best dissertation synonym

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Thesaurus for Dissertation

Related terms for dissertation - synonyms, antonyms and sentences with dissertation, similar meaning.

• disquisition
• composition

Opposite meaning

• doublespeak
• bullet list item
• gibberishes
• word salads
• creative writing
• brief introduction
• be oblivious to

Common usage

• comic verse
• organic poetry
• miscommunication
• table chart
• in this essay
• collaborative discussion
• valid argument
• online database
• previous paragraph
• previous chapter
• academic discourse
• comprehensive

Sentence Examples

Proper usage in context.

• A dissertation on the novels of the Brontë sisters
• A dissertation topic, there are issues such as the following
• Dr. Brennan approved my new dissertation subject
• File containing notes for Michel Longtin's dissertation defense
• For my dissertation I was assigned USS Kelvin

Look up a word, learn it forever.

Dissertation.

Other forms: dissertations

A dissertation is a long piece of writing that uses research to bring to light an original idea. Don't go to grad school unless you're prepared to write, say, a 300-page dissertation on some topic.

In everyday speech, we sometimes accuse people of delivering dissertations when they overload us with dull information. If you're annoyed with a long memo from your office manager about keeping the kitchen clean, you could mutter to a coworker, “How’d you like that dissertation Felix posted about rinsing out our mugs?”

• noun a treatise advancing a new point of view resulting from research; usually a requirement for an advanced academic degree synonyms: thesis see more see less type of: tractate , treatise a formal exposition

Vocabulary lists containing dissertation

Find lists of SAT words organized by every letter of the alphabet here: A , B , C , D , E , F , G , H , I , J, K & L , M , N , O , P , Q , R , S , T , U , V , and W, X, Y & Z .

Set in Afghanistan during a time of political and social upheaval, this novel traces the decades-long friendship of two boys from different social classes.

A group of extraordinarily talented African-American women help NASA achieve some of its greatest successes, even as they face discrimination and oppression.

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50 Useful Academic Words & Phrases for Research

Like all good writing, writing an academic paper takes a certain level of skill to express your ideas and arguments in a way that is natural and that meets a level of academic sophistication. The terms, expressions, and phrases you use in your research paper must be of an appropriate level to be submitted to academic journals.

Therefore, authors need to know which verbs , nouns , and phrases to apply to create a paper that is not only easy to understand, but which conveys an understanding of academic conventions. Using the correct terminology and usage shows journal editors and fellow researchers that you are a competent writer and thinker, while using non-academic language might make them question your writing ability, as well as your critical reasoning skills.

What are academic words and phrases?

One way to understand what constitutes good academic writing is to read a lot of published research to find patterns of usage in different contexts. However, it may take an author countless hours of reading and might not be the most helpful advice when faced with an upcoming deadline on a manuscript draft.

Briefly, “academic” language includes terms, phrases, expressions, transitions, and sometimes symbols and abbreviations that help the pieces of an academic text fit together. When writing an academic text–whether it is a book report, annotated bibliography, research paper, research poster, lab report, research proposal, thesis, or manuscript for publication–authors must follow academic writing conventions. You can often find handy academic writing tips and guidelines by consulting the style manual of the text you are writing (i.e., APA Style , MLA Style , or Chicago Style ).

However, sometimes it can be helpful to have a list of academic words and expressions like the ones in this article to use as a “cheat sheet” for substituting the better term in a given context.

How to Choose the Best Academic Terms

You can think of writing “academically” as writing in a way that conveys one’s meaning effectively but concisely. For instance, while the term “take a look at” is a perfectly fine way to express an action in everyday English, a term like “analyze” would certainly be more suitable in most academic contexts. It takes up fewer words on the page and is used much more often in published academic papers.

You can use one handy guideline when choosing the most academic term: When faced with a choice between two different terms, use the Latinate version of the term. Here is a brief list of common verbs versus their academic counterparts:

Although this can be a useful tip to help academic authors, it can be difficult to memorize dozens of Latinate verbs. Using an AI paraphrasing tool or proofreading tool can help you instantly find more appropriate academic terms, so consider using such revision tools while you draft to improve your writing.

Top 50 Words and Phrases for Different Sections in a Research Paper

The “Latinate verb rule” is just one tool in your arsenal of academic writing, and there are many more out there. But to make the process of finding academic language a bit easier for you, we have compiled a list of 50 vital academic words and phrases, divided into specific categories and use cases, each with an explanation and contextual example.

Best Words and Phrases to use in an Introduction section

1. historically.

An adverb used to indicate a time perspective, especially when describing the background of a given topic.

2. In recent years

A temporal marker emphasizing recent developments, often used at the very beginning of your Introduction section.

3. It is widely acknowledged that

A “form phrase” indicating a broad consensus among researchers and/or the general public. Often used in the literature review section to build upon a foundation of established scientific knowledge.

4. There has been growing interest in

Highlights increasing attention to a topic and tells the reader why your study might be important to this field of research.

5. Preliminary observations indicate

Shares early insights or findings while hedging on making any definitive conclusions. Modal verbs like may , might , and could are often used with this expression.

6. This study aims to

Describes the goal of the research and is a form phrase very often used in the research objective or even the hypothesis of a research paper .

7. Despite its significance

Highlights the importance of a matter that might be overlooked. It is also frequently used in the rationale of the study section to show how your study’s aim and scope build on previous studies.

8. While numerous studies have focused on

Indicates the existing body of work on a topic while pointing to the shortcomings of certain aspects of that research. Helps focus the reader on the question, “What is missing from our knowledge of this topic?” This is often used alongside the statement of the problem in research papers.

9. The purpose of this research is

A form phrase that directly states the aim of the study.

10. The question arises (about/whether)

Poses a query or research problem statement for the reader to acknowledge.

