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Case Based (Factual) Unseen Passages: Practice English Grammar for School Classes

• Post last modified: 17 September 2022
• Post category: Grammar Exercises / School Grammar

What are Case Based (Factual Passages)? Simply put, factual passages are those passages, which let the readers imagine and feel the factual qualities of a topic as mentioned in the passage. The topic can be about a place, person, thing or event. A factual passage tells the reader about the consecutive things related to the topic in detail, occurring in an orderly manner.

Case Based (Factual) Passages

1. read the passage given below: [cbse set 2, 2021-22] .

• Milkha Singh, also known as The Flying Sikh, was an Indian track and field sprinter who was introduced to the sport while serving in the Indian Army. He is the only athlete to win gold in 400 metres at the Asian Games as well as the Commonwealth Games. He also won gold medals in the 1958 and 1962 Asian Games. He represented India in the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome and the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo) He was awarded the Padma Shri, India’s fourth-highest civilian honour, in recognition of his sporting achievements 
• The race for which Singh is best remembered is his fourth-place finish in the 400 metres final at the 1960 Olympic Games. He led the race till the 200 m mark before easing off, allowing others to pass him. Singh’s fourth-place time of 45.73 seconds was the Indian national record for almost 40 years. 
• From beginnings that saw him orphaned and displaced during the partition of India, Singh became a sporting icon in the country. In 2008, journalist Rohit Baijnath described Singh as “the finest athlete India has ever produced”. 
• He was disappointed with his debut performance at the 1956 Melbourne Olympics. *1 returned to India, chastened by my poor performance in Melbourne. I had been so excited by the prospects of being part of the Indian Olympics team, but, hadn’t realized how strong and professional the competition would be. My success in India had filled me with a false sense of pride and it was only when I was on the track that I saw how inconsequential my talents were when pitted against superbly fit and seasoned athletes. It was then that I understood what competition actually meant, and that if I wanted to succeed on the international arena, I must be prepared to test my mettle against the best athletes in the world.” 
• Then he decided to make sprinting the sole focus of his life. “Running had thus become my God, my religion and my beloved”. My life during those two years was governed by strict rules and regulations and a self-imposed penance. Every morning I would rise at the crack of dawn, get into my sports kit and dash off to the track, where I would run two or three miles cross-country in the company of my coach.” 
• On how he pushed himself through the tough days of vigorous training. “I practiced so strenuously that often I was drained of all energy, and there were times when I would increase my speed to such an extent that after my rounds, I would vomit blood or drop-down down unconscious through sheer exercise. My doctors and coaches warned me, asked me to slow down to maintain my health and equilibrium but my determination was too strong to give up. My only focus was to become the best athlete in the world. But then images of    a    packed    stadium    filled    with    cheering    spectators, wildly applauding me as I crossed the finishing line, would flash across my mind and I would start again, encouraged by visions of victory.” 

Based on your reading answer any five questions from the six given below: 1×5=5  

(i) What is Milka Singh known as? What realization did Milkha Singh have when he was on the track during the Melbourne Olympics?  

(ii) List any two of Milkha Singh’s achievements.  

(iii)  What strict rules and regulations did Milkha Singh follow?  

(iv)  State two consequences of his hard and strenuous practice.  

(v)  What motivated Milkha Singh to become the best athlete in the world?  

(vi)  Explain the phrase ‘I would start again’ in the last sentence. 

1. Milkha Singh was known as ‘The Flying Sikh’. 

He realised how inconsequential his talents were when pitied against superbly fit seasoned athletes. He also realised that he needed to prepare well to test his mettle against the best athletes in the world. 

2. (i) The only athlete to win 400 meters at the Asian Games as well as Commonwealth Games. 

(ii) Won gold in 1958 and 1962 Asian Games. His national record stood unbroken for 40 years. 

(iii) He was awarded Padam Shiri for his sporting achievements. 

3. Every morning he would rise at the crack of the dawn, get into his sports kit and dash off to the track, where he would run two or three miles cross-country with his coach. 

4. ( i) He was drained of all energy. 

(ii) He would vomit blood or drop-down unconscious through sheer exercise. 

5. He was motivated by his vision of victory at a packed stadium with spectators cheering and applauding him as he crossed the finishing line. 

6. ‘I would start again’ means here that he was encouraged to shun any complacency and start again with the double energy and determination to become the best athlete. 

Q. Read the following excerpt from a Case Study. J.K. Rowling – A Journey. [CBSE SET 2, 2022] 

The story of Joanne Kathleen Rowling’s near magical rise to fame is almost as well known as the characters she creates. 

Rowling was constantly writing and telling stories to her younger sister Dianne. “The first story I ever wrote down was about a rabbit called Rabbit.” Rowling said in an interview. “He got the measles and was visited by his friends including a giant bee called Miss Bee. And ever since Rabbit and Miss Bee, I have always wanted to be a writer, though I rarely told anyone so. 

However, my parents, both of whom come from impoverished backgrounds and neither of whom had been to college, took the view that my overactive imagination was an amusing personal quirk that would never pay a mortgage or secure a pension. 

A writer from the age of six, with two unpublished novels in the * drawer, she was stuck on a train when Harry walked into her mind fully formed. She spent the next five years constructing the plots of seven books, one for every year of his secondary school life. 

Rowling says she started writing the first book, Harry’ Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, in Portugal, where she was teaching English. 

At first nobody wanted to publish Harry Potter.  She was told that plot was too complex. Refusing to compromise, she found a publisher. 

n 1997 Rowling received her first royalty cheque. By book three, she had sky rocketed to the top of the publishing world. A row of zeroes appeared on the author’s bank balance and her life was turned upside down. Day and night she had journalists knocking on the unanswered door of her flat. 

Rowling’s quality control has become legendary, as her obsession with accuracy. She’s thrilled with Stephen Fry’s taped version of the books and outraged that an Italian dust jacket showed Harry minus his glasses. “Don’t they understand that the glasses are the clue to his vulnerability.” 

Annual earnings of J.K. Rowling from 2010 to 2019 

On the basis of your understanding of the passage answer any five of the six questions given below. 1×5=5 

(i) Explain J.K. Rowling’s ‘near magical rise to fame’. 

(ii) What reason did the publishers give for rejecting Rowling’s book?  

(iii) What was the drawback of achieving fame? 

(iv) Why was Rowling outraged with the Italian dust jacket? 

(v)  Find a word in the last para that means the same as ‘insecure/helpless. 

(vi) According to the graph, how many years did it take Rowling to become very successful?

(i) Jk Rowling’s near magical rise to fame is well known as the character she creates I.e. her popular characters led her to magical fame. She was on top of the world of publishing house after the book three was published and her bank balance increased tremendously.  

(ii) She was told that her plot of Harry Potter was too complex. 

(iii) The draw back was that she was approached day and night by journalists knocking at the door of her flat. It was becoming a nuisance and she did not respond all of them. 

(iv) She was obsessed with quality and accuracy and therefore was outraged at an Italian just Jacket for showing Harry without glasses. 

(v) vulnerability 

(v) It took around 6 years for Rowlings to become very successful.

Q. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow:

India Covid-19 numbers explained

1. With novel Coronavirus spreading rapidly all over the country, there are only three states right now, Meghalaya, Sikkim and Andaman and Nicobar Islands, that have less than 1,000 people infected with the disease.

2. Lakshadweep, of course, still hasn’t reported even a single case till now, the only region in India entirely free of the epidemic.

3. Otherwise, even the relatively smaller states now have significantly large spread of the disease. Goa, for example, has seen more than 7,000 of its people infected by the virus till now. Tripura has over 5,500 cases, while Manipur has more than 3,000, and Nagaland a little less than 2,500. Puducherry has more than 4,000 cases, while even Daman and Diu has over 1,300 people infected.

4. And in each of these states, the numbers are rising at a fast pace, at a rate higher than the national level. The infections had initially reached these states in the first and second week of May, when the lockdown was relaxed for the first time to enable people stuck in different parts of the country to return to their native places.

5. After a period of very slow growth, the number of cases have begun to rise rapidly in the last one month. In Goa, for example, the total number of infected people has nearly doubled in the last 15 days. Same has happened in Puducherry, as well.

6. Tuesday was one of those rare occasions when the number of active cases in the country, those who are yet to recover from the disease, went down compared to the previous day. That is because the number of recoveries, combined with the number of deaths, exceeded the new cases that were detected on Tuesday.

7. With over 52,500 new cases detected in the country, the total number of infections crossed 19 lakh, out of `which 12.82 lakh people have recovered from the disease. The number of dead is now close to 40,000.

8. The number of recoveries on Tuesday was the highest-ever for a single day. More than 51,700 people were declared to have been recovered. Three days earlier, the number of recoveries had crossed 50,000 for the first time, but in the next two days the number had fallen to much lower levels.

Choose the correct option to answer the questions based on the above passage and graphics. Do any ten.

(a) How are these three states – Meghalaya, Sikkim and Andaman and Nicobar Islands – different from the rest of India? (i) they are the only states to have less than 1,000 people infected with novel coronavirus (ii) they are three of the five states to have less than 1,000 people infected with novel coronavirus (iii) they are the only states to have less than 2,000 people infected with novel coronavirus (iv) none of these

(b) __________ is the only region in India which is entirely free of the epidemic. (i) Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ii) Maharashtra (iii) Lakshadweep (iv) Tripura

(c) What is common among Goa, Tripura, Manipur, Nagaland, Puducherry and Daman and Diu? (i) the numbers are rising at a fast pace at rates lower than the national level (ii) the numbers are falling at a fast pace at rates equal than the national level (iii) the numbers are rising at a fast pace at rates higher than the national level (iv) none of these

(d) Based on your understanding of the passage, choose the option that lists the inherent qualities of climate in the present times. (i) 1 and 4 (ii) 2 and 6 (iii) 1 and 3 (iv) 3 and 5

(e) Which date in the graph shows the highest jump of detected cases in a day? (i) July 30 (ii) July 31 (iii) August 1 (iv) August 2

(f) Of the 19 lakh infected cases, how many have recovered? (i) 11.82 lakh (ii) 13.82 lakh (iii) 12.81 lakh (iv) 12.82 lakh

(g) More than 51,700 people were declared to have been recovered on _______. (i) Wednesday (ii) Sunday (iii) Tuesday (iv) Monday

(h) When had the number of recoveries crossed 50,000 for the first time? (i) two days earlier (ii) Tuesday (iii) three days earlier than Tuesday (iv) none of these

(i) Which word in the passage means the same as “quickly”? (i) rapidly (ii) significantly (iii) native (iv) rare

(j) Which word in the passage is opposite in meaning to “indigenous”? (i) rapidly (ii) significantly (iii) native (iv) rare

Answers: (a) (i) they are the only states to have less than 1,000 people infected with novel coronavirus (b) (iii) Lakshadweep (c) (iii) the numbers are rising at a fast pace at rates higher than the national level (d) (iii) 1 and 3 (e) (ii) July 31 (f) (iv) 12.82 lakh (g) (iii) Tuesday (h) (iii) three days earlier than Tuesday (i) (i) rapidly (j) (iii) native

Australia’s 2019-2020 Bushfire Season was not Normal

• Data from satellite sources assembled by the United Nations Environment Programme’s (UNEP) World Environment Situation Room confirms that the wildfires in Australia in the last two months of 2019 and the first six weeks of 2020 were far from normal. 2019 was the second hottest year on record since 1880, and Australia recorded its warmest temperatures ever in December 2019.
• “Rising temperatures continue to melt records. The past decade was the hottest on record. Scientists tell us that ocean temperatures are now rising at the equivalent of five Hiroshima bombs a second. One million species are in near-term danger of extinction. Our planet is burning,” says United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres.
• “The trend is very clear: 37 of the last 40 years were the warmest recorded since 1880, and the six warmest years recorded were the last six years,” says Pascal Peduzzi, Director of UNEP’s Global Resource Information Database in Geneva. “For those who think Australia is always burning, graphs clearly show that these fires were exceptional.”
• “This service, accessible via the UNEP’s World Environment Situation Room, is provided for all countries at national and provincial levels. It identifies trends in wildfire activity since 2003, when the data first became available and monitoring began. We have sliced and diced the satellite-based data on wildfires worldwide from 2009 to the present day. We analyse the wildfires’ data by month, type of land cover, protected area, province and nation to produce information products,” Peduzzi adds. (Source: UN Environment)

(a) What do the reports confirm about the 2019-20 Australian fires? (i) the fires were not normal (ii) the fires were normal (iii) the fires were natural (iv) data inconclusive

(b) What was the difference in the recorded temperatures in 2019 from the 1880s? (i) 2019 recorded the wettest temperatures since 1880s (ii) 2019 recorded the hottest temperatures ever (iii) 2019 recorded the cooler temperatures than 1880s (iv) 2019 recorded the warmest temperatures since 1880s

(c) What comparison has been made between the rising sea temperatures and Hiroshima? (i) ocean temperatures are rising at the equivalent of three Hiroshima bombs a second (ii) ocean temperatures are rising at the equivalent of five Hiroshima bombs a second (iii) ocean temperatures are rising at the equivalent of five Hiroshima bombs an hour (iv) none of these

(d) Choose the option that lists the CORRECT answers for the following:

“Rising temperatures continue to melt records. The past decade was the hottest on record. Scientists tell us that ocean temperatures are now rising at the equivalent of five Hiroshima bombs a second”. Whose statement is this?

