex chromosomes, X and Y, are two of these chromosomes. Males have one X and one Y chromosome, while females have two X chromosomes.

22. Why are drugs harmful for the human body?

Ans: The effects of drugs can differ from one person to the next. Drugs can have both short and long-term consequences. Physical and psychological problems, as well as dependency, can occur. The more you use a drug, the more likely it is that you may develop a tolerance to its side effects. The central nervous system of your body is affected by drugs. They have an impact on how you think, feel, and act. Three major types of drugs are as follows:

Hallucinogens 

23. Write a short note on AIDS.

Ans: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a chronic, potentially fatal disease (HIV). HIV is a sexually transmitted illness that affects both men and women (STI). It can also be passed from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breast-feeding and by contact with infected blood. Although there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, drugs can significantly decrease the disease's course. AIDS weakens our immune system drastically. The following are few known symptoms of AIDS:

Muscles Ache and Joint Pains

Weight Loss, etc.

Long Answer Questions: 5 marks

24. Differentiate between changes occurring in males and females at puberty.

25. How is sex of a child determined?

Ans: I n the nucleus of all human cells, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes.

The sex chromosomes, X and Y, are two of these chromosomes. There is just one set of chromosomes in the gametes (egg and sperm). One X chromosome is always present in an unfertilized egg. However, there are two types of sperm. The X chromosome is found in one type, whereas the Y chromosome is found in the other. During fertilisation, if the X chromosome of the female egg combines with the X chromosome of male, it develops into a female child and if X chromosome of the female egg combines with Y chromosome of male, it develops into a male child.

26. Why should adolescents have a balanced diet?

Ans: Adolescence is a period of rapid development and growth. Regular healthy diet is required to achieve optimum physical, mental, emotional, and psychological wellness. As a result, an adolescent's nutrition must be carefully planned. A balanced diet is one in which the proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins are all present in the proper quantities.

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Class 8 Science Chapter 10 Important Questions Wise Marks Weightage

Chapter 10 of Class 8 Science NCERT book is titled ‘Reaching the Age of Adolescence.’ In this chapter, students will get to learn about all the changes that the human body goes through during the age of adolescence and while growing up. Students are required to answer questions of marks 1, 2, 3, and 5 from this chapter. This is why it is recommended that students should solve all NCERT questions and practice drawing all the images.

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Exploring the essential questions in CBSE Class 8 Science Chapter 10 - "Reaching the Age of Adolescence" delves into the intricacies of this critical life stage. From understanding physical changes to grasping the emotional aspects, these questions pave the way for a comprehensive comprehension of adolescence, enabling students to navigate this transformative period with knowledge and awareness.

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4. What is AIDs?

AIDS, or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, is a chronic, possibly deadly condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Despite the fact that there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, medicines can dramatically slow the progression of the illness. HIV is a sexually transmitted infection that affects men and women alike (STI). It can also be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding, as well as by contact with contaminated blood. Our immune system is severely weakened by AIDS. The complete explanation along with important questions of Class 8 Chapter 10 is easily available on Vedantu app and website. 

5. What is menstruation? Explain.

With the start of adolescence in females, the ova or eggs begin to mature. One egg matures and is released by one of the ovaries once every 28 to 30 days. The uterine wall thickens at this time in order to receive the fertilized egg. If it is fertilized, it will begin to grow. If fertilization does not occur, the ovum or released egg, as well as the thicker uterine lining and its blood vessels, are lost.

6. What changes in the body take place at puberty?

Some of the changes in the body that take place at puberty:

Most teens get acne and pimples on their faces as a result of increased perspiration and sebaceous gland production.

Hair begins to develop in various areas of males and girls.

Boys' shoulders broaden and muscles become more apparent. The areas below the waist get broader in girls.

Boys' voices get hoarse, while girls' voices become shrill.

Both boys and girls experience a dramatic gain in height. Both, however, achieve their maximum height between the ages of 17 and 18.

7. What are sex hormones?

Sex hormones are hormones that aid and govern the development of secondary sexual characteristics. They're called sex hormones because they regulate sexual activity and are secreted independently by males and females. Estrogen is another name for female sex hormones. It is released by the ovaries and regulates secondary sexual characteristics in females. Testosterone is another name for a male sex hormone. It is produced by the testes and induces secondary sexual character changes in boys. Understand  Class 8 Chapter 10 easily on Vedantu. 

8. What is Adam’s apple?

During puberty, the larynx expands and protrudes from the front of the throat. Adam's apple is what it's called. The size of the voice box, or larynx, expands throughout puberty, causing a shift in the voice of both males and girls. This is a consequence of puberty. The voice box in boys protrudes from the upper portion of the neck, just below the chin, and is known as Adam's apple. To know more, solve the important questions by visiting the page Important questions for Class 8 Science and  download a free PDF of the same.

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Chapter 10 Class 8 - Reaching The Age Of Adolescence

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Teachoo provides Notes, NCERT Solutions, Worksheets of Chapter 10 Class 8 - Reaching The Age Of Adolescence. 

In this chapter, we will learn

What is the meaning of Adolescence and Puberty

Different changes during Puberty

What are P rimary and Secondary Sexual Characteristics ?

What is the meaning of Menstruation, Menopause and Menarche

Comparison between Reproductive Phases of Males and Females

How is the sex of baby determined?

What are Hormones

What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Different Sexual and Non Sexual Hormones

Role of Hormones in Metamorphosis

How to Maintain Reproductive Health ?

What is AIDS ? How do we get it? How can we prevent it?

• What are the harmful effect of adolescent pregnancy ?

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• Reaching the Age of Adolescence Class 8 Case Study Questions Science Chapter 7

Last Updated on April 23, 2024 by XAM CONTENT

Hello students, we are providing case study questions for class 8 science. Case study questions are the new question format that is introduced in CBSE board. The resources for case study questions are very less. So, to help students we have created chapterwise case study questions for class 8 science. In this article, you will find case study questions for cbse class 8 science chapter 7 Reaching the Age of Adolescence

Table of Contents

Case Study Questions on Reaching the Age of Adolescence

Question 1:

Read the given passage below and answer the question:

The most conspicuous change during puberty is the sudden increase in height. At this time the long bones, that is, the bones of the arms and the legs elongate and make a person tall. All parts of the body do not grow at the same rate. Sometimes the arms and legs or hands and feet of adolescents look oversized and out of proportion with the body. But soon the other parts catch up and result in a proportionate body. You must have noticed that height of an individual is more or less similar to that of some family member. This is because height depends on the genes inherited from parents. It is, however, very important to eat the right kind of food during these growing years. This helps the bones, muscles and other parts of the body get adequate nourishment for growth.

Q.1. Puberty begins at the age of: (a) 15 years (b) About 11 years (c) 20 years (d) 8 years

Difficulty Level: Easy

Ans. Option (b) is correct. Explanation: The period of life, when the body undergoes changes, leading to reproductive maturity, is called adolescence. These changes mark the onset of puberty. Adolescence begins around the age of 11 and lasts upto 18 or 19 years of age.

Q. 2. The right diet during the time of adolescence should include: (a) Proteins (b) Vitamins (c) Carbohydrates (d) All of these

Ans. Option (d) is correct. Explanation: Adolescence is a stage of rapid growth and development. Hence, the diet for an adolescent has to be carefully planned. They should take a balanced diet that includes proteins, carbohydrates, fats and vitamins in requisite proportions.

Q.3. Give any two changes that take place at puberty other than those mentioned in the given passage.

Ans. (i) Change in voice (ii) Growth of body hairs.

Q.4. Apart from taking a healthy balanced diet what is the other requirement to have a healthy adolescence period?

Difficulty Level: Medium

Ans. Apart from taking a healthy balanced diet adolescents should maintain personal hygiene. All parts of the body should be washed and cleaned everyday. It is more necessary for teenagers because the increased activity of sweat glands sometimes makes the body smelly. Girls should take special care of cleanliness during the time of menstrual flow.

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• Learn about adolescence and puberty in humans.
• Know about the changes that take place in the body during this period.
• Know about the development of secondary sexual characters and reproductive organs during puberty.
• Learnabout the role of hormones in bringing up puberty.
• Know about how the sex of an unborn child is determined

The period of life, when the body undergoes changes, leading to reproductive maturity, is called adolescence. Adolescents are also called teenagers because they cover the period of the ‘teens’, i.e., 13 to 18 or 19 years of age. This chapter deals with adolescence and puberty.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Reaching the Age of Adolescence Case Study Questions

Q1: what are case study questions for cbse examinations.

A1: Case study questions in CBSE examinations typically involve scenarios or real-life examples, requiring students to apply their understanding of concepts to solve problems or analyze situations.

Q2: Why are case study questions important for understanding class 8 science chapters?

A2: Case study questions provide a practical context for students to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world situations, fostering deeper understanding and critical thinking skills.

Q3: How should students approach answering case study questions for CBSE?

A3: Students should carefully read the case study, identify the key issues or problems presented, analyze the information provided, apply relevant concepts and principles of reaching the age of adolescence, and formulate well-supported solutions or responses.

Q4: Are there any resources available online for students to practice case study questions on class 8 science chapters for CBSE exams?

A4: Yes, several educational websites offer case study questions for CBSE students preparing for science examinations. We also offer a collection of case study questions for all classes and subject on our website. Visit our  website  to access these questions and enhance your learning experience.

Q5: How can students effectively prepare for case study questions on reaching the age of adolescence for CBSE exams?

A5: Effective preparation strategies include regular revision of concepts, solving practice questions, analyzing case studies from previous exams, seeking clarification on doubts, and consulting with teachers or peers for guidance and support.

Q6: How can teachers incorporate case study questions on reaching the age of adolescence class 8 science into classroom teaching?

A6: Teachers can integrate case studies into lesson plans, group discussions, or interactive activities to engage students in active learning, promote problem-solving skills, and facilitate a deeper understanding of adolescence and puberty.

Q7: Name the hormones that trigger the onset of puberty in males and females.

A7: In females: Estrogen; In Males: Testosterone

Q8: Why teenagers develop acne and pimples on face during puberty?

A8: Puberty marks increased secretions from sweat and sebaceous glands due to which teens develop acne and pimples.

Q9: What is adolescence or puberty? What initiates this stage?