Best Words and Phrases for Clarifying Information

11. in other words.

Introduces a synopsis or the rephrasing of a statement for clarity. This is often used in the Discussion section statement to explain the implications of the study .

12. That is to say

Provides clarification, similar to “in other words.”

13. To put it simply

Simplifies a complex idea, often for a more general readership.

14. To clarify

Specifically indicates to the reader a direct elaboration of a previous point.

15. More specifically

Narrows down a general statement from a broader one. Often used in the Discussion section to clarify the meaning of a specific result.

16. To elaborate

Expands on a point made previously.

17. In detail

Indicates a deeper dive into information.

Points out specifics. Similar meaning to “specifically” or “especially.”

19. This means that

Explains implications and/or interprets the meaning of the Results section .

20. Moreover

Expands a prior point to a broader one that shows the greater context or wider argument.

Best Words and Phrases for Giving Examples

21. for instance.

Provides a specific case that fits into the point being made.

22. As an illustration

Demonstrates a point in full or in part.

23. To illustrate

Shows a clear picture of the point being made.

24. For example

Presents a particular instance. Same meaning as “for instance.”

25. Such as

Lists specifics that comprise a broader category or assertion being made.

26. Including

Offers examples as part of a larger list.

27. Notably

Adverb highlighting an important example. Similar meaning to “especially.”

28. Especially

Adverb that emphasizes a significant instance.

29. In particular

Draws attention to a specific point.

30. To name a few

Indicates examples than previously mentioned are about to be named.

Best Words and Phrases for Comparing and Contrasting

31. however.

Introduces a contrasting idea.

32. On the other hand

Highlights an alternative view or fact.

33. Conversely

Indicates an opposing or reversed idea to the one just mentioned.

34. Similarly

Shows likeness or parallels between two ideas, objects, or situations.

35. Likewise

Indicates agreement with a previous point.

36. In contrast

Draws a distinction between two points.

37. Nevertheless

Introduces a contrasting point, despite what has been said.

38. Whereas

Compares two distinct entities or ideas.

Indicates a contrast between two points.

Signals an unexpected contrast.

Best Words and Phrases to use in a Conclusion section

41. in conclusion.

Signifies the beginning of the closing argument.

42. To sum up

Offers a brief summary.

43. In summary

Signals a concise recap.

44. Ultimately

Reflects the final or main point.

45. Overall

Gives a general concluding statement.

Indicates a resulting conclusion.

Demonstrates a logical conclusion.

48. Therefore

Connects a cause and its effect.

49. It can be concluded that

Clearly states a conclusion derived from the data.

50. Taking everything into consideration

Reflects on all the discussed points before concluding.

Edit Your Research Terms and Phrases Before Submission

Using these phrases in the proper places in your research papers can enhance the clarity, flow, and persuasiveness of your writing, especially in the Introduction section and Discussion section, which together make up the majority of your paper’s text in most academic domains.

However, it's vital to ensure each phrase is contextually appropriate to avoid redundancy or misinterpretation. As mentioned at the top of this article, the best way to do this is to 1) use an AI text editor , free AI paraphrase tool or AI proofreading tool while you draft to enhance your writing, and 2) consult a professional proofreading service like Wordvice, which has human editors well versed in the terminology and conventions of the specific subject area of your academic documents.

For more detailed information on using AI tools to write a research paper and the best AI tools for research , check out the Wordvice AI Blog .

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• Dissertation
• Dissertation & Thesis Outline | Example & Free Templates

Dissertation & Thesis Outline | Example & Free Templates

Published on June 7, 2022 by Tegan George . Revised on November 21, 2023.

A thesis or dissertation outline is one of the most critical early steps in your writing process . It helps you to lay out and organize your ideas and can provide you with a roadmap for deciding the specifics of your dissertation topic and showcasing its relevance to your field.

Generally, an outline contains information on the different sections included in your thesis or dissertation , such as:

• Your anticipated title
• Your abstract
• Your chapters (sometimes subdivided into further topics like literature review, research methods, avenues for future research, etc.)

In the final product, you can also provide a chapter outline for your readers. This is a short paragraph at the end of your introduction to inform readers about the organizational structure of your thesis or dissertation. This chapter outline is also known as a reading guide or summary outline.

Table of contents

How to outline your thesis or dissertation, dissertation and thesis outline templates, chapter outline example, sample sentences for your chapter outline, sample verbs for variation in your chapter outline, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about thesis and dissertation outlines.

While there are some inter-institutional differences, many outlines proceed in a fairly similar fashion.

• Working Title
• “Elevator pitch” of your work (often written last).
• Introduce your area of study, sharing details about your research question, problem statement , and hypotheses . Situate your research within an existing paradigm or conceptual or theoretical framework .
• Subdivide as you see fit into main topics and sub-topics.
• Describe your research methods (e.g., your scope , population , and data collection ).
• Present your research findings and share about your data analysis methods.
• Answer the research question in a concise way.
• Interpret your findings, discuss potential limitations of your own research and speculate about future implications or related opportunities.

For a more detailed overview of chapters and other elements, be sure to check out our article on the structure of a dissertation or download our template .

To help you get started, we’ve created a full thesis or dissertation template in Word or Google Docs format. It’s easy adapt it to your own requirements.

 Download Word template    Download Google Docs template

It can be easy to fall into a pattern of overusing the same words or sentence constructions, which can make your work monotonous and repetitive for your readers. Consider utilizing some of the alternative constructions presented below.

Example 1: Passive construction

The passive voice is a common choice for outlines and overviews because the context makes it clear who is carrying out the action (e.g., you are conducting the research ). However, overuse of the passive voice can make your text vague and imprecise.

Example 2: IS-AV construction

You can also present your information using the “IS-AV” (inanimate subject with an active verb ) construction.