“The trend is very clear: 37 of the last 40 years were the warmest recorded since 1880, and the six warmest years recorded were the last six years.” Whose statement is this?

(i) (1) is from United Nations Secretary and (2) is from the UN President (ii) (1) is from the UN President and (2) is from the UN General Secretary (iii) (1) is from United Nations Secretary and (2) is from the Director of UNEP (iv) (1) is from the UN General Secretary and (2) is from the UN President

(e) Based on your understanding of the passage, choose the option that lists the inherent qualities of climate in the present times. (i) 1 and 3 (ii) 2 and 6 (iii) 3 and 4 (iv) 5 and 6

(f) Which of the following independent data source is NOT PRESENT in the given graph? (i) NASA (ii) NOAA (iii) ISRO (iv) JMA

(g) Choose the option that lists the CORRECT statement. (i) Pascal Peduzzi is the Director of UNEP’s Global Renaissance Information Database (ii) Pascal Peduzzi is the Director of UNO’s Global Resource Information Database (iii) Pascal Peduzzi is the Manager of UNEP’s Global Resource Information Database (iv) Pascal Peduzzi is the Director of UNEP’s Global Resource Information Database

(h) How can you say that the UN is concerned about the rising numbers of coal plants? (i) UNDP Secretary General António Guterres is calling for curbs on new plants (ii) UN Secretary General António Guterres is calling for curbs on new plants (iii) UN Executive Secretary António Guterres is calling for curbs on new plants (iv) UN Secretary General Antony Guterres is calling for curbs on new plants

(i) UNEP’s World Environment Situation Room has been tracking the world temperatures since. (i) 2003 (ii) 2013 (iii) 2000 (iv) 2001

(j) The graph compiled with data from four different sources shows that the global surface temperatures have been _ . (i) steady (ii) falling (iii) on the rise (iv) none of these

(k) Which word in the passage means the same as “collect”? (i) assembled (ii) extinction (iii) exceptional (iv) provincial

(l) Which word in the passage is opposite to the meaning of ‘vague/murky’? (i) assembled (ii) clear (iii) extinction (iv) provincial

(a) (i) the fires were not normal (b) (iv) 2019 recorded the warmest temperatures since 1880s (c) (ii) ocean temperatures are rising at the equivalent of five Hiroshima bombs a second (d) (iii) (1) is from United Nations Secretary and (2) is from the Director of UNEP (e) (i) 1 and 3 (f) (iii) ISRO (g) (iv) Pascal Peduzzi is the Director of UNEP’s Global Resource Information Database (h) (ii) UN secretary general António Guterres is calling for curbs on new plants (i) (i) 2003 (j) (iii) on the rise (k) (i) assembled (l) (ii) clear

Q. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: [CBSE, 2019]

Hyderabad — The City of Nizams GOLCONDA

1. In the 16th century, when Golconda was the capital of Qutb Shahi Kingdom, it is believed that a shepherd boy came across an idol on the hill. It was then that the Kakatiya dynasty’s ruler built the fort, which is 120 m high. After it was captured by Aurangzeb, the Mughal emperor, the fort fell into ruins.

2. The beautiful ruins of the fort have a story to tell. They make you wonder how the fort may have looked in its days of glory and grandeur. The fort also organises a sound and light show every day and the history of this fort is narrated in such an interesting manner that even a child can understand and enjoy it. The climb to the fort is a difficult one and unless you are physically fit, you should avoid the climb and relax in the gardens below. The view from the top is breath-taking.

3. The next place is Charminar. The literal meaning of the monument is ‘four minarets’. There is a mosque on the second floor. It is said that when the state was hit by severe plague, Sultan Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, the fifth ruler of the Qutb Shahi dynasty, prayed to end the plague and promised to build a mosque in the very place where he was praying. Thus, Charminar came into being!

4. The walk from the bottom to the top of the monument is a little frightening, owing to the narrowness of the pathway and the steepness of the steps. Once you reach the top, the view of the crowds moving below will surely lift your spirits.

5. Make sure you visit the nearby Laad Bazaar, where there are rows of shops selling the famous Hyderabadi glass bangles and lac bangles.

SALAR JUNG MUSEUM

6. The Salar Jung Museum is the third largest museum in the country and boasts of owning the biggest one-man collection of antiques in the world. A visit to the Salar Jung Museum is a must even if you are not a fan of antique stuff. You can view the Nizam’s collection of textiles, arms, metalware, ivory carvings, Indian bronzes and carpets.

7. The main attraction is definitely the Musical Clock, made by Cook and Kelvy of England. Inside the clock is a timekeeper. Every hour, he comes out and beats a gong as many times as the time indicates. Another attraction of the museum is the Veiled Rebecca, an amazing sculpture made by the Italian sculptor, Giovanni Maria Benzoni.

On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, answer any ten of the following questions: (any eight) (a) What led to the construction of the Golconda Fort? (b) What led to the destruction of the Golconda Fort? (c) How is the interest in the Fort kept alive? (d) What does the word ‘breath-taking’ in para 2 mean? (e) Why did Quli Qutb Shah build a mosque? (f) How does one feel after reaching the top of Charminar? (g) What is unique about the Salar Jung Museum? (h) What else can one find in this museum apart from antiques? (i) Name the two attractions of the Salar Jung Museum.

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FREE Case Study MCQ Question and Answers

Case study research frequently employs a ________ technique approach to improve validity..

Explanation: The popularity of mixed-method techniques has recently increased. These studies include qualitative and quantitative data collection, analysis, and interpretation, which is why more academics are choosing them.

Case study research begins with __________.

Explanation: Determining the single case or a group of related cases that can be included in a multiple-case study is the first stage. Usually, a search is done to see what is known about the case(s). A review of the literature, grey literature, media, reports, and other sources may be included in this, which helps to develop the research and establish a fundamental understanding of the situations.

Select one or more options for a case study's potential focus.

Please select 2 correct answers

In case studies, which of the following tools is not used?

A case study is a ____________ method for producing a thorough grasp of a complicated problem..

Explanation: A case study is a type of research that entails a thorough, in-depth analysis of a single entity, such as an individual, family, group, company, community, or event. Researchers from various social science fields, such as anthropologists, historians, psychologists, or sociologists, frequently perform case studies.

Select the advantages of working with a case study.

A case study should be conducted when.

Explanation: When you wish to learn more specifically, contextually, in-depth information on a particular real-world topic, a case study is a suitable research design.

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Case Study and Passage Based Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations

• Last modified on: 2 months ago
• Reading Time: 11 Minutes

In CBSE Class 10 Science Paper, Students will have to answer some questions based on Assertion and Reason . There will be a few questions based on case studies and passage based as well. In that, a paragraph will be given, and then the MCQ questions based on it will be asked.

Here, we have provided case based/passage based questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations.

Table of Contents

Case Study/Passage Based Questions on Chemical Reactions and Equations

Case Study/Passage Based Questions

Question 1:

Corrosion is the phenomenon of deterioration of surface of metal in presence of air and moisture. It is a natural process and in the presence of a moist atmosphere, chemically active metals get corroded. This is an oxidation reaction. Rusting is the process where iron corrodes due to exposure to the atmosphere. The main circumstance of corrosion occurs with iron because it is a structural material in construction, bridges, buildings, rail transport, ships, etc. Aluminium is also an important structural metal, but even aluminium undergoes oxidation reactions. However, aluminium doesn’t corrode or oxidize as rapidly as its reactivity suggests. Copper (Cu) corrodes and forms a basic green carbonate.

(i) What is rusting?

(ii) Which two metals do not corrode easily?

(iii) Write the chemical name of the compound formed on corrosion of silver.

(iv) Corrosion is (a) a redox reaction (b) a reduction reaction (c) a displacement reaction (d) an oxidation reaction

Also read: Assertion Reason Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations

Question 2:

Oxidation is the process of gaining of oxygen, or losing of hydrogen. Reduction is the process of losing of oxygen or gaining of hydrogen. The substance which undergoes oxidation is the reducing agent while the substance which undergoes reduction is known as the oxidising agent. Oxidation and reduction always take place together and these type of reactions are known as redox reactions. Some of the examples of redox reactions are given below:

(i) Give two examples of oxidation reaction from your everyday life.

(ii) Write the oxidising agent in the reaction III and VI.

(iii) Which of the following is an oxidising agent? (a) LiAlH 4 (b) Alkaline KMnO 4 (c) Acidified K 2 Cr 2 O 7 (d) Both (b) and (c)

(iv) Out of oxidation and reduction, which reaction takes place at anode?

Also read: Extra Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations

Question 3:

A chemical reaction is a representation of chemical change in terms of symbols and formulae of reactants and products. There are various types of chemical reactions like combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, oxidation and reduction reactions. Reactions in which heat is released along with the formation of products are called exothermic chemical reactions. All combustion reactions are exothermic reactions.

(i) The chemical reaction in which a single substance breaks down into two or more simpler substances upon heating is known as (a) thermal decomposition reaction (b) photo decomposition reaction (c) electric decomposition reaction (d) both (a) and (c)

(ii) The massive force that pushes the rocket forward through space is generated due to the (a) combination reaction (b) decomposition reaction (c) displacement reaction (d) double displacement reaction

(iii) A white salt on heating decomposes to give brown fumes and yellow residue is left behind. The yellow residue left is of (a) lead nitrate (b) nitrogen oxide (c) lead oxide (d) oxygen gas

(iv) Which of the following reactions represents a combination reaction? (a) CaO (s) + H 2 O (l) → Ca(OH) 2 (aq) (b) CaCO 3 (s) → CaO (s) + CO 2 (g) (c) Zn(s) + CuSO 4 (aq) → ZnSO 4 (aq) + Cu(s) (d) 2FeSO 4 (s) → Fe 2 O 3 (s) +SO 2 (g) + SO 3 (g)

(v) Complete the following statements by choosing correct type of reaction for X and Y. Statement 1: The heating of lead nitrate is an example of ‘X’ reaction. Statement 2: The burning of magnesium is an example of ‘Y’ reaction. (a) X- Combination, Y- Decomposition (b) X- Decomposition, Y-Combination (c) X- Combination, Y-Displacement (d) X- Displacement, Y-Decomposition

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3 thoughts on “ Case Study and Passage Based Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations ”

Good examples! But can you please available practical types and equations type of case based questions which we can read and learn an then they help us to solve the Boards examm. Pleaseeww🙂🙂🙂

would love to see more equation based questions. nevertheless, it proved quite useful in my revision!

after going through the above content child should develops ideas to answer based on knowledge acquired.

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CBSE Class 10 Maths Case Study

CBSE Board has introduced the case study questions for the ongoing academic session 2021-22. The board will ask the paper on the basis of a different exam pattern which has been introduced this year where 50% syllabus is occupied for MCQ for Term 1 exam. Selfstudys has provided below the chapter-wise questions for CBSE Class 10 Maths. Students must solve these case study based problems as soon as they are done with their syllabus. 

These case studies are in the form of Multiple Choice Questions where students need to answer them as asked in the exam. The MCQs are not that difficult but having a deep and thorough understanding of NCERT Maths textbooks are required to answer these. Furthermore, we have provided the PDF File of CBSE Class 10 maths case study 2021-2022.

Class 10 Maths (Formula, Case Based, MCQ, Assertion Reason Question with Solutions)

In order to score good marks in the term 1 exam students must be aware of the Important formulas, Case Based Questions, MCQ and Assertion Reasons with solutions. Solving these types of questions is important because the board will ask them in the Term 1 exam as per the changed exam pattern of CBSE Class 10th.