A9: The period of life, when the body undergoes changes, leading to reproductive maturity, is called adolescence. The age of adolescence marks the onset of puberty. The secretions from endocrine glands called hormones initiate and control the changes during puberty

Q10: What is Adam’s Apple?

A10: Adam’s Apple: At puberty, the voice box or the larynx begins to grow. Boys develop larger voice boxes. The growing voice box in boys can be seen as a protruding part of the throat called Adam’s apple. In girls, the larynx is hardly visible from the outside because of its small size. Generally, girls have a high pitched voice, whereas boys have a deep voice. In adolescent boys, sometimes, the muscles of the growing voice box go out of control and the voice becomes hoarse. This state may remain for a few days or weeks after which the voice becomes normal.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 10 Reaching the Age of Adolescence

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Reaching the Age of Adolescence

Ncert revision notes chapter 10 reaching the age of adolescence class 8 science.

• Adolescence

→ Increase in height

→ Change in body shape

→ Change in the voice pattern

→ Change in activity of sweat and sebaceous glands

→ Change in sex organs

→ Change in intellectual level

• Secondary sexual characteristics in boys

• Secondary sexual characteristics in girls

→ Characteristics of hormones

• Endocrine glands

→ Pituitary gland

→ Thyroid gland

→ Parathyroid gland

→ Adrenal gland

• Historical background and discovery of HIV

→ Structure of HIV

→ Transmission of HIV

→ Prevention of HIV

→ Tests for detection of HIV

• Personal health and hygiene in adolescents

• Sex determination in humans

→ The time period when the body undergoes changes to reach reproductive maturity is known as

adolescence.

→ It begins around the age of 11 and lasts till about 18 or 19 years of age.

→ Adolescence in girls can begin one or two years earlier than boys.

→ The various changes that occur in the body during adolescence marks the onset of puberty.

→ Puberty ends when teenagers attain sexual maturity.

→ Changes that take place during puberty

Increase in height

→ It is caused by the growth in long bones of the arms and legs.

→ Girls grow faster than boys initially but both reach their maximum height by the age of 18

Change in body shape

→ Boys develop broader shoulders, wider chests, and prominent muscles.

→ In girls the region below the waist becomes wider.

Change in the voice pattern

→ Voice box or larynx starts growing during puberty.

→ It protrudes in males in the neck region and is called Adam’s apple.

→ Boys develop deep low-pitched voice.

→ Girls develop high-pitched voice.

Change in activity of sweat and sebaceous glands

→ The activity of sweat glands increases during puberty, resulting in production of more sweat.

→ The oily secretions from sebaceous glands increase. The accumulation of oil and bacterial action leads to acne problems in teenagers.

Changes in sex organs

→ Testes and penis develop completely in boys.

→ Testes start producing sperms.

→ Ovaries develop completely and start producing eggs in girls.

Change in intellectual level

→ The learning capacity of brain increases.

→ Intellectual development takes place during adolescence.

→ Development of secondary sexual characteristics.

→ Appearance of moustaches and beard.

→ Appearance of hair on chest.

→ Growth of hair in genital area and other parts.

→ Increase in breast size

→ Growth of hair in the pubic region.

→ Hormones are chemical secretions that bring about various changes in the body.

→ They are produced by endocrine glands.

→ These glands release hormones into blood to reach specific target site.

→ Production of hormones is under the control of hormones produced from pituitary gland.

Characteristics of hormones

→ Hormones act as chemical messengers.

→ They are secreted by living cells/tissues or organs called glands.

→ They are secreted in very small quantities by glands.

→ They act upon specific cells, tissues, or organs called the target sites.

→ They are generally slow in action, but have long lasting effects.

→ They either accelerate or inhibit a reaction.

→ Hormones are secreted by endocrine glands such as the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas etc.

• Major endocrine glands in humans are

(i) Pituitary

(ii) Hypothalamus

(iii) Pineal

(iv) Thyroid

(v) Parathyroid

(vi) Thymus

(vii) Pancreas

(viii) Adrenal

(ix) Testis in men /ovary in women

→ A feedback mechanism (positive and negative) regulates the action of the hormones.

Pituitary gland

→ It is a pea sized gland situated at the base of the brain. It secretes a growth hormone (GH).

→ It is required for proper body growth.

→ The hyposecretion of growth hormone causes a condition called dwarfism.

→ The hypersecretion causes gigantism in children and acromegaly in adults.

Thyroid gland

→ It is located close to trachea in the neck. It produces a hormone called thyroxine.

→ It is required for regulating metabolism in the body.

→ The hyposecretion of thyroxine causes hypothyroidism.

→ This condition causes abnormalities like simple goitre, myxoedema and cretinism.

→ Lack of iodine leads to deficiency of thyroxine, which results in a disease called goitre.

→ The excess secretion of thyroxine causes hyperthyroidism. It results in high metabolism, protrusion of the eye balls, high BP, nervous tension, etc.

Parathyroid Gland

→ There are four parathyroid glands present on back side of thyroid glands that secrete parathyroid hormone or parathormone (PTH).

→ This hormone regulates the level of calcium ions in the bloodstream.

→ Excess of parathyroid hormone removes calcium from bones and makes them soft.

→ It produces two hormones- Insulin and Glucagon.

→ These hormones maintain blood sugar level.

→ Deficiency of insulin results in diabetes.

Adrenal Gland

→ There are two adrenal glands located one on upper part of each kidney.

→ It has two parts- cortex and medulla.

→ Cortex secretes the hormones like cortisol that regulates the rate of metabolism.

→ The medulla secretes a hormone like adrenaline that prepares the body to face various stressful situations.

→ It includes testes in males and ovaries in females.

→ Male sex hormone is testosterone. It is produced by the testes on the onset of puberty.

→ Female sex hormones produced by ovaries are estrogen and progesterone.

→ Deficiency of estrogen causes infertility.

→ Process of Hormonal Action

→ Endocrine glands release their secretions (hormones) into the bloodstream.

→ Hormones, on reaching their target site, bring about necessary changes to maintain proper functioning of the body.

→ The first cases of AIDS were recognized in U.S.A in the year 1981.

→ The AIDS virus was first discovered by the team of French scientists lead by Luc Montagnier in1983.

→ In 1984, the American virologist named Robert Charles Gallo gave the first report on the virus causing AIDS.

→ The name HIV was suggested by the International committee on the nomenclature of viruses.

→ In India the firsts AIDS patient was identified in Chennai in the year 1987.

→ AIDS or Acquired Immune deficiency syndrome is a viral disease, caused by the deadly virus (HIV).

Structure of HIV

→ Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is spherical in shape and contains RNA as its genetic material.

→ Externally, the virus is covered by the double layered membrane made up of fatty substances.

→ Inside the fatty membrane a core of proteins is found that surrounds the viral RNA along with the enzyme reverse transcriptase.

Transmission of HIV

→ Sharing of syringes during drug abuse.

→ Unsafe sexual contact.

→ Transfusion of infected blood

→ From infected mother to her infant through milk.

Prevention of HIV

→ Avoid sexual contact with infected persons

→ Ensure use of disposable syringes

→ Screening blood from blood banks

Tests for detection of HIV

→ PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

→ ELISA (Enzyme linked Immuno Sorbent Assay)

→ Western Blot

→ Adolescents should have a balanced diet with right proportions of various nutrients.

→ Adolescents should maintain cleanliness to prevent bacterial infections.

→ They should indulge in some physical exercises to keep their bodies fit.

→ They should avoid the consumption of drugs and alcohol.

• Autosomes:  First 22 pairs of chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual.

• Sex chromosomes:  Last pair of chromosomes, represented as X and Y.

→ Females have two X chromosomes,so can be represented as 44+XX.

→ Males have one X and one Y chromosome, so can be represented as 44+XY.

→ Each gamete receives half of the chromosomes i.e. 22+X or 22+Y.

→ Male gametes have 22 autosomes and either X or Y sex chromosome.

→ Male gametes can be of two types, 22+X or 22+Y.

→ Female gametes can be of only one type, 22+X.

→ Sex of a baby is determined by the type of the male gamete (X or Y) that fuses with the female gamete.

NCERT Solutions for Chapter 4 The Age of Industrialisation Class 10 History

Related chapters.

• Crop Production and Management
• Microorganisms : Friend and Foe
• Synthetic Fibres and Plastics
• Materials: Metals and Non-Metals
• Coal and Petroleum

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• NCERT Solutions for Chapter 10 Reaching the Age of Adolescence Class 8 Science

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Reaching the Age of Adolescence Class 8 Extra Questions Science Chapter 10

October 11, 2019 by Sastry CBSE

Reaching the Age of Adolescence Class 8 Extra Questions Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1. What is Adam’s apple? Answer: The protruding part of the throat in males is called Adam’s apple.

Question 2. Name the hormone in female that is produced by ovaries and helps in development of mammary glands. Answer: Estrogen

Question 3. Whose height grow faster initially—boys or girls? Answer: Girls

Question 4. Name a gland which transports secretions through ducts. Answer: Sweat glands/salivary glands/ oil gland (any one).

Question 5. What is puberty? Answer: The age at which boys and girls become capable of reproduction.

Question 6. What are hormones? Answer: The chemical substances produced by endocrine glands are called hormones.

Question 7. How long is a woman’s reproductive life lasts? Answer: Menarche to menopause.

Question 8. Name the female hormone. Answer: Estrogen

Question 9. Which gland is called master gland? Answer: Pituitary gland

Question 10. What is a balanced diet? Answer: The meal that includes all nutrients is called a balanced diet.

Question 11. What is menstruation? Answer: Extrusion of uterus lining and blood along with the unfertilised egg from the vagina is called menstruation.

Question 12. What is menarche? Answer: The first menstrual flow begins at puberty and is termed as menarche.

Question 13. What is menopause? Answer: Stoppage of menstruation is called menopause.

Question 14. What causes goitre? Answer: Deficiency of thyroxine hormone.

Question 15. Which gland secretes thyroxine? Answer: Thyroid gland

Question 16. What are chromosomes? Answer: The thread-like structures in the nucleus are called chromosomes.

Question 17. How many chromosomes are present in human cell? Answer: 23 pairs or 46 chromosomes.

Question 18. How many sex chromosomes are there in human cell? Answer: Two, i.e., one pair.

Question 19. Which hormone is necessary for normal growth of a person? Answer: Growth hormone.