A chapter is an inanimate object, so it is not capable of taking an action itself (e.g., presenting or discussing). However, the meaning of the sentence is still easily understandable, so the IS-AV construction can be a good way to add variety to your text.

Example 3: The “I” construction

Another option is to use the “I” construction, which is often recommended by style manuals (e.g., APA Style and Chicago style ). However, depending on your field of study, this construction is not always considered professional or academic. Ask your supervisor if you’re not sure.

Example 4: Mix-and-match

To truly make the most of these options, consider mixing and matching the passive voice , IS-AV construction , and “I” construction .This can help the flow of your argument and improve the readability of your text.

As you draft the chapter outline, you may also find yourself frequently repeating the same words, such as “discuss,” “present,” “prove,” or “show.” Consider branching out to add richness and nuance to your writing. Here are some examples of synonyms you can use.

If you want to know more about AI for academic writing, AI tools, or research bias, make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

Research bias

• Anchoring bias
• Halo effect
• The Baader–Meinhof phenomenon
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• Nonresponse bias
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When you mention different chapters within your text, it’s considered best to use Roman numerals for most citation styles. However, the most important thing here is to remain consistent whenever using numbers in your dissertation .

The title page of your thesis or dissertation goes first, before all other content or lists that you may choose to include.

A thesis or dissertation outline is one of the most critical first steps in your writing process. It helps you to lay out and organize your ideas and can provide you with a roadmap for deciding what kind of research you’d like to undertake.

• Your chapters (sometimes subdivided into further topics like literature review , research methods , avenues for future research, etc.)

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

George, T. (2023, November 21). Dissertation & Thesis Outline | Example & Free Templates. Scribbr. Retrieved August 29, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/dissertation/dissertation-thesis-outline/

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noun as in belief, assumption to be tested

Strongest matches

• proposition
• supposition

Strong matches

• contestation
• postulation
• presumption
• presupposition

noun as in written dissertation

• argumentation
• composition
• disquisition

Weak matches

Example Sentences

In “Back Home,” Gil also revisits the nostalgia for the South explored in his Johns Hopkins thesis, “Circle of Stone.”

At least father and son were in alignment on this central thesis: acting “gay”—bad; being thought of as gay—bad.

Her doctoral thesis, says Ramin Takloo at the University of Illinois, was simply outstanding.

Marshall McLuhan long ago argued the now accepted thesis that different mediums have different influences on thinking.

He wrote his Master's thesis on the underrepresentation of young people in Congress.

And indeed for most young men a college thesis is but an exercise for sharpening the wits, rarely dangerous in its later effects.

It will be for the reader to determine whether the main thesis of the book has gained or lost by the new evidence.

But the word thesis, when applied to Systems, does not mean the 'position' of single notes, but of groups of notes.

This conclusion, it need hardly be said, is in entire agreement with the main thesis of the preceding pages.

Sundry outlying Indians, with ammunition to waste, took belly and knee rests and strengthened the thesis to the contrary.

Related Words

Words related to thesis are not direct synonyms, but are associated with the word thesis . Browse related words to learn more about word associations.

noun as in putting regard in as true

• expectation
• understanding

noun as in main part of written work

• dissertation

noun as in written or musical creation

• arrangement
• literary work
• short story

noun as in argument for idea

• advancement
• affirmation
• asseveration
• declaration
• explanation
• maintaining
• predication

Viewing 5 / 44 related words

From Roget's 21st Century Thesaurus, Third Edition Copyright © 2013 by the Philip Lief Group.

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Dissertation/Thesis Template

The fastest (and smartest) way to craft a winning dissertation that showcases your study and earns you marks. 

Available in Google Doc, Word & PDF format 4.9 star rating, 5000 + downloads

Step-by-step instructions

Tried & tested academic format

Fill-in-the-blanks simplicity

Pro tips, tricks and resources

What’s Covered In The Template?

This dissertation template is based on the tried and trusted best-practice format for formal academic research projects. The template structure reflects the overall research process, ensuring your document has a smooth, logical flow. Here’s how it’s structured:

• The title page/cover page
• Abstract (sometimes also called the executive summary)
• Table of contents
• List of figures /list of tables
• Chapter 1: Introduction
• Chapter 2: Literature review
• Chapter 3: Methodology
• Chapter 4: Research findings /results 
• Chapter 5: Discussion /analysis of findings
• Chapter 6: Conclusion
• Reference list

Each section is explained in plain, straightforward language , followed by an overview of the key elements that you need to cover within each section. We’ve also included practical examples to help you understand exactly what’s required in each section.

Download The Template

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FAQs: Dissertation & Thesis Template

Faqs: dissertation template, what format is the template (doc, pdf, ppt, etc.).

The dissertation template is provided as a Google Doc. You can download it in MS Word format or make a copy to your Google Drive. You’re also welcome to convert it to whatever format works best for you, such as LaTeX or PDF.

What types of dissertations/theses can this template be used for?

The template follows the standard best-practice structure for formal academic research projects such as dissertations or theses, so it is suitable for the vast majority of degrees, particularly those within the sciences.

Some universities may have some additional requirements, but these are typically minor, with the core structure remaining the same. Therefore, it’s always a good idea to double-check your university’s requirements before you finalise your structure.

Will this work for a research paper?

A research paper follows a similar format, but there are a few differences. You can find our research paper template here .

Is this template for an undergrad, Masters or PhD-level thesis?

This template can be used for a dissertation, thesis or research project at any level of study. It may be slight overkill for an undergraduate-level study, but it certainly won’t be missing anything.

How long should my dissertation/thesis be?

This depends entirely on your university’s specific requirements, so it’s best to check with them. As a general ballpark, Masters-level projects are usually 15,000 – 20,000 words in length, while Doctoral-level projects are often in excess of 60,000 words.

What about the research proposal?