Important formulas should be necessarily learned by the students because the case studies are solved with the help of important formulas. Apart from that there are assertion reason based questions that are important too. 

Assertion Reasoning is a kind of question in which one statement (Assertion) is given and its reason is given (Explanation of statement). Students need to decide whether both the statement and reason are correct or not. If both are correct then they have to decide whether the given reason supports the statement or not. In such ways, assertion reasoning questions are being solved. However, for doing so and getting rid of confusions while solving. Students are advised to practice these as much as possible.

For doing so we have given the PDF that has a bunch of MCQs questions based on case based, assertion, important formulas, etc. All the Multiple Choice problems are given with detailed explanations.

CBSE Class 10th Case study Questions

Recently CBSE Board has the exam pattern and included case study questions to make the final paper a little easier. However, Many students are nervous after hearing about the case based questions. They should not be nervous because case study are easy and given in the board papers to ease the Class 10th board exam papers. However to answer them a thorough understanding of the basic concepts are important. For which students can refer to the NCERT textbook.

Basically, case study are the types of questions which are developed from the given data. In these types of problems, a paragraph or passage is given followed by the 5 questions that are given to answer . These types of problems are generally easy to answer because the data are given in the passage and students have to just analyse and find those data to answer the questions.

CBSE Class 10th Assertion Reasoning Questions

These types of questions are solved by reading the statement, and given reason. Sometimes these types of problems can make students confused. To understand the assertion and reason, students need to know that there will be one statement that is known as assertion and another one will be the reason, which is supposed to be the reason for the given statement. However, it is students duty to determine whether the statement and reason are correct or not. If both are correct then it becomes important to check, does reason support the statement? 

Moreover, to solve the problem they need to look at the given options and then answer them.

CBSE Class 10 Maths Case Based MCQ

CBSE Class 10 Maths Case Based MCQ are either Multiple Choice Questions or assertion reasons. To solve such types of problems it is ideal to use elimination methods. Doing so will save time and answering the questions will be much easier. Students preparing for the board exams should definitely solve these types of problems on a daily basis.

Also, the CBSE Class 10 Maths MCQ Based Questions are provided to us to download in PDF file format. All are developed as per the latest syllabus of CBSE Class Xth.

Class 10th Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions

Class 10 Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions for all the chapters helps students to quickly revise their learnings, and complete their syllabus multiple times. MCQs are in the form of objective types of questions whose 4 different options are given and one of them is a true answer to that problem. Such types of problems also aid in self assessment.

Case Study Based Questions of class 10th Maths are in the form of passage. In these types of questions the paragraphs are given and students need to find out the given data from the paragraph to answer the questions. The problems are generally in Multiple Choice Questions.

The Best Class 10 Maths Case Study Questions are available on Selfstudys.com. Click here to download for free.

To solve Class 10 Maths Case Studies Questions you need to read the passage and questions very carefully. Once you are done with reading you can begin to solve the questions one by one. While solving the problems you have to look at the data and clues mentioned in the passage.

In Class 10 Mathematics the assertion and reasoning questions are a kind of Multiple Choice Questions where a statement is given and a reason is given for that individual statement. Now, to answer the questions you need to verify the statement (assertion) and reason too. If both are true then the last step is to see whether the given reason support=rts the statement or not.

CBSE Class 10 Results 2024 : CBSE Class 10 Answer Book Photocopy Applications Open

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Unseen Passage English: 5 case study-based comprehension passage Reading for Class 10

Here you will find our collection of case study-based comprehension passage English exercises, a new addition to the CBSE curriculum designed to improve your comprehension passage reading skills.

Unseen Passage English 1: Comprehension Passage Reading and Questions

1. The UN’s 2017 International Year tells that sustainable tourism is an important tool for development , most importantly in poor communities and countries. Today sustainability — environmental, social, and economic – is increasingly recognised as the benchmark for all tourism business. As noted by the UN World Tourism Organisation, 57% of international tourist arrivals will be in emerging economies, by 2030. The various ‘Tourism Terms’ are defined as follows:

1.Based on data collected by a survey by Travel Bureau, the following market profile of an ecotourist was constructed:

Age: 35 – 54 years old, although age varied with activity and other factors such as cost. Gender: 50% female and 50% male, although clear differences based on activity were found. Education: 82% were college graduates, a shift in interest in ecotourism from those who have high levels of education to those with less education was also found, indicating an expansion into mainstream markets. Household composition: No major differences were found between general tourists and experienced ecotourists. Party composition: A majority (60%) of experienced ecotourism respondents stated they prefer to travel as a couple, with only 15% stating they preferred to travel with their families, and 13% preferring to travel alone. (experienced ecotourists = Tourists that had been on at least one “ecotourism” oriented trip.) Trip duration: The largest group of experienced ecotourists— (50%) preferred trips lasting 8-14 days. Expenditure: Experienced ecotourists were willing to spend more than general tourists, the largest group (26%). Important elements of trip: Experienced ecotourists top three responses were: (a) wilderness setting, (b) wildlife viewing, (c) hiking/trekking. Motivations for taking next trip: Experienced ecotourists top two responses were (a) enjoy scenery/ nature, (b) new experiences/places.

After reading the comprehension passage, proceed to the questions that test your understanding.

(i) In the line “……….. recognised as the benchmark”, the word “benchmark” does not refer to: (a) a basis for something. (b) the criterion required. (c) the ability to launch something new. (d) a standard point of reference.

(ii) The World Tourism Organisation of the UN, in an observation, shared that: (a) emerging economies of the world will gain 57% of their annual profits from international tourists. (b) countries with upcoming economies shall see maximum tourist footfall from all over the world in the next decade. (c) many international tourists in 2030 will be from developing countries. (d) barely any tourist in the next decade shall travel from an economically strong nation to a weak one.

(iii) Choose the option that lists the correct answers for the following: 1. Asha Mathew, an NRI, loves animals and wishes to travel to places that safeguard their rights and inculcate awareness of their rights. What kind of tourist is she? 2. Gurdeep Singh from UK is an environmental scientist and has always chosen to travel to places that are examples of a symbiotic relationship between man and nature. What kind of tourist is he? (a) (1) is an ecotourist and (2) is a geotourist. (b) (1) is an ethical tourist and (2) is a geotourist. (c) (1) is a sustainable tourist and (2) is a pro-poor tourist. (d) (1) is a geotourist and (2) is a responsible tourist.

(iv) Based on your understanding of the passage, choose the option that lists the inherent qualities of geotourism.

(a) 1 and 2 (b) 5 and 6 (c) 2 and 4 (d) 3 and 5

(v) In the market profile of an ecotourist, the information on gender indicates that: (a) female ecotourists were more than the male ecotourists. (b) the activity preferences were varied in females and males. (c) the choice of things to do on a trip were quite similar for both the genders. (d) male ecotourists were frequent travellers.

(vi) According to the survey, one of the most powerful driving forces leading experienced ecotourism to invest in new trips was: (a) setting up work stations in new places. (b) the chance to go camping in the wild. (c) competing with other ecotourists as frequent travellers. (d) the opportunity to travel to new places.

(vii) Choose the option that lists statement that is NOT TRUE. (a) Economically backward countries will benefit from sustainable tourism. (b) The tourism business currently recognises sustainability as an important factor. (c) Emerging economies will receive negligible international tourists in the near future. (d) The sustainability factor in tourism is a significant means for development.

(viii) The survey clearly showed that the age range of ecotourists: (a) remained the same for the choice of tourist attractions to visit. (b) changed with the monetary requirements for the trip. (c) fluctuated due to male-female ratio. (d) was constant across various features of the trip.

(ix) The education aspect in the market profile of the ecotourist revealed that ecotourism was no more limited to the small group of highly educated travellers. (True/False) (x) According to the survey conducted by the Travel Bureau, the total percentage of experienced ecotourist who did not prefer to travel was………….

 Answers:

(i)(c) the ability to launch something new. (ii) (b) countries with upcoming economies shall see maximum tourist footfall from all over the world in the next decade. (iii)(b) (1) is an ethical tourist and (2) is a geotourist. (iv) (c) 2 and 4 (v) (b) the activity preferences were varied in females and males. (vi) (d) the opportunity to travel to new places. (vii) (c) Emerging economies will receive negligible international tourists in the near future. (viii) (b) changed with the monetary requirements for the trip. (ix) True (x) 75%

Download the Above Passage in PDF (Printable)

Unseen Passage English 2: Analyze and Answer

1. More than 87,000 healthcare workers have been infected with Covid-19, with just six states – Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Delhi, West Bengal and Gujarat – accounting for three-fourths (around 74%) of the case burden and over 86% of the 573 deaths due to the infection, official data showed. Maharashtra alone, with the highest number of over 7.3 lakh confirmed Covid cases so far, accounts for around 28% of the infected healthcare workers and over 60% of the total deaths, according to the data. 2. While Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu had tested over one lakh healthcare workers each till August 28, Karnataka reported only 12,260 infected healthcare workers – almost half the burden in Maharashtra. Tamil Nadu reported 11,169 cases that included doctors, nurses and Asha workers. The three states together accounted for 55% of the total cases among health workers. Risk to frontline workers can jeopardise India’s Covid fight – The three states also reported the highest number of deaths in healthcare professionals, though with a wide gap between Maharashtra and the other two. While Maharashtra reported 292 deaths among healthcare workers, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu had 46 and 49 deaths, respectively.

Covid-19 Cases till August 2020

3. A large number of infections and even deaths of healthcare workers in particular states is being viewed with concern by officials and public health experts, who say risks to frontline workers can jeopardise India’s fight against the pandemic. The issue, discussed in a review meeting headed by the cabinet secretary on Thursday, saw the Centre cautioning states about the need to protect a crucial resource. The possible factors responsible for high infections, officials said, were lax infection control in hospitals and the need for stringent containment measures in areas where health professionals reside to safeguard them. 4. Despite the high number of cases, the government has received only 143 claims since April under the 50 lakh Covid-19 insurance scheme for healthcare workers engaged in Covid mitigation activities. Official sources said the wide gap between the number of deaths and claims could be because all the casualties may not be eligible under the scheme. Besides, the claims are a bit slow in coming as families of the dead take time to apply and do the required paperwork.  5. ‘Solidarity with health workers cannot be met with mere words of encouragement but by concerted efforts to strengthen the health workforce. Safety net for their families should be provided including a term insurance cover of overt 2 crore, with the government as sole guarantee,’ said Giridhar Babu, epidemiologist at the Public Health Foundation of India. ‘Protecting healthcare workers is of paramount importance to make sure we have a large enough force to take care of patients who need their services’ said Dr H Sudarshan Ballal, chairman, Manipal Hospitals, who said such workers may be at risk because of a large number of asymptomatic patients and lack of proper use of PPEs.                                    ( Source : The Times of India/health Ministry)

(i) In the line “… risks to frontline workers”, the term ‘frontline workers’ does NOT refer to: (a) healthcare workers (b) police (c) cleanliness workers (d) teachers

(ii) Which state of India was on the top in terms of confirmed COVID-19 cases? (a) Karnataka (b) Tamil Nadu (c) Delhi (d) Maharashtra

(iii) Based on your understanding of the passage, choose the option that lists the factors responsible for high infection in healthcare professionals. 1. Careless infection control in hospital  2. Negligency by healthcare professionals  3. Lack of stringest containment measure  4. The lack of healthcare professionals  (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 4 (c) 1 and 3 (d) 3 and 4

(iv) How many healthcare workers, infected with COVID-19, were there in Karnataka till August 2020? (a) 11,169 (b) 12,260 (c) 1,07,100 (d) 15,213

(v) Choose the option that lists statement that is NOT TRUE. (a) Maharashtra was the worst sufferer of Covid-19. (b) Karnataka had less number of Covid-19 cases as compared to Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. (c) The deaths of healthcare workers are disregarded by officials. (d) Most of the families of deceased healthcare workers received रु50 lakh under Covid-19 insurance scheme.

(vi) How many claims has the government received since April 2020 under the ? 50 lakh COVID-19 insurance scheme for healthcare workers engaged in COVID-19 alleviation activities? (a) 49 claims (b) 51 claims (c) 46 claims (d) 143 claims

(vii) ‘Healthcare workers’ refers to………….  (viii) On how many healthcare workers have COVID-19 tests been conducted in Punjab? (ix) Lax infection control in hospitals is the main reason for high infection among healthcare workers. (True/False)                                                                    (x) What does the term ‘concerted efforts’ in pars 5 mean?