Question 20. Which gland secretes insulin? Answer: Pancreas

Question 21. What causes diabetes? Answer: Deficiency of insulin.

Question 22. Name the chromosome present in a female. Answer: X chromosome

Question 23. Name the chromosome present in a male. Answer: X and Y chromosomes

Question 24. Which chromosome does the unfertilised egg contain? Answer: X chromosome

Question 25. Which hormone balances the proportion of salts in the blood? Answer: Adrenaline

Question 26. What decides the sex of an unborn child? Answer: Sex chromosome of father.

Question 27. Name the glands other than the pituitary gland. Answer: Thyroid, pancreas and adrenals.

Question 28. When does the puberty ends? Answer: uberty ends when an adolescent reaches reproductive maturity.

Question 29. Do the boys and girls undergo same physical changes at puberty? Answer: No

Question 30. Why do we need to have a balanced diet? Answer: To keep the body healthy.

Reaching the Age of Adolescence Class 8 Extra Questions Short Answer Questions

Question 1. What is meant by adolescence? Answer: Growing up is a natural process. The period of life, when the body undergoes several changes leading to reproductive maturity, is cabled adolescence. The adolescence period is 11 to 19 years of age.

Question 2. What is puberty? Answer: The period during which adolescent boys and girls attain sexual maturity and become capable of reproduction is called puberty. Puberty age of female is 10 to 12 years while male puberty age is 12 to 14 years.

Question 3. What is vital change which marks puberty in boys and girls? Answer: During puberty, the human body undergoes several changes, but the most important changes which marks puberty is that boys and girls become capable of reproduction.

Question 4. Why do boys have a hoarse voice at puberty? Answer: The voice box or larynx begins to grow at the onset of puberty. This growing voice box in boys can be seen as a protruding part of the throat called Adam’s apple. This leads to voice becoming hoarse.

Question 5. How does the body shape change at puberty? Answer: Body shape changes differently in boys and girls at puberty. Boys have broader shoulders and wider chests. Their muscles grow more prominently than girls. In girls, the region below the waist becomes wider.

Question 6. Why is adolescence also called teenage? Answer: Adolescence period is generally 11 to 19 years of age. Because the period covers the teens, i.e., 13 to 19 years of age, adolescents are also called teenagers.

Question 7. Why do many young people have acne and pimples during adolescence? Answer: During puberty the secretion of sweat glands and sebaceous glands (oil glands) increases. It develops acne and pimples on the face of young boys and girls.

Question 8. Why are endocrine glands also called ductless glands? Answer: Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the blood stream. So, they are termed as ductless glands. For example, pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, etc.

Question 9. What are secondary sexual characters? Answer: At puberty, in girls, breasts begin to develop, the region below the waist become wider, voice become shriller. Boys begin to grow facial hair, i.e., moustache and beard. Boys also develop hair on their chest, the muscles of the body grow more prominently, develop larger voice box which can be seen as a protruding part of the throat called Adam’s apple. In both boys and girls, hair grows under the arms and in the pubic region. As these features distinguish the male from the female they are called secondary sexual characters.

Question 10. Explain the development of sex organs in male and female. Answer: The male and the female sex organs develop completely at puberty. Male sex organ like testes and penis develop completely. The testes begin to produce the male gametes or sperm. Similarly in girls the ovaries enlarge and egg begins to mature. Ovaries start releasing matured eggs or ovum.

Question 11. Why do changes occur in human body at puberty? Answer: The changes in human body at puberty occur due to release of hormones by different types of glands. Hormones are chemical substances secreted from endocrine glands or endocrine system. Male hormone or testosterone are responsible for changes in male whereas female hormone or estrogen are responsible for changes in female.

Question 12. What is a pituitary gland? Answer: Different types of hormones are secreted by different types of glands. The product of all these hormones is under the control of another hormone secreted from an endocrine gland called pituitary gland.

Question 13. How do hormones work in human body? Answer: Endocrine glands release hormones into the blood stream to reach a particular body part called target site. The target responds to the hormone. There are many endocrine glands or ductless glands in the body.

Question 14. What are sex hormones? How do they work in the human body? Answer: Sex hormones help boys and girls develop sex organs to enable them for reproduction. These hormones lead them to reproductive maturity.

In girls, estrogen makes the breasts develop. Milk secreting glands or mammary glands develop inside the breasts. Ovaries begin to produce eggs. In boys, testosterone is released by testes. Testes begin to release sperms. Changes in boys is also seen due to this hormone.

Question 15. What is menstruation? Answer: At puberty, in girls the ovaries get enlarged and start producing eggs (ovum). One egg matures and is released by one of the ovaries once in about 28 to 30 days. During this period, the wall of the uterus becomes thick so as to receive the egg. If the egg is fertilised then it begins to develop and results in pregnancy. If this egg is not fertilised, the released egg and thickened lining of the uterus along with its blood vessels are shed off causing bleeding in female which is called menstruation. It occurs once in about 28 to 30 days.

Question 16. What are the changes in female at the onset of puberty? Answer: There are several changes in females at the onset of puberty. They are:

• growth of hair in armpit and pubic region.
• development of breasts and mammary glands.
• ovaries get enlarged and begin producing eggs.
• menstruation cycle starts; and
• increased activity of sweat and sebaceous glands.

Question 17. Explain the terms menarche and menopause. Answer: The first menstrual flow begins at puberty and is termed as menarche. At 45 to 50 years of age, the menstrual cycle stops. Stoppage of menstruation is called menopause.

Question 18. What happens when the egg is fertilised? Answer: When the egg is fertilised, it begins to divide and then gets embedded in the uterus for further development. Finally the fertilised egg develops into a foetus.

Question 19. What are the changes in males at puberty? Answer: There are various changes in males at puberty. They are:

• sudden increase in height.
• growth of hair at different parts of body like face, armpit and pubic region, development of moustache and beard.
• development of Adam’s apple in throat, voice becomes hoarse.
• shoulders become broader and chest wider.
• growth of size of reproductive organs like penis, testes begin to produce sperms, etc.

Question 20. What do you mean by reproductive health? Answer: The physical and mental well being of an individual is regarded as an individual’s health. To keep the body healthy, every human being, at any age, needs to have a balanced diet. The person must also observe personal hygiene and undertake adequate physical exercise.

Thus, reproductive health refers to the diseases, disorders and conditions that affect the functioning of the male and female reproductive system during all stages of life.

Question 21. What is the role of hormones in completing the life history of insects and frogs? Answer: Hormones play an important role in the completion of life cycle of insects and frogs. Metamorphosis in insects is controlled by insect hormones. In a frog, it is controlled by thyroxine, the hormone produced by thyroid gland. Thyroxine production requires the presence of iodine in water. Water in which iodine is not, present, the tadpoles cannot become adult.

Question 22. Which hormone is released by pancreas? What is its function? Answer: Insulin is released by pancreatic gland. It regulates sugar metabolism. If insulin is deficient in the body, sugar level becomes high in blood causing diabetes.

Reaching the Age of Adolescence Class 8 Extra Questions Long Answer Questions

Question 1. What changes occur in human at puberty? Answer: There are various changes in human at puberty. They are as follows:

• Change in height: During puberty, there is sudden increase in height in boys and girls. Initially, girls grow faster in height than in boys. But both reach their maximum height at the age of 18 years.
• Change in voice: Boys develop larger voice box or larynx to form protruding part of throat called Adam’s apple making their voice hoarse, girls have high pitched voice.
• Change in body shape: In boys, shoulders broaden and muscles grow more prominently than in girls. In girls the region below the waist becomes wider.
• Secretion of sweat and sebaceous glands (oil glands) in both boys and girls increases and acne or pimples grow on faces of many youths.
• Development of sex organs: In males, testes and penis develop completely. Testes begin producing sperms. In girls, ovaries are enlarged and begin to produce eggs. Both boys and girls reach reproductive maturity.
• In girls, menstruation or periods starts.
• All human beings attain mental, intellectual and emotional maturity at puberty.
• Facial hair like moustache and beard are grown in boys. Hair are grown in armpit and pubic region in both boys and girls. Breasts are developed in girls. These characters are called secondary sexual characters as they distinguish a male from a female.

Question 2. Explain the reproductive phase of life in humans. Answer: Boys and girls become capable of reproduction at puberty because their testes and ovaries begin to release gametes, i.e., sperms and ova respectively. In girls, reproductive phase of life begins at puberty from 10 to 12 years of age and generally lasts till the age of 45 to 50 years. The ova begin to mature with the onset of puberty. The ovum matures and is released by one of the ovaries once in 28 to 30 days.

During this period, the wall of the uterus becomes thick so as to receive the egg, in case it is fertilised and begins to develop. This results in pregnancy. If fertilisation does not occur, the released egg, and the thickened lining of the uterus along with its blood vessels are shed off. This causes menstruation. It occurs once in about 28 to 30 days. The first menstrual flow begin at puberty and is termed as menarche. The menstruation stops at the age of 45 to 50. This stage is known as menopause. In male, the reproductive phase begins at puberty at the ages 14-15 and lasts as long as he is healthy.

When a sperm containing X chromosome fertilises the egg, the zygote would have two X chromosomes and develop into a female child. If the sperm contributes a Y chromosome to the egg (ovum) at fertilisation, the zygote would develop into a male child. Fig. 10.5 shows sex determination in humans.

Question 5. Explain the term reproductive health. What should we do to maintain reproductive health? Answer: The state of physical, mental and social well being of an individual is regarded as an individual’s health. A healthy person is free from disease, tension and anxiety. Reproductive health refers to a state of physical, mental and social well-being in all matters relating to the reproductive system, at all stages of life. We should take following measures to maintain reproductive health:

• To have a balanced diet: As far as practicable, we should have a balanced diet, i.e., a diet contain¬ ing proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates, fats and minerals. We can have our food which contain these nutrients.
• To take physical exercise: We should take physical exercise like morning walk, running, etc., daily.
• To maintain personal hygiene: We should maintain personal hygiene to stay fit and healthy. We should wash our body especially pubic region, armpit, etc., properly.
• Avoid harmful drugs: We should avoid taking harmful drugs and alcohol.