If you’re still working on your research proposal, we’ve got a template for that here .

We’ve also got loads of proposal-related guides and videos over on the Grad Coach blog .

How do I write a literature review?

We have a wealth of free resources on the Grad Coach Blog that unpack how to write a literature review from scratch. You can check out the literature review section of the blog here.

How do I create a research methodology?

We have a wealth of free resources on the Grad Coach Blog that unpack research methodology, both qualitative and quantitative. You can check out the methodology section of the blog here.

Can I share this dissertation template with my friends/colleagues?

Yes, you’re welcome to share this template. If you want to post about it on your blog or social media, all we ask is that you reference this page as your source.

Can Grad Coach help me with my dissertation/thesis?

Within the template, you’ll find plain-language explanations of each section, which should give you a fair amount of guidance. However, you’re also welcome to consider our dissertation and thesis coaching services .

Additional Resources

If you’re working on a dissertation or thesis, be sure to also check these resources out…

1-On-1 Private Coaching

The Grad Coach Resource Center

The Grad Coach YouTube Channel

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Posted by Diana B.

110 Dissertation Topics And Tips

If something does not inspire you when approaching research work, it will come out dull and weak. The same relates to available knowledge and preliminary analysis that helps to find something that has not been researched before. Coming up with a dissertation topic, final content must be something that you can support with due evidence and case studies. Even when you have several ideas ready, your academic committee might tell you to choose something entirely different, which is why it’s good to stay aware of various topics dealing with your subject.

Our dissertation topics guide is divided by popular academic fields, which will help you choose initial ideas. Start by choosing your closest discipline and narrow things down by making every word fit your thesis statement. Your dissertation project will take weeks or even months, which is why it is necessary to try alternate versions by playing with the order of the words before the final option has been accepted. Choose at least one sample dissertation topic from our list, then proceed with a list of keywords to identify your strong sides and highlight the research outcome. If you can match it with your thesis statement, it is a well-chosen topic. 

Choosing a Great Dissertations Topic 

Before starting with your dissertation, follow these tips that will make the project management stage easier:

Consult With Your Academic Advisor. Start by talking to your course advisor by discussing what you would like unless you already have a prompt. Avoid controversial topics or weak statements. Be bold and discuss things, yet do not do so when you cannot provide sufficient evidence. It’s always good if you may offer an outline of topics that can be reviewed by the university’s committee. 

Choose Subjects That Inspire You. Feel passionate about your dissertation topic ideas and provide several arguments that support your methodology. It can be either quantitative or qualitative methods depending on your course. College athletes may consider recreational medicine benefits. Nursing students may talk about stress management or theorists that motivate them. The most important is to find at least ten sources that support one’s main research argument. 

Narrow Things Down. Avoid too general dissertation topics because they can always be narrowed down by focusing on something specific. It is insufficient to say that global warming is a hoax as an example. It must be said “Global warming is always related to large financial transactions for campaigns that provide little to no information” instead. If coming up with clear ideas does not seem possible, consider the best writing services by approaching experts with your main idea or thesis topic. 

Select Unique Ideas. The majority of guides that tell how to pick a dissertation topic often mention that students should choose problems that have not been researched before. This statement is not entirely correct because it’s possible to choose another approach or bring in useful additions. It can be a different methodology or focus on another sample group. It will make your approach unique even if your topic is popular like weapon control or social distancing.

Consider Argumentative Topics. Your main thesis must be argumentative and competitive. When an average student deals with something that represents common knowledge, it becomes challenging to define what must be researched. Ask yourself about what your dissertation research represents and provide a problem in a clearer way. 

Remember about proofreading and style of dissertation subjects as you choose them because correct wording helps you persuade the academic committee. 

List of 110 Topics for Your Dissertation 

Here are academic research dissertation topics that you may implement as the starting points. Take your time to explore available topics and think over what sounds the best. 

Business Topic Ideas

Dissertation topics for business purposes may vary from CSR factors in current times to leadership styles and management strategies. Have a look at several ideas below as good starting points: 

1. Corporate Social Responsibility challenges during Covid-19. 

2. Business approaches bias during market investments in South America. 

3. The lobbyists do not represent policy-making actors in 2022. 

4. The dark sides of leadership strategies in organizations. 

5. Target-based online marketing in NGOs. 

6. The limitations of top executives regarding financial challenges. 

7. Male vs Female strategic control aspects in the UK. 

8. Pros & cons of social media management: sales platforms. 

9. The use of drones for increasing the safety of business conferences. 

10. Netflix ruling methods: monopoly or strict business guidance? 

Stick to your course as you explore existing problems. Come up with an outline of what interests you, then proceed with these dissertation topics above. 

Management Topics

Management represents complex topics, which is why a dissertation that deals with management often includes a case study foundation or the latest management methods. If you are unsure about your dissertation topic, consider these dissertation topics examples: 

1. Ethical Bias in Human Resources Management

2. Black Friday management strategy. 

3. Influencer Marketing on Instagram & Facebook. 

4. Customer-centric vs group management strategies. 

5. AI-powered tools in consumer purchase decisions. 

6. Brand loyalty in Asian markets. 

7. Coronavirus Outbreak & HR hiring. 

8. Leadership styles typical for Australia. 

9. Political management in the USA. 

10. Globalization management disadvantages.

Good management topics are ones that reflect strategic thinking and processes that can be improved. It lets one find relevant research outcomes by offering efficient solutions. 