(i)(d) teachers (ii) (d) Maharashtra (iii)(c) 1 and 3 (iv) (b) 12,260 (v) (c) The deaths of healthcare workers are disregarded by officials. (vi) (d) 143 claims (vii) doctors, nurses, Asha workers, etc. (viii) On 13,141 healthcare workers COVID-19 tests have been conducted in Punjab. (ix) True (x) The term ‘concerted efforts’ means ‘collective efforts’.

Unseen Passage English 3: Reading Comprehension Exercise

1. Natural calamities generally bring death and disaster on a large scale. Tsunami waves, earthquakes, floods, droughts and epidemics have taken a heavy toll of human lives, particularly the children. The children who survive these disasters suffer the most. They are condemned to lead a life full of misery, insecurity, want and fear. Only the concerted efforts of the Government and the agencies involved in disaster management can help them lead normal lives again.

2. The natural calamities have tragically affected the lives of about 15000 children in recent years in India. The tsunami waves and earthquakes created havoc on a large scale. About 5430 children became homeless due to the tsunami and 5438 were the victims of the earthquakes. Floods displaced 2602 and droughts affected 2036 children. Epidemics affected 1313 children. Out of these figures, 1093 children live constantly in general fear; 110 children have withdrawn socially; 20 children have become deaf and 16 of them can’t speak any more. More than 450 children can’t sleep at night while 1164 can’t concentrate on anything. The tragedy is that 21 of them have become blind, 43 asthmatic and 276 are still in shock. 566 suffer from frequent headache and stomachache. About 850 children fear water and sound and 117 have refused to go to school.

3. Disaster management programmes have not Epidemic proved up to the mark and up to the task. The Government and the concerned agencies should provide comprehensive aids and help to the survivors, particularly the children. They must provide nutritious food, clothes, shelters and medical aids to them. MI efforts should be made to wipe out the scars left by these disasters.

(i) Based on your understanding of the passage, choose the option that lists the statements that are TRUE.

(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 5 (c) 1 and 3 (d) 2 and 4

(ii) What can make the lives of the children , affected with various disasters, normal? (a) The concerted efforts of the government. (b) The concerted efforts of the agencies involved in disaster management. (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) nor (b)

(iii) As per the histogram, the most disastrous natural calamity for children is: (a) Earthquake (b) Tsunami (c) Flood (d) Drought

(iv) The number of children suffering from frequent headache and stomach ache is: (a) 839 (b) 1,164 (c) 110 (d) 566

(v) Who should be responsible for providing the disaster affected children with nutritious food , clothes, shelters and medical aids? (a) The Government (b) The concerned agencies (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) nor (b)

(vi) Which of these are the examples of natural calamities? (a) Floods (b) Tsunamis (c) Earthquakes (d) All of these

(vii) Who among the following are the worst sufferers of natural calamities? (a) Elderly people (b) Youth (c) Children (d) Adults

(viii) Natural calamities generally cause ………. on a large scale. (ix) The role of Disaster Management Programmes in resolving the problems of natural calamities is very bad. (True/False) (x) The antonym of ‘occasional’ in pare 2 is………… .

(i)(b) 2 and 5 (ii) (c) Both (a) and (b) (iii)(b) Tsunami (iv) (d) 566 (v) (c) Both (a) and (b) (vi) (d) All of these (vii) (c) Children (viii) death and disaster (ix) False (x) Frequent

Case Study-Based Comprehension Passage – 4

1. Over 80% of fatalities in road accidents in India happened due to speeding and dangerous or driving a comparative analysis of National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) data since 2014 shows. While this careless corroborates the popular perception of how people drive on the road in a country where getting a driving licence is often said to b . be too easy. Experts said most of the fatal accidents are recorded by police under speeding and dangerous driving categories in the FIR as there are no other provisions in the Indian Penal Code (IPC) for such offences. 2. According to the latest NCRB report on accidental deaths, 83.2% of road fatalities were on account of these two types of violations and the rest 16.8% of fatalities were due to reasons including drunk driving, bad weather conditions and mechanical defect. In 2014, when such causes of fatal crashes were first compiled, 89.4% of the deaths were due to speeding and dangerous or careless driving as per the police records and this was the highest ever. 3. “We face a host of challenges ranging from poor system of issuing driving licences to almost zero scientific investigation of fatal crashes, which are provided in the law. Most of our national highways and state highways, which pass through villages, have no pedestrian crossings. On the top of this, in all fatal cases, police automatically registers them under section 279 (negligent driving resulting death) of the IPC,” said mad safety expert Rohit Baluja, who has been a regular guest faculty at Indian Police Academy, Hyderabad. 4. Confirming this, traffic adviser in Punjab, government, Navdeep Asija said in case of all fatal accidents, the provisions of IPC are slapped. “In IPC, any crime or offence has to be lodged against a human being and hence there cannot be any charge against a road, vehicle or any other object. That’s why police data may not indicate the exact reason of crashes. But it is also a fact that violation of traffic rules is rampant on roads and only electronic surveillance can put a check on them,” he added.

5.Baluja said there is a need to define what is dangerous driving and the norms for fixing speed limits. “In Delhi, the speed limit is same across major roads, Year residential areas and markets during day lean time and at night as well. No authorities are held responsible for deficiencies on their part,” he pointed out. Though the amended Motor Vehicle Act has included a provision to hold road owning agencies, contractors and consultants in case of fatal accidents due to faulty road construction or design, the government is yet to notify the process for this.                                                  ( Source: Times of India)

(i) Based on your understanding of the passage, choose the option that lists accurate speed limit rules authorised in Delhi. 1. Different speed limits for major roads and residential areas. 2. Same speed limit for major roads and residential areas. 3. Same speed limit during day time and at night as well. (a) Only 1 (b) Both 1 and 2 (c) Both 2 and 3 (d) Only 2

(ii) According to the latest NCRB report, what percentage of total fatal road accidents occur due to high speed driving and rash driving? (a) 16.8% (b) 32.3% (c) 27.5% (d) 83.2%

(iii) Choose the option that lists statement that is NOT TURE. (a) Police data may not indicate the exact reason of crashes. (b) Fatal accidents may occur due to faulty road construction. (c) Violation of traffic rules is hardly observed on roads. (d) IPC stands for Indian Penal Code.

(iv) In the line “……… the norms for fixing speed”, the word “norm” DOES NOT refer to: (a) a model (b) a standard (c) usual (d) exception

(v) As per the amended Motor Vehicle Act, who among these are also held responsible for fatal road accidents? (a) Road contractors (b) Road consultants (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) nor (b)

(vi) According to NCRB, which of these factors is/ are responsible for fatal road accidents? (a) High speed driving (b) Rash driving (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) nor (b)

(vii) In which year were the causes of fatal crashes first compiled? (viii) According to the traffic adviser in Punjab government, any crime of offence must be lodged against………..  (ix) The data displays that the largest number of road accidents took place in 2016. (True/False) (x) Which word in para 4 is similar in meaning to ‘observation’?

(i)(c) Both 2 and 3 (ii) (d) 83.2% (iii)(c) Violation of traffic rules is hardly observed on roads. (iv) (d) exception (v) (c) Both (a) and (b) (vi) (c) Both (a) and (b) (vii) The causes of fatal crashes first compiled in 2014. (viii) human being only (ix) False (x) Surveillance

Unseen Passage English 5: Reading Comprehension Exercise

1. There are visible signs of economic rejuvenation since the second half of May, with the second wave of the pandemic abating in most parts of the country and state governments lifting restrictions in phases, a finance ministry report said on 10 August 2021 while calling for sustaining the vaccination progress and the need for Covid-appropriate behaviour. “The receding of India’s second wave, along with rapid progress in vaccination, has set the stage to further accelerate economic recovery. The movement of high frequency indicators in July clearly point towards a broad-based economic revival,” said the finance ministry’s monthly economic report for July, adding that these signs resonate with the fact that the economic impact of the second wave is expected to be muted. 2. It said PMI manufacturing sharply rebounded to be in expansionary zone across output and input sub-components of the index. Marking swift economic recovery, GST collection has reclaimed its ‘ 1 lakh crore-plus territory in July, signifying increased business and consumer activity. Rail freight at 112.7 MT in July hit a record for the month and registered 18.3% growth (year-on-year) and 13.2% rise compared to pre-Covid July 2019. The surge in economic activity is further corroborated by trends in Kharif sowing, fertiliser sales, power consumption, vehicle registrations, highway toll collections, e-way bills and digital transactions, said the report. “Latest available data on growth of eight core industries, auto sales, tractor sales, port traffic, air passenger traffic, also indicate sequential improvement from the contraction induced by the second wave,” it further added.

3. “At this juncture, the economy and society are at a crucial inflection point where sustenance of economic recovery, vaccination progress and Covid-19 appropriate behavioural strategies are needed in close synergy with each other.” It said that having antibodies reduces the probability of acquiring serious illnesses, as is borne by studies. So, any subsequent waves are expected to be mild in terms of severity of disease.

[ Source : Times of India )]

(i) Why do you think the Indian economy is reviving now? (a) The second wave of pandemic is coming down. (b) Restrictions imposed due to Covid-19 are gradually lifted. (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) nor (b)

(ii) In order to control and prevent Covid-19 cases, which of these is must? (a) Strictly following Covid-19 protocols (b) maintaining the vaccination progress (c) both (a) and (b) (d) neither (a) nor (b)

(iii)  The term ‘Covid-appropriate behaviour’ refers to: (a) maintaining appropriate social distancing (b) wearing mask when going out of home (c) washing hands with soap and water and applying sanitizer frequently (d) all of the above

(iv) What does the line “… the economic impact of the second wave is expected to be muted” mean? (a) The impact of the second wave Covid-19 pandemic on economy would be very disastrous. (b) The adverse impact of the second wave Covid-19 pandemic on economy would be to a very less extent. (c) The impact of the second wave Covid-19 pandemic on economy would be to a large extent. (d) The consequence of the second wave Covid-19 pandemic would be positive for economy.

(v) Based on the passage, what would be the impact of imminent wave Covid-19 pandemic in terms of severity of disease? (a) very serious (b) enormous (c) mild (d) deadly

(vi) What does the GST collection of rupees 1 lakh crore plus territory in July 2021 reflect? (a) Nominal business and consumer activity were done in July 2021. (b) The condition of business and consumer activity was very bad in July 2021. (c) Decreased business and consumer activity took place in July 2021. (d) Increased business and consumer activity took place in July 2021.

(vii) Which one of these is an example of the term ‘year-on-year’? (a) In March 2016, Aditi had received his electricity bill of 1540 and in May 2017, he received his electricity bill of रु450. (b) In February 2020, I had earned 220,000, but in March 2020, I earned रु 15,000. (c) In June 2020, Aryan had received his electricity bill of रु 1450 and in June 2021, he received the same supposed amount of his electricity bill. (d) In May 2020, Sneha had spent 225,000 on household expenditure but in August 2020, she spent रु 30,000 on household expenditure.

(viii) Kiaan was vaccinated twice against Covid-19 virus. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding Kiaan according to the passage? (a) Covid-19 virus cannot affect him at all now. (b) He may even acquire serious illness if he is infected by Covid-19 virus. (c) If he is infected by Covid-19, he may become ill but his illness cannot be very serious. (d) If he is infected by Covid-19, he may even die of it.

(ix) According to the Bar graph, approximately on the area of 600 lakh hectares the work of Kharif sowing was done altogether by 6 August 2021 in our country. (True/False) (x) Which word in pare 3 is the synonym of ‘ensuing’?

(i)(c) Both (a) and (b) (ii) (c) both (a) and (b) (iii)(d) all of the above (iv) (b) The adverse impact of the second wave Covid-19 pandemic on economy would be to a very less extent. (v) (c) mild (vi) (d) Increased business and consumer activity took place in July 2021. (vii) (c) In June 2020, Aryan had received his electricity bill of 21450 and in June 2021, he received the same supposed amount of his electricity bill. (viii) (c) If he is infected by Covid-19, he may become ill but his illness cannot be very serious. (ix) False (x) Subsequent

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Case Study: An Early Drought Declaration Gave Washington Communities Opportunity To Prepare

Before summer took hold, Washington issued a nearly-statewide drought declaration, allowing funding to become available for drought relief.

A drought declaration earlier this spring opened up funding to eligible public entities in Washington to respond to more intense drought conditions before they arrived this summer. 