Reaching the Age of Adolescence Class 8 Extra Questions Higher Order Thinking Skills

Question 1. One day Seema’s uncle visited her place. Seema prepared dinner for him. When she was about to put rock salt on the salad, her uncle interrupted her and asked to put iodised salt instead of rock salt. He also advised her to prefer iodised salt instead of rock salt. Why do you think Seema’s uncle advised her to have iodised salt instead of rock salt? Answer: Deficiency of iodine causes goitre disease in our body. This is why Seema’s uncle advised her to have iodised salt.

Question 2. It is said that height of a child depends upon the genes inherited from the parents. Are there factors other than genes that causes variation in height? Answer: Other factors like nutrition, release of growth hormones, exercises, diseases, etc., also have impact on the height of a growing child.

Question 3. Is a woman responsible for the birth of a girl child? Explain. Answer: No, because a woman has eggs of only X chromosomes but a male has sperms of both X and Y chromosomes. It is the type of male chromosome (X or Y) which fuses with the egg and determine the sex of the foetus, i.e., whether it will be male (XY) or female (XX) child.

Question 4. John and Radha were classmates since childhood. When Radha became eleven years old, she developed a little swelling on her neck. She visited the doctor who started medication for her. After a few years, John also developed a slight protrusion on his throat. He got worried and went to the doctor. But, the doctor assured him that it was a normal feature in boys while they are growing up. Can you think of any reasons for the difference in diagnoses? Answer: The swelling on the neck of Radha may be because of insufficient production of thyroxine which results in goitre. However slight protrusion in John’s throat may be due to enlargement of voice box, also known as Adam’s apple, in adolescent boys.

Question 5. Why we should not take medicines or drugs unless prescribed by a doctor? Answer: Certain medicines have specific dosage levels and adverse side effects which if not followed may be proved lethal to us. Drugs can be addictive too and can ruin our health and happiness.

Reaching the Age of Adolescence Class 8 Extra Questions Value-Based Questions

Question 1. Salma had a very soft and smooth skin during her childhood. As she entered adolescence, she developed pimples on her face, her body became taller compared to her face. She got worried of all of the sudden changes. Her mother explained that all these changes are normal and advised her to wash her face at regular intervals.

• Why Salma’s mother advised Salma to wash her face at regular intervals?
• What is the reason for appearance of pimples on her face?
• Why Salma experienced disproportionate growth of the body?
• What values do we get from this?
• Regular face wash keeps the face clean and dry and helps to reduce the pimples.
• During adolescence, secretion of sweat glands and sebaceous glands increases leading to formation of acne and pimples.
• During adolescence, all parts of the body do not grow at the same rate. Sometimes the arms and legs or hands and feet of adolescents look oversized and out of proportion with the body.
• We must be self-aware, must take proper care and diet during the growing period, not get worried or lose our self-esteem.

Activities and Projects Question 1. Find out from your elder relatives about their awareness of the legal status of early marriage. You yourself may get information on it from your teacher, parents, a doctor or the internet. Write a two minute speech explaining why early marriage is not good for the couple. Answer: Our law does not permit the marriages of girls below 18 years of age and the boys below 21 years. Biologically also, it is not good for both boys and girls. Early marriages are not good for the couple due , to following reasons:

• Girls below the age of 18 are not biologically mature enough to produce a baby.
• Boys also are not mature enough to take such a major responsibility to look after their child properly and it creates many hurdles in the socio-economic development, education, maintaining livelihood, etc., of both the boys and girls. .
• The newly born babies also have to suffer many problems regarding their proper care, etc.

Question 2. Collect newspaper cuttings and information in magazines about HIV/AIDS. Write a one page article of 15 to 20 sentences on HIV/AIDS. Answer: Introduction: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It may also be referred to as HIV disease or HIV infection. Following initial infection, a person may experience a brief period of influenza-like illqess. This is typically followed by a prolonged period without symptoms. As the infection progresses, it interferes more and more with the immune system, making the person much more susceptible to common infections, like tuberculosis, as well as opportunistic infections and tumors that do not usually affect people who have working immune systems. The late symptoms of the infection are referred to as AIDS. This stage is often complicated by an infection of the lung known as pneumocystis pneumonia, severe weight loss, skin lesions, or other AIDS-defining conditions.

Transmission: HIV is transmitted primarily via unprotected sex, contaminated blood transfusions,- hypodermic needles, and from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding. Some bodily fluids, such as saliva and tears, do not transmit HIV.

Prevention: Common methods of HIV/AIDS prevention include encouraging and practicing safe sex, needle-exchange programs, and treating those who are infected. There is no cure or vaccine; however, antiretroviral treatment can slow the course of the disease and may lead to a near-normal life expectancy.

Question 3. In our country, according to 2011 census, there are 940 adolescent females for every 1000 males. Find out (a) the concerns of the community regarding this low ratio. Remember that the chance of having a boy or a girl is equal. (b) what amniocentesis is and how useful this technique is. Why is its use for identification of sex of the unborn child banned in India? Answer: (a) For a long, our society has been male dominated. There is also a belief that only the son can contin¬ue the lineage and the daughter is other’s property (paraya dhan). This belief leads to girl foeticide as in most cases, people want a son. This results in low sex ratio. (b) Amniocentesis is a medical procedure used in prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities, foetal infections and sex determination. For this a small amount of amniotic fluid, which contains foetal tissues, is sampled from the amniotic sac surrounding a developing foetus using a needle. In India, selective abortion of female foetuses due to preference of male child has enforced Indian Government to ban sex-determination through amniocentesis.

Question 4. Put your ideas together and write a short note on the importance of knowing facts about reproduction. Answer: Sex education or knowing facts about reproduction is very important due to the following reasons:

• To know about the proper age of reproduction.
• To become aware of safe sex, health and hygiene.
• To maintain proper gap between two children because we come to know about different methods of family planning.
• To be aware of myths, superstition, do’s or don’t.

I.Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Choose the correct option. Question 1. The adolescence period is (a) 14 – 20 years (b) 10 – 18 years (c) 11 – 19 years (d) none of these

Question 2. Larynx is called (a) music box (b) voice box (c) respiratory organ (d) sound box

Question 3. Most adolescents attain their maximum height around the age of (a) 22 – 25 years (b) 13-15 years (c) 11 – 12 years (d) 18 – 19 years

Question 4. Initially girls grow (a) slower than boys (b) faster than boys (c) both of these (d) none of these

Question 5. Puberty age in females is (a) 10 – 12 years (b) 12 – 14 years (c) 8-10 years (d) 5-6 years

Question 6. Puberty age in males is (a) 12 – 14 years (b) 13 – 15 years (c) 10 – 12 years (d) 18 -20 years

Question 7. Thyroxine hormone is produced by (a) adrenal gland (b) testes (c) pituitary gland (d) thyroid gland

Question 8. The male hormone is called (a) estrogen (b) testosterone (c) thyroxine (d) insulin

Question 9. The female hormone is called (a) estrogen (b) testosterone (c) adrenaline (d) none of these

Question 10. Menstruation occurs once in about (a) 28 to 30 days (b) 25 to 30 days (c) 45 to 50 days (d) none of these

Question 11. The number of chromosomes present in human cell are (a) 25 pairs (b) 22 pairs (c) 23 pairs (d) none of these

Question 12. The number of sex chromosomes are (a) three (b) two (c) four (d) none of these

Question 13. The age of menopause stage is (a) 45 to 50 years (b) 40 to 45 years (c) 50 to 55 years (d) none of these

Question 14. The unfertilised egg always has __________ chromosome (a) X (b) Y (c) XY (d) XX

Question 15. A female has (a) XY chromosomes (b) YY chromosomes (c) XX chromosomes (d) none of these

Question 16. The gametes have only (a) one set of chromosomes (b) two sets of chromosomes (c) three sets of chromosomes (d) none of these

Question 17. Which of the following is male gonads? (a) Moustache (b) Chest (c) Testes (d) Hair

Question 18. Production of thyroxine requires (a) magnesium (b) iodine (c) sodium (d) bromine

Question 19. Which of the following determines the sex of the baby? (a) Chromosomes (b) Chloroplast (c) Hormones (d) Pituitary gland

Question 20. Pancreas is responsible for maintaining (a) blood pressure (b) fat metabolism (c) blood glucose level (d) electrolyte balance Answer: 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (a) 11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (c) 16. (a) 17. (c) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (c)

II. Fill in the Blanks Fill in the blanks with suitable word/s. 1. ___________ means to grow into maturity. 2. Children gain height during ___________. 3. The boys and girls passing through the adolescence period are called ___________ or ___________. 4. During puberty, a change in voice takes place due to the increase in the size of ___________ or ___________. 5. The stage when the menstrual cycle stops is called ___________. 6. The ___________ gland helps in controlling the production of both testosterone and estrogen hormones. 7. Diabetes is caused due to the deficiency of ___________ in the body. 8. ___________ is caused due to deficiency of thyroxine hormone. 9. Endocrine glands are also called ___________ glands. 10. ___________ secrets male sex hormones. 11. ___________ secrets female sex hormones. 12. Sex of the unborn child depends on whether the ___________ has ___________ or ___________ chromosomes. 13. Metamorphosis in insects is controlled by ___________ hormone. 14. Metamorphosis in frog is controlled by ___________ hormone. 15. If the water in which tadpoles are growing does not contain sufficient ___________, the tadpoles cannot become adults. 16. In females, the uterine wall thickens to receive the ___________. 17. Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the ___________ for transportation to the ___________. 18. ___________ helps the body to adjust and fight the stress. 19. The development of a caterpillar to an adult butterfly is termed as ___________. 20. The first menstrual flow begins at ___________ and is termed as ___________. Answer: 1. Adolescence 2. puberty 3. adolescents, teenagers 4. voice box, larynx 5. menopause 6. pituitary 7. insulin 8. Goitre 9. ductless 10. Testes 11. Ovary 12. zygote, XX, XY 13. insect 14. thyroxine 15. iodine 16. zygote 17. blood stream, target site 18. Adrenaline 19. metamorphosis 20. puberty, menarche 18. Adrenaline

IV, True or False State whether the given statements are true or false. 1. The age of adolescence is 15 to 20 years. 2. The female puberty starts at the age of 12 to 14 years. 3. Boys have enlarged and well developed Adam’s apple. 4. Insulin is secreted by pituitary gland. 5. The chemical substances secreted by endocrine glands are called hormones. 6. . Estrogen is female hormone. 7. Testosterone is male hormone. 8. There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nuclei of human cell. 9. Menstruation stops in men permanently around the age of 45 to 50 years. 10. The estrogen hormone develops deeper voice in males at puberty. 11. The sex of an unborn child is determined after a foetus is formed. 12. Initially girls grow faster than boys. 13. Thyroxine hormone is released by thyroid gland. 14. Diabetes is caused due to the deficiency of adrenaline hormone. 15. Menstrual cycle in women is controlled by enzyme. 16. Growth hormones are secreted by pituitary glands. 17. Metamorphosis in insects are controlled by growth hormone. 18. Menstruation occurs once in about 28 to 30 days. 19. There are 3 sex chromosomes present in the nuclei of human being. 20. A male has two X chromosomes. 21. The gametes have only one set of chromosomes. 22. The unfertilised egg has two X chromosomes. 23. At puberty, the voice box or the larynx begins to grow. 24. When the zygote has one X and one Y chromosome, a male child is developed. 25. Menopause is the stage when menstruation starts. Answer: 1. False 2. False 3. True 4. False 5. True 6. True 7. True 8. True 9. False 10. False 11. False 12. True 13. True 14. False 15. False 16. True 17. False 18. True 19. False 20. False 21. True 22. False 23. True 24. True 25. False

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Reaching the Age of Adolescence Class 8 MCQ Test (Online Available)

Free mcq test, table of content, reaching the age of adolescence test - 16.