MBA encompasses numerous dissertation topics ranging from entrepreneurs to communication styles and outsourcing. If something does not seem clear, consider the best dissertation services and look at these examples of dissertation topics below: 

1. What makes a good entrepreneur? 

2. Communication mistakes in the virtual workflow. 

3. Technology makes physical communication in small businesses worse. 

4. Reasons why outsourcing decreases production quality. 

5. Why do cultural differences make management methods stagnate? 

6. Social media marketing through the prism of global cooperation. 

7. Gender inequality in logistics. 

8. Surviving Covid-19 financial challenges. 

9. The ethical side of an advertisement on children's TV. 

10. Meeting the needs of modern stockholders.

When you are majoring in MBA, you have the freedom to analyze anything from ethics to social inequality. If it includes business methods, see what solutions can be offered. 

Read also: How Long Is a Dissertation

Human Resources Dissertation Ideas 

These dissertation topics must be chosen based on human communications or social skills. It also stands for training and development, which helps to deal with such topics as: 

1. Working at home vs office work. 

2. Challenges of HR work online. 

3. How should AI management reinvent target employee groups? 

4. Staff training via free online courses. 

5. Cooperation & responsibilities in rural areas. 

6. Group projects dealing with personalization. 

7. Hiring processes during remote work. 

8. Stress management during video conferences. 

9. Bias in online marketing limitations. 

10. HR sorting methods as a driver of efficiency. 

Since the times of Covid-19 social distancing, HR subjects became totally different. See what changes and innovations took place since keeping your dissertation relevant guarantees being successful.

Marketing 

Marketing deals with getting one's message across, which is why having a look at competitive thesis topic examples is essential. It means that your choices should make the thesis statement clear by narrowing things down: 

1. SMM benefits related to intelligence services. 

2. Is marketing to children ethical? 

3. Old-time marketing methods in Asian countries. 

4. The most common drawbacks of marketing styles in 2022. 

5. Amazon strategies and customer satisfaction. 

6. Retention of customers: Nike case analysis. 

7. Marketing framework in the urgent environment. 

8. Chinese expansion and outsourcing. 

9. Composition of a corporate vision. 

10. E-marketing vs word of mouth styles. 

Think about SMM and digital marketing challenges by narrowing the most popular topics down. 

Economics 

Dissertations on economics are one of the most challenging assignments, which is why it's essential to choose your topic correctly. Explore some of these dissertation topics below that offer variety and good ideas for your existing draft.

1. Financial stability and market performance relation. 

2. Antitrust issues and online privacy profits. 

3. Public enterprise vs private stock income. 

4. Issues of family economics in Cuba. 

5. Distribution of bank reports. 

6. Balance of payments in medium businesses. 

7. Monetary policy in China. 

8. Inequality in the banking sector. 

9. Online inflation. 

10. Why is the Bitcoin phenomenon dangerous for the economy? 

Dissertations dealing with Law topics use quantitative research or implement a mixture of both qualitative and quantitative methods. 

Dissertation Topic Ideas on Medicine

Since medicine might involve Psychology, Biology, Healthcare, and Chemistry, medical dissertation topics must be explored in greater depth. Check this thesis topic list below: 

1. Acute pain management in a sports environment. 

2. Psychological aspect of drug addiction treatment. 

3. Children and PTSD treatment methods. 

4. Critical management risks and autistic children. 

5. Mental factors related to dyslexia challenges. 

6. Primary glaucoma disease and hospital care limitations. 

7. Midwives and home hospital care dangers. 

8. Moral aspect of teenage pregnancy. 

9. Modern issues of occupational health. 

10. Injuries management among ER nurses. 

The importance of medical ethics cannot be underestimated even when brainstorming your research topic related to usual issues. 

Healthcare Topics

It stands for those subjects that may be not directly related to medicine since healthcare includes administrative concerns and the general system that must be analyzed. See what dissertation questions are brought up, identifying what thesis statement aspects are good to brainstorm: 

1. Illness prevention and injuries methods. 

2. Stress management among nurses working in remote areas. 

3. Preventing negative impacts regarding invasive sanitizing chemistry.

4. Optimization of prenatal rooms in the United Kingdom. 

5. Psycho-vegetative disorders history in the American West. 

6. Disabled people and remote rehabilitation methods. 

7. Adolescent mental health and ecological aspects.

8. Healthcare issues & negative attitude towards migrant workers. 

9. Clinical safety genetic markers. 

10. Language barrier in healthcare. 

Check twice with your advisor regarding your chosen subject because it may be adjusted. Working in a clinical environment, consider case examples first as you identify your research problem.

Legislation topics may involve not only court hearings or international disputes. As you explore our selections below, consider checking them for your future work as you brainstorm Ph.D. thesis topics:

1. Copyright disputes versus plagiarism in a business environment. 

2. An ethical aspect regarding lie detectors in criminal justice. 

3. How should child abuse victims be protected? 

4. Privacy issues and interrogation of minors. 

5. Racial prejudice in American prisons. 

6. Criminal laws in various religions. 

7. Death penalty: moral analysis. 

8. Legal protection of females in the workplace. 

9. Undocumented students: legislation challenges. 

10. Human rights laws: why they are not efficient. 

A successful Ph.D. dissertation topic should include the main title and subtitle since such an approach shows what kind of a problem you are exploring. Once some choice is made, consider adding legal documents and references. While some American universities will implement Chicago or APA formatting, British and Australian institutions may require Harvard format where dissertation topics must be justified in a short essay.

Natural Science Topics for Dissertation

It includes the study of animals, plants, astronomy, biology, and numerous environmental topics. It is not an easy task since the scientific approach taken must be clear like in these examples:

1. Global Warming hoax. 

2. Ozone layer depletion: empirical evidence study. 

3. Food preservation in the 19th century. 

4. Evolution theory in the animal world. 

5. Earthquakes prevention alert systems. 

6. Deep-sea mining dangers and falsification of existing study. 

7. Environmental degradation as the lack of proper academic studies. 

8. Changes of nutrients in plants. 

9. Antioxidants study: justification of stress prevention. 

10. Is Autism a biological aspect that should be explored? 

Your dissertation title must provide an ongoing process to show what kind of a problem will be researched. When dealing with biological aspects, consider including more than one discipline if you plan it for your dissertation.