Despite the Pacific Northwest’s rainy reputation, much of Washington falls within a rain shadow east of the Cascade Range, where average annual rainfall amounts average fewer than 15 inches. With too little snowpack, above-average temperatures, or missing spring rains, drought can set in, having enormous impacts on water supply, agriculture, energy, public health, and more. This year, these three conditions came together across the state. 

Washington defines drought as periods when an area’s water supply is currently below or forecast to fall below 75% of normal and water users and the environment are anticipated to experience undue hardship as a result of these drought conditions. 

In April, the state’s water supply fell below 75% of normal, and two governmental committees of state and federal partners convened as part of the state’s drought declaration process. 

As a result, before drought conditions deteriorated and drought impacts worsened, the state issued a  Drought Emergency Declaration . Issuing a Drought Emergency Declaration in April, rather than during the predicted warm and dry summer, allowed water users to prepare for water supply impacts ahead of time, and provided more direct information about the status of the state's water supplies to the public. 

This early drought declaration is an example of one mechanism states can use to help communities prepare for drought impacts, such as reduced irrigation and drinking water supplies, decreased water quality, and negative impacts to aquatic ecosystems. 

More effective drought early warning can help communities move from a reactive to a proactive approach to mitigate the impacts of drought. After virtually the entire Pacific Northwest reached historic drought conditions in 2015, NIDIS established the Pacific Northwest Drought Early Warning System (DEWS), a collaborative network of federal, tribal, state, and local partners that share information and coordinate actions to improve early warning capacity and resilience to drought. NIDIS, working with local partners, continues to support drought early warning in the region, including co-developing the annual Pacific Northwest Water Year Impacts Assessment . 

Now, as 26.7% of Washington is in Moderate to Severe Drought (D1-D2) and 75.2% of the state is in Abnormally Dry (D0) or worse as of July 2, 2024, according to the U.S. Drought Monitor, the state's early drought declaration offered Washington communities funding support to mitigate the impacts of drought conditions. The Washington Department of Ecology continues to be concerned for expanded drought impacts this summer, said Caroline Mellor, statewide drought lead for the agency. For instance, the Northwest River Forecast Center  forecasts below 75% of normal streamflow  for rivers in all regions of the state, and multiple rivers in Northwest Washington are expected to see record and near-record lows, with this year predicted to be  among the five driest years in the 75 year historic record for several river basins. 

“This declaration is about providing relief options to tribes and local public entities facing hardship from current drought conditions,” Mellor said.

The declaration allowed the Department of Ecology to provide  emergency drought relief , including access to $4.5 million in  drought relief funding for federally recognized tribes, cities, counties, irrigation districts, water and sewer districts, and other public entities. In the past, this funding supported removal of recreational dams impeding flows, trucking drinking water to communities, transferring water from water banks for irrigation districts, and mitigating dry water wells. In addition to financial support, the declaration enabled expedited processes for emergency drought permits and temporary water rights transfers. This process does not grant the state emergency powers and is independent from decision-making processes for the curtailment of water, but offers those impacted options to seek relief. 

The state also recently launched the Drought Preparedness and Planning  pilot grant program . This past spring, the Department of Ecology made $1,800,000 in funds available in a competitive grant process for the development of local drought preparedness plans to encourage long-term planning for water supply security, resiliency, and preparedness. 

As Washington experiences drought—and emergency drought declarations— with increasing frequency , tools like the Drought Preparedness and Planning  pilot grant program incentivize drought readiness to address anticipated future drought. 

“Drought may not move as quickly as other damaging weather and climate events, but like other disasters, preparation can reduce the harm it causes,” said Jason Gerlich, Pacific Northwest Regional Drought Information Coordinator at NOAA’s National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS). “In the context of the Pacific Northwest DEWS, this is one example of the many ways states can proactively incentivize drought readiness and support communities by taking early action to prepare for it.” 

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More From Forbes

How BCG Is Revolutionizing Consulting With AI: A Case Study

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In a world where AI is transforming every sector, companies are constantly seeking ways to gain a competitive edge. Boston Consulting Group (BCG) is leading the charge by embracing artificial intelligence (AI), particularly generative AI, to revolutionize its internal operations and consulting services. Let’s delve into how BCG is leveraging AI to transform its business processes and the consulting industry as a whole.

The Strategic Importance Of AI At BCG

AI is not just a buzzword at BCG; it is a fundamental element of their strategy. Vlad Lukic, Managing Director and Senior Partner at BCG, emphasizes the significance of AI, stating, "It gets into the crux of our business, right? And it's going to be fundamental to the toolkit and skills that we need to have." AI serves as an assistant, enabling BCG consultants to operate at unprecedented speeds, thus allowing them to generate insights faster and drive impactful results for their clients.

Real-World Applications Of AI At BCG

1. Interview Processing and Analysis:

Lukic recalls his summer internship, where he had to interview 30 engineers about materials science over three days, transcribe the conversations, distill the insights, and create slides. This labor-intensive process took two weeks. In contrast, a recent consultant used BCG's enterprise GPT to perform a similar task. "On the third day, he had slides and insights ready to go," Lukic marvels. The AI tool transcribed interviews, highlighted key themes, and generated draft presentations in minutes, reducing a two-week process to two or three days.

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2. Gene: BCG's Innovative Conversational AI:

Another striking example of AI's impact at BCG is the development of Gene, a conversational AI designed to engage with humans and create audio experiences. Originally conceived as a co-host for BCG's "Imagine This" podcast about the future, Gene has evolved into a versatile tool for client engagement and content creation.

Paul Michelman, editor-in-chief at BCG, explains, "Gene was born for a specific job, really one job, and its original training was to be a co-host of a podcast." However, the potential of Gene quickly became apparent, and its applications have expanded. Gene now appears at live events with clients and other audiences, engaging in conversations about the future of AI and thought leadership.

Enterprise GPT: A Game Changer

BCG's enterprise GPT is a cornerstone of their AI strategy. Rolled out to every employee, this tool ensures all data remains within BCG's control. Consultants can also build their own GPTs for specific engagements, fostering innovation and efficiency. Over 3,000 GPTs have been created, addressing tasks from document summarization to administrative functions. Lukic highlights its impact on productivity, noting, "It's really helping us move to a different level of speed."

Evolving Roles And Skills In The AI Era

With AI taking over routine tasks, the role of consultants is evolving. Lukic underscores the need for purposeful toil and sanity checks to ensure junior consultants develop essential skills. He explains, "We are forcing some of those conversations with our team members, so that we can build their skills along the way." This includes teaching consultants how to engage with AI tools effectively, ensuring they can provide accurate and reliable insights.

The development of Gene has also prompted new considerations in AI deployment. Bill Moore from BCG Design Studios, who created Gene, explains the challenges in balancing autonomy and control: "We adjust, we work with the temperature to keep that sort of fine-tuned and we'll drop it down to zero if we need really accurate responses."

Measuring The Impact Of AI

BCG conducted a scientific experiment involving 750 employees to measure the impact of generative AI on performance and efficiency. The results were compelling. For straightforward tasks, productivity increased by 30-40% for new hires and 20-30% for experienced consultants. However, for complex tasks, productivity sometimes decreased due to the challenges of debugging AI-generated outputs. This experiment highlighted the importance of understanding where AI can be most effective and implementing proper guardrails to ensure accuracy.

Insights From BCG's GenAI Experiment

BCG's broader research into generative AI reveals significant insights into its value and potential pitfalls. The study found that around 90% of participants improved their performance when using GenAI for creative ideation. However, when applied to business problem-solving—a task outside the tool's current competence—many participants trusted misleading outputs, resulting in a 23% decline in performance compared to those who didn't use the tool. This underscores the necessity of proper training and understanding the limitations of AI tools.

Ensuring Accuracy And Mitigating Risks

To mitigate risks associated with AI, BCG has implemented several guardrails. Human experts review AI-generated insights, and workflows are designed to ensure continuous oversight. Additionally, BCG fine-tunes their models based on usage and feedback, reducing the likelihood of errors.

In the case of Gene, transparency and ethical considerations are paramount. Paul Michelman emphasizes, "We think it's very important... to be fully clear when we're using technology. And two, to really avoid anthropomorphizing." This approach extends to Gene's voice, which is intentionally androgynous and slightly robotic to clearly differentiate it from a human.

Governance And Strategic Implementation Of AI

BCG employs a dual approach to AI implementation. While top-down initiatives identify key workflows that can benefit from AI, grassroots innovation is also encouraged. A senior task force focuses on internal support functions and consulting cohorts, identifying where AI can eliminate bottlenecks and enhance productivity.

The Future Of Consulting In The AI Era

Looking ahead, AI is poised to reshape the consulting industry. Lukic predicts that within a decade, 50% of current tasks will be automated through AI, allowing consultants to focus more on change management and driving adoption within client organizations.

Bill Moore envisions a future where conversational interfaces like Gene become a new layer of interaction with technology, potentially revolutionizing accessibility and user experience.

Strategies For Successful AI Adoption

For CEOs considering AI adoption, Lukic offers two key pieces of advice. First, don't wait. Start addressing frictions and building the necessary governance structures now. Second, engage the organization. Avoid outsourcing AI implementation entirely and instead, focus on building internal capabilities.

Transforming Consulting With AI

BCG's strategic application of AI, particularly generative AI and conversational AI like Gene, showcases how embracing technology can revolutionize internal processes and enhance client service. By leveraging AI tools like enterprise GPT and Gene, BCG is boosting productivity, fostering innovation, and preparing its workforce for the future. As AI continues to evolve, BCG's proactive approach provides a valuable blueprint for other organizations aiming to harness the power of AI in their own operations.

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Case Study Questions for Class 12 Accountancy with Answers

Students should practice Case Study Questions for Class 12 Accountancy with Answers before appearing in Class 12 Accountancy Board exams. We have provided below the class 12 Accountancy Case Study questions based on each chapter in your NCERT Book for Class 12 Accountancy. These chapter-wise questions have been prepared by teachers based on the latest examination pattern and syllabus issued by CBSE, NCERT KVS. The following Case Study questions and answers will be really useful to understand the type of questions that can be asked in exams

Class 12 Accountancy Case Study Questions and Answers

Practicing by going through the past year and Case Study questions for CBSE Class 12 Accountancy is very important to prepare for the Grade 12 Accountancy exams. We have provided below the best collection of questions which can come in your exams.

Chapter Wise Important Questions for Class 12 Accountancy with Answers

It is important for students to go through Important Case Study Questions for Class 12 Accountancy with Answers regularly while studying various chapters. This will help students to test their understanding of various topics and also make sure that they have understood all topics properly. Our teachers have done a detailed analysis of all chapters in your NCERT Book for Class 12 Accountancy. They have identified all the important questions which they expect can come in the examinations.

Students should read the chapters and notes provided by us properly. Then they should refer to the chapter-wise questions given by us. We have covered all important and difficult topics and have provided answers to all Case Study questions. We have provided step-by-step solutions so that you are able to understand the concepts explained behind the questions.

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Microsoft: A Case Study in Strategy Transformation

If you’re leading your team through big changes, this episode is for you.

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In early 2015, Microsoft’s senior leaders were facing a set of difficult decisions. The firm had been struggling to innovate and grow as fast as its competitors. Now they were considering new opportunities that would yield higher growth but lower margins — like shifting away from perpetual licensing to focus on subscription sales.

Harvard Business School professor Fritz Foley studied this period of transformative change at Microsoft for a business case study he wrote. In this episode, he shares how Microsoft’s leaders analyzed different options and worked to get both investors and employees on board with new ideas about growth. He also explains how the company’s risk-averse culture evolved in order to execute such a huge transformation.

Key episode topics include: strategy, growth strategy, business models, corporate governance.  

HBR On Strategy curates the best case studies and conversations with the world’s top business and management experts, to help you unlock new ways of doing business. New episodes every week.

• Listen to the original Cold Call episode: The Transformation of Microsoft (2018)
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HANNAH BATES: Welcome to HBR On Strategy , case studies and conversations with the world’s top business and management experts, hand selected to help you unlock new ways of doing business.

In early 2015, Microsoft’s senior leadership team was facing a set of difficult decisions. The firm had been struggling to innovate and grow as fast as its competitors. Now, they were considering new opportunities that would yield higher growth, but lower margins like shifting away from perpetual licensing to focus on subscription sales.