Duration: 10 Mins

Maximum Marks: 10

Read the following instructions carefully.

1. The test contains 10 total questions.

2. Each question has 4 options out of which only one is correct .

3. You have to finish the test in 10 minutes.

4. You will be awarded 1 mark for each correct answer.

5. You can view your Score & Rank after submitting the test.

6. Check detailed Solution with explanation after submitting the test.

7. Rank is calculated on the basis of Marks Scored & Time

Reaching the Age of Adolescence Test - 15

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The chapter Reaching the Age of Adolescence is one of the important chapters in class 8. The highly qualified experts of Selfstudys developed these Reaching the Age of Adolescence class 8 MCQ to test what students have learnt and also helps them to identify their strengths and weaknesses. 

These MCQ on Reaching the Age of Adolescence history class 8 are developed as per the latest pattern of CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education). If a student wants to secure good marks in their exams, then they should attempt Reaching the Age of Adolescence class 8 MCQ. 

The MCQ on Reaching the Age of Adolescence history class 8 is created with detailed explanation of concepts which can help students understand the concepts better and also increases their objective knowledge. 

Format of Reaching the Age of Adolescence Class 8 MCQ 

By regularly practising the MCQ on Reaching the Age of Adolescence History class 8, the students will get to know about the most common repeated questions. They will also get to know about the HOTS Questions (High Order Thinking Skills). The Reaching the Age of Adolescence class 8 MCQ also helps the students to do a thorough revision for their final examinations. 

The Reaching the Age of Adolescence class 8 MCQ is developed as per the question papers of the last 5 years to help the students to give an idea about the most repeated questions and also about the pattern of the examination. 

Steps To Attempt The Reaching the Age of Adolescence Class 8 MCQ 

If students want to attempt Reaching the Age of Adolescence class 8 MCQ, they need to follow the following steps: 

• The first step is to go to the official website of selfstudys i.e. selfstudys.com.

• Click on the three lines on the upper left side, and then tap on the ‘CBSE’ Option, scroll down and click on the option stating ‘MCQ Tests’.

• A page will appear in which there will be options for choosing classes. 
• Choose class 8.

• Now, you have to choose the subject and the chapter. 
• Now, you can attempt Reaching the Age of Adolescence History Class 8 MCQ.

Instructions To Attempt Reaching the Age of Adolescence Class 8 MCQ 

Before starting the Reaching the Age of Adolescence class 8 MCQ, it is advisable for all the students to go through the instructions to attempt the Reaching the Age of Adolescence class 8 MCQ; 

• The total number of questions in the Reaching the Age of Adolescence class 8 MCQ is 10. 
• Out of 4 options in the MCQ on Reaching the Age of Adolescence history class 8, only 1 is correct. 
• The duration in the Reaching the Age of Adolescence history class 8 MCQ will be 10 minutes to ensure time management among the students. 
• For each correct answer, the students will be given 1 mark. 
• After submitting the Reaching the Age of Adolescence class 8 MCQ, all the students can have a look at the answers with detailed information. 
• On the basis of the marks scored in the Reaching the Age of Adolescence class 8 MCQ test and time taken by the student to complete the test, the rank will be calculated. 

How To Prepare for The Reaching the Age of Adolescence Class 8 MCQ? 

All the students should prepare for Reaching the Age of Adolescence class 8 MCQ in the following way to secure good marks in their examination: 

• Start by memorising the important notes: The first step is to brush up all the important notes to create a strong base for the learning if a student is preparing for Reaching the Age of Adolescence history class 8 MCQ. Multiple choice questions is one of the most effective methods to test the skills of students and also it helps to know how well prepared a student is for the exam. 
• Make Acronyms: Another effective method which is advisable for all the students is to make acronyms to prepare for Reaching the Age of Adolescence class 8 MCQ. The procedure for that will be taking the first alphabet of the word and relating it with a word so that it becomes easy for you to remember. 
• Make flashcards: Making flashcards is also an effective way to prepare for the Reaching the Age of Adolescence class 8 MCQ which can help you to explain and relate key terms and names. Flashcards are a great tool if a student wants to do revision after the completion of their preparation. It also helps to recall all the important concepts which is a very important skill in the case of MCQ tests. 
• Put important information into a song which you like: Take a musical tune that is easy to memorise and replace the words with important dates, names and other important things. 
• Quiz yourself: Develop your own questions after going through the CBSE Class 8 syllabus and important notes. After creating 10 questions, test your knowledge to see how well you know the topic and also to identify your strengths and weaknesses. 

How Regular Practice of Reaching the Age of Adolescence Class 8 MCQ Can Help Students Improve Their Scores 

The first thing which a student wants to know after completing the preparation of Reaching the Age of Adolescence history class 8 MCQ, they want to know how well are they actually prepared for the exam

The benefits of Reaching the Age of Adolescence class 8 MCQ are huge, a student can get to know about their strengths and weaknesses and also the areas where they lack. 

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There are numerous benefits of Reaching the Age of Adolescence history class 8 MCQ can help students to improve their marks in examinations. Some of them are: 

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Hacks to Score Well in the Reaching the Age of Adolescence class 8 MCQ

If a student want to score well in the Reaching the Age of Adolescence class 8 MCQ, they can try the following hacks: 

• Read the complete question: It is advisable for students to read the entire question of the MCQ on Reaching the Age of Adolescence history class 8 completely as it helps them to understand the requirement of the question. Students often feel that they know the answer by looking at the question and without reading the complete question, they choose the most logical answer. This mistake is very common among the students. 
• Answer it in your mind first: Answer the question in your mind after reading the Reaching the Age of Adolescence history class 8 MCQ without looking at the options. Try to answer it without looking at the options as it will help you to be completely sure about the answer. 
• Attempt the questions you know first: Students are advised to attempt the questions for which they are completely sure that they know the answer whereas if a student doesn’t know the particular answer, they can skip it. By doing this, no unnecessary time will be wasted and time management will be ensured. 
• Make a guess: Students should make a guess while attempting the Reaching the Age of Adolescence class 8 MCQ because there is no negative marking. So, there is no need to skip any questions. 

How To Select The Correct Answers To The Reaching the Age of Adolescence History Class 8 MCQ?

• Use the process of elimination: After reading the entire questions and all the four options, students can use the process of elimination for the options for which they are 100% sure that they are incorrect. Even if they know the correct option, students are advised to use the elimination process. 
• “All of the above” and “None of the above”:  While attempting the Reaching the Age of Adolescence class 8 MCQ, if you see options like “All of the above” and “none of the above”, prefer not to choose them unless you are 100% sure as students think that this is the correct option.
• Find the answers hidden in the Question: A lot of times, the answers are hidden in the given questions so, try to find the answers hidden in Reaching the Age of Adolescence class 8 MCQ. Try decoding the questions by rereading them as you can find them in the questions itself. 
• True or False Test: Doing a true or false test in Reaching the Age of Adolescence Science Class 8 MCQ can be very beneficial as it can be easier for a student to not consider all the false answer options and choose the correct answer.
• Possibility of two correct answers: If in case, two answers look correct with all of the above options while attempting the Class 8 Reaching the Age of Adolescence of History MCQ, then there is a strong possibility that it is the correct answer option. 

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Class 8 Science Chapter 10 Reaching the Age of Adolescence MCQ with Answers

Class 8 Science Chapter 10 Reaching the Age of Adolescence MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions) with Answers is available here in PDF format. CBSE Class 8 Science Reaching the Age of Adolescence Objective Questions helps the students to understand the concepts thoroughly and to score good marks. Practising these MCQs will help you to answer every question that is being asked in the exams.

At Study Path, you can download PDF of Multiple Choice Questions for Class 8 Chapter 10 Reaching the Age of Adolescence with Answers. Our expert teachers prepared these MCQs on the basis latest exam Pattern. Students can solve these NCERT MCQs before the exam to know their preparation level.

Reaching the Age of Adolescence Class 8 MCQ with Answers

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Question 1. Adolescence is the period of

(a) 5 to 10 years (b) 11 to 19 years (c) 22 to 28 years (d) 30 to 40 years

Answer: (b) 11 to 19 years

Question 2. When a sperm having X-chromosome fuses with the ovum, the child born will be

(a) male (b) female (c) male as well as female twin (d) it depends on the chance of fusion

Answer: (b) female

Question 3. How many pairs of Chromosomes are found in nuclei of their cells?

(a) 22 pairs (b) 23 pairs (c) 24 pairs (d) 25 pairs

Answer: (b) 23 pairs

Question 4. Children gain height during

(a) adolescence (b) endocrine (c) balanced food (d) menarche

Answer: (a) adolescence

Question 5. Testes secrete

(a) thyroxin (b) estrogen (c) testosterone (d) iodine

Answer: (c) testosterone

Question 6. Adam’s apple is

(a) enlarged larynx (b) mammary glands (c) apple of adam (d) red apple

Answer: (a) enlarged larynx

Question 7. The chemical substances which are secreted from endocrine glands are called

(a) puberty (b) hormones (c) estrogen (d) adolescence

Answer: (b) hormones

Question 8. Out of these which one determines the sex of the baby?