Social Science

Dissertations on social sciences range from Education, Sociology, Political Sciences to Psychology, Culture, or Anthropology. Check some examples below if you are not certain about what can be chosen in this field. Check similar research papers as you choose a dissertation topic based on what is discovered.

1. The Black Lives Matter movement: controversies. 

2. Dangers of online dating versus physical interactions. 

3. Covid-19 anti-vaccination activists: what are their reasons?. 

4. How does consumerism happen in American society? 

5. Patriotism vs nationalism: red thread analysis. 

6. Spirituality and education: what should teachers keep to themselves? 

7. Single parenting bias in middle school. 

8. Internet communities and friendship aspects. 

9. Sexual assault victims recovery therapies. 

10. Facebook campaigns: dishonesty.

Stay respectful and sensitive as you choose social topics that may be understood differently. Avoid religion and politics if you are not ready to approach both sides of some issue.

Choosing a Dissertation Topic is Easy 

If you are in writer's block or require dissertation proofreader services , have no worries. Even bright students often cannot cope without additional help. Since dissertation writing takes time and effort, turning to experts in your field helps you learn how to write a dissertation on any topic. Providing assistance, writing companies also include a reliability check and analysis of your grading rubric. Even when you require help late at night, professional writing services are available 24/7. Place your order and let experts handle your challenges.

Posted by Diana B., August 04, 2021

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Center for Digital Scholarship

University-Wide Requirements for the Ph.D. Dissertation

Dissertations must comply with the specifications set by the Library, by the author's department, and by the University. Departments, divisions, and schools may have requirements in addition to those described in this booklet. Students are responsible for informing themselves of these additional requirements.

The Dissertation Office provides information on the University’s dissertation policies. We help doctoral students understand dissertation formatting and submission requirements, and we assist with the submission process. Students are welcome to contact us with questions.

Contact the Dissertation Office

Web: phd.lib.uchicago.edu Email: [email protected] Phone: 773-702-7404 Visit: Suite 104D, Center for Digital Scholarship, Regenstein Library

Routine Hours: Monday-Friday, 9:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. and 1:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m. Actual hours vary to accommodate meetings, workshops, and training. The office is often closed during the interim between quarters.

Dissertation Requirements

Doctoral dissertations are original contributions to scholarship. As a condition for receipt of the doctorate, all students are required to submit their dissertations to Knowledge@UChicago, the University’s open access repository. If a dissertation includes copyrighted material beyond fair use, the author must obtain permission from the holder of the copyright.

The public sharing of original dissertation research is a principle to which the University is deeply committed, and dissertations should be made available to the scholarly community at the University of Chicago and elsewhere in a timely manner. If dissertation authors are concerned that making their research publicly available might endanger research subjects or themselves, jeopardize a pending patent, complicate publication of a revised dissertation, or otherwise be unadvisable, they may, in consultation with faculty in their field (and as appropriate, research collaborators), restrict access to their dissertation for a limited period of time according to the guidelines outlined by the Dissertation Office. If a dissertation author needs to renew an embargo at the end of its term or initiate an embargo after graduation, the author must contact the Dissertation Office with the embargo request. Embargo renewals may be approved only in rare instances, and in general no more than one renewal will be allowed.

All dissertations must follow the formatting and submission requirements stated in the University-Wide Requirements for the Ph.D. Dissertation , available from the Dissertation Office on the first floor of the Joseph Regenstein Library in the Center for Digital Scholarship.

University-Wide Requirements

Academic Policies

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Presenting your thesis

 formatting your thesis.

Please refer to Regulation 7.4.2 for important information on how to format your thesis.

The Library Services guide 'Presenting your thesis' has been written as the standard for all theses presented for research degrees in the University of Birmingham. 

It offers guidance on the practicalities of producing your thesis in a format that is acceptable for examination and for deposit in the library. This guide does not deal with the content and academic standard required of a thesis and on these matters you are advised to consult University Regulations, your supervisor and guidance issued by your School.

Please also see the  Getting your thesis ready workshop webpage .

 Thesis word limit

On submitting your thesis for examination you are required to complete a declaration form confirming the word length of your thesis. You should therefore be aware of the maximum word length for your thesis. See  Regulation 7.4.2 (d).

The stated maximum number of words excludes tables, diagrams (including associated legends), appendices, list of references, footnotes and endnotes, the bibliography and any bound published material. For information on referencing styles see the  iCite – referencing at the University of Birmingham  webpages.

A thesis that exceeds the maximum number of words will not be accepted for examination unless permission to exceed the stated word count has been granted by the Research Progress & Awards Sub Panel. Permission to exceed the stated word count is only granted in exceptional circumstances. If you consider that you will not be able to meet the stated word limited, you are advised to discuss this with your supervisor at an early stage.

 Language of your thesis

 acknowledging collaborative work.

If any material is included in your thesis which is a result of collaborative working, you must include details of how much of the work is your own and how much is that of other people. See Regulation 7.4.1 (h).

It is also important to seek the prior agreement of those other people to make your thesis available in the University eTheses Repository. 

 Previously published or submitted work

You may include work that has already been published providing the work is properly integrated, either in the thesis or as an appendix to which reference is made - see  Regulation 7.4.1 (g). It must be adequately referenced and you are advised to consult with your supervisor if you are unsure about the inclusion of any previously published work in your thesis. 

For additional information please refer to the Copyright for Researchers web page

You may not include material for assessment which has already been submitted for another degree awarded at this or any other University, unless all of the conditions set out in Regulation 7.4.1 (f) are satisfied.

If you are considering including published papers in your thesis, please read the alternative format thesis guide (Word - 22KB).