Today, we bring you a conversation with Harvard Business School professor Fritz Foley, who studied this period of transformative change at Microsoft for a business case study he wrote. In this episode, you’ll get a window into how Microsoft’s leaders analyzed different options and got both investors and employees on board with a different idea of growth. You’ll also learn how the company’s risk-averse culture had to evolve in order to execute such a huge transformation.

This episode originally aired on Cold Call in July 2018. Here it is.

BRIAN KENNY: Electronics enthusiasts in the 1970s looked forward to it every year: the January issue of Popular Electronics . That is because that issue was known for featuring the coolest up-and-coming products in the world of electronics. And when the January 1975 issue hit newsstands, it did not disappoint. The cover was adorned with the first available image of the Altair 8,800, the world’s first mini-computer kit. It may not have been the shot heard around the world, but many say that it was the spark that ignited the home computer revolution. That very magazine inspired a young Paul Allen and Bill Gates to turn their passion for computers into a business that subsequently became an empire.

Today, Microsoft Corporation is the third most valuable company in the world and the world’s largest software company. But after four decades of buffeting the headwinds of the very industry it helped to create, Microsoft is at a turning point and the way forward is not entirely clear. Today we’ll hear from Professor Fritz Foley about his case entitled “The Transformation of Microsoft.” I’m your host, Brian Kenny, and you’re listening to Cold Call .

SPEAKER 1: So, we’re all sitting there in the classroom.

SPEAKER 2: Professor walks in.

SPEAKER 3: And they look up and you know it’s coming. The dreaded cold call.

BRIAN KENNY: Professor Fritz Foley’s Research focuses on corporate finance. He’s an expert on investment capital structure, working capital management, and a range of related topics, all of which probably factor into the case today. Fritz, thanks for joining us.

FRITZ FOLEY: Thanks so much for having me.

BRIAN KENNY: So, everybody pretty much knows who Microsoft is, and I think people will be really interested in getting a glimpse into where they were at this turning point in the company’s history. Still a very, very important company in the landscape of the technology industry and beyond. So, I think people will relate right away to this, but let me ask you, if you could start just by setting the stage for us. How does the case begin? Who’s the protagonist and what’s on her mind?

FRITZ FOLEY: Yeah, so the protagonist is Amy Hood, who is Microsoft’s CFO. She also was a student here at HBS at the time that I was in the PhD program. So, I’ve known her for some time and she’s facing a set of choices that really revolve around whether or not Microsoft should try to pursue increased margin or increased growth.

BRIAN KENNY: Okay. What prompted you to write the case? Your connection with Amy obviously is part of that, but why Microsoft and why now?

FRITZ FOLEY: I think I have been struck by the transformation that they are in the midst of. This is a company that… I mean, it’s hard to remember this. In the early two thousands, the stock price was stuck in the 20 to $30 a share range. And there was a group of people who were calling for the firm to be managed essentially for cash distributions and for increased margins. And then there were some growth opportunities that the company faced simultaneously. So, there was a real choice as to what direction to head. And I think this is a compelling choice that many other companies face. So, it’s a powerful example for me to highlight in course I teach about chief financial officers.

BRIAN KENNY: Microsoft was the first player on this stage really, but then Apple came along and I think many people look at these two as fierce competitors. But can you just talk about the difference between these two companies in terms of how they manage their financial strategy?

FRITZ FOLEY: Yeah, I can say a bit about that. So, at one level, they certainly are similar. They’re in tech space and in fact, many things that Microsoft was attracted to phones in particular, is something that Apple has excelled at. And I think that at the time of the case, they were quite different in the eyes of investors, I would say. I would say that investors still viewed Apple as having a lot of a growth emphasis of a commitment to innovating new products and solving problems that people weren’t even sure they had. Whereas Microsoft was the older, more established tech firm that I think, in the eyes of some, had become not a relic of the past, but less relevant when thinking about future innovations. And in some sense, the cases about how Microsoft tried to shed that view and become a relevant growth-oriented entity again.

BRIAN KENNY: And they’d certainly been criticized over the decades for not moving quickly enough to innovate and getting caught up in their own. And you think about IBM maybe as a company that faced similar criticisms getting caught up in just their size and the bureaucracy of the place. What did Microsoft’s business look like in 2012? Because that seemed to be the beginning of the turning point?

FRITZ FOLEY: Yeah. I mean, it was one where there was varying performance across divisions. There was interest by value activist investors given the large cash holdings that the firm had. Obviously, their market share when it came to the office suite of products and windows, those were quite high. And they were obviously very successful in continuing to provide versions of that to a whole variety of users. They had emerging cloud business, but it wasn’t clear that they would win in that space and had really struggled in other spaces.

In search, Bing never got traction relative to Google. In phones, they were really struggling in 2012 right before they tried to make more headway in phones by buying Nokia, which also subsequently didn’t work out as well as they had hoped. So, I think along a series of dimensions, they were really trying to get some traction, trying to get footing in new spaces. And there were a group of investors that actually felt like that wasn’t what they should do. That they should just focus on Office, focus on Windows, enjoy the high margins that came with their on-premises server and tool business offerings. So, they faced some really hard choices.

BRIAN KENNY: And they were also, in terms of just the organization itself up against some issues, what were some of the things they were encountering culturally at the time?

FRITZ FOLEY: Yeah. I mean, it’s a fascinating story from a cultural standpoint. It was an environment where there were high returns to showing that you were the smartest person in the room. Some of the stories that I have heard are a little jarring. I am not sure I would’ve survived in this environment. There were these very long mid-year reviews that took place and were incredibly demanding. It was an environment that was beginning to really emphasize the desire to be efficient, to be right, and in fairness to them, and Microsoft was coming from a culture or their culture came from a place where they were selling a product that couldn’t really fail. People had very high expectations for the performance of everything Microsoft provided them. And unlike today where there’s more room to update things through online updates, a lot of the software, it shipped and it had to be close to perfect when it shipped.

BRIAN KENNY: Actually, I can remember a time when the launch of a new Windows system was similar to the launch of a new iPhone. People were really excited to get the new system, but inevitably there were bugs and those were highly publicized, and so they fell under a lot of criticism. They were really operating under a microscope for a long time.

FRITZ FOLEY: For sure. And we’re keenly aware that time to fail in their products, which is a measure of how long it took for some product or process to break down, had to be very long. Otherwise, they would meet with a lot of customer dissatisfaction.

BRIAN KENNY: Yeah. Okay. So, let’s move into the transformation phase for them. What was the fundamental shift they made in terms of changing or restructuring the organization?

FRITZ FOLEY: In my view, I think that they did a variety of things to adopt more of a growth orientation. And some of this dealt with their metrics. Some of it dealt with very explicit changes to the culture, and I think some of it also dealt with a realization that pursuing growth would enhance value much more than trying to increase margins and have large dividend payouts or larger dividend payouts to shareholders. So this was, I would say in the 2012, 2013 timeframe, we began to see pieces of this. And they also faced significant managerial changes at that time. That’s when Steve Ballmer retired and they needed to pick a new CEO and could have gone a variety of directions there. And by picking Satya Nadella, effectively we’re committing to more of a growth path.

BRIAN KENNY: Can you think of an example of a company that chose the margins path? And I mean, these are both potentially successful choices, but I would guess.

FRITZ FOLEY: For sure. And it’s a very hard trade-off to make. In teaching my MBA students and executive education students I’m always struck, when I ask them, “Would you sacrifice some margin for growth,” how hard that question can be and how many people don’t have much intuition for it. So, other companies did go the margin route.

BRIAN KENNY: Yeah. Is it a situation where the margin choice is one that’s probably more comfortable and the returns are going to come sooner and the growth choice is a little riskier, and for a risk-averse culture probably harder to implement and you’re betting on the future? Is that fundamentally what the choice is?

FRITZ FOLEY: Yeah. I think that’s a really good way of putting it. Many people find it easier to see the benefits that come with cutting costs and looking for efficiencies and worry that what may come with growth could be elusive. And in some regards, I have heard senior finance managers say that they had to earn the permission to go after growth. They have to get the buy-in from a group of investors who feel as if the senior leadership team has credibility in pursuing growth.

BRIAN KENNY: So, here we have Microsoft, an enormous company, 130,000 or so employees, something like that, large by any measure about to pursue an option that is in many ways counter to the culture of the organization. How do you do that? How do you cascade this kind of a change through an organization of that size?

FRITZ FOLEY: On the cultural side, one thing that they did was very explicitly dropped a growth mindset culture. And Satya Nadella writes about this in his recent book, Refresh. The story is, for me, very compelling. It’s incredibly hard to get any organization to change its culture. Whenever I’ve been a part of an organization that tried to engage in a cultural shift, whatever the tagline was, quickly became the punchline for a set of office jokes.

BRIAN KENNY: I’ve been on the other side of that. I’m the guy who writes the punchlines most often.

FRITZ FOLEY: Yeah. So, you know how hard this is. And I think that they were very wise in picking Kathleen Hogan who had led one of the divisions of Microsoft to head up the charge to describe and roll out this cultural change. They brought senior leaders on board, and ultimately, I think there was a lot of demand for it that many people who were working at Microsoft were innovative engineers and a very creative set of employees who wanted to pursue growth. And when given the choice to move away from review processes and given the opportunity to go to meetings where they didn’t feel like they had to be exactly right in making a point, but could stimulate the beginning of a discussion set of ideas that could lead to something that was new, people embraced that.

BRIAN KENNY: And here we are in the age of the millennial worker. Millennials don’t want to work for the old Microsoft for sure. And Microsoft is competing with the likes of Google and Apple and other firms that are definitely perceived as open and innovative, and they want people with energy and ideas. So, they have to adopt that same personality, I guess.

FRITZ FOLEY: Yeah, I agree with that. I think there’s a new buzz about Microsoft, at least among my students, they’re much more intrigued by what it would mean to work there and what opportunities exist to do some things that would be truly novel and have a big impact on how people get work done.

BRIAN KENNY: So, let’s go back to our protagonists. Amy Hood in the case actually delves into her mindset a little bit. She’s getting ready to communicate these changes to the financial community. What are the kinds of things a CFO would have to think about? Because I can imagine the financial probably is more comfortable with the margin choice than the growth choice

FRITZ FOLEY: Yeah, for sure. It’s fun for me to imagine her faced with this choice really of, okay, I can go this path of growth, but if I do this, I am going to have to go to my investors and say, our margins are going to go down for some period of time, and you’re not going to like that. But there’s going to be some upside and it will take some time for that upside to show up. So, I think she needed to find ways to communicate or signal what that upside would be and how big it might be to the investors so that she wouldn’t lose credibility with them and would have the permission essentially to pursue growth.

BRIAN KENNY: Yeah. Now we hear it all the time about the emphasis on the short-term, short-termism in the financial community, and people want returns and they want them right away. In your experience, are you seeing a shift in the financial community, or are the analysts getting a little more comfortable with this notion of you can’t always go for the margins, you’ve got to find some sustainable growth in the long term?

FRITZ FOLEY: Yeah. It’s a great question. It’s one that troubles me or is something I think about our financial system generally. I happen to be probably more optimistic relative to many when it comes to how short-term-oriented, or really how financial markets aren’t as, as some might worry, or that concern about short-termism doesn’t resonate as much with me. I do think there is a big burden on senior finance teams to explain how value is created by thinking long-term and embracing growth opportunities. And in some sense, when I look at what Amy has been doing at Microsoft, I applaud her and her team for taking on that challenge. They quite explicitly set a target of a $20 billion run rate for their commercial cloud business, and once analysts had that number, they could begin to build off of it and get a feel for how much value could be created if Microsoft succeeded at pulling this off.

So, by having the courage to commit to that path and help analysts understand what the path meant, I think that they have been effective in pursuing it. More generally, I do worry that there are some analysts that simply take an earnings-per-share number and apply some current multiple and don’t think much about what the future will look like. I am hopeful that finance teams and organizations will play a role in educating analysts as to how they should think about the future, when growth opportunities do exist and are attractive.

BRIAN KENNY: Yeah. You mentioned earlier that you’ve talked about this in class, and I’m just curious, do the MBA students come at this differently than the executive education students who have been in fiduciary roles and organizations already?

FRITZ FOLEY: Yeah. That’s an interesting question. Let me reflect on that for a moment. I think the approach is fairly similar. I would say that some MBA students are probably less aware of the constraints that capital markets may put on senior management teams to pursue growth. They’re less aware of what an activist who wants cash now might push management to do, whereas executive education students tend to be keenly aware of those pressures. If anything, I find that MBA students, it’s a little bit harder for them to articulate what is the case for pursuing margin for Microsoft in 2012, 2013. Many executive education students are quick to come up with lists of things that could be done strategically financially in picking leadership.