(a) Hormones (b) Chloroplast (c) Chromosomes (d) Pituitary gland

Answer: (c) Chromosomes

Question 9. What is the stoppage of menstruation called?

(a) Menarche (b) Menopause (c) Gametes (d) Insulin

Answer: (b) Menopause

Question 10. Which hormone is secreted by adrenal glands?

(a) Adrenalin (b) Insulin (c) Testosterone (d) Estrogen

Answer: (a) Adrenalin

Question 11. Reproduction age in women starts when their

(a) menstruation starts (b) breasts start developing (c) body weight increases (d) height increases

Answer: (a) menstruation starts

Question 12. Which is male gonads?

(a) Hair (b) Chest (c) Moustache (d) Testis

Answer: (d) Testis

Question 13. The beginning of menstruation at puberty is called

(a) ovulation (b) menstruation (c) menarche (d) menopause

Answer: (c) menarche

Question 14. In males, the sex chromosome consists

(a) one X and one Y (b) both X and X (c) both Y and Y (d) one M and one X

Answer: (a) one X and one Y

Question 15. Production of thyroxin requires

(a) sodium (b) magnesium (c) iodine (d) bromine

Answer: (c) iodine

Question 16. The period of life, when the body undergoes changes, leading to reproductive maturity, is called

(a) childhood (b) adolescence (c) Grown up (d) Old age

Answer: (b) adolescence

Question 17. The human body undergoes several changes during adolescence. These changes mark the onset of

(a) Puberty (b) Prematurity (c) Post adolescence (d) ageing

Answer: (a) Puberty

Question 18. Adam’s apple is prominent in

(a) Boys of any age (b) Adolescent girls (c) Girls of any age (d) Adolescent boys

Answer: (d) Adolescent boys

Question 19. Larynx is also called

(a) Voice box (b) Sound box (c) Black box (d) All of the above

Answer: (a) Voice box

Question 20. Acne and pimples on the face is due to secretion of

(a) bile from liver (b) Oil glands during puberty (c) Enzymes in the digestive tract (d) Tear from tear glands

Answer: (b) Oil glands during puberty

Question 21. Testosterone is a hormone found in human ___

(a) Children (b) males and females (c) Females only (d) Males only

Answer: (d) Males only

Question 22. The first menstrual flow is called

(a) Menstruation (b) Mensuration (c) Menarche (d) Menopause

Answer: (c) Menarche

Question 23. Menopause occurs at the age of

(a) 10-12 years in boys (b) 45-50 years in men (c) 10-12 years in girls (d) 45-50 years in women

Answer: (d) 45-50 years in women

Question 24. When a sperm containing Y chromosome fertilizes an egg with X chromosome, the zygote develops into a _____ child

(a) Female (b) Either a male or female (c) Male (d) No child

Answer: (c) Male

Question 25. The change from larvae to adult is called

(a) Metabolism (b) Metamorphosis (c) Metastasis (d) Morphology

Answer: (b) Metamorphosis

Question 26.  Which of the following should an adolescent choose for his/her meal?

(a) Chips, noodles and aerated beverages (b) Vegetable cutlets, chips and lemonade (c) Rice, noodles and popcorn (d) Chapathi, dal and vegetables

Answer: (d) Chapathi, dal and vegetables

Question 27.  The reproductive phase of a woman lies between her _____ and menopause.

(a) menstrual cycle (b) menstruation (c) menarche (d) ovulation

Question 28.  Number of sex chromosomes in a human kidney cell is

(a) One pair (b) Two pairs (c) Three pairs (d) Four pairs

Answer: (a) One pair

Question 29.  A female gamete carries ________ chromosome(s).

(a) one Y (b) one X and one Y (c) two X (d) one X

Answer: (a) one X

Question 30.  HIV virus will not be present in which of the following?

(a) Blood (b) Sweat (c) Breast milk (d) Semen

Answer: (b) Sweat

Question 31.  Puberty in females begins at the age of _____.

(a) 11 to 13 years (b) 16 to 18 years (c) 14 to 16 years (d) 18 to 21 years

Answer: (a) 11 to 13 years

Question 32.  During menstrual bleeding, the fluid that comes out of the vagina contains _____ along with blood.

(a) Embryo (b) ovum (c) sperm (d) zygote

Answer: (b) ovum

Question 33.  The time period when the body undergoes changes, leading to reproductive maturity is called______.

(a) Growth (b) senescence (c) development (d) adolescence

Answer: (c) adolescence

Question 34.  Which of the following viruses causes AIDS?

(a) H1N1 virus (b) Zika virus (c) HIV (d) Rhinovirus

Answer: (c) HIV

Question 35.  In girls, the ovaries and eggs become mature and ovaries begin to release ovum by the process of ______.

(a) Ovulation (b) fertilisation (c) oogamy (d) oogenesis

Answer: (a) Ovulation

Question 36.  Which among the following is the change seen in girls during puberty?

(a) Broader shoulders (b) Cracking of voice (c) Breast development (d) Growth of facial hair

Answer: (c) Breast development

Question 37.  A human gamete has ________ sex chromosome(s).

(a) Four (b) Half (c) Two (d) One

Answer: (d) One

Question 38.  The pituitary gland is located below the ______.

(a) Thalamus (b) medulla oblongata (c) vas deferens (d) hypothalamus

Answer: (d) hypothalamus

Question 39.  Which of the following can spread AIDS?

(a) Eating food with an infected person (b) Hugging an infected person (c) Transfusion of infected blood (d) Mosquito bites

Answer: (c) Transfusion of infected blood

Question 40.  Deficiency of iodine in our diet leads to a condition called:

(a) Diabetes insipidus (b) Goitre (c) Gigantism (d) Infertility

Answer: (b) Goitre

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• CBSE Class 8
• Science Objective Questions
• Chapter 10 Reaching The Age Of Adolescence

CBSE Class 8 Science Chapter 10 Reaching the Age of Adolescence Objective Questions

Chapter 10 of Class 8 Science discusses the role that hormones play in bringing about changes that make a child grow into an adult. To understand the concepts well and score good marks in the board exams, students can try solving the CBSE Class 8 Science Chapter 10 Reaching the Age of Adolescence Objective Questions.

These questions help the students to face exams more fearlessly because the modified exam papers are expected to include more objective questions or Multiple choice questions.

Sub-Topics from Chapter 10

In this article, students can find a complete list of topics that are covered in the CBSE Class 8 Science objective questions.

10.1 Adolescence and Puberty

10.2 Changes at Puberty

10.3 Secondary Sexual Characters

10.4 Role of Hormones In Initiating Reproductive Function

10.5 Reproductive Phase of Life in Humans

10.6 How is the Sex of the Baby Determined?

10.7 Hormones other than Sex-Hormones

10.8 Role of Hormones in Completing the Life History of Insects and Frogs

10.9 Reproductive Health

Download Free CBSE Class 8 Science Chapter 10 Reaching the Age of Adolescence Objective Questions PDF

Reaching the age of adolescence.

1. Which of the following should an adolescent choose for his/her meal?

A. Chips, noodles and aerated beverages

B. Vegetable cutlets, chips and lemonade

C. Rice, noodles and popcorn

D. Chapathi, dal and vegetables

Answer: (D) Chapathi, dal and vegetables

Solution: Adolescents, like everyone else, should have a balanced diet, which should include

all types of nutrients. Also, the diet should consist of less refined and packaged food. Hence, the best option for an adolescent’s meal will be chapati, dal and vegetables.

2. The reproductive phase of a woman lies between her _____ and menopause.

A. menstrual cycle

B. menstruation

C. menarche

D. ovulation

Answer: (C) menarche

Solution: The reproductive phase of a woman starts from her first period (menarche) at around 10-12 years of age. It continues until the age of 45 to 50, when women stop releasing eggs. This is called menopause. Hence, the reproductive phase of women lies between their menarche and menopause.

3. Statement 1: Sweat glands, salivary glands and oil glands do not release their secretions directly into the blood. Statement 2: These glands do not have ducts.

A. Both statements are correct.

B. Only statement 2 is correct.

C. Both statements are incorrect.

D. Only statement 1 is correct.

Answer: (D) Only statement 1 is correct.

Solution: Endocrine glands release their secretions directly into the blood as they are ductless glands, whereas the exocrine glands like salivary glands have ducts and do not release their secretion into the blood directly.

4. Number of sex chromosomes in a human kidney cell is

A. One pair

B. Two pairs

C. Three pairs

D. Four pairs

Answer: (A) One pair

Solution: Humans have 46 chromosomes, i.e., 23 pairs of chromosomes in all cells except for the gametic cells (sperm and ova). 22 of these pairs are called autosomes and look the same in both males and females. The 23rd pair called sex chromosomes, differ in males and females. Females have two copies of the X chromosome (XX), while males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY). Thus all non-gametic cells have 2 sex chromosomes in them.

5. A female gamete carries ________ chromosome(s).

B. one X and one Y

Answer: (D) one X

Solution: Ovum, which is the female gamete, always carries an X chromosome. This is because the allosome pair in females consists of two X chromosomes (XX).

6. Which of the following is the cause of the condition shown below

A. Lack of calcium in the bones

B. Excess of iron in the blood

C. Lack of iodine in the diet

D. Lack of potassium in the diet

Answer: (C) Lack of iodine in the diet

The picture shows a condition goitre which is caused due to the deficiency of iodine in our diet. It is seen as a swelling in the neck resulting from an enlarged thyroid gland.

7. Which of the following will occur in females at puberty? (I) Ovulation (II) Enlargement of breasts (III) Broadening of hips

A. I, II and III

B. II and III only

C. I and III only

D. I and II only

Answer: (A) I, II and III

Solution: Lot of changes occur during puberty in both boys and girls. In girls, ovulation, enlargement of breasts and broadening of hips are the major changes.

8. HIV virus will not be present in which of the following?

C. Breast milk

Answer: (B) Sweat

Solution: Blood, semen and breast milk all are the body’s internal fluids. Once the virus enters the body, it starts dividing and spreads all over the body. It is present in internal fluids like blood and gets transmitted to other healthy individuals only through the exchange of these body fluids. HIV does not spread through sweat.