 Plagiarism

Plagiarism is a form of cheating and is a serious academic offence. It arises where work submitted is not the student's own and has been taken from another source. The original material is then hidden from the marker, either by not referencing it properly, by paraphrasing it or by not mentioning it at all.

For further information see the University’s Guidance on plagiarism for students .

All theses submitted for examination are checked through plagiarism detection software.

 Editorial help for PGR theses

A thesis submitted for examination at the University of Birmingham must be solely the postgraduate researcher’s own work (except where University Regulations permit the inclusion of appropriately referenced collaborative research or work – see Regulation 7.4.1 . A postgraduate researcher must not employ a ‘ghost writer’ to write parts or all of the thesis, whether in draft or as a final version, on his/her behalf.

Editors, whether they are formal supervisors, informal mentors, family or friends or professional, need to be clear about the extent and nature of help they offer in the editing of University of Birmingham PGRs theses and dissertations. Supervisors of PGRs also need to be clear about the role of the third party editors as well as their own editorial role.

PGRs may use third party editorial assistance (paid or voluntary) from an outside source.  This must be with the knowledge and support of supervisors and the use of third party editorial assistance must be stated in the thesis acknowledgement page.

A ‘third party’ editor cannot be used :

• To change the text of the thesis so as to clarify and/or develop the ideas and arguments;
• To reduce the length of the thesis so it falls within the specified word limit;
• To correct information within the thesis;
• To change ideas and arguments put forward within the thesis; and/or
• To translate the thesis into English.

A ‘third party’ editor can be used to offer advice on:

• Spelling and punctuation;
• Formatting and sorting of footnotes and endnotes for consistency and order;
• Ensuring the thesis follows the conventions of grammar and syntax in written English;
• Shortening long sentences and editing long paragraphs;
• Changing passives and impersonal usages into actives, vice versa as may be appropriate;
• Improving the positioning of tables and illustrations and the clarity, grammar, spelling and punctuation of any text in or under tables and illustrations; and
• Ensuring consistency of page numbers, headers and footers.

Where a third party editor is used it is the PGR’s responsibility to provide the third party editor with a copy of this statement (Word - 20KB)  and ensure they complete the Third Party Editor Declaration Form (Word - 32KB)  confirming their compliance with this statement.

When submitting the thesis the PGR must record in the Acknowledgements page the form of contribution the ‘third party’ editor has made, by stating for example, “this thesis was copy edited for conventions of language, spelling and grammar by ABC Editing Ltd”.

Please also see the Code of Practice on Academic Integrity .

 Intellectual property rights

These rights generally belong to the student, but if your work is considered to be commercially significant students may be required to assign their rights to the University. 

For further information please see:

• University Regulation 5.4 covering Intellectual Property
• Regulation 3.16 covering Patents and The Exploitation of Inventions
• The Copyright for Researchers webpage

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“Americans want policies that give every American a chance to make it to the middle class .” ¶ Middletown ¶ “A leader who understands the middle class because she grew up in the middle class .” ¶ midlist ¶ “We have a chance to elect a president who is for the middle class because she is from the middle class .” ¶ middlebrow ¶ “We are charting a new way forward. Forward to a future with a strong and growing middle class because we know a strong middle class has always been critical to America’s success and building that middle class will be a defining goal of my presidency. And I’ll tell you, this is personal for me. The middle class is where I come from.” ¶ mid ¶ “Everyone in Middletown runs absorbed in keeping his job or raising his wages, building his home, ‘boosting’ his club or church, educating his children.” ¶ middle of the pack ¶ “Kings have frequently lamented the miserable consequence of being born to great things, and wished they had been placed in the middle of the two extremes, between the mean and the great.” ¶ middle of the road ¶ “If any human being, man, woman, dog, cat or half-crushed worm dares call me ‘ middlebrow ’ I will take my pen and stab him, dead.” ¶ middle seat ¶ middle age ¶ “A tepid ooze of Midcult is spreading everywhere.” ¶ middle school ¶ “We have entered the golden age of Mid TV.” ¶ middle finger ¶ Middle Ages ¶ “Be careful: these are dangerous streets for us upper-lower-middle-class types.” ¶ “Americans want policies that give every American a chance to make it to the middle class .” ¶ Middletown ¶ “A leader who understands the middle class because she grew up in the middle class .” ¶ midlist ¶ “We have a chance to elect a president who is for the middle class because she is from the middle class .” ¶ middlebrow ¶ “We are charting a new way forward. Forward to a future with a strong and growing middle class because we know a strong middle class has always been critical to America’s success and building that middle class will be a defining goal of my presidency. And I’ll tell you, this is personal for me. The middle class is where I come from.” ¶ mid ¶ “Everyone in Middletown runs absorbed in keeping his job or raising his wages, building his home, ‘boosting’ his club or church, educating his children.” ¶ middle of the pack ¶ “Kings have frequently lamented the miserable consequence of being born to great things, and wished they had been placed in the middle of the two extremes, between the mean and the great.” ¶ middle of the road ¶ “If any human being, man, woman, dog, cat or half-crushed worm dares call me ‘ middlebrow ’ I will take my pen and stab him, dead.” ¶ middle seat ¶ middle age ¶ “A tepid ooze of Midcult is spreading everywhere.” ¶ middle school ¶ “We have entered the golden age of Mid TV.” ¶ middle finger ¶ Middle Ages ¶ “Be careful: these are dangerous streets for us upper-lower-middle-class types.” ¶ “Americans want policies that give every American a chance to make it to the middle class .” ¶ Middletown ¶ “A leader who understands the middle class because she grew up in the middle class .” ¶ midlist ¶ “We have a chance to elect a president who is for the middle class because she is from the middle class .” ¶ middlebrow ¶ “We are charting a new way forward. Forward to a future with a strong and growing middle class because we know a strong middle class has always been critical to America’s success and building that middle class will be a defining goal of my presidency. And I’ll tell you, this is personal for me. The middle class is where I come from.” ¶ mid ¶ “Everyone in Middletown runs absorbed in keeping his job or raising his wages, building his home, ‘boosting’ his club or church, educating his children.” ¶ middle of the pack ¶ “Kings have frequently lamented the miserable consequence of being born to great things, and wished they had been placed in the middle of the two extremes, between the mean and the great.” ¶ middle of the road ¶ “If any human being, man, woman, dog, cat or half-crushed worm dares call me ‘ middlebrow ’ I will take my pen and stab him, dead.” ¶ middle seat ¶ middle age ¶ “A tepid ooze of Midcult is spreading everywhere.” ¶ middle school ¶ “We have entered the golden age of Mid TV.” ¶ middle finger ¶ Middle Ages ¶ “Be careful: these are dangerous streets for us upper-lower-middle-class types.”