BRIAN KENNY: Yeah, it’s interesting. And anybody who’s worked in an organization for any period of time, going back to that whole notion of how hard it is to change a culture, it’s pretty easy to think of reasons why not to pursue that path. So, I thought maybe some of the exec ed students might come at with those constraints already wrapped around themselves.

FRITZ FOLEY: Yeah, I agree.

BRIAN KENNY: Yeah. Fritz, thanks for joining us today.

FRITZ FOLEY: Thanks very much for having me.

HANNAH BATES: That was Harvard Business School Professor Fritz Foley in conversation with Brian Kenny on Cold Call . We’ll be back next Wednesday with another handpicked conversation about business strategy from Harvard Business Review.

If you found this episode helpful, share it with your friends and colleagues and follow our show on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts. While you’re there, be sure to leave us a review. And when you’re ready for more podcasts, articles, case studies, books, and videos with the world’s top business and management experts, find it all at HBR.org.

This episode was produced by Ann Saini and me, Hannah Bates. Ian Fox is our editor. Special thanks to Maureen Hoch, Adi Ignatius, Erica Truxler, Ramsey Khabbaz, Nicole Smith, Anne Bartholomew, and you, our listener. See you next week.

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Customer Case Study: preezie’s AI Journey with Microsoft Semantic Kernel

Sophia Lagerkrans-Pandey

July 3rd, 2024 0 1

Today we’re thrilled to feature the preezie team on the Semantic Kernel blog. The preezie team will discuss their AI journey, how they’ve integrated the Semantic Kernel SDK to build out their AI solutions and advice they’d give to other customers getting started on their AI journeys. We’ve broken each question for the preezie team into short interview clips below. Let’s dive into the questions we have for the preezie team!

1.) Can you introduce yourself and your role?

The below video series will feature the following individuals:

• Michael Tutek, Founder and CEO, preezie
• Danny Wang, Head of Technology, preezie
• Brandon McLean, Development Lead, preezie
• Danilo Santos da Silva, Senior Software Developer, preezie
• Vic Perdana, ISV AppDev Architect, Microsoft

2.) What has your AI journey been like in general?

preezie’s journey into AI started through a collaboration opportunity with Microsoft. Michael Tutek, highlighted that their engagement began when preezie was invited to the Retail Research Hub in Sydney, where they were captivated by AI and technological advancements being integrated into retail. This encounter spurred preezie to adopt elements of Generative AI technology, supported by Microsoft’s robust technical and commercial resources. The partnership has advanced as preezie’s Head of Technology, Danny Wang, spearheaded their exploration into AI about a year ago, when they visited the Microsoft Retail Research Center. Danny also noted how fast AI has evolved in the past year. preezie’s involvement with AI continued by attending Microsoft Build Australia, where they learned more about Copilot and its possibilities.

https://learn.microsoft.com/video/media/bdfde117-7e6c-4a72-8edd-3f6ad3aab3e3/Prezzie%201b%20Your%20AI%20Journey_17199_1920x1080_AACAudio_6775.mp4

3.) What’s the current AI project you’re working on at preezie where you’re using Semantic Kernel?

preezie’s vision for AI is to create a next generation shopping assistant while utilizing Microsoft. They are building out a shopping assistant that aims to bridge the gap between in-store and online shopping by recommending products, answering customer questions, providing advice and providing sizing recommendations to enhance online shopping and provide an experience traditionally found in physical stores.

https://learn.microsoft.com/video/media/5dbe49f3-9193-4e62-b047-fc7e863f9b48/Prezzie%202%20-%20what%20are%20you%20buildin_1920x1080_AACAudio_6793.mp4

4.) How has Semantic Kernel helped you with this project and what has implementation looked like?

Danny Wang highlighted that Semantic Kernel has been instrumental and helped preezie keep up with all of the new AI models and practices. Semantic Kernel ensures that their project remains up to date with the latest advancements in AI technology. They’ve also found tremendous value from the development community and getting responds promptly to queries posted on platforms like GitHub, providing valuable feedback and enhancing their development process. Danilo Santos da Silva highlighted how Semantic Kernel has simplified the development process and allowed the team to write minimal code to obtain results. Semantic Kernel has simplified the complexity of connecting to AI Models, plugins and agents.

https://learn.microsoft.com/video/media/75132bb8-d778-4613-abf5-0c2ca4b33df1/Prezzie%20Ai%203b%20AI%20with%20Semantic%20K_1920x1080_AACAudio_6793.mp4

5.) Were there any major challenges or obstacles you faced during the integration? How did you overcome them?

The preezie team highlighted the complexity of AI and how fast it’s changed as they’ve looked to implement it within their organization. Danny Wang highlighted the lack of knowledge in the beginning and how the team’s assumptions about AI didn’t align with the application of it as this was a solution the team had never worked on before. The constant evolution of models being released made it difficult to keep up. The team faces the daunting task of adapting their processes and codebases to stay current. This necessitates a flexible approach where previous solutions might become obsolete or need substantial modification. Danilo Santos da Silva highlighted timeboxing his experimental time to download new project and see if he could get it working to implement in their project. Brandon McLean highlighted how Semantic Kernel was the solution to the knowledge gap as it provided a framework to drop in and only provide a few inputs to get responses back and prompts working and was great to dive into.

https://learn.microsoft.com/video/media/7409afcb-8f76-430d-8b05-7237835daff5/Prezzie%203a_1720017360247_1920x1080_AACAudio_6819.mp4

6.) What’s your advice to other businesses embarking on their AI journey based on your learnings?

Brandon McLean highlights staying on top of AI learnings as it’s a hot topic, with Microsoft offering excellent tutorials and examples that facilitate getting started. Danilo Santos da Silva highlighted how he was skeptical at first but quickly realized AI’s capability to handle complexity and deliver results efficiently was limited compared to often traditional programming methods. Vic Perdana recommended to start small with experimenting and understand use cases of AI that are applicable to you and then you can implement it for your business.

https://learn.microsoft.com/video/media/9017dbab-7d66-4232-82ee-67c2fde06c9e/Prezzie%204_1720027926010_1920x1080_AACAudio_6788.mp4

For more information about preezie, visit the following links below:

• Website: https://preezie.com/
• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/preezie/
• Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/preezieAU/
• IG: https://www.instagram.com/preezieofficial/
• X: https://twitter.com/PreezieOfficial
• YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@preezie

From the Semantic Kernel team, we want to thank the entire preezie team for their time. We’re always interested in hearing from you. If you have feedback, questions or want to discuss further, feel free to reach out to us and the community on the Semantic Kernel GitHub Discussion Channel ! We would also love your support, if you’ve enjoyed using Semantic Kernel, give us a star on  GitHub .

Thanks again to the preezie team for their amazing work and partnership!

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After Supreme Court ruling, judge considers Trump's immunity claim in classified docs case

Donald Trump is seeking to build on his Supreme Court victory, which provided immunity from criminal prosecution for his official acts as president, by asking judges in his federal classified documents case and in his New York hush money conviction to throw out all of those charges.

U.S. District Judge Aileen Cannon postponed deadlines Saturday to debate evidence in the classified documents case and instead asked for written arguments about Trump’s immunity in the next two weeks.

Trump’s lawyers asked Cannon on Friday to halt all action in the classified documents case until she rules whether the charges are valid.

New York Judge Juan Merchan postponed sentencing Trump for his hush-money conviction of 34 counts of falsifying business records, which had been scheduled for Thursday, until September.

When the Supreme Court formally returns the election-interference case to U.S. District Judge Tanya Chutkan, she must weigh which charges are still valid to prosecute.

Neither Justice Department special counsel Jack Smith nor Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg has responded to the Supreme Court’s decision yet.

Trump’s lawyers, Todd Blanche and Christopher Kise, have argued the high court’s ruling means each of the judges will have to determine which conduct is official or unofficial – and not use any official conduct as evidence for charges against unofficial conduct.

Here is where the cases stand:

Supreme Court orders 'close analysis' of whether Trump conduct was unofficial

The reason for uncertainty about criminal charges against Trump is because no former president has ever been charged before and the Supreme Court hadn’t ruled on whether they could be.

Until July 1. That’s when Chief Justice John Roberts wrote for a 6-3 majority that former presidents can’t be tried for their official acts, but could potentially be charged for unofficial acts.

The ruling said presidents discussing policy with executive agencies can’t even be questioned about their motives. This ruled out charges involving Trump urging his acting attorney general to pursue allegations of election fraud with officials in swing states.

But the ruling left open the possibility of charges dealing with Trump’s recruitment of fake presidential electors to support him in states President Joe Biden won. Roberts wrote that determining whether Trump's pressure on then-Vice President Mike Pence "requires a close analysis of the indictment’s extensive and interrelated allegations."

“The President is not above the law,” Roberts wrote. “But under our system of separated powers, the President may not be prosecuted for exercising his core constitutional powers, and he is entitled to at least presumptive immunity from prosecution for his official acts."

Trial judges must now determine whether Trump’s conduct for the various charges was official or unofficial.

Judge postpones filings in classified documents case to study Trump's immunity claim

Trump was charged with retaining national defense records and conspiring to hide them from government authorities until FBI agents seized them during a search of Mar-a-Lago, his Florida estate, in August 2022.

Prosecutors have noted the entire case involves conduct after Trump left the White House in January 2021. Smith's team office said Trump did not have legal authority to designate secret national security documents as personal records and send them to his private home. But Trump’s lawyers have argued his decision to ship the documents to Mar-a-Lago was an official act.

In an order Saturday, Cannon scrapped a Monday deadline for Trump to disclose his experts and Wednesday deadlines for prosecutors and defense lawyers to share more evidence in the case.

Instead, Cannon set a deadline July 18 for Smith to respond to Trump’s request for immunity. Trump will have until July 21 to respond.

Cannon hasn’t set a date for a hearing, but said she could still collect more evidence.

Trump’s lawyers want Cannon to only move forward on two issues in the case: Smith's request for a gag order preventing Trump from making comments that could incite threats against FBI agents working the case, and whether Smith was properly appointed to his job as special counsel.

In the Supreme Court’s ruling on immunity, Justice Clarence Thomas, wrote  a concurrence  questioning Smith's appointment, even though that wasn't at issue in the case and many special counsels have been previously appointed under similar circumstances.

Judge in federal election interference must also determine unofficial conduct

The Supreme Court hasn’t formally returned Trump’s election-interference case to Chutkan, under what is called a “mandate,” which might not happen until Aug. 2.

“The judgment or mandate of this Court will not issue for at least thirty-two days,” Supreme Court clerk Scott Harris wrote July 1 to the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals.

Chutkan will have to review which charges – if any – can go to trial once she gets the case back.

New York sentencing postponed because of potential immunity

Merchan previously postponed sentencing Trump in the hush-money case, which had been scheduled Thursday, until Sept. 18.

But that’s only if necessary. Merchan plans to decide Sept. 6 whether Trump is immune from the charges, even though his case involves state charges and the Supreme Court was reviewing federal charges.

Trump was convicted May 30 of falsifying records to hide his reimbursement to private lawyer Michael Cohen, who paid $130,000 to silence porn actress Stormy Daniels about alleged sex with Trump before the 2016 election.

The financial arrangements between Cohen and Daniels happened before Trump was elected president. But his series of 11 payments to Cohen – through his private company – happened the first year of his presidency.

Merchan previously ruled that Trump filed an immunity argument in the case too late to be considered.

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• Environment
• Climate change and energy
• Climate change adaptation

AI-enabled data rescue from historic charts 

The Environment Agency has around 10,000 years' worth of hydrological data on river levels and flows - but it is stored on materials that are fast degrading.

The risk of flooding and drought within England is a priority area of focus for the Environment Agency ( EA ) which strives to protect and enhance the environment, to contribute to sustainable development and to help protect the nation’s security in the face of emergencies. 

Over the years, a vast amount of hydrological data has been collected through manual efforts, amassing an impressive physical archive of approximately 10,000 years’ worth of valuable river level and flow information. This vital data could be used to build more accurate climate and flood modelling and help forecast and minimise the impact of future adverse weather events.  

However, a significant challenge is that much of this historical environmental surveillance data has been stored on biodegradable materials, such as paper charts, microfilm and punch tape. These important documents face the risk of irreversible degradation and therefore need cataloguing urgently. Adding to this challenge, the EA is losing the ability to interpret even this archive as staff retire. 