9. Puberty in females begins at the age of _____.

A. 11 to 13 years

B. 16 to 18 years

C. 14 to 16 years

D. 18 to 21 years

Answer: (A) 11 to 13 years

Solution: Puberty is the period during which girls and boys become capable of reproduction. Puberty in girls is most commonly observed when they are about 11 to 13 years old.

10. The information given below refers to which of the following hormone- (i) Glands secreting the hormone are located on top of the kidneys. (ii) Converts glycogen into glucose. (iii) Increases blood pressure.

A. Testosterone

C. Adrenaline

D. Progesterone

Answer: (C) Adrenaline

Solution: Adrenaline is secreted by the adrenal glands which are located on top of the kidneys. This hormone prepares the body to fight or run away during an emergency situation. Its effects involve an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, blood glucose level, etc.

11. During menstrual bleeding, the fluid that comes out of the vagina contains _____, along with blood.

Answer: (B) ovum

Solution: The vaginal fluid shed during menstrual bleeding contains the unfertilized egg and the thickened endometrial lining of the uterus along with blood vessels.

12. The time period when the body undergoes changes, leading to reproductive maturity is called______.

B. senescence

C. development

D. adolescence

Answer: (D) adolescence

Solution: Adolescence is the intermediate growing stage between childhood and adulthood. During adolescence, the body undergoes many physical and psychological changes and attains reproductive maturity. This period varies from person to person.

13. Which of the following viruses causes AIDS?

A. H1N1 virus

B. Zika virus

D. Rhinovirus

Answer: (C) HIV

Solution: AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) virus. HIV passes from an infected person to a normal person through sexual contact, sharing syringes, breastfeeding etc.

14. In girls, the ovaries and eggs become mature and ovaries begin to release ovum by the process of ______.

A. Ovulation

B. fertilisation

D. oogenesis

Answer: (A) Ovulation

Solution: Ovulation is the process in which mature ovaries release egg cell or the ovum. Usually, a single egg is produced during an ovulation cycle. The female hormone, oestrogen is released by the ovaries which promote ovulation.

15. Which among the following is the change seen in girls during puberty?

A. Broader shoulders

B. Cracking of voice

C. Breast development

D. Growth of facial hair

Answer: (C) Breast development

Solution: One of the major changes in girls during puberty is breast development. Also, in girls, the region below the waist becomes wider during puberty, while in boys, the chest becomes wider and the shoulders become broad.

16. A human gamete has ________ sex chromosome(s).

Answer: (D) One

Solution: A human cell has 46 chromosomes in total. Out of these 46 chromosomes, 44 are autosomes and 2 are sex chromosomes. Chromosomes occur in pairs and thus there are 23 pairs. A cell having 23 pairs of chromosomes is called diploid. Diploid cells undergo division and their number reduces to half, i.e. produce haploid cells having only 23

chromosomes, without any pairs. These cells are also called gametes. Thus, gametes have only one sex chromosome.

17. The pituitary gland is located below the ______.

A. Thalamus

B. medulla oblongata

C. vas deferens

D. hypothalamus

Answer: (D) hypothalamus

Solution: The pituitary gland is a pea-sized gland located just below the hypothalamus which is connected to the pituitary via a bundle of nerve fibres. It is known as the master gland of the endocrine system as it produces all the critical hormones which regulate the secretions of all other endocrine glands.

18. What happens during menopause? A. No menstruation. B. No maturation of new follicles. C. The ovaries stop the secretion of oestrogen

B. A, B and C

Answer: (B) A, B and C

Solution: Menopause is the time in all women’s lives when the menstrual cycle stops permanently. It typically occurs between 49 and 52 years of age. At menopause, no oestrogen is secreted by the ovaries and thus, no new follicles and hence, no ovulation occurs; therefore, menstruation stops.

19. Which of the following can spread AIDS?

A. Eating food with an infected person

B. Hugging an infected person

C. Transfusion of infected blood

D. Mosquito bites

Answer: (C) Transfusion of infected blood

Solution: AIDS is caused by the HIV virus. It can spread through various means, like i. Sexual contact with an infected person. ii. Transfusion of contaminated blood. iii. From a pregnant mother to her child during birth or breastfeeding. It does not spread by: i. Touching, kissing and socialising with the infected person. ii. Eating meals with an infected person. iii. Mosquito bites.

20. Deficiency of iodine in our diet leads to a condition called:

A. Diabetes insipidus

C. Gigantism

D. Infertility

Answer: (B) Goitre

Solution: Iodine is essential for the production of thyroxine. In an attempt to produce more thyroxine, the gland enlarges. This condition is called goitre.

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RD Sharma Solutions , RS Aggarwal Solutions and NCERT Solutions

Reaching the Age of Adolescence Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers Science Chapter 10

September 5, 2020 by Prasanna

In this page, we are providing Reaching the Age of Adolescence Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers Science Chapter 10 pdf download. NCERT Extra Questions for Class 8 Science Chapter 10 Reaching the Age of Adolescence will help to score more marks in your CBSE Board Exams.

Class 8 Science Chapter 10 Extra Questions and Answers Reaching the Age of Adolescence

Extra Questions for Class 8 Science Chapter 10 Reaching the Age of Adolescence with Answers Solutions

Reaching the Age of Adolescence Class 8 Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Question 1. What is Adam’s apple? Answer: The protruding part of the throat in males is called Adam’s apple.

Question 2. Name the hormone in female that is produced by ovaries and helps in development of mammary glands. Answer: Estrogen

Question 3. Whose height grow faster initially boys or girls? Answer: Girls

Question 4. Name a gland which transports secretions through ducts. Answer: Sweat glands/salivary glands/ oil gland (any one).

Question 5. What is puberty? Answer: The age at which boys and girls become capable of reproduction.

Question 6. What are hormones? Answer: The chemical substances produced by endocrine glands are called hormones.

Question 7. How long is a woman’s reproductive life lasts? Answer: Menarche to menopause.

Question 8. Name the female hormone. Answer: Estrogen

Question 9. Which gland is called master gland? Answer: Pituitary gland

Question 10. What is a balanced diet? Answer: The meal that includes all nutrients is called a balanced diet.

Question 11. What is menstruation? Answer: Extrusion of uterus lining and blood along with the unfertilised egg from the vagina is called menstruation.

Question 12. What is menarche? Answer: The first menstrual flow begins at puberty and is termed as menarche.

Question 13. What is menopause? Answer: Stoppage of menstruation is called menopause.

Question 14. What causes goitre? Answer: Deficiency of thyroxine hormone.

Question 15. Which gland secretes thyroxine? Answer: Thyroid gland

Question 16. What are chromosomes? Answer: The thread-like structures in the nucleus are called chromosomes.

Question 17. How many chromosomes are present in human cell? Answer: 23 pairs or 46 chromosomes.

Question 18. How many sex chromosomes are there in human cell? Answer: Two, i.e., one pair.

Question 19. Which hormone is necessary for normal growth of a person? Answer: Growth hormone.

Question 20. Which gland secretes insulin? Answer: Pancreas

Question 21. What causes diabetes? Answer: Deficiency of insulin.

Question 22. Name the chromosome present in a female. Answer: X chromosome

Question 23. Name the chromosome present in a male. Answer: X and Y chromosomes

Question 24. Which chromosome does the unfertilised egg contain? Answer: X chromosome

Question 25. Which hormone balances the proportion of salts in the blood? Answer: Adrenaline

Question 26. What decides the sex of an unborn child? Answer: Sex chromosome of father.

Question 27. Name the glands other than the pituitary gland. Answer: Thyroid, pancreas and adrenals.

Question 28. When does the puberty ends? Answer: Puberty ends when an adolescent reaches reproductive maturity.

Question 29. Do the boys and girls undergo same physical changes at puberty? Answer: No

Question 30. Why do we need to have a balanced diet? Answer: To keep the body healthy.

Reaching the Age of Adolescence Class 8 Extra Questions Short Answer Type

Question 1. What is meant by adolescence? Answer: Growing up is a natural process. The period of life, when the body undergoes several changes leading to reproductive maturity, is cabled adolescence. The adolescence period is 11 to 19 years of age.

Question 2. What is puberty? Answer: The period during which adolescent boys and girls attain sexual maturity and become capable of reproduction is called puberty. Puberty age of female is 10 to 12 years while male puberty age is 12 to 14 years.

Question 3. What is vital change which marks puberty in boys and girls? Answer: During puberty, the human body undergoes several changes, but the most important changes which marks puberty is that boys and girls become capable of reproduction.

Question 4. Why do boys have a hoarse voice at puberty? Answer: The voice box or larynx begins to grow at the onset of puberty. This growing voice box in boys can be seen as a protruding part of the throat called Adam’s apple. This leads to voice becoming hoarse.

Question 5. How does the body shape change at puberty? Answer: Body shape changes differently in boys and girls at puberty. Boys have broader shoulders and wider chests. Their muscles grow more prominently than girls. In girls, the region below the waist becomes wider.

Question 6. Why is adolescence also called teenage? Answer: Adolescence period is generally 11 to 19 years of age. Because the period covers the teens, i.e., 13 to 19 years of age, adolescents are also called teenagers.

Question 7. Why do many young people have acne and pimples during adolescence? Answer: During puberty the secretion of sweat glands and sebaceous glands (oil glands) increases. It develops acne and pimples on the face of young boys and girls.

Question 8. Why are endocrine glands also called ductless glands? Answer: Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the blood stream. So, they are termed as ductless glands. For example, pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, etc.

Question 9. What are secondary sexual characters? Answer: At puberty, in girls, breasts begin to develop, the region below the waist become wider, voice become shriller. Boys begin to grow facial hair, i.e., moustache and beard. Boys also develop hair on their chest, the muscles of the body grow more prominently, develop larger voice box which can be seen as a protruding part of the throat called Adam’s apple. In both boys and girls, hair grows under the arms and in the pubic region. As these features distinguish the male from the female they are called secondary sexual characters.

Question 10. Explain the development of sex organs in male and female. Answer: The male and the female sex organs develop completely at puberty. Male sex organ like testes and penis develop completely. The testes begin to produce the male gametes or sperm. Similarly in girls the ovaries enlarge and egg begins to mature. Ovaries start releasing matured eggs or ovum.

Question 11. Why do changes occur in human body at puberty? Answer: The changes in human body at puberty occur due to release of hormones by different types of glands. Hormones are chemical substances secreted from endocrine glands or endocrine system. Male hormone or testosterone are responsible for changes in male whereas female hormone or estrogen are responsible for changes in female.