The ‘Middle’ Is a Muddle

Everybody loves the middle class. Nobody wants to be mid, or middling. “Middle” is a tricky word.

By A.O. Scott

Are you middle class? Am I? Is everybody?

In American politics, “ middle class ” doesn’t just name a particular segment of the population, a demographic group whose votes are necessary to electoral success. It represents an ideal, a moral principle, a set of values and interests that are not particular but universal.

At the Democratic convention, the phrase seemed to pop up in every other speech. Full-throated tributes to the middle class were offered by, among others, a governor who is also the billionaire scion of a hotel empire, an actor who happens to be a son and grandson of Hollywood moguls, and a congresswoman who once worked as a bartender.

“Americans want policies that give every American a chance to make it to the middle class .” — Gov. J.B. Pritzker of Illinois

“A leader who understands the middle class because she grew up in the middle class .” — the actor Tony Goldwyn

“We have a chance to elect a president who is for the middle class because she is from the middle class .” — Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez

And also, of course, by Vice President Kamala Harris, a daughter of an economist and a medical researcher, who was portrayed by speaker after speaker as both a product of the middle class and its champion.

“We are charting a new way forward. Forward to a future with a strong and growing middle class because we know a strong middle class has always been critical to America’s success and building that middle class will be a defining goal of my presidency. And I’ll tell you, this is personal for me. The middle class is where I come from.” — Vice President Kamala Harris

Allegiance to the middle class doesn’t define the left or the right; it transcends such divisions. Political parties are expected to move to the center, and to prioritize the needs of Middle America , which both is and isn’t a geographical designation.

Nearly a century ago, the sociologists Helen Merrell Lynd and Robert Staughton Lynd called their classic study of the American heartland “ Middletown .” It was about Muncie, Ind., but there are plenty of actual Middletowns out there. The one in Ohio is Senator JD Vance’s hometown.

“Everyone in Middletown runs absorbed in keeping his job or raising his wages, building his home, ‘boosting’ his club or church, educating his children.” — Helen Merrell Lynd and Robert Staughton Lynd, “Middletown”

The middle is everywhere. Which, when you stop to think about it, is odd, even illogical. The creme may be the best part of the Oreo, but it exists only in relation to the wafers that surround it. If it’s only middle, it isn’t a cookie at all, just a blob of sweet goo.

That may be why politicians seek out the middle so eagerly.

“Kings have frequently lamented the miserable consequence of being born to great things, and wished they had been placed in the middle of the two extremes, between the mean and the great.” — Daniel Defoe, “Robinson Crusoe”

The rest of our culture often goes in the opposite direction. In art, up high is where the masterpieces are; down low is where the fun is.

The middle — the midlist , the middlebrow , the just plain mid — is a dead zone. Average. Ordinary. Common. Median. Mediocre. Meh.

“If any human being, man, woman, dog, cat or half-crushed worm dares call me ‘ middlebrow ,’ I will take my pen and stab him, dead.” — Virginia Woolf

“A tepid ooze of Midcult is spreading everywhere.” — Dwight Macdonald, “Masscult and Midcult”

“We have entered the golden age of Mid TV.” — James Poniewozik, The New York Times

The middle is not good enough to be great, not bad enough to be trash, and thus comes in for a special kind of contempt. Middle of the pack . Middle of the road . Middle seat. Middle school is miserable, and so is middle age . So were the Middle Ages !

Which, as it happens, is when the middle class got started, as a kind of catchall category between the established feudal ranks. There were people who owned the land and people who worked on it, and then there were people who did other things. Across Europe, those merchants, manufacturers and, well, middlemen tended to congregate in market towns. The French word for that kind of place was bourg , and so this class of non-peasants and non-aristocrats came to be called the bourgeoisie .

“Full of seething, wormy, hollow feelings rather nasty — How beastly the bourgeois is!” — D.H. Lawrence

“The bourgeoisie , during its rule of scarce 100 years, has created more massive and more colossal productive forces than have all preceding generations together.” — Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

Everybody hates the bourgeoisie. Maybe not everyone, but you rarely hear “bourgeois” used as a compliment. The word connotes priggish respectability, pomp and pretentiousness, a way of life lacking the elegance and distinction — the class — of the old landed elite. It also referred to the ruling class, the factory owners and capitalists whose historic antagonists were the workers they employed, also known as the proletariat.

That isn’t a word you hear much anymore. Working class — a term favored by some of the speakers at the Republican convention as well as a few Democrats — is now a synonym for middle class, which only heightens the contradiction. The modern-day middle class now somehow includes both sides of the historical class struggle.

“Be careful: These are dangerous streets for us upper-lower-middle-class types.” — Homer Simpson

The middle is divided against itself — an aspirational ideal and a default setting, a state of equilibrium and a place to get stuck. The center cannot hold.

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