While manual data extraction is underway, the time-consuming plotting of physical data onto graphs means this process – currently estimated to take 40 years – is unsustainable and a new, faster solution was needed. The Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs ( Defra ) approached the Accelerated Capability Environment ( ACE ) on behalf of the EA to explore the feasibility of using cutting-edge artificial intelligence ( AI ) and machine-learning technology to digitise, read and interpret the physical data significantly faster while maintaining accuracy. 

Bringing new technologies to bear 

ACE invited suppliers from its Vivace community to present ideas for a proof of concept ( PoC ) solution to see if AI could help with either fully automating, or semi-automating, manual data rescue. From seven bids, The London Data Company was selected to determine the exact data rescue requirement, including characterising the features of the physical data being digitalised, identify the best-fit method, and build and test a PoC data-rescue tool. 

Working with domain specialists and data users from across the EA , an initial options analysis identified two suitable open-source tools to take forward for the PoC stage – one which was fully automated, and the second which had a human in the loop – so two, rather than the expected one. 

The first PoC , the fully automated tool, showed low feasibility for effective digitisation, due to limitations in accurately rescuing handwritten information that is crucial for understanding axis labels, chart metadata such as location and start date, and adapting to different chart types, such as those with missing gaps, or smudges caused by water damage. It is recommended that further assessments be made in the future as Optical Character Recognition ( OCR ) performance improves with time.   

Pivoting to the second, human-in-the-loop tool for AI -assisted data rescue produced better results, and recommendations were also made for feature changes which would adapt and increase the effectiveness of this tool on live datasets, including integrating additional AI elements from the first PoC . 

The importance of collating and analysing good quality historic data and records to better understand climatic trends and management of river catchments cannot be underestimated as it is key to protecting the UK’s security in the face of emergencies.

As the EA works to create better places for people and wildlife and support sustainable development, ACE looks forward to supporting next steps in this, and many other priority environmental areas. 

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Banned NBA player Jontay Porter will be charged in betting case, court papers indicate

FILE - Toronto Raptors forward Jontay Porter lookson during the first half of the team’s NBA basketball game against the Chicago Bulls, Jan. 18, 2024, in Toronto. Court papers indicate that former Toronto Raptors player Jontay Porter will be charged with a federal felony connected to the sports betting scandal that spurred the NBA to ban him for life. (Christopher Katsarov/The Canadian Press via AP, File)

FILE - Toronto Raptors center Jontay Porter (34) looks to pass in the first half of an NBA basketball game Monday, March 11, 2024, in Denver. Court papers indicate that former Toronto Raptors player Jontay Porter will be charged with a federal felony connected to the sports betting scandal that spurred the NBA to ban him for life. (AP Photo/David Zalubowski, File)

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NEW YORK (AP) — Former Toronto Raptors player Jontay Porter will be charged with a federal felony connected to the sports betting scandal that spurred the NBA to ban him for life, court papers indicate.

Federal prosecutors in Brooklyn filed what’s known as a criminal information sheet on Tuesday. The document doesn’t specify a court date or the charge or charges, but it does show the case is related to an existing prosecution of four men charged with scheming to cash in on tips from a player about his plans to exit two games early.

The Associated Press sent voice and email messages Wednesday to Porter’s St. Louis-based lawyer, Jeff Jensen. He said last month that Porter had been “in over his head due to a gambling addiction” but was getting treatment and cooperating with law enforcement.

Brooklyn U.S. Attorney Breon Peace’s office declined to comment on the new developments.

An NBA investigation found in April that Porter tipped off bettors about his health and then claimed illness to exit at least one game, creating wins for anyone who’d bet on him to underperform expectations. Porter also gambled on NBA games in which he didn’t play, once betting against his own team, the league said.

The four men charged last month appeared in court but haven’t yet entered pleas. They’re charged with conspiracy to commit wire fraud and were released on bonds in various amounts.

A court complaint against those four — Ammar Awawdeh, Timothy McCormack, Mahmud Mollah and Long Phi Pham — accused them of using prior knowledge of an NBA player’s plans so that they or their relatives could place winning bets on his performance.

The complaint, filed in early June, identified the athlete only as “Player 1.” Details about him and the game — and a quote from an NBA news release — matched up with the league’s probe into Porter.

According to the complaint, the player owed “significant gambling debts” to Awawdeh, who encouraged the athlete to settle them with a “special”: intentionally exiting games so that bettors in the know could successfully wager on him falling short of what sportsbooks figured he’d do.

“If I don’t do a special with your terms. Then it’s up,” the player responded in an encrypted message early this year, according to the complaint. “And u hate me and if I don’t get u 8k by Friday you’re coming to Toronto to beat me up.”

The player told some of the four already-charged defendants that he would claim health problems to take himself out of games early on Jan. 26 and March 20, the complaint says.

Porter played only briefly on those dates before leaving the court, complaining of injury or illness. In both games, his points, rebounds and assists were below the betting line for his performance.

Mollah, McCormack and a relative of Awawdeh had bet the “under” and made out, though a betting company ultimately stopped Mollah from collecting most of his more than $1 million in winnings on the March 20 game, according to the complaint.

After the NBA and others began investigating, the player messaged Pham, Mollah and Awawdeh in early April that they “might just get hit w a rico” — an apparent reference to the common acronym for a federal racketeering charge — and asked whether they had deleted “all the stuff” from their phones, the complaint notes.

The complaint said the player had spoken with authorities in hopes of earning “leniency at sentencing in the event he is criminally charged,” but it didn’t say when the conversation or conversations occurred.

Porter’s salary for this year was around $410,000. The 24-year-old averaged 4.4 points, 3.2 rebounds and 2.3 assists in 26 games this season, including five starts. He also played in 11 games for the Memphis Grizzlies in the 2020-21 season.

Environmental Science: Nano

Overlooked impact of surface hydroxylation on the solubility of less-soluble compounds: a case study of ceo 2 †.

* Corresponding authors

a Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia E-mail: [email protected]

b Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii prosp. 31, 117901 Moscow, Russia

c National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Akademika Kurchatova pl. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia

d Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany

e National Research University Higher School of Economics, Myasnitskaya st. 20, 101000 Moscow, Russia

Unexpectedly, the solubility of CeO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) at 25 °C does not depend on particle size, but is significantly affected by the sample's thermal pre-treatment. The classical interpretation of NPs' solubility proposed by the Gibbs–Thompson or Kelvin equations fails to describe the experimental data on CeO 2 solubility obtained in this study. Thermal treatment did not change the samples' morphological characteristics, while slightly affecting NP hydroxylation and local crystallinity. The differences in the solubility of dried and non-treated CeO 2 particles were most noticeable at pH < 4, and dissolved cerium concentration was much lower in the case of the dried sample. After prolonged storage (up to 4.5 years) of CeO 2 NPs in aqueous media, the solubility of dried samples gradually increased, while for non-treated samples it remained unchanged. Based on the example of CeO 2 , the dissolution laws of other less soluble nanomaterials should be reconsidered.

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Overlooked impact of surface hydroxylation on the solubility of less-soluble compounds: a case study of CeO 2

T. V. Plakhova, A. Yu. Romanchuk, A. D. Konyukhova, I. F. Seregina, A. E. Baranchikov, R. D. Svetogorov, M. W. Terban, V. K. Ivanov and S. N. Kalmykov, Environ. Sci.: Nano , 2024, Advance Article , DOI: 10.1039/D4EN00014E

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Case control study

15 questions

Introducing new   Paper mode

No student devices needed.   Know more

In analytical epidemiology inferences are made with respect to ...............

individuals

none of the above

In analytical studies subject of interest is.........

Case control studies can be prospective studies.

Case control studies are very useful when causal pathway of a disease is of short duration may be in decades.

Determination of higher frequency of exposure of factor to the disease is enough to establish its association with the disease.

Selection of cases is much difficult than the selection of controls.

Cases should be defined on the basis of

Diagnostic criteria

Incidence rate

Prevalence rate

All of the above.

Sources of the cases may include

Hospital registered patients

suspected relatives

suspected neighbors

general population without disease.

Sources of the controls for study should not include

General population without disease.

Actually most convenient source for selection of cases is

Disease registry documents

Hospital networks

Survey reports

Disease free siblings can be useful as a control group in analytical study of all diseases except......

metabolic diseases occurred due to life style.

Only for non communicable diseases.

Only for communicable diseases.

genetic diseases.

Minimum requirement of controls per case is............

Minimum requirement of controls per case in small study group is............

Confounding factor is

elimination factor

which not to eliminate

dependent risk factor

independent risk factor

.................... is a measure of the probability that an observed difference could have occurred just by random chance.

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• Security operations and management

Alex - stock.adobe.com

How AI-driven SOC tech eased alert fatigue: Case study

Alert fatigue is real, and it can cause big problems in the soc. learn how generative ai can improve security outcomes and reduce analysts' frustration in this case study..

• Alissa Irei, Senior Site Editor

Cybersecurity executive Jonathan Fischbein had a problem to which his peers can likely relate: too many security alerts and too few security operations center analysts.

"We have a tight budget," said Fischbein, CISO at cybersecurity software provider Check Point. "I'd say that, in the SOC, we were lacking between 30% and 40% manpower."

Without enough staff to respond to the constant flood of security alerts coming from the organization's SIEM platform, conditions were ripe for disaster. "If you have an alert that you're not addressing, that alert might become an incident," Fischbein said. "And that is something that, as the CISO, I don't want."

AI unseats legacy SOAR

With the aim of reducing his team's alert fatigue and improving Check Point's security posture, Fischbein began exploring automation platforms. Feedback from fellow CISOs and CIOs led him to bypass legacy security orchestration, automation and response ( SOAR ) products in favor of a hyperautomation platform from startup Torq.

"We really liked the fact that the UI is graphical and that there are a lot of workflow automation templates," Fischbein said, adding that the platform's design centers SOC analysts' experience to make their jobs easier.

Check Point initiated a proof of concept . Within a few days of the trial's inception, Fischbein said, Torq had deployed more than two dozen AI-driven playbooks, automating responses to some of the organization's most repetitive security alerts.

Importantly, the Torq technology also integrated easily with Check Point's existing infrastructure and security stack, ingesting and analyzing data from a variety of systems and tools. "It fit like a glove," Fischbein said.

He was sold.

We can react automatically to problems before they become security incidents. Jonathan Fischbein CISO, Check Point

AI goes to work in the SOC

Today, Torq's technology -- now known as HyperSOC -- investigates, triages and remediates many of Check Point's internal security alerts without any human intervention. If an alert meets certain parameters based on organizational security policies, the platform autonomously takes relevant predefined steps, such as initiating an MFA challenge or locking out a suspicious user.

"We can react automatically to problems before they become security incidents," Fischbein said.

When events are potentially critical or complex, HyperSOC flags them for analyst oversight or intervention and offers suggestions for next steps.

According to Torq, organizations can also train the generative AI-driven SOC platform to consider contextual factors in its decision-making -- for example, requiring confirmation from a human operator before locking the CEO's account.

Natural language processing speaks up

Fischbein compared Torq's HyperSOC to a Swiss Army knife in that it helps address diverse security events of varying severity.

Some of that flexibility is thanks to the technology's large language model capabilities, which enable it to ingest material written in natural language -- ranging from proprietary in-house playbooks to documentation of industry frameworks, such as Mitre ATT&CK -- and cross-reference it during event triage, investigation and response efforts.

In cases requiring human intervention, the platform also uses natural language to summarize its own workflows, present relevant data and offer next-step recommendations. This helps human analysts make more efficient and informed decisions, minimizing the time and effort they spend on tedious and manual investigative tasks during active incidents.

AI is a SecOps tool, not a panacea

According to Fischbein, Torq's AI-driven SOC platform has successfully increased efficiency and reduced alert fatigue among Check Point's security analysts. But that's not to say he considers his staffing woes solved.

"In our organization, we're talking about almost 7,0000 users in about 80 different locations worldwide. The problems are endless," he said. "If I increased my SOC staff by 40%, I would still have problems."

In other words, the never-ending battle between SecOps teams and attackers continues -- albeit with AI-driven SOC technology potentially giving the good guys an edge.

"It's a cat-and-mouse game," Fischbein said. "And, with Torq, we can catch the mouse more easily."

Alissa Irei is senior site editor of TechTarget Security.

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