Question 12. What is a pituitary gland? Answer: Different types of hormones are secreted by different types of glands. The product of all these hormones is under the control of another hormone secreted from an endocrine gland called pituitary gland.

Question 13. How do hormones work in human body? Answer: Endocrine glands release hormones into the blood stream to reach a particular body part called target site. The target responds to the hormone. There are many endocrine glands or ductless glands in the body.

Question 14. What are sex hormones? How do they work in the human body? Answer: Sex hormones help boys and girls develop sex organs to enable them for reproduction. These hormones lead them to reproductive maturity.

In girls, estrogen makes the breasts develop. Milk secreting glands or mammary glands develop inside the breasts. Ovaries begin to produce eggs. In boys, testosterone is released by testes. Testes begin to release sperms. Changes in boys is also seen due to this hormone.

Question 15. What is menstruation? Answer: At puberty, in girls the ovaries get enlarged and start producing eggs (ovum). One egg matures and is released by one of the ovaries once in about 28 to 30 days. During this period, the wall of the uterus becomes thick so as to receive the egg. If the egg is fertilised then it begins to develop and results in pregnancy. If this egg is not fertilised, the released egg and thickened lining of the uterus along with its blood vessels are shed off causing bleeding in female which is called menstruation. It occurs once in about 28 to 30 days.

Question 16. What are the changes in female at the onset of puberty? Answer: There are several changes in females at the onset of puberty. They are:

• growth of hair in armpit and pubic region.
• development of breasts and mammary glands.
• ovaries get enlarged and begin producing eggs.
• menstruation cycle starts; and
• increased activity of sweat and sebaceous glands.

Question 17. Explain the terms menarche and menopause. Answer: The first menstrual flow begins at puberty and is termed as menarche. At 45 to 50 years of age, the menstrual cycle stops. Stoppage of menstruation is called menopause.

Question 18. What happens when the egg is fertilised? Answer: When the egg is fertilised, it begins to divide and then gets embedded in the uterus for further development. Finally the fertilised egg develops into a foetus.

Question 19. What are the changes in males at puberty? Answer: There are various changes in males at puberty. They are:

• sudden increase in height.
• growth of hair at different parts of body like face, armpit and pubic region, development of moustache and beard.
• development of Adam’s apple in throat, voice becomes hoarse.
• shoulders become broader and chest wider.
• growth of size of reproductive organs like penis, testes begin to produce sperms, etc.

Question 20. What do you mean by reproductive health? Answer: The physical and mental well being of an individual is regarded as an individual’s health. To keep the body healthy, every human being, at any age, needs to have a balanced diet. The person must also observe personal hygiene and undertake adequate physical exercise. Thus, reproductive health refers to the diseases, disorders and conditions that affect the functioning of the male and female reproductive system during all stages of life.

Question 21. What is the role of hormones in completing the life history of insects and frogs? Answer: Hormones play an important role in the completion of life cycle of insects and frogs. Metamorphosis in insects is controlled by insect hormones. In a frog, it is controlled by thyroxine, the hormone produced by thyroid gland. Thyroxine production requires the presence of iodine in water. Water in which iodine is not, present, the tadpoles cannot become adult.

Question 22. Which hormone is released by pancreas? What is its function? Answer: Insulin is released by pancreatic gland. It regulates sugar metabolism. If insulin is deficient in the body, sugar level becomes high in blood causing diabetes.

Reaching the Age of Adolescence Class 8 Extra Questions Long Answer Type

Question 1. What changes occur in human at puberty? Answer: There are various changes in human at puberty. They are as follows: (i) Change in height: During puberty, there is sudden increase in height in boys and girls. Initially, girls grow faster in height than in boys. But both reach their maximum height at the age of 18 years.

(ii) Change in voice: Boys develop larger voice box or larynx to form protruding part of throat called Adam’s apple making their voice hoarse, girls have high pitched voice.

(iii) Change in body shape: In boys, shoulders broaden and muscles grow more prominently than in girls. In girls the region below the waist becomes wider.

(iv) Secretion of sweat and sebaceous glands (oil glands) in both boys and girls increases and acne or pimples grow on faces of many youths.

(v) Development of sex organs: In males, testes and penis develop completely. Testes begin producing sperms. In girls, ovaries are enlarged and begin to produce eggs. Both boys and girls reach reproductive maturity.

(vi) In girls, menstruation or periods starts.

(vii) All human beings attain mental, intellectual and emotional maturity at puberty.

(viii) Facial hair like moustache and beard are grown in boys. Hair are grown in armpit and pubic region in both boys and girls. Breasts are developed in girls. These characters are called secondary sexual characters as they distinguish a male from a female.

Question 2. Explain the reproductive phase of life in humans. Answer: Boys and girls become capable of reproduction at puberty because their testes and ovaries begin to release gametes, i.e., sperms and ova respectively. In girls, reproductive phase of life begins at puberty from 10 to 12 years of age and generally lasts till the age of 45 to 50 years. The ova begin to mature with the onset of puberty. The ovum matures and is released by one of the ovaries once in 28 to 30 days. During this period, the wall of the uterus becomes thick so as to receive the egg, in case it is fertilised and begins to develop. This results in pregnancy.

If fertilisation does not occur, the released egg, and the thickened lining of the uterus along with its blood vessels are shed off. This causes menstruation. It occurs once in about 28 to 30 days. The first menstrual flow begin at puberty and is termed as menarche. The menstruation stops at the age of 45 to 50. This stage is known as menopause. In male, the reproductive phase begins at puberty at the ages 14-15 and lasts as long as he is healthy.

Question 3. Mention different types of glands, their functions and hormones secreted by them. Answer: There are different types of glands in our body and they secrete different types of hormones which control grotto, behaviour, development and reproduction. The following table shows different types of glands, hormones secreted by them and their functions:

Question 4. Explain sex determination in human. Answer: Sex determination of a baby is done at the time of fertilisation when a male gametes fuse with a female gamete. It depends on male partner whether the baby will be a male child or female child. The chances of child to be male or female actually depend on the chromsomes present in the fertilised eggs or ova. There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nuclei of all human beings out of which two are sex chromosomes named X and Y.

A male has one X and one Y chromosome and a female has two X chromosomes. The gametes (egg and sperm) have only one set of chromosomes. The unfetilised egg always has one X chromosome. But sperms are of two kinds. One kind has an X chromosome, and the other kind has a Y chromosome.

When a sperm containing X chromosome fertilises the egg, the zygote would have two X chromosomes and develop into a female child. If the sperm contributes a Y chromosome to the egg (ovum) at fertilisation, the zygote would develop into a male child. Fig. 10.5 shows sex determination in humans.

Question 5. Explain the term reproductive health. What should we do to maintain reproductive health? Answer: The state of physical, mental and social well being of an individual is regarded as an individual’s health. A healthy person is free from disease, tension and anxiety. Reproductive health refers to a state of physical, mental and social well-being in all matters relating to the reproductive system, at all stages of life.

We should take following measures to maintain reproductive health:

• To have a balanced diet: As far as practicable, we should have a balanced diet, i.e., a diet containing proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates, fats and minerals. We can have our food which contain these nutrients.
• To take physical exercise: We should take physical exercise like morning walk, running, etc., daily.
• To maintain personal hygiene: We should maintain personal hygiene to stay fit and healthy. We should wash our body especially pubic region, armpit, etc., properly.
• Avoid harmful drugs: We should avoid taking harmful drugs and alcohol.

Reaching the Age of Adolescence Class 8 Extra Questions HOTS

Question 1. One day Seema’s uncle visited her place. Seema prepared dinner for him. When she was about to put rock salt on the salad, her uncle interrupted her and asked to put iodised salt instead of rock salt. He also advised her to prefer iodised salt instead of rock salt. Why do you think Seema’s uncle advised her to have iodised salt instead of rock salt? Answer: Deficiency of iodine causes goitre disease in our body. This is why Seema’s uncle advised her to have iodised salt.

Question 2. It is said that height of a child depends upon the genes inherited from the parents. Are there factors other than genes that causes variation in height? Answer: Other factors like nutrition, release of growth hormones, exercises, diseases, etc., also have impact on the height of a growing child.

Question 3. Is a woman responsible for the birth of a girl child? Explain. Answer: No, because a woman has eggs of only X chromosomes but a male has sperms of both X and Y chromosomes. It is the type of male chromosome (X or Y) which fuses with the egg and determine the sex of the foetus, i.e., whether it will be male (XY) or female (XX) child.

Question 4. John and Radha were classmates since childhood. When Radha became eleven years old, she developed a little swelling on her neck. She visited the doctor who started medication for her. After a few years, John also developed a slight protrusion on his throat. He got worried and went to the doctor. But, the doctor assured him that it was a normal feature in boys while they are growing up. Can you think of any reasons for the difference in diagnoses? Answer: The swelling on the neck of Radha may be because of insufficient production of thyroxine which results in goitre. However slight protrusion in John’s throat may be due to enlargement of voice box, also known as Adam’s apple, in adolescent boys.

Question 5. Why we should not take medicines or drugs unless prescribed by a doctor? Answer: Certain medicines have specific dosage levels and adverse side effects which if not followed may be proved lethal to us. Drugs can be addictive too and can ruin our health and happiness.

Reaching the Age of Adolescence Class 8 Extra Questions Value Based (VBQs)

Question 1. Salma had a very soft and smooth skin during her childhood. As she entered adolescence, she developed pimples on her face, her body became taller compared to her face. She got worried of all of the sudden changes. Her mother explained that all these changes are normal and advised her to wash her face at regular intervals.

(a) Why Salma’s mother advised Salma to wash her face at regular intervals? (b) What is the reason for appearance of pimples on her face? (c) Why Salma experienced disproportionate growth of the body? (d) What values do we get from this? Answer: (a) Regular face wash keeps the face clean and dry and helps to reduce the pimples. (b) During adolescence, secretion of sweat glands and sebaceous glands increases leading to formation of acne and pimples. (c) During adolescence, all parts of the body do not grow at the same rate. Sometimes the arms and legs or hands and feet of adolescents look oversized and out of proportion with the body. (d) We must be self-aware, must take proper care and diet during the growing period, not get worried or lose our self-esteem.